This is perhaps the greatest of all. It is the American missionary
work in Armenia. It was in 1831 that the American Board of Foreign
Missions established the first Protestant mission there. Their purpose
was to send missionaries, not simply to the Armenians, but to all
classes and sects in Turkey. Those pioneer American missionaries were
among the noblest of men, and greatest of teachers, preachers, and
organizers. I will name a few: Dr. Goodell, Dr. Dwight, Dr. Schaffler,
Dr. Cyrus Hamlin, founder of Robert College, living now at Lexington,
Mass., 86 years old, one of the greatest missionaries ever born,
Dr. H. Van Lennep, another great missionary, greatly beloved by
the Armenians. Books could be written about these Christian chiefs,
to whom, and to the American people who sent them, we Armenians are
grateful. When Dr. Van Lennep died at Great Barrington, Mass., about
six years ago, the author was raising money here to build a church
in Armenia, as already told. He went to condole with Mrs. Van Lennep,
and told her not to put any monument over the doctor's grave. He would
see the other Armenians, and as a grateful people they would erect
him a beautiful one. He kept his word, and his faith was justified;
they raised the funds and put up the monument. It stands in the
cemetery at Great Barrington, with the following inscription:--
Henry John Van Lennep, D.D.
1815-1889.
For Thirty Years Missionary in Turkey.
This monument is erected by his Armenian friends
in grateful appreciation of his heroic virtues,
and endearing services rendered to their people.
The beloved Missionary
Van Lennep.
When the noble missionaries went to Turkey, the Turks hated them, the
Jews hated them, the Greeks hated them, and these three peoples hate
them still. But the Armenians welcomed them; they loved and esteemed
them, and they love and esteem them more than ever now. The question
is often asked "Are not the Armenians a Christian people? Then why
did the missionaries go there?" Yes, they are; but still they needed
the missionaries, and need them now more than ever. Why? Well, for
two reasons. Their churches and schools having been destroyed by
the long oppression by the Turks, they needed help from a sister
Christian church to help them educate themselves, and build up
churches, schools, and colleges, benevolent institutions, printing
offices. The missionaries have done that great work in Armenia, but
I am sorry to say that some of their creations have been destroyed
by the Turks during the recent atrocities.
The second reason is that the Armenian church stood in great need of
reformation. I have already explained in this book (see "The Armenian
Church") how in the last desperate struggle for national existence,
a part of the people reluctantly accepted help from the Pope of
Rome, at the price of uniting with the Roman church, and using its
rituals, images, etc. Hence, in many of the Armenian churches there
was no pure gospel preaching; rituals were the leading element of the
services. There was therefore great need that such preaching should be
introduced; the missionaries did so, and the Armenian church has been
greatly reformed. My purpose here is not to write a church history,
nor to give an account of missionary work in Turkey. I mention it
incidentally as a chief cause of the atrocities.
The missionaries have trained both boys and girls in their schools
for sixty-five years now; many thousands of them. The Turks have
not been permitted to go to them, the Greeks are too proud to
send their children, but the Armenians were hungry for education,
especially for an American education. The new-born baby of the time
when the missionaries arrived is now sixty-five years old, with his
American education, which has wonderfully elevated the Armenians,
and turned Armenia almost into a second America, educationally. The
American colleges in different parts of Turkey are great centers
of light; about ninety per cent. of the students and the leading
native professors and teachers are Armenians. I will mention a few:
Robert College and the Woman's College in Constantinople; the Ladies'
Seminary in Smyrna; Anatolia College, the Ladies' Seminary, and the
Theological Seminary in Marsovan; the writer's pastorate, Central
Turkey College and the Ladies' College at Aintab, Euphrates College
(first called Armenia College, but the name is forbidden by the Turks,
as encouraging Armenian independence) and the Ladies' Department at
Harpoot; the Academy and the Theological Seminary at Marash, where I
studied three years; the colleges both for girls and boys at Beirut;
and many high schools and primary schools throughout Armenia. The
American Bible House is a great depot of Christian literature. These
are all American Christian institutions, and nine-tenths of their
inmates are Armenians.
The reader can clearly see how the Armenians have become a wholly new
race; they have had the advantage of American education, and it has
revolutionized the nation. It has elevated, refined, and prospered
them. This great improvement among the Armenians aroused the jealousy
of the Sultan and his underlings. He first began to close the schools;
then to imprison the native Armenian teachers and preachers; then to
kill the Armenians and destroy the missionary institutions, that no
Armenian may be left to go to any American school, and that if any
escapes, there may be no American school to receive him. I consider
this missionary education the very greatest cause for the atrocities,
and the Armenian bishops agree with me. Here is what the Armenian
bishop of Oorfa (Edessa), where about 8,000 Armenians were massacred,
has to say:
TO THE AMERICANS. March 12, 1896.
"We have been strenuously opposed to your mission work among us,
but these bloody days have proven that some of our Protestant
brothers have been staunch defenders of our honor and faith. You
at least know that our crime, in the eyes of the Turk, has been
that we have adopted the civilization you commended. Behold
the missions and schools which you planted among us, and which
cost millions of dollars, and hundreds of precious lives, now in
ruins. The Turk is planning to rid himself of missionaries and
teachers by leaving them nobody to labor among."
It is very significant that wherever there was a missionary
institution, and especially a missionary Theological Seminary to
train Armenian ministers, there has been the greatest atrocity. This
shows how the Sultan hates Americans, and American education. There
are nearly two hundred American male and female missionaries in
Turkey. They are in great danger. The Turks have determined to kill
them, and the Sultan can no longer control them, for he gave the
order and put the sword into their hands. The Kurds and the Turks
say, "The missionaries have better things than the Armenians had. We
killed the Armenians and got their valuables, and we enjoy them. We
are richer now, and we did not work for it; we did not waste time in
hard labor; the only thing we had to do was to obey the Sultan and
kill the Armenians and get their property. Why not kill the Americans
and get richer?" Reader, keep in your mind that the Turks will kill
the missionaries also. The horrible time is coming, in spite of what
your minister to Turkey says, and partly because he believes Turkish
lies, and says there was no need of sending missionaries there.
Another point worthy of consideration is this: Russia and Turkey made
an alliance. Russia is as much opposed to the missionaries as Turkey
is, and perhaps the Czar is secretly encouraging the Sultan to get
rid of them. Undoubtedly Russia is trying to get rid of Protestant
influence in Turkey, and therefore sacrifices the old Protestant
Armenian nation to Turkey. In my belief, the time is coming when
the Protestant nations will unite and protest practically against
the outrages of Turkey and Russia. They have no right to persecute
Turks or Russians, but they have a perfect right to protect an old
Protestant church and the American missionaries. No matter how much
it costs, it pays to protect them, and, pay or no pay, it is the duty
of America and England to unite and protect them. And if England and
America should really unite, Turkey and Russia will yield. I do not
at all concur with Americans who favor Russia and hate England. Lord
Salisbury is too timid to do it, but Lord Salisbury is not England. The
English people are a noble people, and if the American noble people
unite with them, they can accomplish a great work for God and humanity,
for peace and liberty, for freedom and happiness in Armenia.
As far as I can judge, the foregoing are the causes of the atrocities
in Armenia. Perhaps there may be other minor ones, but they are not
worthy of discussion.