MISSING BATTLE HONOURS
Sir A. Alison's Committee--General Ewart's
Committee--Marlborough's forgotten victories--Wellington's
minor successes--Losses at Douai--Peninsula, 1705--Gibraltar,
1727--Peninsula, 1762--Belleisle--Dominica--Manilla--Cape of
Good Hope, 1795--Indian Honours--Pondicherry--Tanjore--Madras
troops--An unrewarded Bombay column--The Indian Mutiny--Punjab
frontier force--Umbeyla--Naval honours.
Until some thirty years ago, the names inscribed on the colours
and appointments of our regiments were mainly in recognition of
services between the years 1793 and 1815, or for campaigns in
India. It so happened that many regiments which had done good
service in the wars of the Austrian or Spanish Succession were
debarred from sharing in the honours so generously distributed
for the Peninsular campaign, owing to the fact that they were at
the time employed in garrisoning our distant dependencies, or in
holding threatened points in other quarters of the globe. Several
regiments had no names on their colours, although they had borne
their share in the important victories won by Marlborough, or had
fought in the no less arduous wars later in the eighteenth century.
It was felt that such names as Blenheim and Malplaquet were as
deserving of recognition as, let me say, Bushire or Surinam. In the
year 1881 a Committee, under the presidency of the late General Sir
Archibald Alison, was appointed to consider the subject, and, after
much deliberation, came to the conclusion that "the names of such
victories only should be retained as either in themselves or by
their results have left a mark in history which render their names
familiar, not only to the British army, but also to every educated
gentleman."
The result of Sir Archibald Alison's Committee was that four of
Marlborough's victories were added to the battle honours of the
army--Blenheim, Oudenarde, Ramillies, and Malplaquet. What led to
the selection of two out of these four names will ever remain a
mystery. At Oudenarde the twenty-two regiments present lost but 168
officers and men killed and wounded. At Ramillies the casualties
were only slightly heavier. On the other hand, during the same
campaign we had lost far more heavily at Ath, Douai, Liège, Lille,
Maestricht, Menin, and Namur. Until the present year (1910), the
18th (Royal Irish) was the only regiment which bore any reference
to Namur on its colours, and the other names are still lacking.
Within the last few months another Committee, under the able
presidency of the Adjutant-General, has been adjudicating on the
same subject. To this Committee the regiments of the army owe a
deep debt of gratitude. Its labours are confessedly incomplete. It
has rescued from oblivion some long-forgotten campaigns in the West
Indies; it has given due credit to the regiments which participated
in the costly capture of Namur by William III.; it has to a certain
extent satisfied the _amour propre_ of our cavalry regiments by
adding to their appointments three somewhat unimportant actions,
and has placed on the colours of a few distinguished corps the
names of battles in Flanders and the Peninsula to which they were
justly entitled. The task of such a Committee is by no means a
light one. The haphazard way in which battle honours have hitherto
been granted, and the difficulties of obtaining accurate records
of many of the earlier campaigns, have added not a little to its
labours. It would appear that the Committee has been guided by two
main principles in the selection of fresh battle honours--the one
that no distinction should be granted unless the headquarters of
the regiment had been present in the engagement, and that honours
should only be conferred on regiments with a continuous history
from the date of the action, a break in the direct genealogical
succession invalidating the claim.
These decisions rule out many regiments otherwise eligible, and
hitherto they have never been enforced. Indeed, in one case, at
any rate, General Ewart's Committee has evaded its own ruling.
"Gibraltar, 1704-05," has been awarded to both the Grenadier and
to the Coldstream Guards; yet it was a composite battalion, only
600 strong, made up from the two regiments, which was sent from
Lisbon to assist Prince George of Hesse in the defence of the
Rock. In earlier days battle honours were not seldom bestowed on
regiments which had been represented in actions by single troops
or companies. A troop of the 11th Hussars acted as personal escort
to the Commander-in-Chief during the Egyptian campaign of 1801,
yet the battle honour was conferred on the regiment. The three
regiments of Household Cavalry bear the honours "Egypt, 1882," and
"South Africa, 1899-1900"; yet it was a composite regiment, made up
of a squadron from each regiment, which earned the battle honour.
The headquarters of the 35th were not present at Maida, nor of the
69th at St. Vincent, yet the Royal Sussex and the Welsh have been
awarded these battle honours.
When we come to the question of direct representation, the
same anomalies crop up. A regiment, which I need not further
particularize, affords, perhaps, the most striking instance. It
was disbanded at the close of the eighteenth century for acts of
alleged disloyalty and indiscipline. The order for disbandment was
read at the head of every troop and company in the army. That order
contained such strong expressions as "seditious and outrageous
proceedings," "atrocious acts of disobedience," "insubordination,"
"indelible stigma," and generally commented on the conduct of the
regiment in the strongest possible terms. Half a century later a
new corps bearing the same number sprang into existence, and was
permitted to bear the battle honours that would have accrued to its
predecessor. A similar privilege was conferred on the 19th and 20th
Hussars, when they were taken over from the East India Company,
and on the 18th Hussars and 100th Royal Canadians when they were
resuscitated some fifty years ago. But there is a long list of
regiments to whom this privilege will now be denied, amongst them
the 76th (Middlesex), 90th (Scottish Rifles), and 98th (North
Staffords), which accompanied General Ruffane from Belleisle, and
were present at the capture of Martinique and Havana. The 79th,
which was with Draper at Wandewash, Pondicherry, and the capture of
Manilla; the 84th--Eyre Coote's famous regiment--which took part
in all the earlier battles in India, and which, with the 78th and
91st, captured the Cape of Good Hope in 1795; the 103rd and 104th,
which were granted the battle honour "Niagara" at the same time as
the 19th Hussars and the 100th Regiment. This list could be added
to almost indefinitely. I give these few instances to show how
regiments will be affected by the strict application of the ruling
of General Ewart's Committee.
The halo that surrounds the name of the great Duke of Wellington
has led many to suppose that the battles fought in the Peninsula
were combats of giants. When we come down to hard facts, and study
the casualty returns, and then reflect on the result of many of
these actions which are inscribed on our colours, it is clear that
they can hardly be described as "having by their results left their
mark on history." In no less than ten engagements in the Peninsular
War for which battle honours have been granted our losses were less
than those at Oudenarde, the least costly of all Marlborough's
battles, whilst in three, the aggregate of killed only reached
sixteen men.
The following table is, I venture to think, instructive as showing
the scanty recognition accorded to the regiments which fought
under Marlborough, the generous recognition of those which fought
under Wellington:
+--------------------------------------+
| MARLBOROUGH'S BATTLES |
| FOR WHICH NO BATTLE |
| HONOURS HAVE BEEN GRANTED. |
+--------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
|_Engagements._+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|Schellenburg | 32 | 85 | 638 |1,419|
|Liège | 11 | 20 | 142 | 365|
|Menin | 34 | 80 | 551 |1,994|
|Lille | 17 | 43 | 447 |1,093|
|Douai | 13 | 61 | 638 |1,093|
+--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+--------------------------------------------+
| WELLINGTON'S BATTLES |
| FOR WHICH BATTLE HONOURS |
| HAVE BEEN GRANTED. |
+--------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Engagements._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|Sahagun | - | - | 2 | 18 |
|The Douro | - | 10 | 23 | 86 |
|Almaraz | 2 | 12 | 32 | 101 |
|Arroyos dos Molinos | - | 7 | 7 | 51 |
|Tarifa | 2 | 3 | 7 | 24 |
+--------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
On p. 16 I have given the list of regiments that fought at
Schellenburg, with a return of their individual losses. At Menin we
had four, at Liège and Lille five, and at Douai eight, battalions
engaged, so the severity of the fighting may be gauged.
It may be urged that, as Schellenburg preceded Blenheim by only
one month, and that as practically the same regiments were present
at both engagements, such a distinction would merely have the
effect of granting two battle honours to a few specially favoured
regiments. Four days intervened between Roleia and Vimiera--actions
which neither in their severity nor in their results can be
compared to the two victories of Marlborough; indeed, several
regiments which escaped scathless in Wellington's two earliest
fights bear two battle honours on their colours. The campaign
in Persia lasted exactly two months, and three insignificant
skirmishes brought four battle honours to the fortunate regiments
present.
I have been unable to trace the casualty returns for Liège, Menin,
and Lille. Those of Douai I give in the following table, as I do
not remember having seen them in any recent publication:
CASUALTIES AT THE SIEGE AND ASSAULT OF DOUAI.
