street. 3. Near Puddle dock, Thames street.
RYCAUT’S _court_, Morgan’s lane.†
[Illustration]
S.
SACRIST of St. Paul’s cathedral, an officer who is assistant to the
Treasurer. He is to keep every thing in order belonging to the altar,
and to open the church doors at the first ringing of the bell for
morning and evening prayers. This officer when chosen by the Treasurer,
must be presented to the Dean for his approbation, by whom he is
admitted upon taking an oath to discharge his office with fidelity.
The Sacrist has three servants under him, called Vergers, who also keep
servants for cleaning the church, tolling the bell, blowing the organ
bellows, and other servile business. _Newc. Rep._
SADLERS, a very ancient company, though it was not incorporated by letters
patent till the reign of Edward I. They are governed by a Prime and
three other Wardens, with eighteen Assistants, and have a livery of
seventy members, whose fine on their admission is 10_l._ They have a
very handsome hall in Cheapside. _Maitland._
SADLERS _alley_, Dorset street.
SADLERS _court_, Milford lane.
SAFFRON _hill_, 1. Field lane, at the bottom of Snow hill. 2. Hockley in
the Hole.
SALISBURY _alley_, Chiswell street.
SALISBURY _court_, Dorset street, Fleet street; so called from the Bishop
of Salisbury’s city mansion there; afterwards the Earl of Dorset’s.
SALISBURY _lane_, Rotherhith Wall.
SALISBURY _stairs_, Salisbury street, in the Strand.
SALISBURY _street_, 1. Marigold street, Rotherhith Wall. 2. In the Strand;
so called from the Earl of Salisbury’s house, which formerly stood
there.
SALISBURY _walk_, Chelsea road.
SALMON’S _lane_, Ratcliff.†
SALT OFFICE, in York Buildings, is under the government of five
Commissioners, each of whom has a salary of 500_l._ _per annum_. Under
these Commissioners are the following officers: a Treasurer, who has
430_l._ a year, for himself and three Clerks; he has also a Deputy: two
Billmen: a Comptroller, who has 350_l._ a year, with a Deputy and two
Clerks: the Comptroller’s Secretary has 200_l._ a year, and an
Assistant: an Accomptant General, who has 200_l._ _per annum_, and his
Clerk 40_l._ a year: a Correspondent, who has 100_l._ a year, and his
Clerk 60_l._ a Chief Accomptant and Clerk of Securities, who has 180_l._
_per annum_: two Accomptants, who have 70_l._ a year each, a Clerk, who
has 60_l._ and another 40_l._ _per annum_: a Storekeeper and Clerk of
the charities and diaries, who has 60_l._ a year; a Collector of the
port of London, who has 60_l._ an Assistant Searcher 60_l._ and two
Surveyors who have 40_l._ a year each.
Besides these, there are in this office an housekeeper who has 100_l._ a
year, and several other servants.
SALTERS, one of the twelve principal companies, and the ninth in order of
precedency, is of considerable antiquity, since they had the grant of a
livery from Richard II. in the year 1394; but it does not appear that
they were incorporated before the first year of the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, in 1558.
This company has a Master, two Wardens, twenty-seven Assistants, and a
livery of 190 members, who upon their being admitted, pay a fine of
20_l._ They have a very considerable estate, out of which they pay
500_l._ _per annum_ to charitable uses. Their hall, which is a plain
brick building, is situated in a neat court in Swithin’s lane.
SALTERS _alley_, 1. Green bank, Wapping. 2. Nightingale lane.
SALTERS _court_, Piccadilly.
SALTERS HALL _court_, in Swithin’s lane, where is Salters hall, in which
is a handsome presbyterian meeting-house.
SALTPETRE BANK, 1. East Smithfield, by Little Tower hill. 2. By Rosemary
lane.
SALUTATION _court_, St. Giles’s Broadway.*
SAMBROOK’S _court_, Old Broad street.†
SAMBRUGH’S _court_, Basinghall street.†
SAMSON’S _rents_, Green Walk.†
SANDWICH _court_, Houndsditch.†
SANDY’S _rents_, Coverley’s fields.†
SANDY’S _street_, Widegate alley, Bishopsgate street without.†
SARAH’S _street_, New Gravel lane.
