Avery-hatch
Barking
Bednal green
Bishops-hall
Bow
Bromley in Middlesex
Bush-hall
Cambridge heath
Chigwel
Chigwel row
Dalston
Edmonton
Green-man
Green-street
Hackney
Hagerstone
Ham East and West
Hoxton
Jenkins
Ilford
Kingsland
Layton-stone
Loughton-hall
Low-layton
Locksford
Mile-end
Newington green
Newington stoke
Oldford
Palmer’s green
Plaistow in Essex
Rippleside
Ruckfolds
Southgate
Stepney
Stratford
Tottenham
Tottenham High cross
Valentines
Upton
Walthamstow
Wansted
Winchmore hill
Woodford
Woodford row, and bridge
St. Paul’s office is kept in Queen’s head alley, in Pater noster row,
which collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters to and from the
following and adjacent places, besides what it delivers within its
proper district in London.
Black-mary’s hole
Boarded river
Cambray house
Cold bath
Copenhagen
Frog lane
Holloway, Upper and Lower
Islington
Mountmill
Sir John Oldcastle’s
Torrington lane
Wood’s close
The Temple office is kept in Chichester’s rents in Chancery lane, which
collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters and parcels to and from
the following and adjacent places, besides what it delivers within its
own proper district in town.
Battle bridge
Bone gate
Brill
Cole harbour
Coney hatch
East Barnet
Finchley
Frog lane
Hampstead
Highgate
Hornsey
Kentish town
Mussel hill
Pancras
Pinder of Wakefield
South green
Totteridge
Whetstone
Wood green
Westminster office is kept in Pump court near Charing cross, which
collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters and parcels to and from
the following and adjacent places, besides what it delivers within its
own proper district in town.
Abery farm
Acton, East and West
Acton wells
Barry’s walk
Base watering
Black lands
Bloody bridge
Bluncoat lane
Bollow lane
Boston house
Brentford Old & New
Brentford end
Brent’s cow house
Bride lane house
Brook green
Broom houses
Brompton park
Burrows
Castle-bear
Chelsea, Great and Little
Chelsea college
—— common
—— fields
Child’s hill
Chiswick
Corney house
Counters bridge
Cow house farm
Crab tree house
Dowel street
Daws lane
Dollars hill
Ealing, Great & Little
Ealing lane
Earl’s court
Foordhook
Frog lane
Fryars place
Fulham
Fulham fields
Gaggle goose green
Great and Little Holland house
Gibb’s green
Grain house
Green man, in Uxbridge road
Gunnersbury
Gutters hedge
Hammersmith
Hanger end
Hanger lane
Haven
Hendon
Hide
Hog lane
Holsdon green
Hoywood hill
Hudicon fields
Kensington
Kensington gravel pits
Kilborn
Knightsbridge
Laurence street
Leasing green
Lime kilns
London stile
Lord Mayor’s Banqueting house
Maddox lane
Mary bone, and Park
Masha Mapes, and Masha Brands
Mill hill
Neathouses
Neesdon
Noman’s lands
North end
North highway
Notting hills
Paddington
Paddington green
Paddingwick green
Page’s street
Parson’s green
Pimlico
Purser’s cross
Sandy end
Shepherd’s bush
Shevrick green
Shoot-up hill
Sion hill
Sion house
Sion lane
St. John’s wood
Stanford brook
Starch green
Strand on the green
Sutton court, and Little Sutton
Tottenham court
Turnham green
Tyburn road, and house
Waltham green
Wemley
Wemley green
Westburn green
Westfield
West end
Wilsdon green
Windmill lane
Southwark office is kept in Green dragon court, near St. Mary Overy’s
church, which collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters and
parcels to and from the following and adjacent places, besides what it
delivers within its own proper district in Southwark and London.
Balam
Barn-elms
Barnstown
Battersea
Battersea reys
Blackheath
Bristow causeway
Brockly, Upper and Lower
Burntash
Camberwell
Charlton
Clapham, and Common
Coleharbour
Deptford, Upper and Lower
Dulwich, and common
East and West Sheen
Eltham
Gammon hill
Garret’s green
Greenwich
Grove street
Ireland green
Kennington
Kew
Kew green
Knights hill
Lambeth
Lambeth marsh
Lee
Lewisham
Limekilns
Longbarn
Longhedge
Loughberry house
Martin abbey and mills
March gate
Mitcham
Mortlack
Morder
Mottingham
New cross
Newington butts
Nine elms
Norwood
Peckham town, and Rye
Pigs march
Plumstead
Putney green
Putney heath
Red-house
Rickle-marsh
Roehampton
Rotherhithe
Sidnam
South Lambeth
Stockwell
Stretham
Tooting, Upper and Lower
Vauxhall
Walworth
Wandsworth, and Common
Wimbleton
Woolwich
Hermitage office is kept in Queen street on Little Tower hill, which
collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters and parcels to and from
the following and adjacent places, besides what it delivers within its
own proper district in town.