+--------------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Regiments._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+--------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|Roy. Artillery | - | - | 34 | 96 |
|Roy. Engineers | - | - | 35 | 45 |
|19th Yorkshire | - | 11 | 94 | 207 |
|21st Roy. Scots Fusiliers | 1 | 7 | 49 | 182 |
|23rd R. Welsh Fusiliers | 2 | 9 | 54 | 147 |
|24th S. Wales Borderers | 1 | 9 | 35 | 148 |
|26th Camer'ians | 1 | 6 | 50 | 186 |
|34th Border | 1 | 5 | 81 | 125 |
|Sutton's Regt. | 5 | 8 | 110 | 113 |
|Honeywood's Regt. | 2 | 6 | 86 | 170 |
+--------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Surely these figures are eloquent enough to justify the award of a
battle honour to the regiments engaged!
Whilst Marlborough was fighting in Northern Europe, another
British army was engaged in the South, where a century later our
troops under Wellington were to earn undying fame. It is true the
campaign was tinged with more than one disaster, owing to the lack
of support on the part of our allies, but it was also relieved by
many gallant actions well worthy of recognition. The storming and
capture of Valenza by the 33rd (West Riding), the heroic defence
of Alicante, Peterborough's daring capture of Barcelona, are all
feats of arms well worthy of being emblazoned on colours which
already bear such names as Roleia, Douro, and Tarifa. The regiments
entitled to share in the honours that might well be awarded for our
earliest campaign in the Peninsula are:
2nd Queen's Bays.
1st Royal Dragoons.
Royal Scots.
8th Royal Irish Hussars.
Royal Warwicks.
Queen's (Royal West Surrey).
King's Own (Lancaster).
Norfolks.
Leicester.
Somerset Light Infantry.
Cornwall Light Infantry.
East Surrey.
Border.
West Riding.
Worcesters.
Royal Sussex.
On p. 8 I have alluded to the gallant defence of Gibraltar by Lord
Portmore in 1727 as an instance of a missing battle honour, and
have given the losses sustained by the regiments which formed the
garrison in that memorable defence. Should "Gibraltar, 1727," be
added to the battle honours of the army, as well indeed it may be,
the regiments which would be entitled to the distinction are the
Grenadier Guards.
Northumberland Fusiliers.
Somerset Light Infantry.
West Yorkshire.
Royal Irish.
Lancashire Fusiliers.
K.O. Scottish Borderers.
Cameronians.
Worcester.
East Lancashire.
Border.
Dorsets.
Five-and-thirty years later, when our armies, under Prince
Ferdinand, were earning the battle honours "Minden," "Warburg," and
"Wilhelmstahl," a second army, under Lord Tyrawley, was fighting
on the historic battle-fields of Spain. In the year 1910 the 16th
Lancers were authorized to wear a special cap plate in recognition
of their services at Valencia di Alcantara in the campaign of 1762.
On this occasion the Red Lancers made a forced march of forty-five
miles, surprised the Spaniards, taking the General in command
prisoner, and returning with three stand of colours. This is the
only recognition yet accorded for the campaign in the middle of the
eighteenth century.
As dates have been added to differentiate between our various
campaigns in the West Indies, South Africa, and Gibraltar, it would
be a graceful act, and one of strict justice, to add the dates
1727 to the battle honour "Gibraltar," and 1705-06 and 1762 to
the battle honour "Peninsula." The following regiments would be
entitled to this last distinction--"Peninsula, 1762":
16th Lancers.
Buffs.
Hampshire.
Gordon Highlanders.
Royal Irish Rifles.
Shropshire Light Infantry.
Argyll Highlanders.
These represent the 3rd Buffs, 67th, 75th, 83rd, 85th, 91st, and
92nd Regiments of those far-off days.
Another name that might well be rescued from oblivion is Belleisle.
A combined naval and military expedition, under Admiral the Hon.
Sir A. Keppel and Major-General Studholme Hodgson, was despatched
to that island in the spring of 1761. The troops comprised twelve
battalions of infantry, the 16th Light Dragoons, and a strong body
of artillery. As usual, we opened the campaign by despising our
enemy, and on April 6 met with a sharp reverse. Additional troops
were sent out from home, and two months later the French Governor
surrendered. Our total losses in the campaign amounted to 13
officers and 271 men killed, 21 officers and 476 men wounded.
The regiments that would be entitled to bear the battle honour
"Belleisle" are the
16th Lancers.
Buffs.
Norfolks.
Yorkshire.
Royal Scots Fusiliers.
East Lancashire.
Worcesters.
Hampshire.
Gordon Highlanders.
Middlesex.
Shropshire Light Infantry.
Scottish Rifles.
Welsh.
West Kent.
North Staffords.
Immediately on the capitulation of the island General Ruffane, who
had commanded a brigade throughout the operations, was despatched
to the West Indies with the 69th (Welsh), 76th (Middlesex), 90th
Light Infantry, and 98th Regiment, to assist in the reduction of
Martinique and Havana. These operations have been rewarded with
battle honours, and are fully described in Chapter VIII. Ruffane's
brigade, however, with the exception of the Welsh, have been denied
the honour.
Before leaving the West Indies, I would wish to draw attention to
the fact that, whilst the defence of the Island of Dominica in
1805 is inscribed on the colours of the Cornwall Light Infantry,
no recognition is made of the capture of that island by the troops
under Lord Rollo in 1762, yet surely the one feat is as worthy of
remembrance as the other. The appended table may not be without
interest to the regiments concerned in the two transactions:
+-----------------------------------------------+
| CAPTURE OF DOMINICA, 1762, |
| FOR WHICH NO BATTLE HONOUR |
| HAS BEEN GRANTED. |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Regiment._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|42nd Royal Highlanders | 2 | 10 | 19 | 74 |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+-----------------------------------------------+
| DEFENCE OF DOMINICA, 1805, |
| FOR WHICH A BATTLE HONOUR |
| HAS BEEN GRANTED. |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Regiment._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|46th Cornwall L.I. | - | 1 | 11 | 7 |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Guadeloupe, 1702, 1794, and 1815, are also battle honours well
worthy of remembrance.
Simultaneously with the expedition against Havana, which is alluded
to above, and set forth in detail in Chapter VIII., a force was
despatched from Madras for the reduction of the Spanish settlement
in Manilla, thus forestalling by 150 years the memorable exploits
of Admiral Dewey on the same spot. This was under the command of
General Draper, who, at the head of his own regiment (then the
79th), had done good service in Southern India. The Spaniards were
utterly unprepared, and though the troops with Draper amounted to
but one battalion of the line, a naval brigade 1,000 strong, and a
brigade of Madras sepoys, the little army was thrown ashore, and
after one week's bombardment the forts surrendered, our losses
amounting to 5 officers and 28 men killed, 5 officers and 106 men
wounded.
The prize-money must have been some slight compensation to the
troops for the hardships endured. Field Officers received £1,500,
Captains £900, whilst the privates received £6. The Spanish colours
captured were presented by General Draper to King's College,
Cambridge, and he raised a monument to the memory of the officers
and men who fell in the grounds of his private residence, still
known as Manilla Hall, Clifton. Under the present ruling of the
Army Council there would appear to be no prospect of the word
"Manilla" being added to the battle honours of the army.
Another missing distinction is "Cape of Good Hope, 1796." There
would appear to be no reason why the first capture of the Cape
should not be commemorated equally with the second. In connection
with this later expedition there is one unaccountable omission, as
I have explained on p. 351. Sir David Baird detached the 20th Light
Dragoons and the 38th Regiment (South Staffords), under Brigadier,
afterwards Field-Marshal, the Lord Beresford, to Saldanha Bay.
The consequence was that they were not actually present at the
operations on January 8, and so it comes about that, although they
participated in the hardships of the campaign, and contributed
to its results, the 20th Hussars and South Staffords have been
debarred from bearing the battle honour.
The battle honours for our campaigns in India have been awarded
in the same unequal manner: hard-fought battles are unrecognized,
paltry skirmishes are emblazoned on our colours. This is partly
due to the fact that in the case of those regiments which were in
the service of the East India Company the Governor-General or the
Governor of the Presidency authorized the distinction, whereas in
the case of "King's regiments" the Sovereign alone was the fountain
of honour. So it comes about that the Royal Munster and Royal
Dublin Fusiliers, the direct representatives of the old European
regiments of John Company, bear on their colours battle honours
which have not been awarded to the King's regiments which fought by
their side, and which, strangely enough, have also been denied to
the Indian regiments which took part in the same operations. "Nundy
Droog" is on the colours of the Dublins, but the 36th (Worcesters)
and 71st (Highland Light Infantry) are still without the honour.
The British troops which captured Pondicherry in 1793 comprised the
36th (Worcesters), 52nd (Oxford Light Infantry), 71st (Highland
Light Infantry), and 72nd (Seaforths), with the Madras European
Regiment, but the Royal Dublin Fusiliers alone bear the honour.
