Chapter VI. The remaining lines can then be reported as fixed by the_Mineral Survey Procedures Guide, 1980

selected method of restoration.

Intersections and areas of conflict should then be calculated by solving

triangles. Areas may be calculated using double meridian distances, but

intersections should never be calculated by forcing a closure.

Intersections may be checked by closure.

A special situation exists where a former survey excluded an unsurveyed

location from the patent and the unsurveyed location has subsequently

been abandoned. This area is designated as a tract and its boundaries

are determined from the prior survey. See Tract A of the Jim Dandy Lode

described in the specimen field notes and plat of the Manual of

Surveying Instructions.

Another use of a tract is for the purpose of excluding a small area

surrounding the discovery of another location not embraced in the

survey.

Intersections and areas of conflict with patented lands containing

mineral rights must also be calculated.

Supporting calculation sheets need not be furnished the Bureau of Land

Management but computer tapes, if available, will be helpful. The BLM

can perform the necessary checks by computer.

=5–9= Preliminary Plat: The mineral surveyor will find it advantageous

to prepare preliminary plats prior to writing the field notes. One plat

should provide the base and give all the details of the survey with

items of topography and culture secondary. This plat may be prepared in

pencil or ink at the option of the mineral surveyor. It should be such

that legible blue lines copies can be furnished to the Bureau of Land

Management along with the notes, and to the claimant. It should clearly

state that it is a PRELIMINARY PLAT SUBJECT TO CORRECTION. Some offices

of the Bureau of Land Management may request a reproducible copy.

Plats on linen are no longer required. A secondary plat showing the

topography and culture in detail will be an aid in writing field notes,

but is not required by the BLM.

If drill holes are part of the improvements and are too numerous to show

on the base plat, a separate plat is advisable.

=5–10= Field Notes: A detailed set of specimen field notes is contained

in the Manual of Surveying Instructions which should be followed for

form and content. There are, however, some inconsistencies: The title

page shown in the manual should not be used. Use current Form 3400–11,

as supplied by the Bureau of Land Management.

The locations should be listed in the same order that they are described

in the field notes, thereby serving as an index.

The field notes begin with a description of instruments and the mean

results of the solar or other azimuthal observations. The latitude and

longitude of the observing station is given. If this is not at a corner

of the survey, the latitude and longitude of the first corner described

should be given, thus:

At Cor. No. 1 of the Jim Dandy lode, identical with Cor. No.

1 of the Prince Lode of this survey, in latitude 38°45′ N,

and longitude 106°20′ W.

A description of the measuring devices follows the observation for

azimuth. If an electronic distance measuring device is used, the name

and serial number should be given. It should also be stated that it was

tested by measuring a known distance before and after the survey, and

found correct.

Corner markings as shown are acceptable for stone monuments or wood

posts. When a monument with a cap is used, the following marks would be

more suitable:

[Illustration]

The X has been omitted from the inscription on bearing trees which is

incorrect, unless the measurement was taken to the center of the tree.

It should be included, thus: JD–1–20220A XBT or JD–1–PRI–1–20220A XBT if

the full complement of marks are shown.

When giving intersections only the distance to the line being

intersected is given for claims of the survey as the distance to the

corner on the line being intersected will be given later in the notes

when that claim is described.

When the intersection is with a prior mineral survey or unsurveyed

location, the distance should be given to a corner within the claim, or

the same corner each time the line is intersected. See the intersection

of lines 2–3 and 3–4 of the Protector lode with Sur. No. 20100 Silver

lode.

Note that intersections are given to the nearest hundredth of a foot,

while distances to items of topography and culture are to the nearest

foot. Distances given in ties including bearing objects should be to the

hundredth of a foot.

The area statement should show all conflicts and be so arranged that any

exclusion may be made and the net area to be patented readily

obtainable. This can best be done by starting with the oldest survey and

progressing through the various conflicts, but this may not hold true if

a prior survey has not been patented. A copy of the preliminary plat may

be used to color the exclusions and make certain that all have been

properly stated.

Under the heading “LOCATION” it is important to state that the survey is

identical with the location as marked on the ground or to state the

differences. When describing corners, ties should be given to location

monuments when they are not identical. See the Prince Lode in the

specimen notes.

Only those improvements counting toward the $500 expenditure are to be

given under the heading “IMPROVEMENTS.” In such case, the discovery

working should be numbered one. If there is no discovery working, but a

discovery point is called for, it may be described and labeled No. 1.

Any improvements that do not count toward the patent expenditure or

those that have been made by others should be listed under “OTHER

IMPROVEMENTS.”

“OTHER CORNER DESCRIPTIONS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA” is a very important

part of the notes since it contains the report on prior surveys. Do not

report another mineral surveyor in error for minor discrepancies in

bearings and distances. The phrase, “substantially correct as approved”

may be used, or “approximately correct as approved.”

Under “MEMORANDUM” differences with the calls given in the location

certificate may be explained, as well as typographical errors in the

certificate.

Because of corrections that may be required by the Bureau of Land

Management it is well to prepare a preliminary draft of the notes for

submitting to the BLM. The final typing, in triplicate, can be

accomplished after all differences have been resolved.

=5–11= The field notes and preliminary plat should be sent to the State

Office of the Bureau of Land Management by either certified or

registered mail with a return receipt requested. A copy of the

preliminary plat may also be sent to the claimant with a copy of the

letter of transmittal to the BLM.

As a rule, the returns of mineral survey should remain confidential

until the survey is approved. The mineral surveyor should maintain this

confidence. If a demand is made of the Bureau of Land Management under

the Freedom of Information Act, then the preliminary nature of the work

should be clearly stated to the recipient.

Processing the Survey

=5–12= Preliminary Examination of Field Notes: The examination of the

survey may begin by reading the notes and comparing them with the

preliminary plat. As a general rule the mineral surveyor will write the

notes from the plat. If inconsistencies appear, they will usually be

typographical errors in the notes. However, this must be verified by the

mineral surveyor.

Particular attention should be given to the format as shown by the

specimen notes of the Manual of Surveying Instructions, 1973.

Corner descriptions must be proper and adequate. Ties should agree with

the preliminary plat. Discovery points must be on public domain.

By posting the mineral survey to the connecting sheet or similar plat

with a pencil, conflicts and other surveys within 100 feet may be

determined.

The names of the locations must agree with those given in the location

certificates. End lines must be parallel and the statutory length and

width cannot be exceeded. Improvements should be fairly valued; the

discovery point should agree with that given in the location

certificate; common improvements should be correctly described and all

claims benefiting therefrom should share equally. The geographic

position of one corner of the survey must be given. Under “LOCATION” the

correct section, township and range should be given.

It should be stated that the survey is identical with the location as

marked on the ground. If not identical, it should be so stated, and ties

to location monuments must be given.

The section corner tie may not exceed two miles from the nearest corner

of the survey. Intersections with the lode lines and distances along the

lode line to the discovery point must be given. (Exception: bedded

deposits.) The bearing of the lode line, if different from the side

lines, must be shown on the plat.

Reports on former surveys should be checked against the notes of these

surveys. The bearings and distances of lines of former surveys that are

wholly within the survey or a claim of the survey must be given.

The area statement should be reviewed to make certain that conflicts are

given in chronological order and that any exclusion or combination of

exclusions can be ascertained.

The magnetic declination must be given. The beginning and completion

dates of the survey must be given. The survey cannot begin prior to the

date of order.