SARN _alley_, Rotherhith Wall.†
SATCHELL’S _rents_, 1. Shoreditch.† 2. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.†
SAVAGE _gardens_, Tower hill.†
SAVAGE’S _court_, Widegate alley, Bishopsgate street.†
SAVAGE’S _rents_, Black Friars.†
SAVERY’S _alley_, Farmer’s street, Shadwell.†
SAVILE _row_, near New Bond street.†
_St._ SAVIOUR’S _Bermondsey_, a priory, and afterwards an abbey, founded
by Alwin Child, a citizen of London, in the year 1082, in the place now
denominated St. John’s court Bermondsey.
This priory was not only confirmed by the charter of William Rufus,
together with all the benefactions belonging to it; but that Prince also
conferred upon the Prior and Monks the manor of Bermondsey, and erected
a handsome and spacious conventual church for their accommodation. This
priory, however, being an alien and a cell to one in France, it was
among other foreign foundations sequestered by Edward III. in the year
1371, who constituted Richard Denton, an Englishman, Prior thereof.
This priory was in 1391 converted into an abbey; and at the general
suppression of monasteries in the year 1539 was surrendered to Henry
VIII. when being granted to Sir John Pope, he demolished the old abbey,
and erected in its room a stately edifice, which some time after came to
the Earls of Sussex. _Stow’s Survey._
_St._ SAVIOUR’S _dock_, vulgarly called _Savory dock_, in Rotherhith, took
its name from the above abbey, dedicated to the holy Saviour.
_Maitland._
_St._ SAVIOUR’S _Mill_, vulgarly called _Savory mill_, also belonged to
the above abbey, and was in the year 1536 let by the Abbot and Monks to
John Curlew, at the yearly rent of 6_l._ which was then the value of
eighteen quarters of good wheat; and he was also bound to grind all the
corn used in the abbey.
In the place where this mill stood, is now an engine for raising water
to supply the neighbourhood. _Maitland._
_St._ SAVIOUR’S _School_, in St. Saviour’s church yard, Southwark, was
founded by the parish, for the education of boys in grammatical
learning, and confirmed by letters patent granted by Queen Elizabeth, so
early as the year 1562, and the fourth of her reign; by which six of the
vestry are for ever appointed Governors.
To this school belong a Master and Usher, the former of whom has a
salary of 30_l._ and the latter 20_l._ _per annum_.
_St._ SAVIOUR’S _Southwark_, or _St._ MARY OVERIES, a church of great
antiquity, situated to the south west of the bridge foot. In the place
where it stands, is said to have been anciently a priory of nuns founded
by one Mary a Virgin, the owner of a ferry over the river Thames, before
the building of London bridge. Some time after the priory was converted
into a college of Priests; but that establishment, as well as the
former, proving of no long duration, it was in the year 1106 founded by
two Norman Knights, and the Bishop of Winchester, for Canons regular,
and from its dedication to the Virgin Mary, and its situation, was
called St. Mary Overie, that is, St. Mary over the river.
This edifice was destroyed by fire about the year 1207; but it being
soon after rebuilt, Peter de Rupibus, Bishop of Winchester, added to it
a spacious chapel, which he dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen; and this
being afterwards appointed for the use of the inhabitants, it at last
became their parish church.
The monastery and church were rebuilt in the reigns of Richard II. and
Henry IV. but at the general suppression of religious houses were
surrendered to Henry VIII. in the year 1539; upon which the parishes of
St. Mary Magdalen, and St. Margaret, purchased the conventual church of
King Henry; and were the next year united by act of Parliament, and the
church being then repaired, was called by the new name of St. Saviour’s.
