Dr. Summers has for years been an officer of the Christian church, of

which he became a member in early boyhood. He belongs to the Knights

of Pythias fraternity and to the Dramatic Order of the Knights of

Khorassan, being Royal Vizier in the latter organization at this

time. He is also connected with the Modern Woodmen of America and is

an exemplary representative of the Masonic fraternity. He is a lover

of history and has ever been keenly interested in politics from his

boyhood days. He was reared in the faith of Jefferson and of Jackson

but in 1896, differing from his party on the question of the free

coinage of silver, he joined the republicans and has since remained

one of the supporters of that party. He was elected a member of the

state legislature and in this connection one of the local papers

wrote: "Representative Summers made such a good record during the

last session of the legislature that friends throughout the district

quickly saw in him congressional timber and repeated requests have

come to him from legislators and influential republicans throughout

the district to become a candidate for congressman next year. In the

last session of the legislature he succeeded in getting through the

vocational training bill which secures aid from the national government

providing a practical education for every boy and girl in the state

over fourteen years of age. He is saving the state approximately

fifty thousand dollars yearly by the invention of an improved number

plate for autos which he deeded to the state." He brought forth this

invention, gave it to the state and thus contributed to the yearly

income of the commonwealth by a great saving. His bill requiring

automobiles shipped into the state to be fully equipped with dimmer

or anti-glare devices saves annually more than one hundred thousand

dollars to the auto purchasers of Washington. He opposed the million

dollar appropriation for a new capitol building, believing that this

was but the entering wedge for the appropriation of many additional

millions during the next few years. He was, however, connected with

much constructive legislation of great worth, doing valuable service on

the appropriation, revenue and taxation, banks and banking, education

and military affairs committees. For many years he has been recognized

as one of the strongest workers in behalf of temperance in southeastern

Washington and contributed in large measure toward the enactment

of the "bone-dry" law of 1917. The attitude which he displayed in

the legislature when the question of the osteopath, labor union and

Christian Science interests were before the house shows him to be a

man of fairness and tolerance who justly considers the rights of all

men, notwithstanding they oppose his own ideas. In a word he is a

broad-minded man who recognizes the right of every individual to his

honest opinion. There is nothing narrowly partisan or bigoted in his

attitude. During the present crisis in the world's history Dr. Summers

has manifested the same spirit which has actuated his ancestors through

the different wars in which this country has been engaged. Three times

since the declaration of war with Germany he has tendered his services

to state and nation, only to be rejected because of a slight physical

disability. Deprived of the privilege of serving his country at the

front, he has availed himself of every opportunity to render aid and

service at home in behalf of the Red Cross, liberty bonds and twice

served as district chairman of the Y. M. C. A. war fund campaign.

He is a member of the National Society of the Sons of the American

Revolution. He has always been deeply interested in civic affairs and

in the educational welfare of his community and at all times stands for

progress and improvement for the individual and for the state at large.

One of the old, valued and honored members of the house of

representatives gives this estimate of Dr. Summers: "I found him an

indefatigable worker and always supporting measures that he believed to

be right and in the interest of the state at large. He is broad-minded

and capable and secured the passage through the legislature of as many

important measures as any other member of the house and every measure

was good and necessary. He is clear-headed, a great mixer, frank and

open, conscientious and absolutely dependable, and is entirely free

from cant and sophistry."

ANDREW P. PEARSON.

Andrew P. Pearson is now living retired in Walla Walla after many years

devoted to the grocery business. He was born in Sweden, September

15, 1848, a son of Pear Bengtson, who passed his entire life in that

country. Our subject grew to manhood under the parental roof and

obtained the education afforded by the common schools. In May, 1869,

when almost twenty-one years of age, he crossed the ocean, landing in

Quebec, Canada, whence he came direct to the States. He located in

Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he found work as a carpenter. He had

received training in that line under his brother, who was a carpenter

and cabinetmaker. In 1874 he went to San Francisco but a month later

removed to Los Angeles, where he entered the employ of the Southern

Pacific Railroad. He worked on the timbering of the San Fernando tunnel

and proved so capable that he was promoted to foreman. For about six

months he filled that position but in 1876 he decided to take a trip

east and see the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. From there he

went to Sweden on a visit, remaining there for about a year, after

which he once more went to San Francisco. He again became connected

with the Southern Pacific Railroad, with which he remained until 1880.

[Illustration: ANDREW P. PEARSON]

Mr. Pearson then came to Walla Walla county, Washington. In connection

with his brother, P. P. Pearson, he became the owner of a grocery store

and for about twenty years was an active factor in business circles

of Walla Walla. He was keen in his analysis of business conditions,

up-to-date and enterprising in the conduct of his store and made it

a point to carry only reliable goods. This well advised business

policy resulted in the building up of a large trade and as his capital

increased he invested in Walla Walla county land, thus giving evidence

of his faith in this section, and time has proved the wisdom of his

course. He now owns about five hundred and fifty acres, situated in

the richest part of the Walla Walla valley, and derives there from a

gratifying income. For a number of years he has enjoyed a well deserved

leisure, having retired from the grocery business.

In 1912 Mr. Pearson was married to Miss Hilda Johnson, a native of

Sweden. He gives his political allegiance to the republican party but

has never sought office as a reward for his loyalty. He belongs to

Columbia Lodge, No. 8, K. P., of Walla Walla, of which he was a charter

member, and to the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He is respected for

his business ability, honored for his integrity and held in the warmest

regard by reason of his attractive personal qualities.

JOSEPH W. HARVEY.

Although a resident of the city of Walla Walla, Joseph W. Harvey gives

personal supervision to the operation of the fourteen hundred and forty

acres of land which he owns. He was born in Linn county, Iowa, January

27, 1865, and is a son of George and Sarah (Wolf) Harvey, natives

respectively of Pennsylvania and Iowa. In 1883 they came with their

family to Walla Walla county, Washington, and settled on a farm in the

Big Bend country, where both passed away.

Joseph W. Harvey, who is one of ten living children in a family of

twelve, received his education in Iowa. He was accustomed from boyhood

to hard work and at the age of seventeen years began his independent

career. For three years he was employed as a common laborer and then

began farming in Walla Walla county, Washington, the family in the

meantime having removed here. He rented land until he had accumulated

sufficient capital to purchase a farm and after gaining a start his

advancement was rapid. His holdings now comprise fourteen hundred and

forty acres, all of which is in a high state of cultivation and is

well improved, and he specializes in the production of wheat. He is

both practical and progressive in his methods and as he manages his

important business interests in connection with his farm work in a

systematic manner, his annual income is an enviable one. For some

years Mr. Harvey conducted a horse ranch on Snake river, where he

raised draft horses for the market but disposed of that business during

the Philippine war, selling most of his stock to the government. He

has a beautiful home, in colonial style, which he has rebuilt and made

strictly modern in every respect.

Mr. Harvey was married in 1887 to Miss Mary Wiseman, a native of Walla

Walla county. Her parents, Jonathan and Nancy Wiseman, were both born

in Arkansas but many years ago crossed the plains with ox teams and

took up their residence in eastern Washington, where both died. To Mr.

and Mrs. Harvey have been born seven children, namely: Vere W., who has

attended Whitman College and the University of Washington; Dareld J.,

a high school graduate; Lynn P., a university graduate; Helen C., who

is attending the University of Washington; Elizabeth M., a high school

student; Nancy R., who died when eight years old; and Elsie J.

Mr. Harvey endorses the policies of the republican party and has served

his district capably as a member of the school board. He belongs to

Trinity Lodge, No. 101, I. O. O. F., and the idea of fraternity which

underlies that organization has found exemplification in his life. Mrs.

Harvey belongs to the Christian church, in the work of which she takes

a commendable interest. Both are well known, not only in the city of

Walla Walla but also throughout the county, and their friends are many.

GEORGE M. LLOYD.

George M. Lloyd, the proprietor of a well patronized meat market at

Waitsburg, was born in Walla Walla county, April 1, 1863, a son of Mr.

and Mrs. A. J. Lloyd, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work.

George M. Lloyd was reared at home and after completing the course

offered in the public schools became a student in an academy. After

finishing his schooling he devoted some time to assisting his father

in the farm work and then was for two years engaged in the railroad

mail service. At the end of that time he again turned his attention to

farming, cultivating land independently for a year. He next engaged

in the butcher business in Waitsburg, and for twenty-eight years has

conducted a meat market. He is careful in the selection of his meats,

maintains the best sanitary conditions in the market and is satisfied

with a reasonable profit and as the years have passed it is but natural

that his trade should have shown a steady growth. He has other business

interests, owning four hundred acres of land in Franklin county,

Washington, and is a director of the First National Bank of Waitsburg.

Mr. Lloyd was married in 1889 to Miss Nellie S. Towsley, and they had

two children, Helen, deceased, and G. Marvin, who is a graduate of the

Waitsburg high school and is now a student in Pullman College. The wife

and mother passed away in March, 1911, and was laid to rest in the

Waitsburg cemetery. She was a woman of many admirable traits and left

many friends to mourn her loss.

Mr. Lloyd is prominent in public affairs and is now serving as

representative from Walla Walla county on the state committee. For

fourteen years he was a member of the school board and during that

time consistently advocated the improvement of the school system,

realizing the paramount importance of good educational advantages. He

has also served as mayor of Waitsburg and his record in that connection

is one of which he has just cause to be proud. He belongs to the United

Workmen and to the Masonic order, in which he has taken all of the

degrees in the York Rite up to and including those of the chapter. He

has filled all the chairs in the Blue Lodge and is recognized as an

exemplary Mason, conforming his life to the beneficient teachings of

the craft.

CYRUS B. LANE.

Cyrus B. Lane became associated in 1913 with Douglas V. Wood in

organizing the firm of Wood & Lane, automobile dealers of Walla Walla.

Since that time the business has been profitably conducted, their sales

having reached a large figure annually.

Mr. Lane was born in Cameron county, Pennsylvania, January 1, 1867, a

son of Joseph and Mary (Bearfield) Lane, of whom mention is made in

connection with the sketch of John A. Lane on another page of this

work. Cyrus B. Lane was a youth of twelve years when he arrived in

Walla Walla county on the 26th of June, 1879. His education, begun in

the public schools of the east, was continued in the district schools

of this section and he was early trained to habits of industry and

economy, such as are cultivated in a frontier district. On reaching

his twenty-third year he began farming on his own account, having the

previous year purchased, in connection with his brother William, a

tract of land of two hundred and forty acres. They had nothing with

which to equip their farm at the time, but the following year they

rented their land to their father and Cyrus B. Lane leased eighty acres

adjoining his place, on which he put in a crop. The following year

he took over his brother's interest in the purchase which they had

previously made and began farming on his own place. There he continued

to carry on general agricultural pursuits with substantial success

until 1911 and in the meantime he extended the boundaries of his place

by additional purchases until he had five hundred and sixty acres of

the most valuable wheat land in the Walla Walla valley. In September,

1911, he took up his abode in Walla Walla in order that his children

might have the advantages of the public schools of the city, and in

the spring of 1913, as he could not content himself without business

interests, idleness and indolence being utterly foreign to his nature,

he formed a partnership with D. V. Wood and organized the firm of Wood

& Lane, who engage in the sale of automobiles, handling the Cadillac,

the Oldsmobile, the Maxwell and the White cars and also operating one

of the largest and best equipped garages in the city. Their business

has reached such magnitude that they have outgrown their present

quarters and will of necessity have to have larger space. Mr. Lane is

also a stockholder in the People's State Bank of Walla Walla.