=5–13= Calculations: Calculations may begin by computing the solar

observation; the declination should be verified, also the latitude and

longitude. The survey should close. Lode claims should have a perfect

closure; irregular claims such as placers should close within 0.5 feet

in 1,000 feet. The statutory length and width of lode claims may not be

exceeded. The width at right angles to the lode cannot exceed 300 feet

on either side. The section corner ties within the survey may be checked

by closure, using short ties between claims of the survey; each section

tie and short tie should be used in at least one closure. The closures

should not exceed 0.5 feet in 1,000 feet. (It may be necessary to report

the longer section ties to an even number of seconds such as 15″.)

The section corner ties should be checked against those given in

conflicting surveys using the short ties given to these claims along

with the reported boundaries. Such closures, depending on the length of

the ties, should not exceed 10 feet. If they do exceed this distance,

the correct tie should be given under “OTHER CORNER DESCRIPTIONS AND

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA” provided that the corner from which the tie was made

was recovered. If the corner was not found, the error cannot be

reported. The same applies to short ties between conflicting surveys,

but the allowable error should be within the 1:2000 limit. If more than

one section corner is tied, the bearing and distance along the section

line should be checked, reporting any appreciable difference under

“OTHER CORNER DESCRIPTIONS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA.”

The bearings and distances of intersections with lines of prior surveys

should be correctly stated. This may be verified by closure, but if a

closure of 1:2000 is not obtained, it will be necessary to calculate the

intersections by solving triangles, to determine where the error lies.

Such intersections should check with 0.2 feet.

From the intersections obtained, the areas of conflict should next be

calculated. If the final plat is drawn at a scale of 1″ = 200′,

conflicts with a conflict, i.e. double conflicts, may be checked by

dividing the area of conflict into triangles and scaling the base and

altitude. The mineral surveyor, however, must actually calculate these

areas. All areas should check within 0.02 acres.

=5–14= Platting Procedures: The lines of the survey are shown heavier

than those of former surveys so that the locations of the survey will

stand out.

All corners recovered or set are shown with a circle to distinguish them

from corners not found.

The lode line is shown as a broken line and if parallel to the side

lines, only the distance each way from the discovery point is shown; if

not parallel, then the bearing must also be shown. The bearings and

total distances of the lines of the survey are shown heavier than those

of conflicting surveys and intersections along such lines.

The names of the locations of the survey shall be shown in vertical

capital letters and be larger and heavier than those of conflicting

surveys, which shall be shown in upper and lower case.

Distances to intersections along the line of survey should be shown

before the intersection. Intersections with lines of prior surveys are

given preference over topographic items. Where space will not permit the

showing of a distance, it may be placed above a prior distance, with the

first distance shown next to the line.

Bearings of conflicting surveys are usually shown in the direction of

the line between corners as surveyed; i.e., from corner 1 to corner 2,

etc. Bearings and distances in all cases should be shown along the line

they pertain to. Bearings of ties should be shown in the direction from

the corner from which the tie was made. Ties will be shown with light

broken lines. If there is not room to place the bearing and distance

next to the line, it may be placed on an arrow.

All bearings and distances shall be in slant lettering. Witness corners

are shown with a circle and labeled W.C. Cor. No.——, provided they are

on a line of the survey. If not on line they are shown with a tie.

Surveyed section lines and surveyed subdivision of section lines are

shown by solid lines; unsurveyed lines are shown with a broken line.

Designation of subdivisions, Township and Range should be vertical

letters. The discovery workings and all other improvements are labeled;

they may be numbered to agree with the field notes. It is not necessary

to give a tie to the improvements, except a common improvement tunnel,

shaft, etc.

The title block shown on the specimen plat in the Manual of Surveying

Instructions should be closely followed. While the plat scale is usually

200 feet to an inch, it may be smaller to accommodate several claims,

provided the necessary data can be shown. Where more than one sheet is

necessary, only the final sheet need have a title block. All sheets

should carry the survey number and state that it is sheet No. —— of ——

sheets.

When the plat is finished it should be compared with the field notes.

This can be done by two people, one reading the notes and the other

following the plat; or two people can independently do the comparing. If

rough draft notes were submitted by the mineral surveyor, they should be

returned to him with the corrections for final typing, and execution of

the “Certificate of Surveyor,” current Form 3860–7.

The final typing will consist of the original set on current Form

9180–21, which is bound on the left, with two carbon copies on current

Form 9180–22, which is bound at the top; this may vary with state office

practice. (Xerox or similar copies are not acceptable.)

=5–15= Approval of Survey: The lower portion of current Form 3860–7,

“Certificate of Surveyor,” contains the certificate of approval to be

signed by an officer of the Bureau of Land Management. This may be the

State Director or he may delegate this authority to the Chief, Division

or Branch of Cadastral Surveys, for that state. He should also sign the

certificate of transcript for the two carbon copies.

Current Form 3860–8, certifying $500 expenditure, must also be executed

by the above authorized officer and attached to the copy of the field

notes that will be filed with the application for patent. If $500 has

not been expended, it is the claimant’s responsibility to complete the

work and have the certificate executed and filed with the BLM Branch of

Land and Minerals (land office) prior to the expiration of the period of

publication.

If the survey has been properly executed and shows the facts, the State

Director cannot refuse to approve the survey because he feels that the

claim is invalid. (See 57 I.D. 63, Raymond E. Johnson, 1939.)

The original field notes and plat are then placed in the open files of

the Bureau of Land Management. The location certificates are to be

included with the notes. The two transcripts of the field notes together

with two cloth backed copies, one of which has been waterproofed for

posting, and a plain paper copy of the plat, will then be furnished the

claimant. An additional copy for posting will be furnished if a mill

site is included in the survey.

One set of the notes and one copy of the plat will be used to support

the application for patent. Current Form 3860–4, is used to notify the

State Branch of Land and Minerals and the Director, Bureau of Land

Management, of the approval of the survey and includes a sketch of the

survey. This form is also used to notify the Regional Forester if the

survey is on a National Forest.

The mineral surveyor should be notified by letter of the approval of the

survey and he should be furnished a paper copy of the plat and requested

to examine it at his early convenience. (See appendix for copies of

forms.)

Departures from the Normal Procedure

=5–16= Cancellation of Surveys: A patented mineral survey may never be

cancelled. An unpatented mineral survey may be cancelled only after the

claim has been declared null and void or relinquished by the claimant;

then it need not be cancelled until it is necessary to do so to

accommodate an entry or administrative action. It can be cancelled only

by the officer of the Bureau of Land Management authorized to approve

mineral surveys.

In the past, claims could be declared null and void only after a

successful contest had been brought against the claim. After October 21,

1979, claims must be recorded with the Bureau of Land Management within

90 days of the location date or they will automatically be deemed to

have been abandoned and void.

The procedure is as follows: When the Chief, Branch of Cadastral Surveys

of the State Office is notified that a claim has been declared null and

void, a notation to that effect should be made on the plat of survey (or

if the plat is in the archives, it may be made on the card index). No

further action is necessary at this time; the survey is not cancelled.

Cancellation becomes necessary if an entry or administrative action,

including a survey or resurvey, involves the land embraced in the

mineral survey. Current Form 3860–4, Approval of Mineral Survey, may be

used to cancel the survey and to notify the Director of the Bureau of

Land Management and any other interested parties substituting the word

“cancelled” or “cancellation” for approval or it may be by memorandum.

Should a supplemental plat be required to lot the area embraced in the

survey, a certified set of the field notes of the survey and the mineral

survey plat should accompany the plat to Washington, as they do not have

the field notes of unpatented mineral surveys. The field notes of the

cancelled survey becomes the basis for the new lot designation. The

Director’s memoranda of July 14, 1958 and November 17, 1960, cover the

subject.