_Stowe._
Both the construction and extent of this Gothic structure resemble a
cathedral more than a parish church. The length is 260 feet, and that of
the cross isle 109: the breadth of the body is 54 feet, and the height
of the tower, including the pinacles, is 150 feet. The construction of
the windows, entrances, and every other part, is purely in the Gothic
style, except a modern door, which is neither Gothic, nor agreeable to
the rules of any other architecture. The tower, which is square, and
well proportioned, is supported by massy pillars over the meeting of the
middle and cross isles; it is crowned with battlements, and has a
pinacle at each corner.
In a chapel at the east end of the church is the monument of Bishop
Andrews, who was interred there; and in another part of the church is
that of the Bishop of Winchester; but the most singular monument is that
of the family of the Austins, erected in the last century, and repaired,
new painted, and gilt by the relations in 1706.
The first figure is a rock, upon which is written, _Petra erat_ XTS.
that is, The rock was Christ. Down this rock runs a stream of water; and
out of it glides a serpent, his old skin being stript off by the rock,
which is seen hanging on that part of his back that is not yet got
thro’. At the foot of the rock there grows standing corn, on which is a
label with these words, _Si non moriatur, non reviviscit_, that is, If
it dieth not, it liveth not again. Underneath the corn is this motto,
_Nos sevit, fovit, lavit, coget, renovabit_, _i.e._ He hath sown,
cherished, washed us, and shall gather us together and renew us.
Upon the top of the rock stands an angel, holding a sickle in his left
hand, and with his right pointing to the sun, which shines, and on its
lower rays is a label, upon which is, _Sol justitiæ_, _i.e._ The Sun of
righteousness.
On the sides of the monument are scythes, flails, shepherds crooks,
rakes, ploughs, harrows, and other instruments of husbandry hanging by a
ribband out of a Death’s head; and above them, _Vos estis agricultura_,
_i.e._ Ye are God’s husbandry.
On the outside of these a harvest man with wings is seated on each side,
one with a fork behind him, and the other with a rake. They have straw
hats, and lean their heads upon their hands, the elbows resting upon
their knees, as if fatigued with labour, and under them are these words,
_Messores congregabunt_, _i.e._ The reapers shall gather. Under all is a
winnowing fan, upon which is stretched a sheet of parchment bearing a
long inscription in Latin.
Though the name of this church has been changed from St. Mary Overies to
that of St. Saviour, yet the former still prevails. It is a rectory in
the gift of the parish, and the profits arising to the two Chaplains,
are said to amount to above 300_l._ _per annum_.
SAVORY _dock_. See _St._ SAVIOUR’S _dock_.
SAVORY MILL. See _St._ SAVIOUR’S _mill_.
SAVORY _mill stairs_, corruptly so called, Rotherhith. See _St._ SAVIOUR’S
_mill stairs_.
SAVOY, or _Lancaster Palace_, is situated to the westward of Somerset
house, between the Strand and the Thames. This place obtained the name
of the Savoy, from Peter Earl of Savoy and Richmond, who built it about
the year 1245, and afterwards transferred it to the friars of Montjoy,
of whom Queen Eleanor, the wife of King Henry III. purchased it for her
son Henry Duke of Lancaster. The Duke afterwards enlarged and beautified
it, at the expence of 52,000 marks, at that time an immense sum. Here
John King of France resided, when a prisoner in England in the year
1357, and upon his return hither in 1363, when it was esteemed one of
the finest palaces in England.
This edifice was burnt in 1381 by the Kentish rebels, on account of some
pique they had conceived against John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who
was then the proprietor. But the ground afterwards devolving to the
Crown, King Henry VII. began to rebuild it as it at present appears, for
an hospital, for the reception of an hundred distressed objects; but
that Prince not living to see it compleated, Henry VIII. his son, not
only granted his manor of the Savoy to the Bishop of Winchester and
others, the executors of his father’s will, towards finishing the
hospital; but by his charter of the 5th of July 1513, constituted them a
body politic and corporate, to consist of a Master, five secular
Chaplains, and four Regulars, in honour of Jesus Christ, his Mother, and
St. John Baptist; the foundation to be denominated _The hospital of King
Henry VII. late King of England, of the Savoy_.