On the 25th of October, 1891, Mr. Lane was united in marriage to Miss

Frances E. Kennedy, a daughter of Louis Kennedy, who came to Walla

Walla county from Illinois in 1879. They have become the parents of

seven children, namely: Inez, Elsie, Joseph, Harold, Delora, Glen and

Dale. All are still at home.

In politics Mr. Lane is an independent republican. He has served

repeatedly as a delegate to county conventions and has always refused

to become a candidate for office, preferring that his public service

shall be done as a private citizen. He belongs to Trinity Lodge, No.

121, I. O. O. F., to the encampment and to the Rebekahs, and his wife

and two eldest daughters are also connected with the Rebekahs. Mrs.

Lane is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, while her daughters

hold membership in the Christian church. The social position of the

family is one of prominence and the hospitality of the best homes of

Walla Walla is freely accorded them. Mr. Lane has made for himself

a creditable position in business circles and is now controlling

interests which are constantly growing in volume, bringing to him well

deserved success.

FRANTZ S. ROMAINE.

Frantz S. Romaine, who resides two miles north of Dayton, is numbered

among the well known farmers and stock raisers of Columbia county. He

was born in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, September 1, 1862, a son

of Garrit and Martha Romaine, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in

this work. He was brought to Old Walla Walla county, Washington, in

his childhood and received his education in its pioneer schools. He

remained at home until he attained his majority and then began working

as a laborer, so continuing for five years. At the end of that time

he invested his savings in land and for a long period his time and

attention were taken up with the operation of that place. However, in

1905 he sold that property and bought his present farm, which comprises

two hundred and sixty-five acres. Since the place has come into his

possession he has erected thereon excellent buildings of modern design

and otherwise improved it. He also leases land and farms in all about

one thousand acres, part of which is pasture and part wheat land. He

is systematic in his work and believes firmly that in the twentieth

century the farmer cannot afford to do other than manage his affairs in

accordance with the most approved business principles.

On December 25, 1887, Mr. Romaine was married to Miss Elizabeth Knight,

who was born in 1865 while her parents were crossing the plains on

their way to the Pacific coast country. They were William and Damie

(Ward) Knight, natives of Missouri. On removing to the west they took

up their residence in Lamar, Washington, where both passed away. To

Mr. and Mrs. Romaine have been born five children, namely: Amy E., the

wife of L. B. Harris, who is a high school graduate and is teaching

school at Starbuck; Earl E., who died at the age of eleven years; Cecil

L., who is a high school graduate and is the wife of Jesse Courtney;

William C., a resident of Dayton; and Ella Ward G., at home.

[Illustration: MR. AND MRS. FRANTZ. S. ROMAINE]

Mr. Romaine gives his political allegiance to the republican party

but the successful management of his farm work has left him no

time to devote to public affairs and he has therefore never sought

office. Fraternally he belongs to the Woodmen of the World, in which

organization he is deservedly popular. All that he has, and he is now

financially independent, has been gained through his own efforts, and

he is fully entitled to the honor accorded a self-made man.

FRANK P. KLAHR.

Frank P. Klahr, a well known resident of Walla Walla, from which point

he supervises the operation of six hundred and forty acres of excellent

wheat land, was born in Ohio, September 12, 1849, a son of Conrad and

Catherine (Geiger) Klahr, both of whom were natives of Baden, Germany.

In 1845 the father came to the United States and took up his residence

in Ohio, where he was later married, his wife having removed to this

country in her childhood. They continued to live in the Buckeye state

until called by death.

Frank P. Klahr, who is one of four living children of a family of five,

grew to manhood in Ohio and in the acquirement of his general education

attended the public schools there. In preparation for the medical

profession he entered the Eclectic Medical Institute in Cincinnati,

Ohio, and was graduated from that institution in 1875. He engaged in

active practice in Ohio until 1891, when he went to Wisconsin and for

fifteen years he followed his profession in that state but in 1906

returned to Ohio, where he lived until 1910. In that year he came to

Walla Walla, Washington, and bought land and now owns six hundred and

forty acres in Adams county, which is a well-improved and valuable

tract.

In 1875 Mr. Klahr was united in marriage to Miss Clara E. Einsel, who

was also born in Ohio. They are the parents of two children: Leora

E., who is a graduate of the State University of Wisconsin and is

now teaching in Walla Walla high school; and Florence Marie, also a

graduate of the University of Wisconsin and the wife of William C.

McNoun, of Lawrence, Kansas.

Mr. Klahr has supported the principles of the democratic party since

age conferred upon him the right of franchise and while living in

Wisconsin was appointed as a member of the State Board of Medical

Examiners. He is a Knight Templar Mason and has filled all the chairs

in the blue lodge and chapter. The high principles which govern his

life are further indicated in his membership in the Congregational

church, in which he is a deacon and to which his wife also belongs.

During the years that were devoted to the practice of his profession he

met with gratifying success in that connection and since he has turned

his attention to the management of his farm he has also demonstrated

his ability along that line. He is a man of sterling worth and is held

in high esteem by all who have come in contact with him.

E. G. HASTINGS.

E. G. Hastings, who makes his home on section 2, township 13 north,

range 40 east, Garfield county, is an extensive wheat and stock raiser,

operating with his sons eighteen hundred acres of land. He was born in

Davis county, Iowa, November 18, 1850, and is a son of Jacob P. and

Martha A. (Graham) Hastings. The father was born in Lancaster county,

Pennsylvania, and the mother in Kentucky. They were pioneers of Iowa,

removing there in 1847, and for fifteen years they continued residents

of that state. In 1862 they again sought the frontier, crossing the

plains with ox teams, Washington being their destination. After a hard

trip of five months they reached old Walla Walla county and took up

their residence on a claim near the present site of Walla Walla. Ten

years later they removed to Garfield county and eventually settled in

Milton, Oregon, where his mother died in 1899. The father continued

to reside there for nine years thereafter and then went to Starbuck,

Washington, where he passed away. Only five of their twelve children

now survive.

E. G. Hastings received his education in Iowa and in Walla Walla

county, Washington, and was reared under the parental roof. The

training in farm work which he received under his father proved of

great value to him when, at the age of twenty years, he came to

Garfield county and took up a claim. He sold that farm in 1884 and

came to his present place on the Snake river, which is now one of the

good stock ranches of Garfield county. As the years have passed he has

extended his farming operations and now, in partnership with his sons,

engages in wheat and stock raising on eighteen hundred acres of land.

The adoption of the most efficient methods and the use of the latest

machinery make it possible for him to keep his extensive interests well

in hand and he has gained a good annual income.

In 1872 Mr. Hastings was united in marriage to Miss Alice S. Morris,

a native of Iowa, and they have become the parents of six children:

Alfred G. and Alvin J., twins; William M.; Essie, the wife of J. G.

Krels; John J.; and Ella M., the wife of Walter Long.

Mr. Hastings supports the republican party by his ballot, for two terms

filled the office of county commissioner with entire satisfaction to

his constituents, and has also been supervisor and a member of the

school board. His religious belief is that of the Christian church, to

which he belongs, and in its teachings are found the guiding principles

of his life. Fraternally he is connected with the Masons, belonging to

Evening Star Lodge, No. 30, at Pomeroy. The success which he has gained

is proof of his ability, for it has been won solely through his own

efforts.

EDWIN HUGH VAN PATTEN, PH. M., M. D.

Dr. Edwin Hugh Van Patten, a distinguished member of the medical

profession practicing at Dayton, was born March 8, 1855, near

Springfield, Illinois, and traces his ancestry back to the year

1641, when Charles Frederick Van Patten was born. He came to New

Amsterdam, now New York, in 1664 and from that ancestor the line

comes down unbroken to Dr. Van Patten of this review. His parents

were John Coop and Rachel (McCoy) Van Patten. The father was born in

New Jersey, January 22, 1832, and acquired a public school education

in Springfield, Illinois, accompanying his parents on their removal

to that state during his early youth. He studied for the ministry

of the Cumberland Presbyterian church and remained one of its well

known pastors until the union of the Cumberland Presbyterian with the

Presbyterian church, when he returned to the church of his youth. For

a number of years he was general agent for the Lincoln University at

Lincoln, Illinois, and he became pastor of the Cumberland Presbyterian

church of Lincoln at the time when he accepted the agency, there

remaining for five years. On leaving Illinois he removed to eastern

Washington in 1880, settling in Dayton, where he had purchased land

and where he engaged in preaching the gospel for many years. He was

also prominent in the public life of the community and was chosen to

represent his district in the state senate, which position he was

filling at the time Governor Rodger was elected. He died in the latter

part of August, 1912, when in the eighty-first year of his age.

[Illustration: DR. EDWIN H. VAN PATTEN]

Dr. Edwin Hugh Van Patten, reared in Lincoln, there acquired his

early education as a public school student and afterward attended the

Lincoln University, which conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of

Philosophy in 1879 and that of Master of Philosophy in the spring of

1883, the latter coming to him from his alma mater as a well earned

honor. In 1880, then a young man of twenty-five years, he accompanied

his parents on their removal westward to Oregon and took up his abode

upon a claim in Sherman county. It was his desire, however, to enter

upon a professional career. He had previously engaged in teaching

school in Illinois but regarded this merely as an initial step to other

professional labor and in 1881 he returned to his native state to

become a student in Rush Medical College in Chicago, from which he was

graduated in February, 1883, with valedictorian honors as a member of

a class of two hundred. He then returned to the northwest and located

for practice in Dayton, where he has remained for thirty-four years,

occupying one office through practically the entire period. Actuated at

all times by a most progressive spirit, he has kept abreast with the

latest thought, researches and discoveries of the science of medicine,

has one of the best equipped offices in the northwest and one of the

most complete medical libraries. In 1888 he went to New York, where he

pursued an extended post-graduate course, specializing in the study

of diseases of the eye and ear. It was Dr. Van Patten who performed

the first successful laparotomy operation and the first successful

hysterectomy operation in Columbia county. He has done much difficult

surgical work which has given evidence of his remarkable skill and high

achievements in this branch of the profession and he is regarded as the

peer of the ablest physicians and surgeons on the Pacific coast. He

is likewise a member of the Edwards-Hindle Company of Dayton and is a

landowner of Columbia county, Washington, and of Sherman county, Oregon.

On the 25th of June, 1884, in Bismarck, Illinois, Dr. Van Patten was

united in marriage to Miss Julia Satterwhite, of Louisville, Kentucky,

who had been a schoolmate of the Doctor in Lincoln. She is a daughter

of Parker Satterwhite and was graduated from the Lincoln schools in

June, 1881, and taught school for some years prior to her marriage.

She afterward became grand correspondent for the Grand Chapter of the

Eastern Star, which position she occupied for a number of years or

until her health caused her to resign.

Dr. Van Patten gives his political allegiance to the democratic party

and in 1889 was a candidate on its ticket for the office of state

senator and again in 1905. On both occasions he was defeated by a small

majority in a strongly republican district, although he ran far ahead

of the regular party vote. He served for six years as a member of the

school board of Dayton and soon after his arrival in Columbia county

was elected county coroner, which position he occupied for many years.