Blackwall
Isle of Dogs
King David’s fort
Lime hole
Limehouse
Poplar
Ratcliff
Stepney causeway
Several of the country messengers, and others for remote places, going
on their walks by six o’clock in the morning, letters and parcels ought
to be put in at the receiving houses before six o’clock over-night;
otherwise a whole day may be lost in the delivery: but letters for
places that are nearer, are generally collected and delivered two or
three times a day.
All general post letters, both foreign and domestic, directed to the
places above mentioned, not being post towns, are conveyed from the
aforesaid offices every day at twelve o’clock; and answers being put
into the receiving houses in the country towns, will next night be
safely carried to the General Post office, by the officers appointed for
that purpose.
PENSIONERS _alley_, King street, Westminster.
PEPPER _alley_, 1. by the Bridge Foot, in the Borough. 2. Down’s street,
Hyde Park road. 3. Goswell street.
PEPPER _alley stairs_, the next stairs above the bridge, in Southwark.
PEPPER _street_, Duke street, in the Mint.
PERKIN’S _rents_, Peter street, Soho.†
PERKIN’S _yard_, Blackman street.†
PERRIWINKLE _street_, Ratcliff cross.
PERSTON’S _yard_, in the Minories.†
PESTHOUSE _fields_, by Pesthouse row, Old street.
PESTHOUSE _row_, adjoining to the French hospital in Old street. Here
stood, till the year 1737, the city Pesthouse, which consisted of
several tenements, and was erected as a Lazaretto for the reception of
distressed and miserable objects, infected by the dreadful plague in the
year 1665. _Maitland._
PETER AND KEYS _court_, Peter lane, Cow cross, Smithfield.*
PETERBOROUGH _court_, Fleet street.
_St._ PETER AD VINCULA, situated to the north west corner of
Northumberland walk, at the end of the new armoury, in the Tower; was
founded by King Edward III. and dedicated by the name of _St. Peter in
Chains_, or St. Peter ad Vincula. This is a plain Gothic building void
of all ornament, sixty-six feet in length, fifty-four in breadth, and
twenty-four feet high from the floor to the roof. The walls, which have
Gothic windows, are strengthened at the corners with rustic, and crowned
with a plain blocking course. The tower is plain, and is crowned with a
turret.
The living is a rectory in the gift of the King, valued at about 60_l._
a year. The Rector, as Minister of the Tower garrison, is paid by his
Majesty; and the living is exempt from archiepiscopal jurisdiction.
Among the several monuments in this church is a grave stone, under which
lies buried Mr. James Whittaker, his wife and children; and upon that
stone are the following lines.
See how the just, the virtuous, and the strong,
The beautiful, the innocent, the young,
Here in promiscuous dust, together lie.
Reflect on this, depart, and learn to die.
In this church lie the ashes of many noble, and some royal personages,
executed either in the Tower, or on the hill, and deposited here in
obscurity; particularly,
George Bullen, Lord Rochford, who was beheaded on Tower hill on the 17th
of May, 1536.
Anne Bullen, wife to King Henry VIII. beheaded two days after, on a
scaffold erected on the green, within the Tower.
Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, who from a blacksmith’s son at Putney,
became the favourite of Henry VIII. and one of the most zealous
promoters of the reformation from popery; but was beheaded on Tower hill
in the year 1540.
Catharine Howard, the fifth wife of King Henry VIII. beheaded on Tower
hill on the 13th of February, 1541.
Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, beheaded on Tower hill, on the 24th of
June, 1552.
John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, who lost his head at the same
place, on the 22d of Aug. 1553.
Under the communion table, lies the body of James Duke of Monmouth, the
natural son of King Charles II. beheaded for asserting his right to the
crown, in opposition to James II. on the 15th of July, 1683.
_St._ PETER’S _alley_, by St. Peter’s church, Cornhill.
_St._ PETER’S _Cheap_, a church, which stood at the corner of Wood street
Cheapside, in Faringdon ward within, but being destroyed by the fire of
London in 1666, the parish was united to St. Matthew, Friday street.