=5–17= Unapproved Survey: Occasionally an order for survey will be

cancelled and it is not known how far the mineral surveyor has proceeded

with the field work and what corners have been set and marked. In no

case should the corners be removed as they still serve as corners of the

location which may be perfectly valid. The survey number should not be

re-used inasmuch as it will serve to identify the corners on the ground.

=5–18= Additional Notes and Certificate on Plat: In the past, additional

notes were sometimes prepared from the existing record along with

amendment to the plat in red ink and accompanying certificate when there

was an omission of a conflict with an agricultural or other patent, a

pending entry or an adverse claim.

For example: A survey was approved without showing the conflict with a

legal subdivision that had been included in a preemption homestead. The

subdivision was protracted on the mineral survey plat from the township

survey, based on the section corner tie given in the mineral survey,

intersections given with the boundaries of the subdivision, and an area

of conflict calculated. All plats were recalled for the amendment. The

additional notes were written, in triplicate, by the cadastral surveyor,

to show only the lines of the mineral survey involved in the conflict,

giving the intersections. The area statement was rewritten to the extent

necessary to show the area of conflict.

The same procedure was followed if an adverse claim was to be excluded

on the basis of the description in its location certificate. Red ink was

used on the plats to distinguish the amendment, but black ink was used

if the certificate specifically stated the extent of the amendment.

Most offices now resolve the above situations solely through a

memorandum process.

=5–19= Amended Surveys and Amended Plats: This is occasioned by an error

in the original survey that is not discovered until after the survey is

approved, or for the same reasons listed in 5–18 above, where the

amendment cannot be made from the existing record and additional field

work is required. The claimant may also request an amended survey. The

claimant bears the cost. Example: In Survey No. 19202A-Am. Colorado, the

wrong claim was included in the survey. The correct claim was included

in the amended survey which covered the same ground.

=5–20= A new survey is required if the claim boundaries are changed by

amendment after the original survey is approved. Section 10–62, page 226

of the Manual of Surveying Instructions states: “An amended survey must

be made in strict conformity with, or be embraced within the lines of

the original survey.” A new survey is also required where the claim has

been abandoned and relocated by another.

=5–21= Expenditure of $500 After the Survey is Approved: Supplemental

notes based on a supplemental order for survey, either to the original

mineral surveyor or another mineral surveyor, must be submitted and

attached to the original field notes. The supplemental notes must

contain a full description of all improvements. If the additional

expenditure applies only to one claim of a group, only the expenditures

of that claim need to be recited. Current Form 3860–8, Certificate of

Expenditures, must be executed and attached to the claimant’s copy of

the notes for filing with the patent application.

=5–22= If patent is applied for long after the survey was approved, a

statement from the Chief, Branch of Cadastral Survey, will be required

by the Branch of Land and Minerals to the effect that the plat correctly

shows all conflicts, or listing the later surveys with which a conflict

exists.

If later surveys did not exclude the survey in question, the plat will

be returned by the Branch of Land and Minerals for amendment, and

amended notes will have to be written. If the applicant is not the same

as the claimant shown at the time of the survey, he is entitled to use

the survey provided he can show a chain of title. If he does not have

the necessary plats and notes, the Branch of Cadastral Survey will

supply him with the necessary copies. The claimant bears all costs.

=5–23= Occasions have arisen where a claim or survey excluded from the

patent is later abandoned. A supplemental application for patent may be

made for the excluded ground. The procedure to be followed is the same

as given in 5–22 above. Copies of the plats, including those for posting

and the notes must be furnished the applicant.

=5–24= Patent Applied for in Two Parts: When only a part of the claims

of a survey are applied for and patented, and later application for

patent is made for the remaining claims, a copy of the plat, or if the

plat is in more than one sheet, the sheets showing the claim, must be

posted, and a copy, together with a transcript of that portion of the

field notes pertaining to the claims, filed with the Branch of Lands and

Minerals at the time the supplemental application for patent is made. If

not all sheets of the plat are used, be sure that the ones used show all

ties and pertinent information.

CHAPTER VI

Resurveys

=6–1= Restoration of Lost Corners: There is no hard and fast rule for

establishing missing corners of mining claims. The method should be

selected that will give the best results, bearing in mind that end lines

should remain substantially parallel. Ordinarily, the mineral surveyor

should not remonument a restored corner; at least, it should not be done

without the full knowledge and approval of the owner. A cadastral

surveyor may remonument a corner if it is necessary to delineate the

boundary between public and private land. As with all lost corners, the

corner of a mineral survey should be reestablished from the best

available evidence and in such a configuration that will place the lines

as nearly as possible to their original position. The ties to bearing

trees and objects should be used first. In fact, if such accessories are

present the corner is not lost.

Second in order of preference is the use of short ties to or from

adjoining surveys. A word of caution in using other mineral survey ties:

In Colorado, and presumably in other states, there was a period where

the short ties to conflicting surveys were calculated through the

section corner tie. Such calculated ties should not be used. This period

is not exactly known, but it ran approximately from 1898 to April 28,

1904. If a report of other surveys was contained in the field notes, the

ties were not calculated. At the end of this period, it can be

determined if calculations were used. It is not so easy to distinguish

between the methods of survey at the beginning of the period since it

was not customary to report on other surveys. In any event, the short

tie should not be used unless the corner tied to (or from) is recovered.

If no corners can be found, the section corner tie may be used, but it

is the tie of last resort. In such cases, all lines are shown as

approved.

In Figure 7, several conditions are illustrated. In situation A, only

one corner is recovered, no other corners or accessories can be found

nor are there any short ties available. In the absence of further

collateral evidence, the three missing corners must be reestablished at

record bearings and distances from the recovered Corner No. 1.

In situation B, Corners Nos. 1 and 2 can be recovered. Lines 4–1 and 2–3

should be shown at the record distance, regardless of the length of line

1–2. The bearings of lines 4–1 and 2–3 may be the record bearing or at

the same variation from the record as line 1–2. If this was a

rectangular claim, then the bearing of the missing lines probably should

be at right angles to line 1–2, unless this would give a distorted

relationship between the claim and the workings on it, particularly the

discovery. Line 3–4 should be shown parallel and of equal length to line

1–2.

In situation C, Corners Nos. 1 and 4 are recovered. Line 2–3 should be

shown parallel and of equal length to line 4–1, if the record was such.

Lines 1–2 and 3–4 should be shown at the record distance, and at the

record bearing or with the same variance found for line 4–1.

In situation D two corners are again recovered, but they are opposite

corners, Nos. 1 and 3. Missing Corner Nos. 2 and 4 can be restored by

using the Grant Boundary method. See Section 5–44 of the Manual of

Surveying Instructions. They can also be shown at the record bearing and

distance from Cors. Nos. 1 and 3, using either the end lines or side

lines, with the resulting missing lines being the bearing and distance

required to close. The method selected should restore the lines in the

best relative position to the workings.

In situation E, three corners, 1, 2 and 4, are recovered. Line 2–3 is

shown parallel and of equal length to line 4–1. Line 3–4 is shown

parallel and of equal length to Line 1–2.

[Illustration:

FIG. 7

]

In restoring corners of irregular claims, such as metes and bounds

placers, the broken boundary (non-riparian) or the Grant Boundary method

should be used. It may also be applied to lode claims if the above

methods do not give adequate results.

In reestablishing corners of a block of claims, the rules of

proportionate measurement may be applied. In Figure 8, missing Corner

No. 2 of claims E, F, G and H can be restored by double proportion.

Missing Corner No. 1 of claims A and B may also be restored by double

proportion; since there is no corner beyond this corner, the record

distance from Corner No. 2 would have to be used in this direction.