In Masonic circles Dr. Van Patten occupies a very prominent position.

He is a past grand master of the grand lodge of Masons, having served

during 1904 and 1905. He was grand patron of the Order of the Eastern

Star in 1892 and 1893 and is now right eminent grand commander of the

Knights Templar. He is also the grand king of the Grand Chapter of

Royal Arch Masons for the state and he is a member of the Oriental

Consistory of Spokane, in Scottish Rite Masonry. He is likewise an

elder of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, which indicates that

his obligations for the religious development of the community are

not neglected. In fact he is an active and helpful church worker and

does everything in his power to extend the influence and promote the

growth of the organization. He belongs to the Walla Walla Valley

Medical Society and he went abroad for study in surgery in Europe.

He has never ceased to be a close student of his profession and yet

his reading has been by no means confined to medical and surgical

lines but has reached out into the broad realms of thought. While in

Europe he was several times requested to address the Travelers Club

and the Camera Club, organizations of prominent people from all parts

of the world. He is a gifted speaker and is frequently called upon to

address various gatherings. Moreover, he is an unusually entertaining

conversationalist, which makes him very popular in social circles. In a

word, association with Dr. Van Patten means expansion and elevation.

GARLAND B. TAYLOR.

Garland B. Taylor, of Walla Walla, who is actively identified with

farming in southeastern Washington, was born in Johnson county,

Missouri, on the 30th of June, 1866, a son of Simon Taylor, who is

mentioned in connection with the sketch of C. M. Taylor on another page

of this work.

Garland B. Taylor was a lad of but twelve years when his parents

removed of Walla Walla county, where he completed his education as a

public school student. On attaining his majority he began farming in

co-operation with his brothers, Walter and Mack, and about 1897 he

withdrew from business connections with his brothers and began farming

independently. He is today the owner of six hundred and three acres

of rich and productive land and is one of the representative wheat

farmers of Walla Walla county. His business affairs are carefully and

systematically managed and his efforts have brought to him deserved

success.

In 1895 Mr. Taylor was united in marriage to Miss Anna M. Fuller, a

daughter of John Fuller, who came to Walla Walla county from Arkansas

in 1888 and here spent the remainder of his life. To Mr. and Mrs.

Taylor have been born three sons and a daughter, namely: Joseph G.; Ben

F.; Garland E.; and Henrietta, who is deceased.

Mr. Taylor is a democrat in his political views and has served as

deputy assessor of Columbia county for two years. He was afterward

elected to the office of county clerk and served in that position for

one term. He is well known as a valued member of Touchet Lodge, No. 5,

I. O. O. F., of Waitsburg, and he and his wife are faithful members of

the Christian church. His genuine worth is widely acknowledged by all

who have come in contact with him. His record proves that success and

an honored name may be won simultaneously, for while he has prospered

in his undertakings, he has always conducted his affairs in a way that

has brought good results and yet the integrity of his methods has ever

been above question.

HON. ARTHUR F. KEES.

Among the highly esteemed residents of Walla Walla is Arthur F. Kees,

who is devoting his attention to farming and stock raising. He is

a native of Walla Walla county and was born November 13, 1867. His

parents, Samuel M. and Elizabeth (Coyle) Kees, were born respectively

in Pennsylvania and Illinois, but became residents of Oregon in an

early day in the history of that state. There they were married and

continued to reside until the early '60s, when they came to Walla Walla

county, Washington. The father engaged in the stock business here,

which was the leading industry at that time, but subsequently turned

his attention to farming when the range disappeared with the incoming

of large numbers of settlers. He continued to cultivate land until his

death in January, 1914. The mother's demise took place September 6,

1917. To them were born seven children, of whom only two survive, our

subject and Mrs. Lillian Julian, also of Walla Walla.

Arthur F. Kees remained at home until he had attained his majority and

in the meantime he had attended the common schools, the Whitman College

and a business college at Portland, Oregon, and had gained familiarity

with farm work. He decided to follow the occupation to which he had

been reared and for a considerable period devoted his entire time and

attention to farming. In 1898, however, he was elected sheriff of Walla

Walla county and served in that capacity for four years and in 1903 was

elected to the state legislature, and during his service as a member of

that body proved ready in his discrimination between bills calculated

to promote the general welfare and those inimical to the good of the

commonwealth. He makes his home in the city of Walla Walla, but gives

careful supervision to the operation of his farm of two hundred and

sixty acres.

Mr. Kees was married in 1891 to Miss Susan M. Stetson, a native of

Oregon and a daughter of Clinton and Mary (Dixon) Stetson, the former

born in New York state and the latter in Illinois. In 1849 the father

went to California and later removed successively to Oregon and to

Walla Walla county. He was married in the northwest and took up a

homestead in Umatilla county, near the state line. He at once set about

bringing that place under cultivation and continued to operate it until

his death in 1872. His widow still resides there. They were the parents

of four children, all of whom are still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Kees

has been born a daughter, Arline, who is a graduate of Pullman College

and is the wife of Harry Struthers, by whom she has a daughter, Dorothy

Susan.

Mr. Kees is a stanch republican and has filled a number of local

offices in addition to serving as sheriff and state representative.

His official record is one of which he has just cause to be proud,

for he has consistently sought to further the general welfare and has

discharged his duties with signal ability. Fraternally he belongs to

the Elks, the Knights of Pythias and the Eagles, and his friends are

many both within and without these organizations.

WILLIAM A. STRUTHERS.

William A. Struthers, one of the foremost farmers and largest wheat

growers of Walla Walla county, makes his home in the city of Walla

Walla and from that point superintends his extensive agricultural

interests. He was born in Cannon City, Rice county, Minnesota, December

24, 1867, a son of James and Margaret (McDonald) Struthers, the former

a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and the latter of Canada. They were

married, however, in Wisconsin, the father having come to the United

States when a young man. He was a blacksmith by trade and soon after

his marriage he removed to Cannon City, Minnesota, where the active

years of his life were spent at the forge.

William A. Struthers was educated in the public schools of his native

city and when twenty years of age he left the Mississippi valley for

the Pacific slope. He made his way to Walla Walla, where he engaged in

farming. For several years following his arrival he worked for wages

in the employ of his brother George and in 1897 he began farming on

his own account. For ten years he cultivated rented land, operating

fifteen hundred acres on the Eureka Flats. About 1907 he purchased the

W. H. Babcock farm of twenty-two hundred and forty acres, on which

he resided until June, 1917, when he became owner of the Dr. C. N.

Suttner residence at the corner of Palouse and Birch streets in Walla

Walla. This is one of the finest homes in the city and is now occupied

by Mr. Struthers and his family. His farm, also, is one of the best

equipped and most conveniently and comfortably arranged of any in Walla

Walla county. The numerous buildings are large, airy and commodious.

They are strictly modern in every particular and the residence is

elegantly appointed with all the latest conveniences, as Mr. and Mrs.

Struthers made many improvements thereon, intending it at that time

for their permanent home. The grounds are beautifully laid out and

planted with well kept shrubs, while the lawns are interspersed with

rare flowerbeds. The business facilities of the place are looked after

with equally painstaking care and there are even laid sidetracks from

the railroad to the barns to facilitate loading and shipping. Mr.

Struthers still personally superintends his extensive farming interests

and has become one of the leading and representative agriculturists

of this section of the state. He has kept in close touch with the

most progressive methods of farming and wheat growing and the latest

improved machinery is seen upon his land, used in connection with the

plowing, planting and harvesting of the crops. Indeed, there is in

evidence every convenience and accessory of a model farm property of

the present day.

In 1893 Mr. Struthers was united in marriage to Miss Maggie McDonald,

her father being P. J. McDonald, then of Walla Walla county but now

a resident of Sprague, Washington. They became the parents of two

children, of whom one survives, Hazel, who is now the wife of P. J.

Tully, of Sprague, Washington. The wife and mother passed away in 1903

and in 1905 Mr. Struthers was again married, his second union being

with Miss Lucy B. Labudde, a daughter of Gustav Labudde, of Eureka,

Walla Walla county. By his second wife Mr. Struthers has four children,

Selma, Helen, Bernice and Jack.

[Illustration: WILLIAM A. STRUTHERS]

[Illustration: RESIDENCE OF WILLIAM A. STRUTHERS]

In politics Mr. Struthers is a democrat and for twenty years was a

member of the school board of District No. 2. He does everything in

his power to insure the success of his party and extend its influence

but has never been a politician for the sake of office. He belongs

to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E., and he and his wife are

consistent members of the Congregational church. An analyzation of his

career shows that he has always placed his dependence upon industry and

perseverance rather than upon fortunate circumstances or the assistance

of friends. In other words he has not been afraid of hard work and

his close application and intelligently directed effort have been the

means of winning for him a position among the prosperous citizens of

southeastern Washington.

CHARLES C. MAIDEN.

Charles C. Maiden, a progressive and up-to-date farmer of Walla Walla

county, residing on section 9, township 6 north, range 35 east, was

born in Virginia, February 28, 1865. His parents, James F. and Mary

A. (Dutton) Maiden, were both born in Virginia and there passed their

entire lives. They were the parents of ten children, but only four

survive.

Charles C. Maiden grew to manhood in his native state and is indebted

for his education to its common schools. In 1886, after attaining his

majority, he removed to Kansas and three years later again started

west, this time with the Pacific coast country as his destination.

For two years he worked as a farm hand in Walla Walla county and

then for four years operated rented land. At the end of that time he

had saved enough money to purchase sixteen acres of rich land, well

adapted to gardening, and on that place he has since remained. He now

owns, however, one hundred and thirty-five acres devoted to truck

gardening and to the raising of alfalfa. He has erected commodious and

substantial buildings upon this place and otherwise improved it, thus

adding greatly to its value.

Mr. Maiden was married on December 31, 1890, to Miss Laura D. Reynolds,

a native of Illinois. Her parents, Evan and Urana (Stiles) Reynolds,

were born respectively in Kentucky and Ohio. They became residents

of Walla Walla county in 1881, and both lived upon their farm in

that county until called by death. Mrs. Maiden is one of five living

children in a family of twelve. By her marriage she has become the

mother of two children: Florence D., the wife of F. A. Cline, of Clyde,

Washington; and Franklin R., who is at home.

Mr. Maiden is a stalwart democrat in politics and for eleven years has

held the office of accessor and for more than twenty years was a member

of the school board. The length of his public service is proof of his

ability and trustworthiness. Fraternally he belongs to Enterprise

Lodge, No. 12, I. O. O. F., and the principles which guide his life

are further indicated in the fact that both he and his wife belong to

the Baptist church. When he came to Walla Walla county he was without

capital and without influential friends, but he was quick to recognize

the opportunities here offered and through taking advantage of all

chances for advancement that have presented themselves he is now in

comfortable circumstances.

CHARLES E. SHAFFER.

Charles E. Shaffer, who is farming in Walla Walla county, Washington,

was born in Pennsylvania, July 2, 1862, a son of Christopher and Mary

M. (Eckard) Shaffer, both natives of Germany. In 1840 they came to

America and later were here married. They were for many years residents

of Pennsylvania and there both passed away.