_St._ PETER’S _Cornhill_, a plain neat church, near the south east corner
of Cornhill, in the ward of that name. There has been many ages a church
in the same place, under the patronage of the same apostle: but the last
edifice was destroyed by the fire of London, and this substantial
structure rose in its place. The body is eighty feet long, and
forty-seven broad; it is forty feet high to the roof, and the height of
the steeple is an hundred and forty feet. The body is plain, and
enlightened by a single series of windows. The tower, which is also
plain, has a small window in each stage, and the dome which supports the
spire is of the lantern kind; this spire, which is well proportioned, is
crowned by a ball, whence rises the fane, in the form of a key.
The patronage of this rectory is in the Lord Mayor and Commonalty of
this city. The Rector receives, besides other profits, 120_l._ a year by
glebe, and 110_l._ a year in lieu of tithes.
_St._ PETER LE POOR, on the west side of Broad street, in the ward of that
name, is supposed by Maitland, to have received its additional epithet
_le Poor_, from the mean condition of the parish in ancient times: tho’
it is now extremely wealthy, it being inhabited by a great number of
merchants, and other persons of distinction.
Others imagine that it was called le Poor, from the neighbouring friary
of St. Austin, where reigned an affected poverty. A church stood upon
the same spot before the year 1181, and the present edifice which
escaped the fire in 1666, is supposed to have been built about the year
1540.
This Gothic structure, instead of being an ornament to the street in
which it is placed, as all public buildings ought to be, is a very great
deformity; the building itself is mean, one of its corners being thrust
as it were into the street, renders it narrow, obstructs the passage,
and destroys the vista. This structure is of very considerable breadth
in proportion to its length; it being fifty-four feet long, and
fifty-one broad: the height to the roof is twenty-three feet, and that
of the tower and turret seventy-five. The body is plain and
unornamented; the windows are very large; and the dial is fixed to a
beam that is joined on one end to a kind of turret, and extends like a
country sign post, across the street; a very rude and aukward
contrivance. The tower, which rises square, without diminution, is
strengthened at the corners with rustic; upon this is placed a turret,
which consists of strong piers at the corners arched over, and covered
with an open dome, whence rises a ball and fane.
The advowson of this church appears to have been all along in the Dean
and Chapter of St. Paul’s. The tithes at present amount to 130_l._ a
year; and the other profits by annual donations settled upon the Rector,
amount to about as much more.
PETER’S _court_, 1. Ironmonger row. 2. St. Martin’s lane, Charing cross.
3. Peter lane. 4. Rosemary lane.
PETER’S _hill_, 1. Knightrider street. 2. Saffron hill.
_St._ PETER’S _hill_, Thames street, so called from the following church.
PETER’S KEY _alley_, Cow cross, Smithfield.
PETER’S _lane_, St. John street, Smithfield.
_St._ PETER’S _Paul’s wharf_, stood at the south east corner of St.
Peter’s hill, in Thames street, in Queenhithe ward, and was anciently
denominated St. _Peter’s Parva_, or _the Little_, from its small
dimensions. This church being destroyed with most of the others, by the
fire of London, and not rebuilt, its parish is annexed to the church of
St. Bennet Paul’s wharf.
PETER’S _street_, 1. Bandy leg walk, Deadman’s place. 2. Bloomsbury. 3.
Halfmoon alley, Bishopsgate street. 4. In the Mint. 5. Stratton’s
ground, Westminster. 6. Turnmill street, Cow cross. 7. Vere street,
Claremarket. 8. Soho. 9. Westminster.
_St._ PETER’S _Westminster_. See the article ABBEY _Church of
Westminster_.
_St._ PETER’S _yard_, 1. Deadman’s place, Southwark. 2. In the Minories.
PETERSHAM, a small village in Surry, near the New Park, and a little to
the south of Richmond hill. Here stood a delightful seat built by the
late Earl of Rochester, Lord High Treasurer in the reign of King James
II. This fine house was burnt down in the year 1720, so suddenly that
the family, who were all at home, had scarcely time to save their lives.
Nor was the house, tho’ exquisitely finished both within and without,
the greatest loss sustained; the noble furniture, the curious collection
of paintings, and the inestimable library of the first Earl of
Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, and author of the History of
the Rebellion, were wholly consumed; and among other valuable pieces,
several manuscripts relating to those times, and to the transactions in
which the King his Master, and himself were engaged both at home and
abroad; besides other curious collections made by that noble Author in
foreign countries.
On the ground where his house stood, the Earl of Harrington erected
another, after one of the Earl of Burlington’s designs. The front next
the court is very plain, and the entrance to the house not very
extraordinary: but the south front next the garden, is bold and regular,
and the apartments on that side, chiefly designed for state, are
extremely elegant.