This hospital was suppressed in the reign of Edward VI. when the
revenues were found to amount to 530_l._ _per annum_, which that Prince
gave to the city of London towards making a provision for the hospitals
of Bridewell, Christ-church, and St. Thomas: but Queen Mary converted it
into an hospital again, and having endowed it anew, her Ladies and Maids
of honour completely furnished it, at their own expence, with all
necessaries. However the hospital was again suppressed upon the
accession of Queen Elizabeth to the throne, and the revenues applied to
the uses intended by her brother.
Nothing here is now to be seen, but the ruins of the ancient edifice
built with free-stone and flints, among which is still remaining part of
a great building, in which detachments of the King’s guards lie, and
where they have their Marshalsea prison for the confinement of deserters
and other offenders, and to lodge their recruits.
A part of the Savoy was assigned by King William III. for the residence
of the French refugees, who have still a chapel here, in which they
conform to the church of England. _Stowe._ _Dugdale’s Mon. Ang._
SAW _court_, Fore street, Cripplegate.
SAWYER’S _court_, Houndsditch.†
SAWYER’S _yard_, 1. Hosier lane. 2. Tower street, Soho.
SCALDING _alley_, in the Poultry. In this alley was formerly a large
house, known by the name of the Scalding-house; for the street called
the Poultry containing a number of Poulterers stalls, the fowls they
sold there were first scalded in this house. _Maitland._
SCALLOP _court_, Creed lane, Ludgate street.
SCHOOL _alley_, East Smithfield.☐
SCHOOL _lane_, Jamaica street, Rotherhith.☐
SCHOOL _yard_, Ailesbury street, Clerkenwell.☐
SCHOOLHOUSE _alley_, Swan alley.☐
SCHOOLHOUSE _lane_, 1. Ailesbury street.☐ 2. Brooke street, Ratcliff.☐
SCHOOLHOUSE _yard_, 1. Rose street, Shoreditch.☐ 2. Schoolhouse lane,
Ratcliff.☐ 3. Sutton street, St. John’s street, Clerkenwell.☐
SCHOOLS. Of these we have given an account under the names of their
particular foundations; the most famous and noble of these, are, the
Charterhouse, Mercers school, Merchant Taylors school, St. Paul’s
school, and Westminster school; and among those for the instruction of
the lower class, is Christ-church school, a noble foundation for the
education and support of the children of deceased citizens, and a great
number of smaller foundations, as, St. Olave’s school, Ratcliff school,
Tothill fields school, and several others; all of which the reader may
find under their respective articles.
In these schools, exclusive of Christ-church hospital, are educated 2888
boys, and 285 girls; the charge of whose education, &c. exclusive of
those which belong to hospitals and almshouses, amounts, according to
Maitland, to the annual sum of 1990_l._
Besides these, which are supported by regular funds, there are a great
number denominated CHARITY SCHOOLS, that have no other foundation and
support, than generous benefactions, annual subscriptions, and the
charitable collections made in the several churches in this city and
suburbs. Of these we shall give a list, with the number of the boys and
girls in each.