In some cases a single battle honour, such as "Carnatic," "Mysore,"
and "Ava," covers a campaign which included in its operations a
number of general actions, and had for its results the addition
of a province to the Empire. Other campaigns of less severity,
and which have had negative results, such as the two wars in
Afghanistan and that in Persia, have been rewarded with a profusion
of honours, some, indeed, representing the paltriest skirmishes.
Battles in which we have lost hundreds are left unnoticed, whilst
affairs in which the casualties may be counted on the fingers
receive undue recognition.
The old regiments of the Madras native army have suffered under
this lack of system. They are much in the same position that
Marlborough's regiments occupied until Sir Archibald Alison's
Committee gave them relief. They were excluded from any share in
the eighteen battle honours awarded for the Afghan and Persian
wars, and yet received no recognition of their presence in battles
which have been inscribed on the colours of the Madras European
regiment--battles which resulted in the overthrow of the Mysorean
usurper and the expulsion of the French from India. Surely such
battles as these, both in their severity and by their results, may
be deemed of sufficient historic interest to warrant their being
placed on the colours of the Indian troops which bore their share
in the fighting.
At the siege and capture of Pondicherry in 1778 (a battle for which
an honour was granted to the Madras Europeans, and which appears on
the colours of the Dublins) the Indian regiments of the Madras army
lost 19 officers and 646 of other ranks.
At the third capture of the French fortress by General Braithwaite
in 1793, for which the Dublins also wear the honour, a strong
force of Indian troops was present, and suffered severe loss. The
following Madras regiments would become entitled to the missing
battle honour, "Pondicherry, 1778-1793":
2nd Q.O. Sappers and Miners.
61st Pioneers.
62nd Punjabis.
63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry.
66th Punjabis.
67th Punjabis.
69th Punjabis.
73rd Carnatic Infantry.
76th Punjabis.
80th Carnatic Infantry.
Another campaign well worthy of recognition is that which led to
the capture of Tanjore in 1771. In this the Indian regiments lost 8
officers and 297 men--a far heavier casualty roll than that which
earned _four_ battle honours in Persia. The following table shows
the regiments that would be entitled to adopt the missing battle
honour, "Tanjore, 1771":
TANJORE, 1771.
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Regiments._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|Royal Dublin Fusiliers | 2 | 3 | 27 | 83 |
|64th Pioneers | - | 3 | 14 | 22 |
|66th Punjabis | - | 1 | 17 | 49 |
|67th Punjabis | 1 | - | 29 | 60 |
|69th Punjabis | - | - | 6 | 21 |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
The earlier Indian battles, which were fraught with great results,
but which, fortunately, were not attended with any serious
losses, such as Arcot, Plassey, Condore, Masulipatam, Badara,
and Buxar, are well deserving of perpetual remembrance, for are
they not the foundation-stones of our Indian Empire? But there
are other battles, no less momentous in their results, and which
were attended with far heavier loss of life, which have been left
unrecorded. Macleod's defeat of Tippoo Sultan at Paniani, Munro's
capture of Negapatam from the Dutch, Stuart's victory at Cuddalore,
were more far-reaching in their results, and entailed far harder
fighting and far more severe privations, than, let us say,
Koosh-ab or Charasia. "Seringapatam" can be read on the colours
of the regiments which stormed the fortress under Lord Harris,
but the distinction has never been granted to those which carried
the place by assault under Lord Cornwallis seven years earlier.
"Guzerat" was awarded to the Bengal troops which, under Goddard,
marched to the relief of the Bombay army in 1779, but the services
of the Bombay column which marched across the continent to the
assistance of Lord Lake in the First Mahratta War have never yet
been recorded. The 65th (York and Lancaster), 86th (Irish Rifles),
102nd Bombay Grenadiers, 104th Wellesley's Rifles, 105th Mahratta
Light Infantry, and 117th Mahrattas, did right good and gallant
work in that campaign, for which they have no distinction. In the
same war the 22nd (Cheshires) played a conspicuous rôle, but their
services in Cuttack, as well as at Bhurtpore, have been forgotten.
"Bourbon" is borne on the colours of the 69th (Welsh) and 86th
(Royal Irish Rifles). Surely the honour should also be accorded
to the 56th (Essex), which were present at both attacks on the
island. If the capture of Bourbon, which was restored to France
on the conclusion of peace, is deemed worthy of an honour, the
taking of the Mauritius, still a British possession, is no
less deserving of one. The regiments which formed General J.
Abercromby's force included the 12th (Suffolk), 14th (West Yorks),
22nd (Cheshires), 33rd (West Riding), 56th (Essex), 59th (East
Lancashire), 84th (York and Lancaster), 87th and 89th (Royal Irish
Fusiliers), and 104th Wellesley's Rifles. From the Mauritius many
of these regiments went on to the conquest of Java, for which
they received a battle honour. It is true that the subjugation of
that island cost us many lives, but it has never been the custom
to take into consideration casualties in awarding battle honours.
It seems difficult to understand why Bourbon and Java should be
deemed worthy of distinction, whilst Mauritius and Ceylon remain
unnoticed.
Another noticeable omission in the list of India battle honours
is "Nepaul." If we except the two campaigns of 1846 and 1849
against the Sikhs, that against the Gurkhas entailed the hardest
fighting we have ever experienced in India. At the outset we met
with more than one reverse, and suffered enormous losses, the
casualties of the 53rd (Shropshire Light Infantry) alone totalling
21 officers and 428 of other ranks killed and wounded. A dismounted
detachment of the 8th Hussars, 100 strong, lost 5 officers and 57
men. The result of the war was a lasting alliance with the kingdom
of Nepaul, and the opening up to our Indian army of a field of
recruits unsurpassed for heroism, discipline, and loyalty. The
troops entitled to such a distinction would be the 8th Hussars,
17th (Leicesters), 24th (South Wales Borderers), 53rd (Shropshire
Light Infantry), 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers), and the 2nd Queen's
Own Rajput Light Infantry.
The 55th (Border Regiment) have no distinction to record the loss
of upwards of 100 men in the campaign in Coorg in 1834; nor the
Leicesters for their still heavier losses at the siege and assault
of the fort of Kamounah twenty-five years previously.
A reference to the chapter on the Indian Mutiny will show that
there were but three battle honours (if I except the two given to
the 45th Sikhs) granted for the three years' campaign--"Delhi,"
"Lucknow," and "Central India." Yet there were many regiments whose
task was no less arduous, and whose services were as valuable,
as those performed by the regiments which took part in the final
capture of Lucknow. Hunting down bands of rebels during the
hot weather was not the easiest part of the campaign, and the
disarmament of disaffected native troops in the Punjab was a task
of the heaviest responsibility. The services of the 13th (Somerset
Light Infantry) at Azimghur, of the 24th (South Wales Borderers) at
Jhelum, of the 27th (Inniskilling Fusiliers) at Peshawar, of the
81st (Loyal North Lancashire) at Lahore, brought decorations to the
commanders and medals to the men, but to the regiments nothing to
show the part they played in holding fast to our Indian Empire in
the day of our darkest trouble.
Another fact in connection with the battle honours for the Mutiny
is deserving of remark. The 32nd (Cornwall Light Infantry) have
no special distinction to differentiate them from those regiments
which shared in Sir Colin Campbell's final and comparatively
bloodless capture of the city in March, 1858. The defence of
Lucknow stands out as a feat apart, and must for ever remain one of
the grandest episodes in our military history. A special clasp was
granted with the medal, but no special battle honour.
The regiments which were with Sir George White bear the distinction
"Defence of Ladysmith"; the Loyal North Lancashire, "Defence of
Kimberley"; the 13th (Somerset) have a mural crown, with the word
"Jelalabad"; and the regiments that were with Eliott at Gibraltar
have the castle and key, with a distinctive motto, as emblematic of
its defence; but the Cornwall Light Infantry bear the single word,
"Lucknow," with no emblem commemorative of that heroic defence
which thrilled our country half a century ago, and which made the
name of Havelock a household word wherever the English language is
spoken.
I have alluded to the two special honours awarded to the 45th
Rattray's Sikhs for the Mutiny--"Defence of Arrah" and "Behar."