The gardens were before crowded with plantations near the house; but
they are now laid open in lawns of grass: the kitchen garden, before
situated on the east side of the house, is removed out of sight, and the
ground converted to an open slope of grass, leading up to a terrace of
great length; from which is a prospect of the river Thames, the town of
Twickenham, and of all the fine seats round that part of the country. On
the other side of the terrace, is a plantation on a rising ground; and
on the summit of the hill is a fine pleasure house, which on every side
commands a prospect of the country for many miles.
PETTICOAT _lane_, extends from Whitechapel into Spitalfields. On both
sides of this lane were anciently hedges, and rows of elm trees, and the
pleasantness of the neighbouring fields induced several gentlemen to
build their houses here, among whom was the Spanish ambassador, whom
Strype supposes to be Gondomar: but at length many French refugees
settling in that part of the lane near Spitalfields in order to follow
their trades, which in general was weaving of silk, it soon became a row
of contiguous buildings. This lane is very long and very disagreeable,
both on account of its nastiness and offensive smells, it being the
chief residence of the horners, who prepare horns for other petty
manufacturers.
PETTICOAT _square_, Petticoat lane.
PETTY BAG OFFICE, next the Rolls chapel, Chancery lane. The clerks in this
office, who are three in number, are under the Master of the Rolls, and
make all patents for customers, comptrollers, and _congé d’elires_: they
also summon the Nobility, Clergy, Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses to
parliament, &c. This office takes its name from each record being there
put into a little bag.
PETTY CANONS _of St. Paul’s_. See the article Canons.
PETTY CANONS _alley_, St. Paul’s Church yard.
PETTY FRANCE, Tothill street, Westminster; thus named from its being at
first inhabited by the people of that nation.
PETTY FRANCE _alley_, Old Bethlem; so called from Petty France there, now
called New Broad street, which was originally inhabited chiefly by the
French.
PETTY WALES _yard_, Halfmoon alley.
PETTY’S _court_, Hanoway street, Tottenham court road.†
PEWTERERS, a company incorporated by letters patent, granted by King
Edward IV. in 1474.
In the year 1534, the Wardens of the Pewterers company, or their
deputies, were impowered by act of parliament to have the inspection of
pewter in all parts of the kingdom, in order to prevent the sale of the
base pewter, and the importation of pewter vessels from abroad. As a
farther encouragement, all Englishmen are by that act strictly enjoined,
not to repair to any foreign country to teach the art or mystery of
pewterers, on pain of disfranchisement: and for the more effectually
preventing the art being carried abroad, no Pewterer is to take the son
of an alien as an apprentice.
This corporation has a Master, two Wardens, twenty-eight Assistants, and
seventy-eight Liverymen, who on their admission pay 20_l._
Their hall is in Lime street, almost facing the west end of Cullum
street.
PEWTER PLATTER _alley_, Grace church street.*
PHEASANT _court_, Cow lane, Snow hill.*
PHEASANT COCK _court_, Angel alley, Houndsditch.*
PHENIX _alley_, Long Acre.*
PHENIX _court_, 1. Butcher row.* 2. High Holborn.* 3. Newgate street.* 4.
Old Change, Cheapside.*
PHENIX _street_, 1. Dyot street, St. Giles’s.* 2. Hog lane, St. Giles’s.*
3. Monmouth street, Spitalfields.*
PHENIX _yard_, Oxford street.*
PHILIP _lane_, London wall.*
PHILIP’S _court_, Grub street.†
PHILIP’S _rents_, 1. Lincoln’s Inn Fields.† 2. Maze pond street,
Southwark.†
PHILIP’S _yard_, Still alley, Houndsditch.†
PHILPOT _lane_, Fenchurch street.†
PHIPS’S _alley_, Shoreditch.†
PHYSICIANS. There was no legal restraint on the practice of physic, till
the third year of King Henry VIII. when it was enacted that none should
practise physic or surgery within the city of London, of seven miles
round, unless he were first examined, and approved by the Bishop of
London, or the Dean of St. Paul’s, (who should call to his assistance
four Doctors of physic, and for surgery, other expert persons in that
faculty) upon pain of forfeiting 5_l._ for every month such persons
should practise physic or surgery, without being thus admitted.
Seven years after this law, the Physicians were incorporated into a
college or society; allowed a common seal, and the power of annually
chusing a President, to govern all of that faculty: they were permitted
to purchase lands and tenements, and to make statutes and ordinances for
the government and correction of the college, and of all persons
practising physic within seven miles of the city: it was also enacted
that none, either within the city, or that compass, should practise,
unless first allowed by the President and the Fellows, upon pain of
forfeiting 5_l._ for every month: that four persons be chosen annually
for the examination and government of all the Physicians of the city,
and suburbs within seven miles round, and to punish them for their
offences in not performing, making, and neglecting their medicines and
receipts, by fines and imprisonments: and that neither the President,
nor any of the members of the college, should be summoned upon juries,
&c.