Charles E. Shaffer, who is one of four living children of a family of

six, was reared and educated in Pennsylvania but in 1880, when about

eighteen years old, went to California, where he remained for a short

time. He then removed to Walla Walla county, Washington, where for

a number of years he was employed by the Oregon-Washington Railroad

& Navigation Company. In 1884 he returned to California, where he

farmed for a decade, but in 1896 he returned to Walla Walla county and

bought the farm of six hundred and forty acres which he still owns.

He engaged in the cultivation of the soil until 1908, when he went to

Dayton, where he bought a half interest in the J. W. Stevens hardware

business, with which he was connected until 1914. He then removed to

Waitsburg, where he has since resided. Whether engaged in farming or

in the hardware business he has manifested a ready recognition of

opportunities for advancement and has managed his affairs in an able

manner. He is one of the directors of the Farmers Union Warehouse

Company.

In 1887 Mr. Shaffer was married to Miss Amanda Scott, who was born in

Baker county, Oregon, a daughter of John B. and Amanda M. (Cantonwine)

Scott, the former of whom was born in the east and the latter in Iowa.

They were pioneers of Baker county, Oregon, and both met death at the

hands of the Indians. They were a young couple living beside the old

Emigrant road on Lower Burnt river. It was about half a century ago

that they started with a load of peaches and vegetables for the little

mining town of Rye Valley, about eight miles distant, expecting to do

some trading and also visit friends whom they thought they would meet

at a dance that night. The next day they started home, Mr. and Mrs.

Scott occupying the wagon seat and their two-year-old boy and baby girl

asleep in the bottom of the wagon. Suddenly the Indians sprang from

ambush with yells and delivered their fire at close range. Mr. Scott

plunged forward across the dashboard dead and dropped the reins between

the horses, but his wife caught him and dragged him back into the

wagon. The team, of course, started to run, but she climbed over the

dashboard to the wagon tongue, secured the trailing lines and regained

her place in the wagon, where she crouched low, followed by many

bullets. She guided the frightened animals down the difficult road,

forded Burnt river at the foot of the hill and proceeded to her home.

She had saved her husband's body and herself and the lives of their

children, but received two mortal wounds. To those present she told

her story, made her verbal will, consigning her babies to the care of

their grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. George Cantonwine, of Walla Walla.

She left in the hands of a neighbor the gold watch and chain which she

took from her neck, with the request that they be given to her parents

for her little daughter. If ever Oregon produced a heroine the girlish

looking Mrs. Scott was she.

Mr. and Mrs. Shaffer have become the parents of five children, namely:

Ernest M., of Spokane, Washington; Mary Ada, the wife of W. E. Volmer;

Charles P., who is farming with his father; Audrey Grace, who is in

high school; and Clarence, who is an eighth grade student.

Mr. Shaffer is a stanch republican and for two terms served as county

commissioner. He has also been a member of the school board and

many projects for the public welfare have benefited by his hearty

co-operation. His fraternal connections are with Lodge No. 135, I. O.

O. F., of Dayton, and with the Ancient Order of United Workmen. His

wife belongs to the Congregational church and is much interested in

its various activities. They have made many friends in Waitsburg since

removing here and are well and favorably known throughout the county.

DOUGLAS V. WOOD.

Douglas V. Wood is the senior partner of the firm of Wood & Lane,

prominent and successful dealers in automobiles in Walla Walla. He was

born in middle Tennessee, on the 5th of October, 1859, a son of William

and Elizabeth Wood. The father served as a soldier of the Union army in

the Civil war and died while at the front.

Douglas V. Wood was educated in the public schools and in Mount Vale

Academy, now Mount Vale College, at Celina, Tennessee. He took up the

profession of teaching and in 1885 he came west to Walla Walla county,

after which he was employed as teacher in the Waitsburg schools for two

years. On the expiration of that period he turned his attention to the

real estate and insurance business and also engaged in grain buying,

with which undertaking he was identified in Waitsburg for fifteen

years. He later spent two years in traveling over the country and in

1908 he took up his abode in Walla Walla. After one year devoted to the

real estate business he turned his attention to the automobile trade

and in 1911 sold an interest to C. B. Lane, thus forming the firm of

Wood & Lane. The firm has the agency for the White, the Cadillac, the

Oldsmobile and the Maxwell cars, and thus handling moderate and high

priced cars, they do one of the largest automobile businesses in Walla

Walla. They also maintain a splendidly equipped garage and their repair

department is meeting with excellent success, while their annual sales

of motor cars have reached a large figure.

On the 25th of December, 1888, Mr. Wood was united in marriage to Miss

Laura R. Lane, a daughter of Joseph and Mary Lane, who were among the

pioneer families of the county. To Mr. and Mrs. Wood have been born

three children: Merrill D., who is a practicing physician of Spokane;

Robert V., at home; and one who has passed away.

In politics Mr. Wood is a stalwart democrat and has served as a member

of the town council of Waitsburg and was also mayor there for a number

of years. His record as a public official is one which has brought

to him honor and respect by reason of his loyalty to duty and his

faithfulness in the performance of every task that devolves upon him.

Fraternally he is connected with Touchet Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F.,

of Waitsburg, and with the Woodmen of the World. He and his wife are

members of the Presbyterian church and are interested in its growth and

development. Aside from his automobile interests Mr. Wood became one

of the organizers of the Peoples State Bank and has continuously been

one of its directors. His activities and his interests are thus broad

and varied and he has done much to further the material, intellectual,

social and moral progress of the community in which he resides. His aid

and influence are always on the side of improvement and advancement and

his labors have been resultant forces.

MRS. MARTHA ELLEN KIBLINGER BECKER.

Mrs. Martha Ellen Becker is living on section 6, township 7 north,

range 35 east, Walla Walla county, and is the owner of a valuable farm

property of six hundred and forty acres. She was born in Vermilion

county, Illinois, and crossed the plains in 1861 in company with her

parents, Jacob P. and Amanda A. (Rutledge) Kiblinger, both of whom

were natives of the Prairie state. At length they determined to try

their fortune in the northwest and made the long journey over the hot

stretches of sand and across the mountains to Oregon, taking up their

abode near Salem. Mrs. Becker was therefore reared and educated in

Oregon and experienced all of the hardships and privations incident

to the settlement of the frontier. After reaching young womanhood

she gave her hand in marriage to Edwin F. Coffin and in 1879 they

removed to the Walla Walla valley, where three years later they

took up as a homestead the farm upon the Little Walla Walla river

where Mrs. Becker still resides. Mr. Coffin bent his energies to the

development and improvement of that place and his labors wrought a

marked transformation in its appearance, for he broke the sod, tilled

the fields and in course of years gathered good harvests, having

brought all of the land under cultivation. Mrs. Becker now owns here

six hundred and forty acres, constituting a very valuable farm on

which are found all of the modern improvements and the accessories and

conveniences known to the model farm of the twentieth century. She has

continued to reside here since she took up her abode upon the place

with her first husband and upon this farm she has reared her family of

three children, two daughters and a son. The eldest, Myrtle, is the

wife of Arthur Beard. The second daughter, Lula May, has become the

wife of Fred Elsworth, of Deer Park, Washington, and the son, Guy H.,

remains upon the old homestead. After the death of Mr. Coffin, his

widow became the wife of Philip Becker and to them have been born three

children: Philip A. I.; Dora May, who is the wife of James Beeson;

and George A., who is at home with his mother. Mrs. Becker is a very

capable business woman, alert and energetic, and has successfully

managed and controlled her farming interests. Her long residence in

the county has made her largely familiar with events which have shaped

the history of this section of the state. She can relate many an

interesting tale of the early days and of the pioneer experiences which

came to the lot of all those who settled in this section of the state

when it was yet a frontier region. She has gained many friends during

the years of her residence here and is highly esteemed by all who know

her.

[Illustration: MRS. MARTHA E. K. BECKER]

PATRICK J. HUGHES.

Patrick J. Hughes, one of the most successful farmers of Walla Walla

county, was born in Westmeath, Ireland, in 1872, a son of Andrew and

Delia (Kenan) Hughes. The father is still living in Westmeath, but the

mother passed away, there, about 1894.

Their son, Patrick J. Hughes, was educated in the public schools of his

native country and on reaching young manhood came to the United States,

crossing the Atlantic in 1891. He landed in New York city on the 7th

or 8th of May in that year and spent one week in the metropolis. He

afterward came to the west, arriving in Walla Walla, Washington, with

a cash capital of fifteen dollars, which was his entire possession in

the way of finances. He was met at the train by Chris Ennis, who had

been a friend of his parents in Ireland and who took him to his home,

making him welcome there, for a week, after which he put him to work

on his ranch at the wage of a dollar per day. He continued to work for

wages for nine years, during which time he saved in the neighborhood of

two thousand dollars. With this capital he started upon an independent

career as a farmer. His beginning was a modest one as he rented land

from Mr. Ennis, thus cultivating fourteen hundred and eighty acres.

This farm he has since operated under lease and about 1903 he bought

his first land, becoming owner of what was known as the Hastings ranch

of three hundred and eighty-five acres. To his original purchase he had

added from time to time until he now has nine hundred and thirty acres

in that place. In 1915 he bought the Osborn ranch of twelve hundred

and forty-four acres, for which he paid eighty thousand dollars. In

1917 he bought eighteen hundred and eighty-nine acres, and it may be

said to be a curious coincidence that this is the very farm on which

he first worked at a dollar per day upon coming to this country. For

this property Mr. Hughes paid the munificent figure of two hundred and

eighty-three thousand, five hundred dollars, or a little more than

one hundred and fifty dollars per acre. Such is the notable record of

Mr. Hughes, who a little more than twenty years ago arrived in Walla

Walla county a poor boy with fifteen dollars in his pocket. He has

accomplished what few others have done in so short a space of time,

making himself one of the wheat kings of the Inland Empire. Mr. Hughes

also has three brothers in Walla Walla county and all of them are

successful as ranchers.

In politics Mr. Hughes has always maintained an independent course,

voting for men and measures rather than party. His religious faith is

that of the Catholic church. He is one of Walla Walla's most esteemed

and valued citizens. He belongs to that class of resourceful men,

who when one avenue of opportunity seems closed carves out another

path whereby he can reach the desired goal. In a word, obstacles and

difficulties have never been allowed to brook his course, but have been

overcome by persistent, earnest effort and steadily he has progressed,

reaching a most enviable and creditable position among the prosperous

residents of the Inland Empire. His record may well serve to inspire

and encourage others, for it is a story of honesty and thrift, the

story of successful accomplishment through individual effort.

HERBERT C. BRYSON.

Herbert C. Bryson has won a conspicuous and honorable position in the

ranks of the legal fraternity at Walla Walla, Washington, and is also

most prominently and successfully connected with the sheep raising

industry of the northwest. He was born in Athena, Oregon, on the

10th of February, 1879, and the spirit of western enterprise finds

expression in all that he does and says. He is a son of Charles K. and

Armilda C. (Darland) Bryson, the former a native of Kentucky, while

the latter was born in Iowa. They came with their respective parents

to the northwest and were married in Oregon. The father was one of

the pioneers of Umatilla county, where he arrived in the early '70s,

and for many years he was actively engaged in farming there. He still

survives and now makes his home with a daughter in Enterprise, Oregon.