The gallant defence of Arrah by a handful of Sikhs, under the
leadership of a Bengal civilian, Wake, was a striking episode
in a campaign in which heroic actions were of daily occurrence;
but the award of this battle honour to the 45th Sikhs brings out
into strong relief the omission to grant a like honour to the 2nd
Queen's Own Rajput Light Infantry for the no less heroic defence
of Saugor. Saugor was in the centre of a district seething with
revolt. The garrison of Jubbulpore, the nearest cantonment,
had fallen away, murdering their officers, and the other sepoy
battalion in Saugor also joined the mutineers; but the 31st Bengal
Infantry (now the 2nd Queen's Own Light Infantry) stood firm. They
had every inducement to abandon their trust. The neighbouring
Princes had thrown in their lot with the rebels, and offered
tempting rewards for the rupees that lay in the treasury and the
ammunition that was stored in the arsenal. There was a large number
of Christian women and children in the fort, whose surrender was
demanded. The 31st not merely defended these, but on more than one
occasion sallied out and attacked the rebels, and on one memorable
day returned with a couple of guns. This was not a defence of a
week, as at Arrah. The Saugor garrison was isolated from the month
of July, 1857, when the Mutiny reached its head, until its relief
by the Central India Field Force, under the command of Sir Hugh
Rose, in January, 1858.
I am well aware that the 32nd (Cornwalls) and the 31st Bengal
Native Infantry were respectively made Light Infantry regiments
for the defence--the one of Lucknow, the other of Saugor; but
memories are short. Few outside their own ranks know whence their
bugles came; indeed, in this very year (1910) a leading Service
paper, in answer to a correspondent, asserted that the 32nd were
made light infantry in the year 1832! In addition to the special
battle honours, "Defence of Lucknow" and "Defence of Saugor," all
regiments which took part in the suppression of the great rebellion
in India should be awarded the battle honour "India, 1857-58."
For upwards of half a century a picked body of native troops
kept watch and ward over the North-West Frontier of our Indian
Empire, waging numberless campaigns against the independent tribes
who people the borderland between our frontiers and those of
Afghanistan. In many of these border wars the fighting has been
hard, the losses very severe, but until the year 1897 no battle
honour was awarded for these services. Three medals have been
issued, with clasps for close on fifty different expeditions, but
the regiments of the old Punjab Frontier Force, which held that
border for fifty years, and which in so doing lost upwards of
2,000 officers and men, have never been authorized to add to their
colours the first two names of their old and well-known title.
The distinction "Punjab Frontier" was subsequently conferred on a
number of regiments which were present in one of the more recent
campaigns. In the Umbeyla Expedition of 1863 the total casualties
were 36 officers and 1,080 men killed and wounded, the heaviest
falling on the 71st (Highland Light Infantry) and 101st (now
Munster Fusiliers), and the three magnificent Punjab regiments
commanded by Majors Ross, Brownlow, and Keyes. At Umbeyla the
Highland Light Infantry suffered more heavily than in the Crimea
and Mutiny combined, but it bears no battle honours to remind it
that it lost five officers killed in the Boneyr Hills.
Here it may not be out of place to call attention to the
marvellous success that attended the Punjab Frontier Force as a
training-school for officers of the Indian army. It was formed
immediately after the conquest of the Punjab in 1849, the first
commander being Brigadier Hodgson, a grandson of the Studholme
Hodgson who took Belleisle in 1761. It was raised partly from the
tribes beyond our border, partly from the disbanded soldiers of
the Sikh army, partly from men of the Punjab, and was officered
by selected Captains and subalterns from the three presidencies
of Bengal, Madras, and Bombay. It was composed of five regiments
of cavalry, two mountain and two field batteries, ten battalions
of infantry, and the famous Corps of Guides. Not only did it bear
the brunt of every expedition on the Punjab Frontier, but its
regiments fought in Burmah in 1852 and in the Mutiny with rare
distinction. In the half-century of its existence it has seen
three of its members reach the highest rank in the army--that of
Field-Marshal--fifteen have been raised to the dignity of Grand
Cross of the Bath, and sixteen have won the Victoria Cross. The
young officers of the Punjab Force were taught to act on their own
responsibility. There was a total absence of red tape from the
first, and the result was the upgrowth of a school which did not a
little to the saving of our Indian Empire in the dark days of 1857.
Subalterns had found themselves in command of regiments, Captains
at the head of brigades of all arms, and when the Mutiny broke out
John Lawrence had at his hand a body of youngsters whom he employed
to raise regiments on a nucleus of their own corps. The squadrons
that Probyn and Watson (both these officers won the Victoria Cross,
and have lived to wear the Grand Cross of the Bath) took down to
Delhi expanded into regiments. As with the cavalry, so with the
infantry. In the China War of 1860 practically the whole of the
native troops employed at the front had been raised by officers
of the Punjab Irregular Force, and in the Abyssinian War, seven
years later, the Bengal Brigade was composed of regiments raised in
the same manner. The regiments which served under the great Duke
in Spain were authorized to bear the word "Peninsula" on their
colours and appointments, even though they had not been present
at any of the general actions for which a special distinction was
conferred. It would be a graceful act to recognize the service of
the Punjab Force by granting the battle honour "Punjab Frontier,
1849-1897," to each regiment of the old Frontier Force which for
that long fifty years bore the brunt of the fighting from Cashmere
to Baluchistan.
Honours to regiments for participation in naval actions appear
also to have been bestowed with the same lack of system. When we
remember that for many years prior to the Napoleonic wars, as well
as throughout the period 1793 to 1814, detachments of troops were
regularly employed in the fleet, it is certainly somewhat invidious
that only three regiments should bear the naval crown on their
colours and appointments. The Welsh is doubly honoured in having
the words "St. Vincent," as well as the naval crown, with the date
"April 12, 1782." The Queen's and Worcesters bear the crown, with
the date "June 1, 1794." I make no pretence of giving an exhaustive
list of the engagements in which soldiers have fought in the
fleet. I merely wish to emphasize the fact that many regiments
are entitled to the distinction conferred on the Queen's, the
Worcesters, and the Welsh.
The headquarters of the 39th (Dorsets) was with Admiral Watson at
the destruction of the nest of pirates at Gheriah, and subsequently
accompanied him to the relief of Calcutta and the capture of
Chandernagore. The 4th King's Own and 46th (Cornwall) were with
Lord Byron in the action off Granada in 1779, the 14th (West
Yorks) with Rodney at the Relief of Gibraltar. The 5th Fusiliers,
17th (Leicester), and 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) were with the
same Admiral when he defeated De Grasse two years later. The
headquarters of the 98th and a strong detachment of the 78th were
in Sir E. Hughes's fleet in the five actions with Suffren in the
Bay of Bengal in 1782-83. In his despatch Sir Edward alludes to the
valuable services afforded by Colonel Fullerton, of the 98th. In
the engagement of July 9, 1782, both regiments suffered severely.
Long prior to this the Grenadier and the Coldstream Guards were at
the Battle of Solebay, in 1672, and the Royal Fusiliers were with
Byng in the action off Minorca. The services of the Berkshires and
of the Rifle Brigade in Nelson's fleet brought the battle honour
"Copenhagen" to these distinguished corps, but they are without the
crown to show that it was won for naval services.
* * * * *
I think I have written enough on "missing battle honours" to
show that these distinctions are bestowed on no definite plan.
Abyssinia represents a marvellous triumph of military organization,
which gave the lie to the most ominous prophecies of disaster.
Detroit, Reshire, and Charasiah record skirmishes rather than
historic battles. Amboyna, Banda, and Ternate recall but minor
deeds of glory. Martinique and Guadeloupe remind us of conquests
oft repeated, with no permanent benefit to the Empire. Roleia
and Vimiera are associated more with the humiliating Convention
of Cintra than with military triumphs. On the other hand, the
regiments which brought Ceylon, Dominica, and Mauritius under our
flag are still unrewarded; for Marlborough's victories but four
honours have been granted, four-and-twenty for those of Wellington.
When Reshire and Hafir find a place on our colours, surely room
might be found for Schellenberg and Douai, for Menin, Nepaul, and
Umbeyla. Minorca and its gallant defence might be embroidered side
by side with Tarifa, El-bodon and Lerena with Sahagun, Ramnuggur
with Aliwal, and Barcelona with St. Sebastian.
The names on our colours do indeed testify to our "far-flung
battle-line." From Niagara to Pekin, from Copenhagen to the Cape of
Good Hope, the British soldier has fought, and bled, and conquered.
To record all the gallant deeds of the British army would be
impossible. In this chapter it has been my endeavour to recall a
few which have as yet found no place on our colours. There is still
room for the names of many such victories which "by their results
have left a mark in history, and which are familiar not only to the
British army, but to every educated gentleman."
* * * * *
The names inscribed on our colours should be familiarized to every
schoolboy, and, at the risk of being accused of militarism, I would
suggest that in every Board school should be hung the facsimile of
the colours of the county regiment, and that every lad should be
taught the part that regiment has played in the building of our
Empire--an Empire which is the heritage of every son of Britain.