Corner No. 1 might also be established at the record bearing and

distance from Corner No. 2, or lines 1–2 of claims A and B could be made

parallel and of equal length to line 3–4 of claim A. Since missing

Corner No. 3 of claims B and D is on an end line, single proportionate

measurement might be considered. See the Manual of Surveying

Instructions for proportionate methods, pp. 134–136.

=6–2= Township Resurveys with Mineral Surveys: Prior to field work, all

unpatented mineral surveys embracing claims that have been declared null

and void should be cancelled, leaving only valid existing claims and

patents to be segregated. Restoration of missing corners should only be

made where they are necessary to control the boundaries between private

and public land, including the boundaries between public land and

unpatented valid mineral surveys. Segregation surveys of unsurveyed

mining claims may be requested to accommodate administrative actions. If

possible, the owners of the mining claims should be advised of the

resurvey and given an opportunity to express their opinions as to the

position of missing corners.

=6–3= Mineral Segregation Surveys: Sections 7–39 to 7–44 inclusive, of

the Manual of Surveying Instructions adequately covers this subject.

Segregation surveys are not undertaken unless there is a need for them

arising from administrative action involving the adjoining land. Very

often it will be necessary to make the survey within the boundaries as

they are marked on the ground due to inaccuracies in the location

survey. The early township surveys in California often segregated

unsurveyed mining claims showing them on the township plats without

supporting field notes. Resurveys of such segregations may be required

based on the evidence found in the field.

=6–4= Supplemental Plats: When supplemental plats are required

segregating mineral surveys, all such surveys must be segregated. Again,

it is desirable that mineral surveys embracing invalid claims be

cancelled. The need to lot a cancelled mineral survey will also require

a supplemental plat.

=6–5= Correcting Errors in Patented Mineral Surveys: As a general rule,

the record of a patented mineral survey should not be changed or

amended. When such errors are discovered, a pencil notation on the index

card and/or on the field notes may be appropriate. Reported errors

generally stand on their own merit and are contained in the field notes

of the reporting survey.

[Illustration:

FIG. 8

]

GLOSSARY OF MINING TERMS

ADIT: a horizontal entry into a mine with one opening to the surface,

commonly and erroneously called a tunnel. (A tunnel is open at both

ends.)

ALLUVIUM: unconsolidated sedimentary deposit, e.g. stream bed of sand

and gravel.

ANTICLINE: a convex fold in sedimentary beds of rock (opposite:

syncline).

APEX: top of a vein or lode.

ASSAY: a test to determine the quantity of mineral in a given sample.

May be by a miniature smelting process in the laboratory, called a

fire assay; or by use of chemicals, called a chemical or wet assay.

BACK: the roof of a horizontal opening such as an adit, drift or

crosscut.

BONANZA: a rich body of ore.

BEDROCK: uppermost layer or segment (portion) of rock in place.

BREAST: the end, heading or working face of an adit, drift or

crosscut.

CHIMNEY: a vertical ore body, tubelike in shape.

CHUTE: (ore) chute for transferring broken rock in a mine; usually

from a stope to a haulage passage.

COBBING: hand sorting of ore.

COLLAR: top of a shaft or winze; the timbers or concrete at the upper

end.

COLOR: a particle of free gold.

CONCENTRATOR: a device for separating and concentrating mineral from

rock by mechanical means.

CONTACT: the meeting of two geologic formations.

CONTACT VEIN: a vein along the contact.

COUNTRY ROCK: rock surrounding a vein or lode, extending throughout

the area.

CRIBBING: a wall of light timbering between heavy supports at either

vertical or horizontal mine working.

CROSSCUT: a horizontal opening such as an adit driven across the vein

or ore body.

CUT: an open working driven into a hillside to expose underlying rock.

DIKE: a vertical or near vertical fissure filled with volcanic rock.

DIP: the vertical angle a vein or sedimentary bed makes with a

horizontal plane.

DRIFT: a horizontal opening (such as an adit) driven along the vein.

FACE: the last working end of an adit, drift, crosscut or cut (same as

breast).

FAULT: A dislocation along a crack in the earth’s surface (may be

horizontal, vertical or a combination of both); a failure along a

line of stress; usually associated with earthquakes, but movement

may be slow.

FISSURE: a crack in the earth’s surface; if filled with vein material

becomes a fissure vein.

FLOAT: a piece of ore detached from a vein or lode, lying loose, not

in place.

FLOOR: the lower surface of a mine working, i.e. the floor of a drift.

FLUME: a device for conveying water.

FOOT WALL: the lower side of an inclined vein in country rock.

GANGUE: the matrix of the ore composed of worthless material.

GLORY HOLE: a large funnel-shaped excavation extending to the surface,

the material being drawn from the bottom through a tunnel.

GRIZZLY: a grating, usually made up of mine rails, over an ore bin for

the purpose of diverting large rocks or boulders.

GRUB STAKE: financing a prospector to share in his findings.

HANGING WALL: the upper wall of an inclined or dipping vein.

HEADING: same as breast or face of a working.

HORSE: a mass of country rock found in an ore deposit.

INCLINE: a sloping shaft, drift, crosscut or tunnel.

LEAD: same as lode, (pronounced “leed”)

LEDGE: same as lode.

LEVEL: one of a series of drifts or crosscuts, one above the other, in

a mine.

LODE: a mineral deposit in place, including veins.

LODE LINE: presumed course of the vein or lode at the surface.

MATRIX: the worthless material in an ore deposit surrounding the

valuable minerals.

METALLURGY: the art of separating minerals from the gangue in ores;

also combining metals to form alloys.

MINE: an excavation for the purpose of extracting mineral.

MINERAL: an inorganic substance contained in the earth.

MUCK: broken rock in a mine.

OPEN CUT: a drift or crosscut that does not enter cover.

OPEN PIT: a large excavation beginning at the surface.

ORE: a mineral deposit that can be mined at a profit; includes the

mineral itself and the gangue.

OUTCROP: that portion of a mineral deposit appearing at the surface.

PLACER: a mineral deposit of unconsolidated particles.

QUARRY: similar to an open pit, usually applied to building stone.

RAISE: a vertical or inclined shaft driven upward from an underground

working.

REEF: Australian word for lode.

ROOF: the ceiling of a working, as the back of a drift.

ROYALTY: a percentage of the earnings or product paid an owner.

SHAFT: a vertical or inclined opening sunk from the surface to gain

access or to explore an orebody.

SHIFT: a period of working time.

SKIP: an ore bucket used to hoist ore and muck in a shaft.

SLUICE: a trough with riffles for separating placer gold.

SMELTING: the reduction of metals from the ore in a furnace.

STOPE: usually a room where the ore is mined.

STRIKE: the horizontal direction of a vein.

STULL: a timber in a mine, usually a post.

SUMP: a low place in a mine for collecting water, such as the bottom

of a shaft.

TAILINGS: the waste rock from a mine or mill.

TUNNEL: technically, a horizontal passageway open at both ends, but in

mining used to designate any horizontal passageway driven for the

development or discovery of an orebody.

VEIN: a fissure or crack in surrounding rock filled with mineral.

WINZE: a vertical or incline opening sunk from an underground mine

working; an underground shaft.