His wife, however, passed away in December, 1894.

Herbert C. Bryson was reared on the old homestead farm in Umatilla

county, Oregon, and early became familiar with the duties and labors

that fall to the lot of the agriculturist, for his youthful days were

divided between the work of the fields, the pleasures of the playground

and the duties of the schoolroom. After attending the public schools

of eastern Oregon he continued his studies in the State Normal at

Weston, Oregon, and subsequently became a student in the University of

Oregon, from which he was graduated with the class of 1899, winning

the LL. B. degree. He had determined to make the practice of law his

life work and his preparation therefore was most thorough. Following

his graduation he opened an office in Grant's Pass, Oregon, where he

entered upon the active work of the profession. In February, 1900, he

came to Walla Walla, where he formed a law partnership with Oscar Cain,

who was afterward United States attorney and is now located in Spokane.

This partnership existed up to May, 1907, when Mr. Bryson was appointed

deputy district attorney under Otto B. Rupp, in which capacity he

served for two years. Since 1909 he has been practicing independently

and in the intervening period of eight years he has gained a place

in the front rank of the successful attorneys of Walla Walla county.

He is thoroughly familiar with the principles of jurisprudence, is

careful and painstaking in the preparation of his cases, is logical in

his deductions and clear and sound in his reasoning. Aside from his

law practice Mr. Bryson has gained a prominent position in connection

with the sheep industry in the northwest. For a number of years he was

actively engaged in the business in connection with Henry C. Adams, the

pioneer banker and stockman of eastern Oregon and the founder of the

town of Adams, Umatilla county. After the death of Mr. Adams in August,

1910, his interests were taken over by Mr. Bryson, their extensive

sheep holdings including some twelve thousand acres of land and vast

grazing privileges. His brother, Elmer D. Bryson, was placed in charge

of the business, which in 1916 was incorporated under the name of the

Bryson-Robison Corporation. This company has headquarters at Slater,

Washington, with their large land holdings in Walla Walla county and

their extensive grazing privileges in the Wenaha national forest in

Oregon. This company is conducting the most extensive business in

connection with sheep raising in northeastern Oregon or southeastern

Washington. Mr. Bryson has closely studied every phase of the business

and his intelligent direction of their interests has been a salient

feature in their substantial success.

[Illustration: HERBERT C. BRYSON]

On the 16th of October, 1899, Mr. Bryson was united in marriage to

Miss Daisy Downing, of San Jose, California, and they have become the

parents of a daughter, Juanita C., who is now a sophomore in the high

school.

In politics Mr. Bryson is a republican and fraternally he is connected

with Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M., and he and his wife are

members of Alki Chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star. He is also

a member of Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E., Columbia Lodge,

No. 8, K. P., and Trinity Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F.; also of the

Walla Walla Commercial Club and the Walla Walla Golf Club. His wife

and daughter are members of the Episcopal church. In his professional

connections Mr. Bryson is prominently known and is now vice president

of the Walla Walla County Bar Association. He was also the organizer of

the Wenaha Wool Growers' Association in 1905 and remained its president

for four years, when he retired from active work in connection with

the sheep industry, turning over the management of his interests to

his brother. His ability both in business and professional circles is

pronounced. He has ever held to high ideals, toward which he has made

steady advancement, utilizing every opportunity that would bring him

nearer the desired goal. His business career is indeed a creditable

one, representing the force of active and intelligently directed

effort, and his labors in connection with the sheep industry have done

much to utilize the natural resources of the state. In a profession

where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit he has also

steadily progressed and his thorough understanding of the law and

ability to accurately apply its principles have made him one of the

foremost attorneys of the bar of the Inland Empire.

JAMES F. ROSE.

James F. Rose, an honored pioneer of Garfield county, still resides

upon his farm on section 17, township 10 north, range 42 east, but

leaves its operation to others and is enjoying well earned leisure.

He was born in Adams county, Ohio, February 5, 1839, a son of Israel

and Mary (Peyton) Rose, who were also natives of the Buckeye state.

He grew to manhood in that state and obtained his education in its

schools, but in 1862 accompanied his parents to Walla Walla county,

Washington, the journey being made by ox team. The father took up land

but at length removed to Baker county, Oregon, where both he and the

mother died. Two of their six children survive, including our subject,

who was reared to agricultural pursuits. On accompanying his parents

to Walla Walla county he took up his homestead on his present farm,

which is situated on section 17, township 10 north, range 42 east,

in Garfield county, which has been erected out of Old Walla Walla

county. He owns four hundred and forty acres, nearly all of which is

well adapted to the raising of wheat, and the fertile soil has yielded

abundant crops in response to his well directed labors. For many years

he personally operated his farm but is now living retired.

Mr. Rose was first married in 1865. Later he again married, choosing

as his bride Mrs. Amanda (Fletcher) Jennings, and they have become the

parents of two children: Frank, who is farming the homestead; and Lee,

who is also an agriculturist by occupation.

Mr. Rose supports the democratic party at the polls but has never cared

to take an active part in public affairs. He is a self-made man, having

at all times relied solely upon his own resources for advancement.

His accounts of conditions in Garfield county in the early days are

very interesting and there is no one now living better informed on the

history of the first settlement here, for he was the first man to take

up land in his locality. He has always felt a keen interest in the

development of the county and has thoroughly identified his interests

with those of his community.

ANSON B. WOODS.

Since 1911 Anson B. Woods has resided in Walla Walla, enjoying a

leisure made possible by his well directed labors as a farmer in former

years. He was born in Iowa, near Dubuque, September 12, 1864, a son

of James and Margaret (Daugherty) Woods, both of whom were born in

Pennsylvania. However, they were taken to Iowa as children by their

respective parents and there grew to mature years and were married.

In 1883 they removed to Oregon and located upon a farm in Wasco, now

Sherman, county, to the operation of which the father devotes his

labors, and there both he and his wife are still making their home.

Anson B. Woods, who is one of a family of nine children, all of whom

survive, was reared at home and attended the public schools of Iowa in

the acquirement of his education. He was eighteen years of age at the

time of the removal of the family to Oregon and at once began farming

in that part of Wasco county, which has now become Sherman county. In

1896 he removed to Umatilla county and took up his residence upon a

farm of four hundred and eighty acres which he purchased and which he

still owns. For fifteen years his time and attention were completely

taken up with the operation of that place, which is in a high state of

cultivation and is well improved. As he was progressive in his methods

and at the same time managed his business affairs well his resources

steadily increased and in 1911 he retired and removed to Walla Walla,

purchasing a comfortable residence on Boyer avenue.

Mr. Woods was married in 1895 to Miss Eliza McDonald, a native of

Canada, and a daughter of D. M. and Ellen McDonald. The father died

in July, 1914, and the mother makes her home still in Walla Walla. Mr.

and Mrs. Woods have a daughter, Nellie Faith. They belong to the United

Brethren church and for a number of years Mr. Woods has served capably

as superintendent of the Sunday school. He supports the candidates

and measures of the democratic party at the polls and while living

in Oregon was, for some time, a member of the school board. He is a

self-made man, having at all times depended upon his own powers and

resources for advancement, and the success which he has gained is proof

of his ability and energy.

JESSE D. SCOGGIN.

Jesse D. Scoggin, a prosperous and well known farmer residing on

section 20, township 10 north, range 42 east, Garfield county, was

born in Wisconsin, May 24, 1860, a son of J. G. and Olive (Madry)

Scoggin, the former of whom was born in North Carolina and the latter

in Tennessee. Following their marriage, which occurred in Jo Daviess

county, Illinois, they went to Wisconsin and there remained for

nineteen years. In 1865 they removed to Nebraska and twelve years later

came to Washington, taking up as a homestead the farm now operated by

our subject. There both the parents passed away. To them were born

eleven children, of whom seven survive.

Jesse D. Scoggin obtained a public school education and received

thorough training in farm work through assisting his father. He was

seventeen years old at the time of the removal of the family to

Washington and has since resided upon the family homestead here. He

engaged in its operation in partnership with his father for a number of

years but at length purchased the place and in the intervening years

has added to the improvements thereon. He now owns four hundred and

eighty acres, part of which is devoted to the growing of wheat and part

to pasture, as he also engages in stock raising.

In 1884 Mr. Scoggin was married to Miss Jennie Janeway, a native of

Jasper county, Iowa. They have three adopted children, Marie, Nellie

and Leslie.

Mr. Scoggin is an adherent of the democratic party but has been content

to remain a private citizen, leaving office holding to others. In

giving the most careful attention to the development of his farm he has

not only promoted his own financial interests but has also had a part

in the agricultural development of Garfield county.

EDWARD C. RUCHERT.

Edward C. Ruchert, a prosperous and wide-awake young farmer operating

two thousand acres of wheat and pasture land, with residence on section

19, township 12 north, range 42 east, Garfield county, is a son of Fred

and Minnie (Garphard) Ruchert, both of whom were born in Germany. In

1877 they emigrated to America and for eight years resided in Wisconsin

but at the end of that time removed to Oregon, whence in 1889 they

went to Assotin county, Washington. The father took up a homestead

there and for some time engaged in its development but at length

removed to Idaho, where he and his wife resided for ten years. They

then came to Garfield county, Washington, and here the mother passed

away in 1915, while the father makes his home with his son, Edward C.

The last named, who is one of a family of eight children, all of whom

survive, received adequate educational advantages, attending the public

schools. His father also trained him carefully in farm work and at the

age of eighteen years he found employment as a farm hand. In 1910 he

began operating land on his own account and he now farms two thousand

acres, part of which is pasture land, while the remainder is given over

to the growing of wheat. His successful management of such extensive

farming interests is possible only because he is systematic in his

work, enterprising in his methods and because he utilizes the most

improved farm machinery.

In 1915 Mr. Ruchert was married to Miss Anna Boyd, a native of North

Dakota. In politics he is a strong republican and he is now filling

the office of deputy game warden, in which capacity he is making

a creditable record. Although he has been dependent upon his own

resources for advancement he has already gained a measure of success

that many a man twenty years his senior might well envy. He is strongly

imbued with the characteristic western spirit of enterprise and

self-reliance and is justly accounted one of the leading citizens of

Garfield county.

JAMES C. ROBERTSON.

For more than a third of a century James C. Robertson has been

identified with the farming interests of Garfield county and now

carries on general agricultural pursuits on section 25, township 11

north, range 41 east, where he owns three hundred and seventeen acres

and cultivates part of this tract or about one hundred and fifty

acres. He started out in life empty-handed, so that whatever success

he has achieved is attributable entirely to his persistent efforts and

intelligently directed industry. He was born on Prince Edward Island,

Canada, September 30, 1862, a son of John and Mary (Steel) Robertson,

who are mentioned in connection with the sketch of their son, John

Robertson, on another page of this work.