Under the territorial system the nation and the army are being
drawn closer to each other. Battle honours are now no longer the
peculiar property of the regiment which earned them, but are
proudly borne by corps which have never seen a shot fired in anger,
and thus they become a source of pride to the county to which those
regiments belong. The men of territorial regiments and the boys
of cadet corps all have their share in the battle honours of their
county regiments.
History, we are told, is but a record of crimes. Those crimes
cannot be laid to the charge of the men who, in obedience to
orders, went forth to face death in the battles which are
inscribed on the colours of our army. Those dead heroes lie in
long-forgotten graves, but the humblest private among them was an
empire-builder--a member of that advance guard of civilization
which Great Britain has sent forth to the uttermost ends of the
earth. Hateful though war be, few are the wars we have waged that
have not ultimately brought peace and prosperity in their train,
and there are still fewer names on our colours from which other
lessons than those of tactics and strategy may not be learnt.
"England expects that every man will do his duty" was the last
signal of the immortal Nelson--one which he kept flying to the end.
That, too, is the signal held before every soldier when the colours
are uncased. The names embroidered in their letters of gold are a
perpetual reminder to him that those who have gone before him, and
whose privilege it has been to die under those standards, have ever
acted up to Nelson's signal and to the immemorial traditions of the
British army,
DULCE ET DECORUM EST PRO PATRIA MORI.
APPENDIX I
EGYPT, 1884
This distinction has been conferred on the
10th Hussars.
19th Hussars.
Royal Highlanders.
King's Royal Rifles.
York and Lancaster Regiment.
Royal Irish Fusiliers.
Gordon Highlanders.
It commemorates a short campaign which entailed some hard fighting
in the neighbourhood of Suakin, on the Red Sea, in the early part
of the year 1884. The campaign of 1884 in Egypt was primarily due
to the action of the mutinous Egyptian army, but it was soon found
that the evil was far more deeply seated. The British occupation
struck at the root of the prosperity of Upper Egypt, where
thousands depended on the slave trade, and serious risings against
the authority of the Khedive took place throughout the Soudan.
The forces despatched to restore order were signally defeated.
As these were under the command of English officers, lent to the
Egyptian Government, we at once became involved. One of these
armies, commanded by Hicks Pasha, which had been sent from Khartoum
towards the Equatorial provinces, was annihilated. A second, under
Valentine Baker Pasha, was cut to pieces in the near neighbourhood
of Suakin. It was to wipe out the stain of this defeat that General
Sir Gerald Graham was despatched with the above force in February,
1884. The 10th Hussars and 89th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) had been
stopped on their way home from India; the other regiments formed a
portion of the army of occupation. Sir Gerald fought two general
actions--the one at El Teb on February 24, the other at Tamai on
March 14. The Egyptian medal of 1882 was conferred on the troops
present in the campaign, with clasps for the two actions, those
present in both receiving one clasp with the two names engraved on
it. The regiments received but one battle honour--"Egypt, 1884."
CASUALTIES AT EL TEB, FEBRUARY 24, 1884.
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Forces_ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| _Employed._ | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|Royal Artillery | - | 1 | 1 | - |
|10th Hussars | 2 | 1 | 4 | - |
|Royal Highlanders | - | 3 | 3 | - |
|York and Lancaster | - | 3 | 7 | - |
|Gordon Highlanders | - | - | - | - |
|Roy. Engineers | - | 1 | 1 | - |
|19th Hussars | 1 | 2 | 13 | 20 |
|King's Royal Rifles | 1 | - | - | - |
|Royal Irish Fusiliers | - | 1 | - | 7 |
|Royal Marines | - | 2 | 3 | - |
|Naval Brigade | 1 | 2 | 2 | 9 |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
CASUALTIES AT TAMAI, MARCH 14, 1884.
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Forces_ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| _Employed._ | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|10th Hussars | - | - | - | - |
|Royal Highlanders | 1 | 4 | 60 | 29 |
|York and Lancaster | 1 | 1 | 30 | 23 |
|Gordon Highlanders | - | 1 | 1 | 8 |
|19th Hussars | - | - | - | - |
|King's Royal Rifles | - | - | - | 5 |
|Royal Irish Fusiliers | - | 1 | - | 5 |
|Royal Marines | - | - | 3 | 15 |
|Naval Brigade | 3 | - | 6 | 7 |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
APPENDIX II
DEFENCE OF KIMBERLEY, 1899-1900
This battle honour is borne only by the Loyal North Lancashire
Regiment. The importance of holding fast to Kimberley, the
headquarters of the diamond industry in South Africa, was, of
course, early recognized by the authorities at the Cape; but, owing
to the extent of territory we had to guard and the paucity of the
troops at his disposal, Sir Forestier Walker was only able to spare
a half-battalion of regulars for the garrison of this extremely
valuable centre. Its command was entrusted to Colonel Kekewich, of
the old 47th Foot. His position was one of great delicacy, for the
uncrowned King of South Africa, the Right Honourable Cecil Rhodes,
judged it his duty to undergo the perils of the siege. The gigantic
intellect of Mr. Rhodes and his independence of character did
not lend itself to a due appreciation of the military situation.
He fretted at the action of the officers in supreme command. At
the same time, he showed unexampled generosity in assisting the
civilians who were beleaguered with him, and spent money like
water in furthering all plans for the defence of the town which
met with his approval. The population of the place was upwards of
40,000, of whom no less than 35,000 were natives. To feed these
and to guard the long perimeter from attack taxed the slender
resources of the brave commander to the uttermost. The force at
his disposal consisted of one company of Garrison Artillery, four
companies North Lancashire Regiment, Diamond Field Artillery (six
guns), Kimberley Infantry, Diamond Field Horse, Kimberley Horse,
numbering in all some 1,200 men. From the declaration of war on
October 12, 1899, until the relief by General French on February
16, 1900, the town was closely besieged. The civilian element
suffered but little from the desultory bombardment, nor were the
casualties amongst the garrison abnormally heavy.
CASUALTIES AT THE DEFENCE OF KIMBERLEY.
+--------------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Forces Employed._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+--------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|North Lancashire Regiment | 1 | 3 | 4 | 10 |
|Other military details | 1 | 7 | 13 | 43 |
|Civilian population | - | - | 5 | 24 |
+--------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
APPENDIX III
AMBOOR
The distinction commemorates the gallant defence of the Fort of
Amboor, in the Carnatic, by a force under the command of Captain
Calvert, of the Madras army, when closely besieged by Hyder Ali's
army in the year 1767. Calvert's garrison consisted of a sergeant's
party of the old 1st Madras European Regiment, now the Royal
Dublin Fusiliers, one company of the 4th Madras Infantry, and the
headquarters of the 10th Madras Infantry, some 500 strong. On
November 15, five days after Hyder Ali's batteries opened fire,
Calvert was compelled to abandon the lower fort, owing to the
severity of the bombardment and the fact that the siege batteries
commanded his outworks. He held the upper fort until the advance
of the main army, under Colonel Smith, on December 10, compelled
Hyder Ali to withdraw. In recognition of the steady gallantry
displayed by the 10th Madras Infantry, it was officially designated
the Amboor Regiment, and was authorized to carry a third colour,
recording the defence of Amboor. Its casualties during the siege
amounted to a native officer and 11 men killed and 23 men wounded.
The 10th Gurkhas, which is the lineal descendant of the old 10th
Madras Native Infantry, has not yet been authorized to assume this
battle honour.
APPENDIX IV
WAR MEDALS
In the reign of Queen Anne medals were struck to commemorate
military operations, though it does not appear that these were
actually bestowed on the officers who assisted at them. In Boyer's
"History of the Reign of Queen Anne" excellent facsimiles are given
of the medals enumerated below:
1. The Capture of Kaiserwart, Venloo, and Liège, 1702.
2. The Destruction of the Spanish Fleet in Vigo, 1702.
3. The Battle of Blenheim, 1704.
4. The Capture of Gibraltar, 1704.
5. The Battle of Ramillies, 1706.
6. The Relief of Barcelona, 1706.
7. The Battle of Oudenarde, 1708.
8. The Capture of Lille, 1708.
9. The Capture of Sardinia and Minorca, 1708.
10. The Capture of Tournay, 1709.
11. The Battle of Malplaquet, 1709.
12. The Capture of Mons.
13. The Capture of Douay.
14. The Capture of Bethune, St. Venant, and Aire, 1710.
15. The Battle of Almancara, in Spain, July 16, 1710.
16. The Battle of Saragossa, August 9, 1710.
17. The Capture of Bouchain, 1711.
The East India Company had for many years been in the habit of
granting medals or other rewards to officers and men employed in
military operations under the orders of the Governor-General. These
had been conferred on officers of the King's as well as on those
of the Honourable Company's Services, but in the case of King's
officers permission was rarely granted for such medals to be worn
outside the Company's dominions. It was not until the year 1815
that the Prince Regent, following the example of the East India
Company, suggested the bestowal of a silver medal on all officers
and men who had been present at the Battle of Waterloo or the
engagements of the two previous days.