APPENDIX

[Illustration: APPENDIX #1]

Form 3400–6 UNITED STATES | FORM APPROVED

(October 1968) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR | BUDGET BUREAU NO. 42–R1373.1

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT |_____________________________

| Date

|_____________________________

APPLICATION FOR SURVEY OF MINING CLAIM |

| SEE INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE

_____________________________________________|_____________________________

1. Name of Applicant | Address (_include zip code_)

(_first, middle initial, last_)|

____________________________________|______________________________________

Hereby makes application for an official mineral survey of the mining

claims named and identified in this application

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Give group name (_if any_)

___________________________________________________________________________

3. NAME OF CLAIM(S)

___________________________________________________________________________

| DATE

|_________________________________________

| | | |

NAME OF LOCATION | LOCATED | RECORDED | AMENDED | AMENDED

| | | | RECORDING

_________________________________|_________|__________|_________|__________

| | | |

_________________________________|_________|__________|_________|__________

4. LOCATION OF CLAIM(S)

___________________________________________________________________________

| | |

Section | Township | Range | Meridian

| | |

________|__________|_______|_______________________________________________

| |

County | State | National Forest

| |

___________________|_______|_______________________________________________

5a. Is each claim based on a valid location and fully described in the

certified copy of the record of each location certificate filed with this

__ __

application? |__| Yes |__| No

b. Is each location distinctly marked by monuments on the ground and can

__ __

its boundaries be traced readily? |__| Yes |__| No

___________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX #1

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #2]

Form 3860–6 UNITED STATES | Place

(October 1976) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR |_________________________

(formerly 3400–7) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT |

| Date

ORDER FOR MINERAL SURVEY |_________________________

To Mineral Surveyor:

Sir:

Application has been filed in this Office by

, dated , 19 .

for an official survey of the mining claim consisting of locations named,

located, and recorded as follows:

___________________________________________________________________________

Group name, if any

___________________________________________________________________________

| DATE |

|____________________________________|

NAME OF LOCATION | | | | AMENDED

| LOCATED | RECORDED | AMENDED | RECORDING

______________________|___________|____________|___________|_______________

| | | |

______________________|___________|____________|___________|_______________

Mining District | County | State

| |

______________________|________________________|___________________________

Section | Township | Range

| |

______________________|________________________|___________________________

Meridian | National Forest

__________________________________|________________________________________

The claim is fully described in the certified copy of the location

certificate filed by the applicant for the survey, copy of which is

enclosed herewith. You are hereby directed to make the survey of said

claim in strict conformity with existing laws, official regulations, and

instructions thereunder, and make proper return of the survey to this

Office.

This survey will be designated as Mineral Survey Number

Very truly yours,

__________________________________________

(Authorized Signature)

__________________________________________

(Title)

APPENDIX #2

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #3]

No. 345. NOTICE OF LODE LOCATION.--

Bradford Publishing Co., 1824–46 Stout Street, Denver, Colorado

STATE OF________________________|

| SS.

COUNTY OF ______________________|

Know All Men by These Presents, That ______________, the undersigned, ha____

this___________ day of________________, 19___, located and claimed, and by

these presents do _____locate and claim by right of discovery and location,

in compliance with the Mining Acts of Congress, approved May 10, 1872, and

all subsequent Acts, and with local customs, laws and regulations,

____________________ linear feet and horizontal measurement on the

____________________________________________ lode, vein, ledge or deposit,

along the vein thereof, with all its dips, angles and variations as allowed

by law together with ________________ feet on the ________________ side and

________________ feet on the ________________ side of the middle of said

vein at the surface, so far as can be determined from present developments;

and all veins, lodes, ledges, or deposits and surface ground within the

lines of said claim ________________ feet running ________________ from

center of discovery ________________ and ________________ feet running

________________ from center of discovery ________________, said discovery

________________ being situated upon said lode, vein, ledge or deposit, and

within the lines of said claim in _______________________________________

Mining District, County of ________________ and State of ________________

Discovered and located ________________________________, 19___

________________________________ ________________________________

APPENDIX #3

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #4]

Form. 3400–11 UNITED STATES | Mineral Survey number

(September 1967) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR |

(formerly 4–683) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT |_________________________

| State

FIELD NOTES |_________________________

| Land District

_________________________________________________|_________________________

Of the Survey of the Mining Claim of (_name and address of Claimant_)

___________________________________________________________________________

Known as the (_name of group, if any_)

___________________________________________________________________________

CONSISTING OF LOCATIONS NAMED AND LOCATED AS FOLLOWS

___________________________________________________________________________

NAME OF LOCATION | DATE

|__________________________

| LOCATED | AMENDED

________________________________________________|_____________|____________

| |

________________________________________________|_____________|____________

Mining district | County

_____________________________________|_____________________________________

Section | Township |Range |Meridian | Survey under order dated

| | | |

____________|____________|___________|__________|__________________________

Survey commenced |Survey completed | Name of Mineral Surveyor

| |

__________________|__________________|_____________________________________

APPENDIX #4

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #5]

Form 3860–7 UNITED STATES

(November 1976) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

(formerly 3400–8) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT

CERTIFICATE OF SURVEYOR

___________________________________________________________________________

Name of Mineral Surveyor | Date

____________________________________________________|______________________

I HEREBY CERTIFY That in pursuance of an order received from the

, at

dated ,19 , I have carefully executed the survey of

the claim of

known as the (_lode, placer, or mill site_)

situated in , Township ,

Range , Meridian, in the State of .

This survey, designated as number , has been executed by me and under

my direction and has been made in strict conformity with said order, the

Manual of Instructions for the Survey of Public Lands of the United States,

and in specific manner described in the foregoing field notes.

I FURTHER CERTIFY That the labor expended and improvements made

upon and for the benefit of the

(_lode or placer_) location(s)

embraced in the said mining claim by claimant(s) or

grantors are fully stated in my report. The character, extent, location,

and itemized value are specified in full detail. No portion of, or interest

in, said labor and improvements so credited to this claim has been included

in the estimate of expenditures upon any other claim.

____________________________________ _____________________________________

(Location) (Signature of Mineral Surveyor)

___________________________________________________________________________

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

| Office

|_________________________

| Location

|_________________________

| Date

|_________________________

The foregoing field notes of mineral survey number , in

__ __

, |__| surveyed|__| unsurveyed

Township , Range ,

Meridian, in the State of ,

executed by , Mineral Surveyor,

under order dated , 19 , having been critically examined

and the necessary corrections made prior to their certification by the

surveyor, the field notes and the survey therein described are hereby

approved.

____________________________________ _____________________________________

(Authorized Signature) (Title)

CERTIFICATE OF TRANSCRIPT

I HEREBY CERTIFY That the foregoing transcript of field notes of

the above-described mineral survey number is a true copy of the

original field notes.

____________________________________ _____________________________________

(Authorized Signature) (Title)

___________________________________________________________________________

Title 18, U.S.C. section 1001, makes it a crime for any person knowingly

and willfully to make to any department or agency of the United States any

false, fictitious, or fraudulent statements or representations as to any

matter within its jurisdiction.

___________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX #5

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #6]

Form 3860–8 UNITED STATES | Serial Number

(February 1977) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR |

BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT |

|_______________________

CERTIFICATE OF EXPENDITURES, IMPROVEMENTS, | Date

AND MINERAL SURVEY |

___________________________________________________|_______________________

Name of Claimant | Mineral Survey Number

___________________________________________________|_______________________

I HEREBY CERTIFY That the | I FURTHER CERTIFY That the

record of the above-described | record reveals not less than $500

mineral survey furnishes such an | worth of labor has been expended for

accurate description of all claims | improvements upon or for the benefit

embraced within the survey that it | of each of the lode claims embraced

will, if incorporated into a patent, | within the survey and that the

serve fully to identify the premises | improvements were made by the

and that references are made in the | claimant or his grantors.

survey to natural objects or |

permanent monuments so that the |

location of the claims will be |

perpetuated and fixed. |

_____________________________________|_____________________________________

Date | Authorized Signature

________________|__________________________________________________________

(_See reverse_)

APPENDIX #6

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #7]

Form 3400–5 UNITED STATES | Place

(December 1966) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR |_____________________________

(formerly 4–286a) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT |

| Date

|_____________________________

| INSTRUCTIONS

| The Director, Bureau of Land

| Management, and the manager

APPROVAL OF MINERAL SURVEY | of the appropriate land (or

| land and survey) office must

| be notified of the approval

| of each mineral survey,

| using this form.