At their first institution there were but thirty Fellows belonging to
the college; but at their request, King Charles II. augmented their
number to forty; and King James II. considering the great increase of
this city in its buildings and inhabitants, was pleased to increase the
number to eighty, which they were not to exceed. Before this last
charter, none could be admitted a Fellow of the college, if he had not
taken his degree of Doctor in one of the universities; but now all who
have taken their degree in any foreign university, are qualified to
become Fellows.
The college has still great power in obstructing the practise of those
who are not of their body; yet by connivance or favour, others practise
physic; tho’ by law, if any one not so qualified, undertakes a cure, and
his patient dies under his hand, he is deemed guilty of felony.
To this college belong a President, four Censors, and twelve Electors.
The President is the principal member, and is annually chosen out of the
society.
The four Censors have, by charter, authority to survey, correct and
govern all Physicians, or others, that shall practise within their
jurisdiction, and to fine and imprison for offences as they shall see
cause. They may convene any Physician or practitioner before them, and
examine him concerning his skill in physic, and if he does not appear to
their summons, or upon his appearance refuses to answer, he may be fined
for every default, any sum not exceeding forty shillings; or if any
administer unwholsome and noxious medicines, he may be fined according
to discretion, net exceeding 10_l._ or imprisoned, not exceeding
fourteen days, unless for nonpayment of the fine, when it shall be
lawful to detain him in prison until it be paid.
_College of_ PHYSICIANS. This society had their first college in
Knightrider street, which was the gift of Dr. Linacre, Physician to King
Henry VIII. from whence they afterwards removed to Amen Corner, where
they had purchased an house. Here the great Dr. Harvey, who immortalized
his name by discovering the circulation of the blood, built them a
library and public hall in the year 1652, which he granted for ever to
the college, with his library, and endowed it with his estate, which he
resigned to them while living, assigning a part of it for an anniversary
oration, in commemoration of their benefactors, and to promote a spirit
of emulation in succeeding generations. However, this edifice being
consumed by the fire of London, and the ground being only upon lease,
the Fellows erected the present structure.
[Illustration:
_College of Physicians._
_S. Wale delin._ _J. Taylor sc._
]
The College of Physicians is a very noble edifice, situated near the
north west corner of Warwick lane. It is built with brick and stone.
The entrance, which is grand, is under an octangular theatre, finishing
in a dome, with a cone on the top, making a lantern to it. The inside is
elegant, finely enlightened and very capacious. This was built by Sir
Christopher Wren. The arches represented in the print are under the
theatre thro’ which you enter the area. The central building, which is
well worthy of observation, is the design of Inigo Jones, and contains
the library and other rooms of state and convenience. The ascent to the
door is by a flight of steps, and in the under part is a basement story.
The whole front is decorated with pilasters of the Ionic and Corinthian
orders; and on one side over the door case, is the statue of King
Charles II. placed in a niche, and in the other side that of Sir John
Cutler. The buildings at the two sides of the court are uniform, and
have the window cases handsomely ornamented. The orders are well
executed, and the whole edifice both beautiful and commodious.
The College of Physicians is a building of great delicacy, and eminently
deserves to be considered among the noblest ornaments of this city, is
yet so unlucky in its situation, in a narrow and dirty part of the lane,
that it can never be seen to advantage.
There is here a hall, in which the Physicians sit to give advice to the
poor gratis; a committee room; a library, furnished with books by Sir
Theodore Mayerne and the Marquis of Dorchester, who was one of the
Fellows; a great hall for the quarterly meetings of the Doctors, adorned
with pictures and sculpture; a theatre for anatomical dissection; a
preparing room, where there are thirteen tables, containing all the
muscles in the human body; and over all garrets to dry the herbs for the
use of the dispensatory.
PICCADILLY, Haymarket. There were formerly no houses in this street, and
only one shop for Spanish ruffs, which was called the Piccadilly or Ruff
shop. At present there are several noble houses in it. See DEVONSHIRE
HOUSE, BURLINGTON HOUSE. The last house built in Piccadilly is the Earl
of Egremont’s. It is of stone, and tho’ not much adorned, is elegant and
well situated for a town house, having a fine view over the Green Park,
which would be still more extended if the houses on each side were set
farther back.
PICKAX _street_, Aldersgate street.
PICKERING’S _court_, St. James’s street.†
PICKLEHERRING _stairs_, Pickleherring street, Southwark.