James C. Robertson spent the first ten years of his life in Canada and

in 1873 accompanied his parents to California, where the family home

was maintained until 1882. In the meantime the father died and the

mother, accompanied by her family of four sons and a daughter, then

came to Washington. James C. Robertson had been a pupil in the public

schools of Canada and of California and was a youth of fifteen years

at the time of his father's death. Being the oldest of the children,

much of the responsibility of the farm work devolved upon him and he

bravely met the task that was a heavy burden for young shoulders. In

the spring of 1882 he came to Washington, making the trip in advance

of the family. He journeyed northward with an uncle and on the 10th

of May they arrived at Pomeroy. That fall the mother and his brothers

and sister came and in connection with his brothers, Samuel N. and

John, James C. Robertson began farming in a partnership relation that

existed for twenty years. Unusual harmony existed between the family,

the tie that binds them being very close. The brothers persistently and

energetically continued the work of improving their fields and, as the

years passed on, success in substantial measure rewarded their efforts.

At length they divided their interests and James C. Robertson is today

the owner of three hundred and seventeen acres of land, part of which

he has brought under a high state of cultivation, his fields returning

to him a gratifying annual income.

[Illustration: MR. AND MRS. JAMES C. ROBERTSON]

In 1888 was celebrated the marriage of James C. Robertson and Miss

Ollie M. Swank, of Garfield county, a daughter of John Swank, who is

now in Orofino, Idaho, but was one of the earliest of the pioneer

settlers of Garfield county. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson have become the

parents of seven children, as follows: Rosella, who is the wife of C.

E. Lewis, a farmer of Garfield county, Washington; Elvira, who gave her

hand in marriage to Henry Rucket, an agriculturist of Garfield county;

Fay, who is the wife of W. A. Lewis, a farmer of Garfield county; and

Floyd, Belinda, Sybil and Byron, all at home. The wife and mother

passed away February 13, 1905, and is laid to rest in the Petowa Flats

cemetery, her demise causing deep sorrow to family and friends.

Mr. Robertson usually exercises his right of franchise in support of

the men and measures of the republican party yet is liberal in his

views and does not hesitate to vote for a candidate of the opposing

party if his judgment dictates this to be the best course. He belongs

to Harmony Lodge, No. 16, I. O. O. F., of Pomeroy; and to Pomeroy

Lodge, K. P. He ranks with the leading farmers of Tatman Gulch and he

well merits the high regard in which he is uniformly held, for his

has been an active, useful and honorable life. He has concentrated

his efforts and attention upon his business interests, has never been

known to take advantage of the necessities of another in a business

transaction, but along legitimate lines has won the success that places

him among the substantial residents of his section of the state.

ALEXANDER RAY.

Alexander Ray, one of the largest grain and stock raisers of Walla

Walla county, residing on what is known as the Sharp farm, on the

Touchet river, was born in Hamilton county, Illinois, September 21,

1867, a son of A. M. and Rachel (Upton) Ray, both natives of the

Prairie state, where they passed their entire lives. To them were born

ten children, of whom five survive.

Alexander Ray remained at home until he was seventeen years of age and

during that time acquired a common school education. In 1884 he crossed

the plains of Walla Walla county, Washington, and for seven years was

employed as a common laborer. He then bought land near Dayton and for

twenty years gave his undivided time and attention to the cultivation

of his farm there. In 1911 he disposed of that place and for five

years rented land, but in 1916 bought twelve hundred acres of the old

Rodgers ranch, which he operates, together with the farm where he now

resides, which comprises twelve hundred and forty acres. That place is

on section 16, township 10, north, range 35, and is known as the Sharp

farm. He raises wheat and stock and derives a good income from both

branches of his business.

In 1890 Mr. Ray was united in marriage to Miss Laura Bates, who was

born in Nebraska, and they have become the parents of eight children:

Alfred, who is a graduate of Whitman College and is now assisting his

father; Ethel, the wife of William Kyme; Irl, who is now a student in

Pullman College; Myrtle, the wife of Earl Jamison, of Montana; Ivory,

who married A. McLaughlin; and Goldie, Wanda and Alton.

Mr. Ray supports the democratic party at the polls and takes the

interest of a public-spirited citizen in governmental affairs, has

never been an aspirant for office however, and always casts his

influence on the side of right and justice. His wife belongs to the

Methodist Episcopal church. In addition to his extensive holdings in

Washington he owns a quarter section of land in Idaho which is also

well improved. He possesses great energy and is a hard worker, giving

the most careful personal supervision to all phases of his extensive

agricultural operations.

CHARLES SNODERLEY.

Charles Snoderley, who follows farming on section 1, township 12 north,

range 41 east, in Garfield county, was born in Page county, Iowa, on

the 3d of September, 1866, but the greater part of his life has been

passed upon the Pacific coast, for at a very early age he came to the

west with his parents, Alfred and Bertha Snoderley, who were natives of

Indiana and of Tennessee respectively. They continued their residence

in Iowa until early in the '70s, when they crossed the plains to

California, and a year later they removed to the Willamette valley in

Oregon, where they remained for three years. On the expiration of that

period they made their way to Washington and established their home in

the Falling Spring district of Garfield county, where the father took

up a homestead, upon which he continued to reside until his death,

actively engaged in farming throughout the intervening period.

Charles Snoderley was reared upon the old home place and acquired his

education in the district schools, but educational facilities at that

time were very limited and, moreover, during much of his youth he

had to work, his services being needed upon the home farm. When his

father died he was not yet twenty-one years of age but he took charge

of the home farm and became the head of the family. Later he took

up a homestead in Coyote Gulch, on which he resided for a number of

years, and about 1905 he removed to his present home farm, which he had

previously purchased. He has prospered as the years have gone by, for

he has worked diligently and persistently, knowing that industry is

the basis of all legitimate and honorable success. He now owns seven

hundred acres of land in the home farm and he also leases four hundred

and eighty acres, all of which he rents to other parties.

[Illustration: CHARLES SNODERLEY]

In his political views Mr. Snoderley is a democrat, voting for the

men and measures of the party but not seeking office. Fraternally he

is connected with the Independent Order of Foresters. He has proven

himself a financier as well as a farmer in the capable management of

his business interests and investments and today he is ranked among the

successful and substantial residents of Garfield county, where he has

made his home for many years.

MILFORD H. BROUGHTON.

The northwest with its pulsing industrial activities, its unlimited

opportunities and its many resources which constitute a call for

action, has drawn to it a large number of progressive men who have

achieved success in this field. Prominent among the number is Milford

H. Broughton, the president and manager of the Walla Walla Iron Works

of Walla Walla, Washington. He was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, on

the 8th of June, 1875, his parents being Edward and Jennie (Hersey)

Broughton, the former a native of New York, while the latter was born

in the Badger state. They were married in Wisconsin, to which state the

father had migrated as a young man. He was a farmer by occupation and

he lived in the middle west until 1879, when he came to Washington,

establishing his home in Walla Walla county. Subsequently he removed

to Umatilla county, Oregon, where he operated a farm for ten or eleven

years, and then took up his abode in the city of Walla Walla in order

that he might give his children the benefit of education in the city

schools. Here he passed away in 1900 and is still survived by his

widow, who yet makes her home in Walla Walla.

Milford H. Broughton is indebted to the public school system of Walla

Walla for his early educational opportunities. He afterward became a

student in Whitman College, which he attended for four years, but his

course was interrupted by the outbreak of the Spanish-American war,

which made a strong appeal to his patriotic spirit and to this appeal

he responded, enlisting for active service in April, 1898. He went to

the Philippines as a member of Company I, First Washington Volunteer

Regiment, and was mustered out in November, 1899, after having done

active duty in the orient.

During the spring following his return Mr. Broughton began work in

the plant of the Gilbert Hunt Manufacturing Company of Walla Walla,

where he was employed for four years. He next became instrumental

in the organization of the Severance-Broughton Company, which was

incorporated for the manufacture of iron products and agricultural

machinery. In 1909 Mr. Broughton acquired the interest of his partner

in the business, which was reorganized at that time under the firm name

of the Walla Walla Iron Works, Mr. Broughton becoming the president

and manager of the business, in which dual capacity he has since

served. Under his control the business has become one of the most

important productive industries of the city, the trade extending over

a vast territory, the output being shipped as far south as San Jose,

California, and as far east as Battle Creek, Michigan. The volume of

their business, however is done on the Pacific coast, there being a

liberal home market for all their product. The plant is thoroughly

equipped with the latest improved machinery and is operated according

to the most modern processes. The business is carefully systematized

with the result that there is no loss of time, labor or material.

On the 10th of December, 1900, Mr. Broughton was married to Miss

Mandana Bryant, of Walla Walla, a daughter of John P. Bryant, one of

the pioneers of this city, now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Broughton have

become the parents of two children, Viretta and Loree.

In his political views Mr. Broughton is an earnest republican but

has never been an aspirant for office. He has membership with the

Spanish-American War Veterans and with the Loyal Order of Moose. He

is also connected with the Commercial Club of Walla Walla. He and his

wife are of the Christian Science faith and in social circles of the

city they occupy an enviable position, having the warm regard of all

with whom they have been brought in contact. In business circles Mr.

Broughton is recognized as a strong man, strong in his honor and his

good name, strong in his ability to plan and to perform. Persistency

of purpose has been one of the strong factors in his growing success,

combined with a thorough understanding of the business in which he

engages and a close study of trade conditions at large. His efforts,

too, have ever been of a character that have contributed to public

progress as well as to individual prosperity.

RICHARD J. TOMPKINS.

Seemingly insurmountable obstacles have at times barred the path of

Richard J. Tompkins, but with resolute purpose and determination he

has sought out paths which would lead him around his difficulties and

enable him to continue on the road to success. Many a man of less

resolute purpose would have become utterly discouraged. He has never

been afraid of hard work and his determination and energy have carried

him steadily forward to the goal of prosperity. Mr. Tompkins is now

residing in Walla Walla, from which point he controls his farming

interests. His life record should serve to inspire and encourage

others, showing what may be accomplished when one has the will to dare

and to do.

Mr. Tompkins was born in Pike county, Missouri, August 20, 1862, a

son of William and Melinda (Carter) Tompkins. The father was a native

of Missouri, while the mother was probably also born in that state.

William Tompkins died when his son Richard was a youth of fourteen

years. He was the fourth in a family of eight children and at seventeen

years of age he took charge of the home farm, which he managed until

he reached his twenty-fourth year, when a younger brother became old

enough to take care of the mother. Then our subject, in the spring of

1887, made his way westward to Washington. Here he entered the employ

of A. C. Wellman on the Eureka Flats, Mr. Wellman having been an old

friend of his father in Missouri. During the first summer he worked

for a dollar per day. The following summer he received thirty dollars

per month, working for J. C. Painter, and that summer he purchased a

team, harness and wagon and went to work on the construction of the

Washington & Columbia Railroad.

[Illustration: RICHARD J. TOMPKINS]

In the spring of 1889 Mr. Tompkins bought a quit claim deed to a

preemption of eighty acres, on which he filed as a preemption. He

rigged up a five horse gang plow, plowed his own place and then hired

out to plow for others, utilizing all his time that summer and fall in

that manner. In 1890 he bought eighty acres adjoining, proved up on the

preemption and mortgaged the one hundred and sixty acres. He cultivated

his farm and continued to work out for others during those hard times.

In the summer of 1892 he kept account of the days which he devoted

to his own crop, and figuring his labor at the same price which he

received when working for others, his wheat crop, which was a bounteous

one, cost him in labor twenty-five cents per bushel and he hauled to

market a mile and a half, where he received twenty-five and a half

cents per bushel. The price of wheat continued low until 1896, selling

from twenty-five to fifty cents per bushel, and the four years from

1893 until 1896 inclusive were years of crop failure on the Flats. Mr.