_____________________________________________|_____________________________

_____________________________________

SIR:

The following described mineral survey was approved on , 19 :

___________________________________________________________________________

SURVEY NUMBER | NAME OF CLAIM | ACRES

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

| |

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

| |

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

| |

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

| |

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

| |

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

| |

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

| |

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

| |

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

| |

______________|_________________________________________________|__________

This survey is actually in conflict with the following approved mineral

survey(s) listed by name and number, as marked, defined, and established on

the ground

___________________________________________________________________________

Applicant for survey (_name and address_)

___________________________________________________________________________

Survey made by , Mineral Surveyor.

___________________________________________________________________________

The following legal subdivisions are covered in whole or in part by this

survey, if situated on surveyed lands

___________________________________________________________________________

The survey is shown on the diagram below, sketched as actually marked,

defined, and established on the ground with respect to the lines of the

public land surveys; data relating to courses and distances have been

omitted.

___________________________________________________________________________

NOTE -- This sketch will be made in each case where upon surveyed land,

whether or not there are any conflicting approved mineral surveys.

Conflicting mineral surveys, however, will not be shown upon the sketch.

___________________________________________________________________________

Section , Township , Range Section , Township , Range

_____________________________________ ____________________________________

(Title)

___________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX #7

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #8]

No. 162. LOCATION CERTIFICATE--Lode Claim.--

Bradford Publishing Co., 1824–46 Stout Street, Denver, Colorado

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That

____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

ha____ located the ______________________________________ lode mining claim,

and by this certificate, and by right of discovery and location, claim_____

___________________________________ feet, linear and horizontal measurement

along the vein thereof, with all its dips, angles and variations as allowed

by law ____________________________ feet on said vein running _____________

_____________ from the center of the discovery ____________________________

and feet running ___________________________________ from the center of the

discovery ____________________________ , together with ____________________

______________ feet on each side of the middle of said vein at the surface,

and all veins, lodes, ledges, deposits and surface ground within the lines

of said claim, situate in _________________________________ Mining District,

County of _________________________, and State of _________________________

and described by metes and bounds as follows, to wit:

Beginning at Corner No. 1 _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Said lode was discovered on the _______ day of _______________, 19____

and located on the ______________ day of __________________________, 19____

Dated this _______________ day of ____________________________, 19____

________________________________[SEAL]

___________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX #8

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #9]

No. 114. ADDITIONAL AND AMENDED LOCATION CERTIFICATE.

--Bradford-Robinson Ptg. Co., Mfrs. Robinson’s Legal Blanks, 1824–46 Stout

St., Denver, Colorado

STATE OF COLORADO, }

}

} SS. KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS,

County of _______________}

That ______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

the undersigned, ha___ this _____________ day of ___________________, 19___

amended, located and claimed and by these presents do _____ amend, locate

and claim, by right of the original discovery and this Additional and

Amended Location Certificate, in compliance with the Mining Acts of

Congress, approved May 10, 1872, and all subsequent acts, and with Sections

169 and 182, Chapter 110, 1935 Colorado Statutes Annotated, and with local

customs, laws and regulations _____________________________________________

____________________________________ linear feet and horizontal measurement

on the ________________________________________________________ lode, vein,

ledge or deposit, along the vein thereof, with all its dips, angles and

variations, as allowed by law, together with ______________________________

feet on the __________________________ side, and __________________________

feet on the __________________________ side of the middle of said vein at

the surface, so far as can be determined from present developments, and all

veins, lodes, ledges or deposits and surface ground within the lines of

said claim __________________________ feet running ________________________

from center of discovery ________________ and ________________ feet running

__________________________ from center of discovery _______________________

said discovery _____________________________ being situated upon said lode,

vein, ledge or deposit, and within, the lines of said claim, in ___________

____________Mining District, County of _______________________ and State of

Colorado, described by metes and bounds as follows, to-wit:

Beginning in Corner No. 1

This being the same lode originally located on the _________________ day of

______________________ 19____, and recorded on the _________________ day of

______________________ 19____, in Book ________ Page ________ in the office

of the Recorder of ____________________ County. This further Additional and

Amended Certificate of Location is made without waiver of any previously

acquired rights, but for the purpose of correcting any errors in the

original location, description or record, and of taking in and acquiring

all forfeited or abandoned overlapping ground, and of taking in any part of

any overlapping claim which has been abandoned, and of securing all the

benefits of said Sections 169 and 182, Chapter 110, 1935 Colorado Statutes

Annotated.

Said lode was discovered the ________ | ___________________INTEREST. [SEAL]

day of _________________ A. D. 19____ | ___________________INTEREST. [SEAL]

ATTEST: | ___________________INTEREST. [SEAL]

_____________________________________ | ___________________INTEREST. [SEAL]

Date of Additional and Amended Cer- | ___________________INTEREST. [SEAL]

tificate _______________ A. D. 19____ | ___________________INTEREST. [SEAL]

APPENDIX #9

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #10]

_________________________

| |

| FOR RECORDER’S USE ONLY |

| |

Recorded at the request of: NOTICE | |

| |

________________________________ | |

| |

When recorded please mail to: | |

OF | |

Name ___________________________ | |

| |

Street _________________________ | |

LOCATION | |

| |

City ___________________________ | |

| |

State __________________________ LODE | |

| |

|_________________________|

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: Please take notice that:

1. The name of this claim is the _____________________ Lode Mining Claim.

Said claim is situated in the vicinity of _______________________ or in the

________________________________________________ Mining District, County of

San Bernardino, State of California.

The date of this location is the __________ day of _________________, 19___

2. The undersigned locators are citizens of the United States, or have

declared their intention to become such.

3. The said locator___ do____ hereby locate and claim ___________________

(Not to exceed 1500)

linear feet of this vein or lode, together with surface ground extending

___________________ feet in width on each side of the middle of said vein

(Not to exceed 300)

or lode and more particularly described as follows:

Commencing at the monument where this notice is posted, which monument is

at the point of discovery on said vein or lode and on the center line of

this location _________ hereby claim ______________ feet extending in a

(I or We)

______________ direction along the course of said vein from the discovery

monument and _______________ feet in a _______________ direction from the

discovery monument, along the course of said vein.

The general course of said vein is in a _________erly and ___________erly

direction.

The discovery monument is situated about ________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

(Distance from natural object or permanent monument and give direction)

___________________________________________________________________________

4. All dips, variations, spurs, angles and all veins, ledges, or deposits

within the lines of this claim, together with all water and timber and any

other rights appurtenant, allowed by the laws of this State or of the

United States are hereby claimed.

LOCATORS

___________________________________________________________________________

STATEMENT OF THE MARKING OF THE BOUNDARIES

AND OF PERFORMANCE OF DISCOVERY WORK

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN by the undersigned locator--that in accordance with

the provisions of the Mining Law:--

1. There has been erected at the discovery point, at each corner and at the

center of each end line of said claim

___________________________________________________________________________

2. The Locator has performed the following discovery work: ________________

___________________________________________________________________________

DATED _____________________, 19___

LOCATORS

______________________________________

PA 1561–-4M–3–62 ______________________________________

APPENDIX #10

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #11]

No. 296. LOCATION CERTIFICATE.--Tunnel.--Bradford Publishing Co., 1824–46

Stout Street, Denver, Colorado--3–72

___________________________________________________________________________

STATE OF ________________________}

}

} SS.