Prior to this the East India Company had granted gold medals to
the British officers and silver to native officers present in the
following campaigns:
1. The Campaign in Guzerat in 1778-1782. All ranks.
2. The War in Mysore, 1791-1794. Officers only.
3. The Expedition to Ceylon, 1796. Officers only.
4. The Capture of Seringapatam, 1799. Officers only.
5. The Expedition to Egypt in 1801. Officers only.
6. The Expeditions to Rodriguez, Bourbon, and the Mauritius,
in the years 1809-10. Officers only.
7. The Expedition to Java in 1811. Officers only.
Then came the issue of the Waterloo Medal by the Prince Regent,
subsequently to which the East India Company continued the issue of
medals at the close of any important campaign. The medals now took
a different form, being assimilated to that issued for Waterloo.
These smaller medals were granted for--
8. The War in Nepaul, 1814-1817.
9. The First Burmese War, 1824-1826.
10. The Capture of Ghuznee.
11. The Defence of Jelalabad, 1842.
12. The Defence of Khelat-i-Ghilzai, 1842.
13. A medal for the War in Afghanistan, inscribed with one
or more of the following names: Candahar, 1842;
Ghuznee, 1842; or Cabool, 1842.
Queen Victoria, on being applied to, gave her consent to this medal
being worn by officers and men in uniform beyond the dominions of
the East India Company. At the same time the young Queen expressed
her opinion that there should be but one fountain of honour, and
that it should not be left to a company of merchants to award
decorations to soldiers of the Crown.
The next occasion on which the East India Company bestowed a medal
was for--
14. Sir Charles Napier's Expedition in Scinde, when a
medal, inscribed "Meeanee" or "Hyderabad," or,
in the case of those present at both battles, with
both names, to all ranks who fought in Scinde.
15. For the Gwalior Campaign a bronze five-pointed star was
issued; and
16. The First Sikh War of 1846 saw the last issue of a medal
by the East India Company.
17. The Medal for the Punjab Campaign of 1848 being
authorized by Queen Victoria.
The Duke of Richmond, who had served on the Staff of the Duke of
Wellington in the Peninsular War, now moved in Parliament that a
medal be bestowed on the survivors of the campaigns fought under
the Great Duke. The Duke himself, if he did not actually oppose
the motion, at any rate threw cold water upon it. The young Queen,
however, was a warm supporter of the idea of rewarding the men
who had fought for England long years before, and, after lengthy
discussions, it was decided that a silver medal should be bestowed
on all survivors, officers and men, of the following battles:
Roleia, August 17, 1808.
Vimiera, August 21, 1808.
Sahagun, December 21, 1808.
Benevente, January 3, 1809.
Corunna, January 16, 1809.
The Douro, May 24, 1809.
Talavera, July 27, 1809.
Busaco, September 27, 1810.
Barrosa, March 4, 1811.
Fuentes d'Onor, May 5, 1811.
Albuera, May 16, 1811.
Ciudad Rodrigo, January, 1812.
Badajoz, March and April, 1812.
Salamanca, July 22, 1812.
Vittoria, June 21, 1813.
Pyrenees, July 28 to August 2, 1813.
St. Sebastian, August and September, 1813.
Nivelle, November 10, 1813.
Nive, December 9-13, 1813.
Orthes, February 27, 1814.
Toulouse, April 10, 1814.
Subsequently the issue of the medal was sanctioned to the survivors
of the following operations:
Egypt, 1801.
Maida, 1806.
Martinique, 1809.
Guadeloupe, 1810.
Java, 1811.
Fort Detroit, August, 1812.
Châteaugay, October, 1813.
Chrystler's Farm, November 1, 1813.
Efforts were made, but unsuccessfully, to extend the medal so as to
include the capture of the Cape of Good Hope, of Mauritius, and the
war in Nepaul. It will be noticed that the medal was granted for
services extending from the Egyptian campaign of 1801 to the Battle
of Toulouse in 1814; yet the medal bears the dates 1794-1814, and
is graced with the head of the young Queen Victoria, who was not
born until five years after Toulouse was fought.
In February, 1851, a similar medal was granted to the survivors of
the many campaigns waged in India between the years 1798 and 1826;
with it were issued the following clasps:
Seringapatam.
Assaye.
Argaum.
Deig.
Seetabuldee.
Corygaum.
Alli Ghur.
Assurghur.
Gawalghur.
Nepaul.
Nagpore.
Ava.
Delhi, 1803.
Laswarree.
Delhi, 1804.
Kirkee.
Maheidpore.
Bhurtpore.
The issue of the Peninsular Medal inaugurated a new system with
regard to the rewards for military services, and henceforth the
officers and men of the navy and army have been rewarded with
a medal for practically every campaign in which they have been
engaged. Times have indeed changed. In the early days of the
Peninsular War the Duke of Wellington refused to recommend the
issue of the gold medal (which was only granted to field officers)
except to those who had been actually under the _musketry_ fire
of the enemy. Ninety years later we have seen a medal granted for
garrison service in Malta and St. Helena the while a war was in
progress in South Africa.
INDEX
Abercromby, General Ralph, in Flanders, 95, 114;
in Egypt, 123
Abercromby, General Robert, 78
Abraham, the heights of, 39
Abu Klea, action at, 135
Abyssinia, expedition to, 370
Acland, General, in Peninsula, 161
Adams, Brigadier, at Bhurtpore, 212
Aden, capture of, 235
Afghanistan, first war, 252;
second war, 378
Afridis, expeditions against, 404
Afridis soldiers, 398; 405
Agra, capture of (1803), 151;
action at (1857), 324
Ahmadabad, capture of, 70
Ahmad Khel, action at, 389
Ahmadnagar, capture of, 151
Albemarle, Earl of, at Havana, 105
Albuera, Battle of, 172
Ali Masjid, capture of, 381
Alison, General Sir A., in Egypt, 132
Aliwal, Battle of, 281
Alli Ghur, Battle of, 147
Alma, Battle of, 297
Almaraz, action at, 173
Alumbagh, defence of, 327
Amboyna, capture of, 221
Ameer Khan, 200
Amherst, the Earl of, at Louisburg, 37 _et seq._
Amirs of Afghanistan: Dost Mohammed, 255;
Shah Sujah, 255;
Shere Ali, 385;
Yakub Khan, 388;
Abdul Rahman, 388
Amirs of Scinde, 266
Amoy, capture of, 337
Anstruther, General, in Peninsula, 160;
killed at Corunna, 164
Arabia, expedition to, 223, 231
Arab pirates, 225
Arcot, capture of, 51
Argaum, Battle of, 150
Armiger, General, in West Indies, 100
Arnaud, Marshal St., 296
Arracan, operations in, 245
Arrah, defence of, 333
Arroyos dos Molinos, action at, 174
Assaye, 149
Atbara, Battle of, 141
Auchmuty, General Sir S., at Monte Video, 42;
in Java, 228
Austria, Emperor of, 91
Austria, subsidies to, 194
Ava, expedition to, 240
Badajos, storming of, 178
Badara, Battle of, 57