Thompkins was keeping bachelor's hall and trying to hold his farm, but

he determined that if he was not successful with his 1896 crop he would

make no further effort to retain his land. Therefore, in January, 1897,

he deeded his land to the mortgage company, they releasing him free

from debt, and all he had left for his eight years of work was twelve

head of horses at a value of about twenty-five dollars per head. During

this time he received eight hundred dollars from his father's estate,

which also went into the maelstrom. In the spring of 1897 he had six

hundred acres of wheat in fallow and three hundred acres of stubble,

with his lease expiring in November. The Oregon Mortgage Company

wanted him to surrender his lease of three hundred acres without any

compensation but Mr. Tompkins demanded fifty cents an acre. The company

refusing to pay it, he turned in and sowed it to wheat in March and

harvested forty-five bushels to the acre in the fall. This sold at a

better price which gave him his start. He then bought back his one

hundred and sixty acre claim for three hundred dollars less than he had

deeded it over to the mortgage company and he also bought one hundred

and sixty acres adjoining. In the fall of 1897 he planted his three

hundred and twenty acres to wheat and in the spring of 1898 returned to

Missouri.

While in the middle west Mr. Tompkins was united in marriage to a

Missouri girl, Miss Mattie L. Hayden, the wedding being celebrated on

the 8th of June, 1898. In the latter part of June he returned with his

bride to Washington and located on his old homestead, where he lived

through the summer, harvesting his crop, and in November following took

up his abode in Walla Walla. In December of the same year he bought

eight hundred acres adjoining his homestead, for which he paid at an

average of eighteen dollars per acre.

In February, 1899, he returned to the farm and resided thereon until

the fall of 1905, when he again moved into Walla Walla, having in the

meantime erected his present commodious residence, which is one of the

attractive homes of the city. In the intervening years he had added

to his holdings from time to time until his landed possessions now

aggregate twenty-eight hundred acres and he is one of the substantial

farmers of Walla Walla county. Success at length crowned his labors and

was well deserved as a fitting reward for his indefatigable industry,

his perseverance, his courage and his persistency. Mr. Tompkins was the

first farmer of his county to branch out into the "bulk wheat system"

and built the first concrete elevator in the country in Walla Walla

county. He found the change profitable and the system will probably be

generally adopted by the farmers in this region.

In 1908 Mr. Tompkins was called upon to mourn the loss of his first

wife, who passed away on the 13th of October of that year, leaving two

children, Veryl and Richard. On the 1st of June, 1911, he wedded Daisy

W. Wilson, a teacher in the Green Park school of Walla Walla and a

daughter of James Wilson, one of the early pioneer settlers of Walla

Walla county. There are three children of this marriage: Morton, Paul

and Mary Anna.

The parents are members of the Nazarene church and are loyal to its

teachings and purposes. In politics Mr. Tompkins largely maintains an

independent course but leans toward the democratic party. He has become

one of the substantial citizens of the Walla Walla valley and certainly

deserves much credit and honor for what he has accomplished. With stout

heart and willing hands he has pushed forward and in the course of

years his life record has proven the eternal principle that industry

wins.

HISTORICAL INDEX

Abbott, J. F., 160

Abernethy, Governor, 89

"Abolitionists and black republicans", 136

Academies, Catholic, 223

Acquisition of fire, Indian story of the, 23

Act to organise the county of Garfield, An, 365

Adams, Mount, The story of, 24

Address delivered by Dr. Lyman at Wallula, May 4, 1915, 171

Address of Governor Moore upon retirement, 473

Advance Guard, Names of, 110

Advance in rates brings revolt, 169

Advertisers in "Statesman", 120

Afraid of "nigger equality", 137

Agriculture and rainfall, 6

Agricultural, Horticultural and Stock Products, 1916, 192

Agricultural Society of 1866, 181

Ainsworth, J. C., 156

Aldermen of Walla Walla, 1877-1916, 306-315

Alfalfa gives four or five cuttings, 190;

raised, and value in 1916, 225

Allen, Hon. John B., 286, 289;

senatorial contest of, 290

Alter, Rev. Joseph, 225

Alpowa, Timothy of, and his case, 271

Alpowa Creek, Description of, 7

Alpowa Station established, 64

Alpowa Toll Road, 360

American Expedition to Oregon in 1788, 44

American and English fur-traders, 49

American fur-carrying vessels, 44

American fur-trade, Beginnings of, 44

American Theatre, 110

Anatone Prairie, 400

Anderson, Doctor A. J., 219

Ankeny, Hon. Levi, 290

Annual county fair, 197

Another camp meeting, 330

Apashwayhayikt, Chief (Looking Glass), 95

Apple supply meager, 189

Apples and their value, 1916, 191

Apple seeds planted in 1837, 178

Appleton Hall, Walla Walla, 222

Arguments, Indian war and peace, 14

Artesian water, 6

Ashburton Treaty, The, 65

Asotin county, 395;

churches, 424, 472;

commissioners appointed, 404;

schools, 422, 467;

established, 466;

school superintendent and pioneers, 468;

school reminiscences, 469;

pioneers of, 470;

Indians and pioneers, 470;

first wheat crop, 471;

early schools, 472

Asotin County Sentinel, 419

Asotin Creek, Description of, 7, 414

Asotin Spirit, The, 418

Asparagus, 190;

1916 crop and value, 192

Assessed valuation of Walla Walla city, 315

Assessed valuation of Walla Walla county after division, 285

Assessors of city of Walla Walla, 1877-1916, 306-315

Astor, John Jacob, 47

Astor Company, Data of the, 49

Astoria, 48

Attalia News-Tribune, The, 264

Atmospheric phenomena, 4

Attorneys, Early, 265

Authors and narrators of Indian legends, 24

Automobiles, 174

Average temperatures, 5

Baboon Gulch, 127

Bacon $1.25 per pound, 129

Baker, Dorsey S., 110, 144

Baker, Dr. D. S., Donation of school land of, 211

Baker, Morgan A., 269

Baker-Boyer Bank, 149

Baker sells railroad, 170

Bancroft, H. H., 10

Bank Allotments (Liberty Loan), 197

Banks of Walla Walla, 196

Banks save the day, 184

Baptist church at Dayton, 334

Bar, the Old Walla Walla, 265

Barbarism, 10

Barley production and value, 1916, 191

Barley yields 50 bushels to acre, 114, 180

Barry, Rev. J. N., student of Indian legends, 29

Barometric pressure, 5

Bassett, W. F., 125

Beautiful legend of Yakimas, 20

Beaver, Legend of, 25

Beginning of Walla Walla Fair, 179

Bellman, Charles, 114

Bennett, Captain, killed in war of 1855, 99

Bering, Vitus, Discovery of Oregon by, 43

Berry, Rev. G. M., 229, 471

Besserer, Charles, 259

Bibliography, Indian ethnological, 26

Bishop, B. B., 156

Bishoprics, Early Catholic, 82

Blalock, Dr. N. G., 96, 183, 224, 245, 288

Blanchet, Bishop Francis N., 80, 82

Blewett, J. H., 141

"Blind Pool" of Villard, 163

Blue Mountains, 1

Blue Mountain Island, 2

Boarding Schools for girls, 221

Boas, Dr. Franz, Indian ethnologist, 26

Bolles Junction, 165

"Bone-dry" law, 295

Bonneville, B. L. E., 52, 53;

upholds "Stars and Stripes" in fur rivalry, 55;

expedition through Walla Walla, 1832-35, 55

Books in Walla Walla City Library, 304

Boundary disputes in regard to Oregon question, 65

Boundaries of Walla Walla, 1859, 115

Boundaries of Walla Walla city wards, 300

Boyer, John F., 129

Boys' schools, Catholic, 223

Bradford, Dan, 156

Brents, Judge Thomas H., 132, 286

Brick yards, the penal, 290

Bridal Veil Lumber Co., 193

Bridegroom, The Spirit, 22

"Bridge of the Gods, The", 23, 28

Brouillet, Father, J. B. A., 82, 223

"Bucket lines", 185

"Build a road and make wheat legal tender", 375

Building inspectors of Walla Walla, 314

Building period of the '80s, The, 286

Burgunder, Ben, address by, 253

"Bunch-grass" boys and girls, 6

"Bunch-grass" horses and cattle, 6

Burglaries in 1890, 350

Burnett, Peter H., pioneer, governor of California, chief justice, 70

Business men of the '60s, 444

Butter $3.00 per pound, 129

Butter at 75 cents, 121

Cain, A. J., lays out an addition, 148, 268

Calderhead, T. B., 164

Calls of a pioneer physician, 276

Camp meeting, 329

Canal and locks of the Cascades, 170

Canfield, W. D., 416

Canoe, the Indian, 12

Canoe Camp, 35

Capacity of Walla Walla Waterworks, 302

Capital and profits in early fur-trade, 44

Captains, pilots and pursers, 158

Cascade Mountains, origin of the, 2

Cascade Range, the, 8

Cascades Indian story of the, 22;

another Indian story of the, 23

Casualties of Indian Rising, in December, 1855, 99

Catholic Academies, 223

Catholic church, founding of the, at Walla Walla, 82, 232

Catholic dioceses, early, 82

Catholic missionaries, early, 80

Catholic missions, 80

Caton, Judge N. J., 258

Cattle decline, 381

Cattle worth $20 a head, now worth $100, 179

Cattle thieves, etc., 132

Cayuse chiefs, trial of, for Whitman murder, 90

Cayuse horse, The, 12

Cayuse horses and cattle herds, 175

Cayuse war, the, 84;

scattering of bands, 89;

close of, 91, 430

Cayuses, The, 11

Celilo canal opened 1915, 170

Census of Asotin County, 404

Central school at Waitsburg, 215

Chacha, the bad spirit, 25

Chamberlain, Rev. P. B., 235

Champoeg, settlement of, 80

Chants, Indian death, 14

Character, the Indian, 13

Charter and names of men (for R. R.), 166

Charter of city of Walla Walla, 299

Charter of Waitsburg, 317

Chase, Henry M., 91

Chase and La Fontaine, 320

Cheese $1.50 per pound, 129

Chelan highlands, 2

Chemeketa (peace ground), first permanent American settlement, 59

Cherries, 1916, their value, 192

Chief Moses, 331

Chinese banishment attempted, 350

Chinook, The, 4

Christian influences, 64

Christian missions, The first, 59

Christian teachings reach Indians, 58

Christianity, Indians seek, 58, 59

Christianized Indians, 19

Church, history of Methodist, in Walla Walla, 229

Church history of Walla Walla, 228

Churches of Walla Walla county, 228;

of Columbia county, 327;

of Garfield county, 388

Citizen assaults soldier, 131

City of Walla Walla, the new charter, 299;

ordinance No. 185, 300;

boundaries of wards, 300;

election precincts, 301;

commission form of government, 301;

waterworks municipally owned, 301;

streets paved, 302;

the library of, 303;

elections, 305;

municipal officers, 305-315;

financial statement, 315;

assessments of, 315

City attorneys of Walla Walla, 1880-1916, 306-315

City clerks of Walla Walla, 1882-1916, 307-315

City commissioners of Walla Walla, 315

City deeds courthouse ground to county, 146

City engineers of Walla Walla, 315

City library of Walla Walla, 303

City officers and council of Walla Walla, 151

City park, Walla Walla, 462

City surveyors of Walla Walla, 1882-1916, 307-315

City wards of Walla Walla, 300

City of Walla Walla politics, 299

City officials of Asotin, 419

Clark, George Rogers, 33

Clark, Ransom, 110

Clark, Samuel A., Oregon literary pioneer, 28

Clark, William, 33

Clarke, General, 83

Clarkston, 413;

incorporated, 420

Clarkston Republic, The, 425

Clatsop, Fort, 39

Climate, 1, 4

Clubs, Walla Walla, 238

Coblentz, J. H., tragic end of, 291

Coffee $2.00 per pound, 129

Collegial institutions, 218

Colonel W. S. Gilliam killed, 436

Colter, John, trapper and explorer, 46

Columbia, The, and its tributaries, 6

Columbia basin, 1

Columbia Chronicle, The, 353

Columbia county, judges and lawyers of, 266;

district court of, 276;