}

County of _______________________}

TO ALL WHOM THESE PRESENTS MAY CONCERN: Know ye, that _____________________

___________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________ citizen_____of the United States, of

_____________________________, County of ___________________________, State

of ____________________, do hereby declare and publish as a legal notice to

all the world, that _____ have a valid right to the occupancy, possession

and enjoyment of the ______________________________________________________

_________________________________, located _________________________, 19___

for the discovery of mines and the development of lodes, and situate in

_________________________________ Mining District, ________________________

County, State of _________________________, described as follows, to-wit:

Mouth of tunnel situate _________________________________________________

_____________________________________________; from the mouth of the tunnel

___________________________________________________________________________

Size of tunnel ________________ feet wide by ______________ feet high in

the clear.

Course of tunnel from its mouth, __________________________ 3,000 feet to

the ________________ end of said tunnel, at which end is set a substantial

______________________________ being the end _____________________________,

and between the tunnel mouth and the end _______________________ the center

line of the tunnel is marked at _________ feet, __________ feet, _________

feet, _________ feet, _________ feet, _________ feet, _________ feet from

the mouth by marked stakes or blazed and marked trees. From the end

___________________________________________________________________________

bears _____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

from said end ______________, set a stake _________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

from said end ______________, set a stake _________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

from mouth of tunnel set a stake __________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

from mouth of tunnel set a stake __________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

which last four mentioned stakes _____________________ the exterior corners

of the claim of said tunnel site.

And ___________________ claim for line of tunnel 1,500 feet on each side

of the center of the bore or course of the tunnel, and the right to all

lodes which may be discovered in the due prosecution of said tunnel within

1,500 feet on each side of the center of said line.

_______________________ also claim a square tract of land 125 feet on

each side of the mouth of tunnel and extending 250 feet immediately below

the mouth of the tunnel, as staked upon the ground, for dumping purposes.

Together with all and singular the hereditaments and appurtenances

thereunto belonging or in anywise appertaining, and all rights granted to

the locator ___________________ as tunnel rights under the terms of Section

2323 of the Revised Statutes of the United States.

WITNESS __________ hand___ and seal___ this _________________________ day

of ______________________, 19___

_____________________________________[SEAL]

___________________________________________________________________________

APPENDIX #11

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #12]

STATE OF ________________________}

} SS.

County of _______________________}

Before me, the subscriber, a notary public in and for said County,

personally appeared _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

to me personally known to be the same person_____described in and who

executed the within declaration of occupation, and acknowledged that ______

h_____ signed, sealed and published the same as ______h_____ free and

voluntary act and deed for the uses and purposes therein set forth.

WITNESS my hand and seal, this _____________ day of _____________________,

19____

My commission expires _____________________________________________, 19____

_____________________________________________________

Notary Public.

___________________________________________________________________________

STATE OF ________________________}

} SS.

County of _______________________}

___________________________________________________________________________

of the Count ______ of ___________________________________________ State of

______________________, being first duly sworn according to law, depose and

say_______: That_____h_____ citizen___ of the United States over the age of

twenty-one years; that _____ h_____ owner_____ by pre-emption, location and

occupation of the foregoing tunnel site, the said tunnel being prosecuted

for the development of lodes belonging to said affiant_______, also for the

discovery of other lodes; affiant___ further say ______ that ____ h_______

ha___ expended in actual work and improvements on said tunnel not less than

__________________________________________________________________ Dollars,

and that said tunnel has already been run the distance of _________________

___________ feet, and that it is bona fide ___ h______ intention to

prosecute work on said tunnel, so located and described, with reasonable

diligence for the purposes therein set forth.

____________________________________________

SUBSCRIBED and sworn to before me this ________________________________ day

of ____________________________, 19____

My commission expires ______________________________________________, 19___

____________________________________________

Notary Public.

_______________________________________

LOCATION CERTIFICATE

OF TUNNEL AND TUNNEL SITE

_______________________________________

Tunnel and Tunnel Site of _____________

_______________________________________

in _____________________________ Mining

District, _____________________ County,

State of ______________________________

_______________________________________

STATE OF ________________________}

} SS.

County of _______________________}

I hereby certify that this Location

Certificate was filed for record in my

office at _____________ o’clock ____M.,

_________________________________ 19___

and is duly recorded in book __________

at page _______________________________

_______________________________________

Recorder.

By ____________________________________

Deputy.

_______________________________________

Fees, $________________________________

_______________________________________

---------------------------------------

BRADFORD PUBLISHING COMPANY CO., DENVER

APPENDIX #12

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #13]

Recorded at________o’clock______M.,_________________

Reception No._____________________________ Recorder.

--------------------------------------------------------------

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That,______________________________

______________________________________________________________

the undersigned citizens of the United States, residents of

the County of_______________, State of________________________,

having complied with the provisions of Chapter 6, Title XXXII,

of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and with the

local customs, laws and regulations, claim by right of

discovery and location, The ___________________________________

placer claim, situate, lying and being in______________________

Mining District, County of_______________________, and State of

____________________, described by metes and bounds as follows,

to wit:

_______________________________________________________________

______________________________ area ____________________ acres,

said claim was located on the_______ day of__________, 19_____.

Date of certificate________________________, 19_____.

Attest:

___________________________________

No. 161. PLACER LOCATION CERTIFICATE.--Bradford Publishing Co.,

1824–46 Stout Street, Denver, Colorado (573–5011)-–5–77

APPENDIX #13

------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Illustration: APPENDIX #14]

No. 270. LOCATION CERTIFICATE--Mill Site.--Bradford Publishing Co.,

1824–46 Stout Street, Denver, Colorado (573–5011)-–6–77

-------------------------------------------------------------------

LOCATION CERTIFICATE OF MILL SITE

STATE OF_________________ }

} SS.

County of_________________ }

TO ALL WHOM THESE PRESENTS MAY CONCERN:

Know ye that ____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

of ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

do______hereby declare and publish as a legal notice to all the

world that_______have a valid right to the occupation, possession

and enjoyment of all and singular that tract or parcel of land not

exceeding five acres, situate, lying and being

in_____________________________________________Mining District, in

the County of_________________, in the State of__________________,

bounded and described as follows, to wit:

The______________________Mill Site,beginning at Cor. No. 1_______

_________________________________________________________________

together with all and singular the hereditaments and

appurtenances thereunto belonging or in anywise appertaining.

Witness______hand_____and seal______, this__________day

of________, 19____.

_______________________________[SEAL]

------------------------------------------------------------------

APPENDIX #14

INDEX

First number indicates chapter. Second number indicates section of that

chapter.