_Schools._ _Boys._ _Girls._
Allhallows, Lombard street 40 00
St. Andrew’s, Holborn 80 70
St. Anne’s, Aldersgate 30 20
St. Anne’s, Westminster 52 52
St. Bartholomew the Great 35 16
Bartholomew Close, _Presbyterian_ 50 25
Bethnal Green 00 30
Bevis Marks, _Portuguese Jews_ 12 00
Billingsgate Ward 40 00
St. Botolph’s, Aldersgate 50 50
St. Botolph’s, Aldgate 50 40
St. Botolph’s, Bishopsgate 30 20
Bridge and Candlewick Wards 60 40
Bridewell Walk, Clerkenwell, _Quakers_ 40 20
St. Bride’s 50 50
Broad street Ward 50 30
Castle Baynard Ward 30 20
St. Catherine Creechurch 40 00
St. Catherine’s, Tower 35 15
Christ-church, Spitalfields 30 30
Christ-church, Surry 30 10
St. Clement’s Danes 85 55
Corbet’s court, Spitalfields, _French_ 50 50
Cordwainer and Bread street Wards 50 30
Cornhill and Lime street Wards 50 30
Cripplegate Ward within 50 20
Dowgate Ward 30 20
St. Dunstan’s in the West 50 20
East Smithfield Liberty 40 30
St. Ethelburg’s 20 00
Faringdon Ward within 60 40
Fry’s court, Tower hill, _Presbyterian_ 30 10
St. George’s, Hanover square 50 40
St. George’s, Queen square 50 50
St. George’s, Ratcliff Highway 50 50
St. George’s, Southwark 50 00
St. Giles’s, Cripplegate 130 00
St. Giles’s in the Fields 101 101
Grey Eagle street, Spitalfields, _French_ 50 50
St. James’s, Clerkenwell 60 40
St. James’s, Westminster 102 80
St. John’s, Hackney 30 20
St. John’s, Wapping 38 23
Keat’s street, Spitalfields, _Independent_ 30 00
King’s head court, Spitalfields, _Independent_ 00 30
Knightsbridge chapel 6 6
St. Laurence, Poultney 16 00
St. Leonard’s, Shoreditch 50 50
St. Luke’s, Old street 40 00
St. Margaret’s, Westminster 52 34
St. Martin’s in the Fields 101 51
St. Mary’s, Islington 26 18
St. Mary’s, Lambeth 28 00
St. Mary la Bonne 12 00
St. Mary le Strand 16 00
St. Mary Magdalen’s, Bermondsey 50 20
St. Mary’s, Newington Butts 32 00
St. Mary’s Rotherhith 45 00
Mile-end, Old Town 22 10
Nortonfalgate 60 00
St. Olave’s, Jewry 30 00
St. Olave’s, Southwark 00 60
St. Paul’s, Covent Garden 30 20
St. Paul’s, Shadwell 50 50
Poplar Hamlet 30 20
Portpool lane, _Welch_ 50 00
Queenhithe Ward 36 24
Ratcliff Hamlet 35 25
Ratcliff Highway, _Presbyterian_ 30 00
St. Saviour’s, Southwark 80 50
St. Sepulchre’s 84 76
Shakespear’s walk, Shadwell, _Presbyterian_ 30 00
St. Stephen’s, Wallbrook 30 00
St. Thomas’s, Southwark 30 00
Tower street Ward 60 60
Vintry Ward 50 00
Unicorn yard, Horselydown, _Independent_ 50 00
Zoar street, Southwark, _Presbyterian_ 137 00
Thus in these charity schools are educated 3458 boys, and 1901 girls, in
all 5359. Mr. Maitland has been at some pains in endeavouring to learn
the respective charges of the above schools; but not being able to
obtain an account of each, he has endeavoured to settle as near as
possible the expence of maintaining the whole, and that by a method
equally plain and satisfactory: for having found that the parish school
of St. Andrew’s, Holborn, which contains eighty boys, cost in one year
272_l._ 2_s._ 9_d._ and seventy girls in the same school 139_l._ 14_s._
6_d._ he computed, that as the charge of eighty boys amounts to 272_l._
2_s._ 9_d._ so that of 3458 boys must amount to 11,763_l._ 2_s._ 10¼_d._
and so, by the same method of calculation, as the expence of seventy
girls amounts to 139_l._ 14_s._ 6_d._ that of 1901 girls must amount to
3794_l._ 10_s._ 7½_d. per annum_; whence it appears, that the whole
expence of all the said charity children amounts to 15,557_l._ 13_s._
5¾_d._ _per annum_.