Bailie, Major T. M., at Aden, 235
Baillie, Colonel, 68
Baird, Captain David, 69;
afterwards Sir David, 85;
in Peninsular War, 162
Baker, Colonel Valentine, in Egypt, 136
Baker, Major T. D., 369;
afterwards General Sir T., 385
Balaclava, Battle of, 300
Baluchis, the, 256
Banda, capture of, 224
Barabuttee, action at, 151
Baring, Sir Evelyn (afterwards Lord Cromer), 139
Barnard, General, at Delhi, 312
Barrington, Admiral, at St. Lucia, 100, 109
Barrosa, Battle of, 170
Barrow, Brigadier, at Guadeloupe, 120
Bassein, capture of, 244
Basse Terre, 100
Bath, grant of the Order of the, 197
Battles and campaigns:
Abu Klea, 135
Abyssinia, 370
Aden, 234
Afghanistan (1839), 252;
(1879), 378
Agra, 151, 324
Ahmad Khel, 389
Albuera, 172
Ali Masjid, 381
Aliwal, 281
Alli Ghur, 147
Alma, 297
Almaraz, 173
Amboyna, 220
Arabia, 224
Arcot, 50
Argaum, 150
Arracan, 245
Arrah, 332
Arroyos dos Molinos, 174
Ashantee (1874), 372
Ashanti (1900), 376
Assaye, 149
Atbara, 141
Ava, 239
Badajos, 177
Badara, 57
Balaclava, 300
Banda, 224
Bangalore, 79
Baroda, 220
Barrosa, 170
Beaumont, 92
Behar, 332
Belleisle, 440
Beni Boo Alli, 233
Betourah, 81
Bhurtpore, 211
Bladensburg, 46
Blenheim, 16
Bourbon, 226
British East Africa, 376
Budli ka Serai, 313
Burmah, 240 _et seq._
Busaco, 168
Bushire, 237
Buxar, 63
Cabool (1842), 263
Candahar (1842), 261
Canton, 339
Cape of Good Hope, 348
Carnatic, 67
Central India, 329
Ceylon, 216, 217, 445
Charasiah, 386
Chillianwallah, 289
China, 336-347
Chitral, 393
Chumar, 215
Ciudad Rodrigo, 176
Cochin, 154, 218
Condore, 55
Coorg, 446
Copenhagen, 364
Corunna, 162
Corygaum, 208
Cuddalore, 72, 216
Cutchee, 265
Deig, 151
Delhi (1803), 148;
(1857) 312
Detroit, 44
Dettingen, 24
Dominica, 116, 441
Douai, 438
Douro, 166
Egmont-op-Zee, 95
Egypt (1801), 122
Egypt (1882-1884), 129, 454
Emsdorf, 28
Ferozeshah, 277
Fuentes d'Onor, 171
Ghuznee (1839), 254;
(1842), 262, 389
Gibraltar (1704), 3;
(1779), 10
Goojerat, 291
Guadeloupe (1759), 99;
(1810), 120
Guzerat, 69
Hafir, 139
Havana, 104
Hindoostan, 214
Hyderabad, 268
India, 218
Inkerman, 302
Java, 228
Jelalabad, 260
Kabul, 387
Kahun, 257
Kalunga, 214
Kamounah, 215
Kemmendine, 242
Khartoum, 141
Khelat, 255
Kimberley, 422, 456
Kirbekan, 135
Kirkee, 203
Koosh-ab, 239
Kutra, 66
Ladysmith, 425
Laswaree, 150
Lille, 20, 437
Lincelles, 90
Louisberg, 36
Lucknow, 316, 329
Maharajpore, 270
Maheidpore, 207
Maida, 10
Malakand, 398
Malplaquet, 21
Mandora, 125
Mangalore, 73
Manilla, 441
Marabout, 127
Martinique (1762), 102;
(1794), 111;
(1809), 118
Masulipatam, 56
Mauritius, 445
Mediterranean, 11
Meeanee, 266
Menin, 19, 437
Miami, 45
Minden, 26
Modder River, 417
Monte Video, 40
Moodkee, 276
Moro, 108
Multan, 291
Mysore, 77
Nagpore, 206
Namur, 12
Naval Crown, 362
Nepaul, 446
New Zealand, 368
Niagara, 45
Nieuport, 91
Nile, 133
Nive, 186
Nivelle, 184
Nowah, 209
Nundy Droog, 79
Orthes, 187
Oudenarde, 19
Paardeburg, 423
Paniani, 72
Pegu, 247
Peiwar Kotal, 382
Pekin, 343;
(1900), 346
Peninsula, 190
Persia, 236
Persian Gulf, 230
Plassy, 52
Pondicherry, 60
Poona, 204
Punjab Frontier, 396, 448
Punjaub, 286
Punniar, 272
Pyrenees, 182
Quebec, 38
Queenstown, 44
Quilon, 218
Ramillies, 18
Reshire, 238
Rohilcund (1774), 66;
(1794), 81
Roleia, 157
Sahagun, 161
St. Lucia (1778), 109;
(1796), 114;
(1803), 115
St. Sebastian, 184
St. Vincent, 362
Salamanca, 178
Samana, 403
Sattimangulum, 215
Scinde, 266
Seedaseer, 82
Seetabuldee, 204
Seringapatam, 84
Sevastopol, 306
Sholinghur, 71
Sierra Leone, 373
Sobraon, 283
South Africa (1835), 351;
(1846-47), 352;
(1851-52-53), 353;
(1878-79), 355;
(1899-1901), 408
Suakin, 136
Surinam, 115
Taku Forts, 342
Talavera, 167
Tangier, 1
Tanjore, 444
Tarifa, 176
Tel-el-Kebir, 130
Ternate, 223
Tirah, 404
Tofrek, 138
Toulouse, 188
Tournay, 93
Villers-en-Couche, 91
Vimiera, 159
Vittoria, 180
Wandewash, 59
Warburg, 29
Waterloo, 192
West Africa, 374
Wilhelmstahl, 32
Willems, 93
Beaumont, Battle of, 92
Beckwith, Colonel, at Warburg, 32;
at Wilhelmstahl, 33
Beckwith, General Sir George, at Martinique and Guadeloupe, 118, 120
Behar, operations in, 334
Benevente, action at, 162
Beni Boo Alli, expedition to, 225, 233
Bentinck, General, in Peninsula, 163
Beresford, Brigadier, at the Cape, 350;
at Monte Video, 41;
in Peninsula, 163
Beresford, Captain Lord Charles, in Egypt, 135
Betourah, Battle of, 81
Bhurtpore, failure at, 211;
capture of, 213
Biddulph, General Sir M., 384
Bladensburg, action at, 46
Blanket, Commodore, at the Cape, 349
Blane, Sir Seymour, at Balaclava, 305
Blenheim, Battle of, 16
Blood, General Sir Bindon, at Relief of Malakand, 400
Bolan, the Pass of, 253
Boneyr Hills, 449
Bourbon, the Island of, expedition to, 226
Bowes, Brigadier, in the Peninsula, 158, 160
Boxer, the, Rising, 344
Braithwaite, Colonel, 62, 68
Bridges, General, at Seringapatam, 85
British East Africa, 376
Bromhead, Lieutenant, V.C., at Rorkes Drift, 357
Brooke, Brigadier, at Kandahar, 390
Brooke, Colonel, at Bladensburg, 46
Brown, Captain, at Kahun, 257
Brown, General Sir George, in Crimea, 296
Brown, Trooper, 3rd Hussars, at Dettingen, 25
Browne, General Sir Samuel, V.C., in Afghanistan, 380
Brownlow, Field-Marshal Sir Charles, 399, 449
Buenos Ayres, defeat at, 41
Budli-ka-Serai, action at, 313
Buller, General Sir R., in Egypt, 136;
in South Africa, 415
Burgos, reverse at, 180
Burmah, war in (1824), 240;
(1852), 247;
(1885-1887), 249;
annexation of, 251
Burr, Colonel, at Kirkee, 203;
at Ternate, 223
Burrard, General, 95
Burrington, Colonel, 81
Busaco, Battle of, 168
Bushire, capture of, 237
Buxar, Battle of, 63
Byng, Admiral, at Gibraltar, 3
Cairo, 127, 131
Calder, Brigadier, at St. Lucia, 109
Cambridge, H.R.H. the Duke of, in Crimea, 296
Cameron, General Sir D., in New Zealand, 369
Campbell, Brigadier, at Martinique (1794), 111
Campbell, Brigadier Colin, in the Punjab, 288;
at Balaclava, 300;
at Lucknow, 324
Campbell, Colonel, at Mangalore, 73
Campbell, General the Honourable, at Dettingen, 25
Campbell, Sir Archibald, in Burmah, 241
Campbell, Sir John, in the Crimea, 296
Campbell's Highlanders at Warburg, 30;
at Wilhelmstahl, 33
Candahar (1842), 261
Canton, 337, 339
Cape of Good Hope (1795), 349;
(1806), 350
Cardigan, the Earl of, 296, 302
Cardigan, the, Militia, 363
Carnatic, operations in the, 67
_Caroline_, H.M.S., at Banda, 224
Casualties:
at Abu Klea, 135
in Aden, 236
at Ahmad Khel, 389
at Albuera, 173
at Ali Masjid, 381
at Aliwal, 282
at Ally Ghur, 147
at Alma, 299
at Almaraz, 174
at Amboyna, 222
in Arabia (1809), 225
in Argaum, 150
in Arracan, 246
at Arroyos dos Molinos, 175