Accuracy (survey): 5–2, 5–5, 5–13

Acquired Lands: 1–25

Act of 1866 (lodes): 1–5

Act of 1870 (placers): 1–6

Act of 1872 (general mining laws): 1–7

Act of 1884 (Alaska): 1–9

Act of 1892 (building stone): 1–10

Act of 1904 (monuments to control): 1–13

Act of 1920 (mineral leasing): 1–14

Act of 1947 (materials): 1–15

Act of 1954 (multiple use): 1–16

Act of 1955 (common varieties): 1–17

Act of 1955 (power sites): 1–18

Act of 1960 (mill sites): 1–19

Act of 1962 (petrified wood): 1–20

Act of 1970 (geothermal steam): 1–21

Act of 1976 (recordation): 1–22

Additional and Amended Location Certificate: 2–13, 4–6

Additional Notes and Certificate on Plat: 5–18

Alaska: 1–9, 1–23, 1–24

Alaska Native Claims: 1–23

Alaska Public Sale Act: 1–24

Amended Location: 2–13, 5–1, 5–3, 5–20

Amended (Supplemental) Order for Survey: 4–6, 4–7, 5–3, 5–21

Amended Survey: 5–19

Annual Assessment Work: 2–4, 2–12

Apex Law: 1–49

Application for Patent: 2–6

Application for Survey: 4–4

Approval of Survey: 5–15

Areas: 5–8, 5–10, 5–12, 5–13

Areas subject to special mining laws: 1–24

Assays: 2–1

Attorney-at-Law: 1–43, 4–3

Azimuth: 5–10

Bearing rocks: 5–4

Bearing trees: 5–4, 5–10

Bedded deposits: 1–48, 2–1, 5–3, 5–5

Blanket veins: 5–3, 5–5

Building stone: 1–10

Burden of proof: 2–1, 2–12

Calculations: 5–8, 5–13

Cancelled Survey: 4–6, 5–16

Cancelled Survey Order: 4–6, 4–8, 5–17

Cemeteries: 5–3

Change of claim boundaries: 2–13

Claim records: 4–5, 5–1

Claim staking: 2–3

Closures: 5–13

Coal Surveys: 5–3

Common Improvement: 1–47, 5–5

Common Varieties: 1–17

Conflicts: 5–3, 5–8, 5–12, 5–13

Coordinates

Geographic: 5–10, 5–12

Plane: 5–1

Corner accessories: 5–4

Corner markings: 2–3, 5–10

Corner numbers: 2–3

Corners on patented land: 2–3

Corner ties: 2–3, 5–3, 5–8, 5–12

Death Valley National Monument, California: 1–24

Descriptive Report (placer claims): 5–6

Discovery: 1–47, 2–1, 2–4, 5–3

Discovery lost: 2–1

Discovery paint: 2–2, 5–3, 5–12

Discovery shaft: 2–3

Discovery work: 2–2, 2–5, 5–1, 5–5

Drill logs: 2–1

Electronic distance measurement: 5–2

End center monuments: 2–3

End lines: 1–49, 2–3, 5–12

Errors: 5–12, 6–5

Exchanges: 1–23

Extralateral Rights: 1–49

Field Notes: 5–10, 5–11, 5–12, 5–18

Fissionable source material: 1–23

Float: 2–1

Goethermal steam: 1–25

Glacier Bay National Monument, Alaska: 1–24

Homestead Entry Surveys: 5–3

Improvements: 5–5, 5–7, 5–10, 5–12, 5–15, 5–21

Indemnity Grants: 1–23

Instruments: 5–2, 5–10

Intersections: 5–8, 5–10, 5–12, 5–13

Junior claim: 1–49

Kings Range National Conservation Area, California: 1–24

Known lodes in placers: 2–4

Leasing Act: 1–14

Length: 2–3, 2–6, 4–6, 5–3, 5–12

Location: 2–3, 2–6, 2–8, 2–9, 5–3, 5–10, 5–12

Location certificate: 2–3, 2–6, 4–6, 5–10

Location monument: 5–3

Location notice: 2–3, 2–6, 2–7

Location survey: 2–3

Lode v. Placer: 2–1

Lode claims: 1–5, 1–7, 2–1, 2–2, 2–3

Lode line: 5–12

Magnetic Declination: 5–12

Marketability: 2–1, 2–4

Materials Act: 1–15

Measurements: 5–2, 5–10

Metes and bounds: 2–3, 4–6

Mill Sites: 1–7, 1–19, 2–7, 2–8, 5–7

Mineral, definition: 2–1

Mineral Examiner: 2–1

Mineral Monuments: 5–3

Mineral Survey: 2–6

Mineral Surveyor

Appointment: 3–1, 3–2, 3–3, 3–4, 3–5, 3–6

Contracts: 3–14, 3–15, 3–16, 3–17, 4–4.7

Duties: 3–10, 3–11, 3–12, 3–13

Examination: 3–9

Qualifications: 3–7, 3–8

Restrictions: 3–18, 3–19, 3–20

Selection of: 4–2

Mining Districts: 1–1, 1–2, 1–3

Mt. McKinley National Park, Alaska: 1–24

Multiple Use: 1–16

National Forests: 1–23, 4–6

National Parks and Monuments: 1–24, 4–6

Native graves: 5–3

Navigable water: 1–50

New legislation, update: 1–25

New survey required: 5–20

Number of claims: 2–3, 2–6, 2–8, 4–4.7

O & C Lands: 1–24

Oil shale placer claims: 1–24

Olympic National Park, Washington: 1–24

Order for Survey: 4–6, 5–17

Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona: 1–24

Papago Indian Reservation, Arizona: 1–24

Patent

Exclusion of abandoned claim: 5–23

In two parts: 5–24

Long after survey: 5–22

Patent expenditure: 1–47, 5–5, 5–15, 5–21

Patent survey

Departures from normal procedure: 5–16 to 5–24 incl.

Field work: 5–1 to 5–7 incl.

Office work: 5–8 to 5–11 incl.

Processing: 5–12 to 5–15 incl.

Required: 4–1, 5–6, 5–7

Petrified Wood: 1–20

Placer claims: 1–6, 1–7, 2–4, 2–5, 2–6, 5–6

Placer v. Lode: 2–1

Plats: 5–9, 5–11, 5–14, 5–16, 5–18, 5–19, 6–4

Power Sites: 1–18

Prescott, Arizona Watershed: 1–24

Railroad Grants: 1–23

Recording: 1–7, 1–22, 2–11, 2–12

Reference Monument: 5–4

Relocation: 2–13, 5–20

Reservations: 1–23

Restoration of lost or obliterated corners: 5–3, 6–1

Resurveys: 6–2

Rights-of-way: 5–3

Riparian Rights: 1–50

Rule of approximation: 2–6

School Grants: 1–23

Senior claim: 1–49

Segregation Surveys: 6–3

Severance: 1–23

Side center monuments: 2–3

Size of claims: 2–3, 2–6, 2–7, 4–6

Spanish Land Grants: 1–23

Special Surveys: 5–3

State mining laws, general: 1–27

Alaska: 1–28

Arizona: 1–29

Arkansas: 1–30

California: 1–31

Colorado: 1–32

Florida: 1–33

Idaho: 1–34

Louisiana: 1–35

Mississippi: 1–36

Montana: 1–37

Nebraska: 1–38

Nevada: 1–39

New Mexico: 1–40

North Dakota: 1–41

Oregon: 1–42

South Dakota: 1–43

Utah: 1–44

Washington: 1–45

Wyoming: 1–46

Stockraising Homesteads: 1–23, 5–3

Supplemental Plat: 5–16, 6–4

Survey methods: 2–3, 5–2

Survey records: 4–5, 5–1

Surveyor and The Law: 1–47, 1–48

Thorium: 1–23

Townsites: 1–23, 5–3

Trace of mineral: 2–1, 2–4

Transit and Tape: 5–2

Tunnel Sites: 2–9, 2–10

U.S. Marshall: 5–1

U.S. Surveys: 5–3

Unapproved survey: 5–17

Underground discovery: 2–1, 2–2

Uranium: 1–23

Use, mill site: 2–8

Valuable mineral deposit: 2–1

Width: 2–3, 2–6, 4–6, 5–3, 5–12

Wilderness Areas: 1–24

Witness Corner: 5–4

Withdrawals: 1–23, 4–5

GPO 857–030

------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling.

2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed.

3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.

4. Enclosed bold font in =equals=.

End of Project Gutenberg's Mineral Survey Procedures Guide, by Various