Chapter II, 319;

Indian war of '55, 320;

settlers of '59, 321;

immigration of '61, 321;

establishment of, 322;

first county commissioners, 322;

election of 1875, 322;

following elections, 323;

the first school in, 324

Columbia County Dispatch, 354

Columbia River Fishing & Trading Company, establishment of, 54

Columbian Indians, The, 11

Colville reminiscences, 248

Commercial Club, The, of Walla Walla, 238

Commission government of Walla Walla, 301

Company H, National Guard, 384

Comparison in costs of living then and now, 120

Complete file of "Washington Statesman", 118

Completion of telegraph line, 151

Condition of county in 1860, 117

Condon, Thomas, 1, 27

Conference on subject of railroad, 376

Congregational missions, 80

Congressional rivalry in 1878, 286

Constitutional convention of 1878, 285;

of 1889, 288;

Walla Walla members of, 288

Contests for senatorship, 289

Cook, James, explorer of the Pacific, 43

Cook, J. D., 149

Coppei, Lewis and Clark on the, 40

Corn nine feet in the tassel, 180

Corn produced, value 1916, 191

Cosgrove, Samuel G., 270, 288

Cost of living then and now, 120

Councils, city, of Walla Walla 1877-1916, 306-315

County commissioners of Columbia county in 1875, 322

County Courthouse, 145

County Elections (Garfield), 373

County jail contract given, 117

County limits reduced, 112

County Offices over a saloon, 113

County Officials of Walla Walla from 1876-1916, 295-99

County seat contest resulted in favor of Pomeroy, but ----, 367

County seat location, 367

County seat question in Asotin county, 405

Courthouse, the new Walla Walla, 295

Courthouse built, first, 146

Court Circuits, old, 267

Court practice in early days, 267

Court towns, old-time, 267

Cowboy contests, 202

"Cowhide and calico", 466

Cox, Anderson, 144

Cox, Ross, 49

Cox's journey in 1812, 51

Craig, William, 92

Creation of Man, an Indian story of the, 24

Cropp, Dr. J. F., 281

Crowley, D. J., 288

Cumberland Presbyterian church at Dayton, 334

Curtin, Jeremiah, 27

Cutler, J. G., 164

Daughters of Rebekah, 236

Davin Brothers, 180

Dawn of civilization in this territory, 359

Dayton a city of lodges, 335

Dayton circuit, 333

Dayton bar, The, 268-271

Dayton, Lewis and Clark at the site of, 40

Dayton, named for Jesse N. Day, 154

Dayton News, The, 263, 353

Dayton school faculty, 325

Dayton woolen mill disappoints, 187

Deadman Hollow, 360

Death ceremonies, Indian, 14

Death islands, Indian, 21

Death song, Indian, 14

Defeat of Steptoe's Command, 105

De La Salle Institute, 223

Deliberations, Indian war and peace, 14, 15

Demers, Rev. Modeste, 80

Denny, A. A., 141

Dent, Captain F. T., 186

Descending The Dalles in 1888, 159

De Smet, Rev. Pierre J., 81

Desperate medical cases, 280

Destructive early fires, 149

Determines to raise wheat on big scale, 183

Development in mines, ranges, farms, 167

Development of Industry in Walla Walla, 175

Devils, Indian, 20

Disbursements and receipts of Walla Walla city, 316

Discovery, early era of American, 42

Discovery of gold in California, 155

Dispatch, The, 355

District over-subscribes Liberty Loan, 197

Diversions of pioneers, 465

Division of Old Walla Walla county, 153

Doctor Baker's Road, 165

Doctor Baker the man, 167

Dr. Blalock, 170

Dr. McLoughlin, John, retired, 83;

vicissitudes besetting 83;

died of broken heart, 83;

receives Whitman party, 62

Donation act of 1850, 474

Donnehue "gets" Patterson, 135

Dooley, John, 179

Dorion, Madam's flight before hostile Indians, 51

Door, Charles R., 270

Douglas, James, manager Hudson's Bay Company, 84

Dress of Nez Perces, 36

Drumheller, Daniel M., 176

Drumheller, George, "wheat king", 201

Drumheller, Jesse, 176

"Dry town" unheard of, 148

Dumas, J. L., 190

Eagle Cap, 8

Earliest buildings in Walla Walla, 115

Earliest permanent settler on the Asotin, 398

Earliest survey of Walla Walla, 115

Early advertisements in the "Statesman", 120

Early cattle raisers, 124

Early days in Asotin, 466

Early settler's attitude toward Indian, 18

Early settlers on Anatone Prairie, 400

Early stockmen, Some larger, 176

Early teachers at Whitman College, 218

Early transportation age, 155

Ears in jar of whiskey, 102

East Washingtonian, 358

Eatables, Indian, 13

Edmiston, J. E., 270

Educational institutions of Walla Walla county, 210

Educational system of Asotin county, 421

Eells, Cushing, 64, 218, 235

Eells, Father, with missionaries at Chimakain, 89;

founds Whitman College, 89, 218

Eels, Rev. Myron, 27;

life of Whitman (extracts), 68

Effort to annex Walla Walla county to Oregon, 141

Eggs at $1.00 per dozen, 121

Election of 1859, 113

Election of 1864, vote by precincts, 139

Election of 1875 in Columbia county, 322

Election of 1878, 285

Election of U. S. senators, first, 289

Election precincts of Walla Walla city, 301

Election results in Asotin county, 405

Election returns, 292, 293

Elections, municipal, of Walla Walla, 305

Elections in Waitsburg, 317

Elections in Columbia county, 323

Elections in Walla Walla county in 1889, 292

Elections in Walla Walla county from 1876-1916, 295-99

Elections of 1888 to 1916, 337-345

Elevation above sea-level, 1

Elijah, the murder of, and its effects, 79

Elk among stock, 451

Elks, the, 237

Enabling Act, The, 287

Enactments of first state legislature, 289

Endowment of Whitman College, 219

English's Company, Oregon Rifles, in Cayuse war, 86

English monopolists of fur trade, 45

Epidemics in pioneer times, 277

Episcopal church, early history of, 233

Episcopal church in Walla Walla, 232

Era of good roads, 174

Escape of convicts from penitentiary, attempted, 291

Establishment of Asotin county, 401, 466

Establishment of Columbia county, 322

Ethnological bibliography, Indian, 26

Ethnology, Indian, 11

Ewing Hall, Walla Walla, 222

Examples of Indian character, 13

Expedition against the Cayuses after Whitman massacre, 87

Expeditions in interest of fur trade, 48

Expenditures considerable (fort), 150

Expense of ties and iron great, 169

Experiences of a pioneer doctor, 275

Explorers, first, 32

Explorers, old Spanish, 42

Extensive business done by stage company, 162

Fair Grounds, retained, 201

Fair to be held, October, 1866, 181

Fall, Dr. E. E., 260

Famous Criminal Suit, 350

Famous doctors, 275

Fare, Portland to Lewiston, $60.00, 158

Fares lowered, 166

Farewell address of Governor Moore, 473

Farmers' Agency, The, 244

Farmers' Unions, 244, 390

Farming and fruit raising tested, 180

Farming industry, 180

Farrand, Livingston, 27

Father Wilbur on the Indian Agency, 332

Federal Reserve Bank, 196

Ferguson county created, 112

Ferrel, Mrs. Brewster, 447

Few hogs raised in Garfield before coming of railroad, 381

Finances of city of Walla Walla, 315

Fine wheat crop of S. Maxson in 1860, 180

Fire chiefs of Walla Walla, 1910-1916, 314, 315

Fire, Indian story of origin of, 23

Fireman's Ball, 119

Fires and start of fire department, 149

Fires of 1880 and 1882, 348

First assessment for Asotin County, 404

First boy in Walla Walla, 455

First brick building in Pomeroy, 384

First Catholic church at Walla Wall, 82

First cattle buyer to Garfield county, 380

First city election in Pomeroy, 383

First election results, 116

First election under charter, 1862, 147

First events in Garfield county, 359

First explorers, 32

First flour mill, 186

"First Garfield County Pioneer Edition", 358

First July 4th celebration at Dayton, 364

First lots sold (Walla Walla), 115

First man to sail on Snake river, 159

First merchant in Walla Walla, 114

First nursery, 188

First officers of Old Walla Walla County, 92

First paper in Walla Walla, 118

First prospecting tour into Idaho, 125

First school at Pataha City, 382

First school district on Pataha flat, 381

First schoolhouse in Asotin county, 467

First sermon, 329

First steamers on Columbia river, 156

First steamship trip up Snake river, 160

First telegram out of Walla Walla, 151

First white woman to live in Columbia county, 177

Five Crows, a Cayuse chief, 87, 94

Five Mile, 37

Five regions, 189

Flag incident of 1863, 132

Flanders, Alvin, 143

Flathead Mission, The, 81

Flinn, Rev. John, 235

Flohr, Rev. M., 223

Flour and coffee prices in 1843, 76

Flour $1.00 per pound, 126, 129

Flour milling, 186

Fog conditions, 4

Food, Indian, 13

Food supply and condition of Indian, 13

Foods high and scarce, 127

Formation of Vigilantes, 132

Fort abandoned, 150

Fort a disturbing question, 150

Fort Henrietta, 100

Fort Taylor, 319

Fort Walla Walla, 110;

the founding of, 51;

description of, 52;

trade of, 52;

missionaries coming to, 52;

arrival of Mrs. Whitman and Mrs. Spalding, first white women, at, 62

Forty-five stock shippers, 179

Fossils of the northwest, 2

Founding of Walla Walla, 109

Four-and-one-half-pound potato, 189

Fourth Annual Fruit Fair, 198

Frachtenberg, Leo J., on Indian texts, 26

Franchère, narrative of, in 1814, 51

Franchère, Gabriel, narrator of Indian legends, 24

Fraternal Orders in Asotin county, 424

Fraternal Orders, Garfield county, 389

Fraternal Orders in Walla Walla, 236

Frazier, C. R., address by, 252

Freight and passenger rates, 167

Freight rates on wheat, 182

Freight tonnage, 1870-1878, 182

French-Canadians, the, in early mission work, 80