The same author adds, that the annual expence of the above free-schools,
exclusive of those belonging to the hospitals and almshouses, amounting
to 1990_l._ it appears that the expence of these schools, added to that
of the charity schools, amount in all to 17,547_l._ 13_s._ 3¾_d._
As to the number of private schools in this metropolis and its suburbs,
for educating youth in all kinds of literature, they are supposed to
amount to above three thousand. _Maitland._
SCORE’S _alley_, East Smithfield.†
SCOTLAND _yard_, Whitehall; so named from a palace which formerly stood
there for the reception of the Kings of Scotland, when they came to do
homage for the county of Cumberland, and other fiefs held by them of the
Crown of England. _Stow’s Survey._
SCOTS CORPORATION, for the relief of poor and necessitous people of that
country. This corporation owes its origin to James Kinnier, a Scotsman,
and merchant of this city; who on his recovery from a long and dangerous
illness, resolved to give part of his estate towards the relief of the
aged and necessitous of his country, within the cities of London and
Westminster: and having prevailed with a society of his countrymen, who
composed a box club, to join their stock, applied for a charter, by
which he and his co-adjutors were, in the year 1665, constituted a body
politic and corporate, with several privileges, which King Charles II.
confirmed the following year by letters patent, wherein are recited the
privileges granted in the former charter, with the addition of several
new ones, viz.
That they might erect an hospital within the city or liberties of London
and Westminster, to be called, _The Scots hospital of King Charles II._
to be governed by eight Scotsmen, who were to chuse from among
themselves a Master, who, together with these Governors, were declared
to be a body politic and corporate, and to have a common seal. They were
also impowered to elect thirty-three Assistants, and to purchase in
mortmain 400_l._ _per annum_, over and above an annual sum mentioned in
the first charter; the profits arising from these purchases to be
employed in relieving poor old Scots men and women, and instructing and
employing poor Scottish orphans, the descendants of Scotsmen within this
city.
This humane foundation had however like to have been crushed in its bud
by two very dreadful events, the plague, and the fire of London; which
happened in the very years when the charters were granted. However,
those who had the direction of the work began in the year 1670 to
prosecute it with vigour; and found themselves not only in a condition
to provide for their poor, but took a lease of a piece of ground in
Black Friars, to build upon, for the term of a thousand years, at a
ground-rent of 40_l._ and by charitable contributions were enabled to
erect their hall, with two houses at Fleetditch, and four in Black
Friars, which were soon after finished at the expence of 4450_l._
All matters relating to the corporation are managed by the Governors
without fee or reward; for they not only, upon all such occasions, spend
their own money, but contribute quarterly for the support of the
society, and the relief of the poor; they provide for the sick; to the
reduced and aged they grant pensions; they bury the dead, and give money
to such as are disposed to return to Scotland. The sums disbursed by the
society amount to about 600_l._ _per annum_.
The officers belonging to this corporation are, a Treasurer, a Register,
two Stewards, and a Beadle.
SCOT’S _wharf_, White Friars, Fleet street.†
SCOT’S _yard_, 1. Bush lane.† 2. Mill bank, Westminster.† 3. Montague
street, Spitalfields.† 4. Stony lane, Southwark.† 5. Whitecross street.†
SCRIVENERS, a fraternity anciently denominated The Writers of the court
letter of the city of London, was incorporated by letters patent granted
by King James I. in the year 1616, by the name of _The Master, Wardens,
and Assistants of the Society of Writers of the city of London_.
This company is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and twenty-four
Assistants, with fifty-three livery-men, who upon their admission pay a
fine of 5_l._
The company of Scriveners being reduced to low circumstances, thought
proper to sell their hall in Noble street to the Coachmakers company.
SCROOP’S _court_, Holborn. In this court anciently stood one of the Inns
of court called Scroop’s Inn.
SCRUB’S _square_, Upper Ground, Southwark.
SEA _alley_, King street, Westminster.
_The Office for the relief of_ SEA OFFICERS WIDOWS. The Lords of the
Admiralty having taken into consideration, the unhappy condition to
which the widows of many of the officers of the navy were reduced by the
death of their husbands, proposed both to the commissioned and half-pay
officers of the navy, to enter into a voluntary agreement, to grant
three pence in the pound out of their pay, towards establishing a fund
for allowing pensions to such of their widows as are left in mean
circumstances.