in Ashantee, 373, 377
at Assaye, 149
at Asseerghur, 219
at Atbara, 141
in Ava, 246
at Badajos, 178
at Badara, 57
at Balaclava, 302
at Bangalore, 79
at Baroach, 220
at Baroda, 220
at Barrosa, 170
at Beaumont, 92
in Behar, 334
at Beni Boo Alli, 225, 234
at Betourah, 82
at Bhurtpore, 211, 213
at Bladensburg, 48
at Blenheim, 17
at Bourbon, 227
in British East Africa, 376
in Burma (1824), 246;
(1852), 248;
(1885), 251
at Busaco, 169
at Buxar, 65
in Cabool, 265
in Cambay, 219
in Cannanore, 216
at the Cape of Good Hope (1795), 349;
(1806), 351
in Central India, 331
at Charasiah, 386
at Chillianwallah, 290
in China (1840-1842), 338;
(1860), 343, 344
in Chitral, 394
at Ciudad Rodrigo, 177
in Cochin, 155
at Condore, 56
at Copenhagen (1801), 364;
(1806), 366
at Corunna, 164
at Corygaum, 209
at Cuddalore, 72, 216
at Deig, 154
at Delhi (1803), 148;
(1857), 315
at Detroit, 44
at Dettingen, 26
at Dindigul, 216
in Dominica, 117, 441
at Douai, 438
at the Douro, 166
at Egmont-op-Zee, 96
in Egypt (1802), 128;
(1882), 130
at Emsdorff, 29
at Ferozeshah, 280
at Fuentes d'Onor, 171
at Gawilghur, 150
at Ghuznee (1839), 255;
(1842), 263
at Gibraltar (1704), 4;
(1727), 8;
(1779-1783), 10
at Goojerat, 294
at Guadeloupe (1702), 98;
(1759), 102;
(1794), 99;
(1810), 121;
(1815), 121
in Havana, 107
at Hyderabad, 269
at Inkerman, 304
in Java, 230
at Jelalabad, 260
at Jemlanabad, 219
at Jersey, 360
at Kabul, 388
at Kamounah, 215
at Kandahar, 390, 392
at Kemmendine, 243
at Khartoum, 143
at Khelat, 257
at Kimberley, 423
at Kirbekan, 136
at Kirkee, 204
at Koosh-ab, 239
at Kutra, 66
at Ladysmith, 426, 427
at Laswarree, 151
at Lincelles, 90
at Louisburg, 37
at Lucknow--Defence, 320;
Relief, 328;
Capture, 329
at Maharajpore, 271
at Maheidpore, 207
at Maida, 11
at Malakand, 401
at Malplaquet, 23
at Mandora, 128
at Mangalore, 76
at Marabout, 128
at Martinique (1762), 104;
(1794), 112;
(1809), 119
at Masulipatam, 57
at Meeanee, 268
at Miami, 45
at Minden, 27
at Modder River, 417
at Monte Video, 43
at Moodkee, 277
at Mooltan, 292
at Nagpore, 206
at Namur, 14
in New Zealand, 368, 369
at Niagara, 45
at Nieuport, 91
at Nive, 187
at Nivelle, 185
at Nowah, 210
at Orthes, 188
at Oudenarde, 21
at Paardeburg, 425
at Paniani, 73
at Pegu (_see_ Burmah)
at Peiwar Kotal, 383
at Pekin, 344
in the Persian Gulf, 233;
(_see_ Arabia, Beni Boo Alli)
at Plassy, 55
at Pondicherry, 61, 63
at Poonah, 204
at Punniar, 272
at Pyrenees, 183
at Quatre-Bras, 195
at Quebec, 40
at Queenstown, 44
at Quilon, 218
at Ramillies, 19
at Reshire, 238
at Rohilcund, 66, 82
at Roleia, 158
at Sahagun, 162
at St. George's Battle, 66
at St. Lucia (1778), 110;
(1796), 115;
(1803), 115
at St. Sebastian, 184
at St. Vincent, 363
at Salamanca, 179
at Samana, 403
at Sattimungulum, 215
at Schellenberg, 16
in Scinde (_see_ Meeanee, 266; Hyderabad, 268)
at Seedaseer, 84
at Seetabuldee, 205
at Seringapatam, 81, 87
at Sevastopol, 307
at Sierra Leone, 374
at Sobraon, 285
in South Africa, 359, 431, 432
at Surinam, 116
at Taku Forts, 343
at Talavera, 168
at Tangier, 2
at Tanjore, 444
at Tarifa, 176
at Tel-el-Kebir, 132
at Ternate, 223
at Tirah, 407
at Tofrek, 138
at Toulouse, 189
at Tournay, 94
at Umbeyla, 449
at Villers-en-Couches, 91
at Vimiera, 159
at Vittoria, 181
at Wandewash, 60
at Warburg, 31
at Waterloo, 195
in West Africa, 374, 375
at Wilhelmstahl, 34
at Willems, 93
Cathcart, General Sir G., 296, 354
Cathcart, General the Lord, 365
Cavan, General the Earl of, 95, 123
Cawdor, the Earl of, at Fishguard, 363
Cawnpore, action at, 326
Central India, operations in, 329
Ceylon, capture of, 216, 452
Chakdara, defence of, 401
Charasiah, action at, 386
Champion, Colonel, in Rohilcund, 66
Chandernagore, capture of, 53
Chaplin, Lieutenant, V.C., in China, 343
Chard, Lieutenant, V.C., at Rorkes Drift, 357
Châteaugay, medal for, 44
Chatham, General the Lord, 95
Cheduba, occupation of, 241
Chelmsford, General the Lord, in South Africa, 355
Childers, Brigadier, at Bhurtpore, 212
Chillianwallah, the Battle of, 290
China, war in (1842), 336 _et seq._;
(1860), 341
Chinhut, reverse at, 319
Chitral, defence and relief of, 393
Christler's farm, medal for, 44
Chusan, capture of, 337
Cintra, convention of, 159
Ciudad, Rodrigo, Battle of, 176
Clarke, General, Sir Alured, at the Cape, 349
Clavering, Brigadier J., at Guadeloupe, 100
Cleveland, Major, 100
Clibborn, Major, 259
Clive, Lord Robert, 50, 51, 53 _et seq._
Cochin, defence of, 154
Cochrane, Admiral, at Bladensburg, 46
Codrington, General Sir W., in Crimea, 296
Coles, Captain, R.N., at Banda, 224
Colville, Brigadier, at Martinique, 118
Combermere, General the Lord, at Bhurtpore, 211
Condore, the Battle of, 55
Coote, General Sir Eyre, at Plassy, 54;
at Wandewash, 59;
at Pondicherry, 60;
at Sholinghur, 71
Coote, Major-General, at Egmont-op-Zee, 93;
in Egypt, 123
Copenhagen, 364
Cornwallis, General the Lord, 78, 81
Corunna, Battle of, 162
Corygaum, the Battle of, 208
Cotton, General Sir W., 253
Cradock, General, 123
Craig, Major-General, at the Cape of Good Hope, 349
Craigie, Captain, at Khelat-i-Ghilzai, 261
Crawford, General, 158, 163
Crealock, Major-General H. H., 358
Crimean War, the, 295-310
Cromer, the Lord, 139
Crump, General, at Guadeloupe, 101
Cuddalore, Battle of, 72
Cutchee, expedition to, 265
Cutts, General the Lord, 15
Dalhousie, Lord, in India, 318
Dalrymple, General, at Vimiera, 160
Darby, Admiral, at Gibraltar, 9
Daulhat, Major, at Warburg, 30
Deig, Battle of, 151;
siege and capture of, 154
Delaborde, General, in Peninsula, 158
Delamaine, Brigadier, at Bhurtpore, 213
Delhi, (1803) 148;
(1857), 312
De Muy, General, at Warburg, 29
Dennie, Colonel, killed at Jelalabad, 260
De Stainville, General, at Wilhelmstahl, 33
Des Vœux, Major, at Fort Gulistan, 403
Detroit, action at, 44
Dettingen, Battle of, 24
Dick, General Sir Robert, 284;
killed, 286
Dickenson, Brigadier-General, in Burmah, 247
Disney, General, in Peninsular War, 164
Don, Colonel, at Deig, 152
Don, Major-General, in Flanders, 95
Dost Mohammed, ruler of Afghanistan, 255, 256
Douro, Battle of, 166
Doveton, Major-General, in second Mahratta War, 202
Doyle, Major-General, 123
Doyley, Major-General, 95
Drummond, Captain, R.A., at Minden, 27
Dunbar, Brigadier, at Martinique, (1794), 111
Dundas, Brigadier the Hon., at Multan, 292
Dundas, Major-General, at St. Lucia, 113
Dunlop, Colonel, at Seedaseer, 83
Dupont, Monsieur, in India, 149
D'Urban, General Sir B., in South Africa, 352
Durnford, Colonel, R.E., in South Africa, 356, 357
Eagles, French, captured at Martinique, 119
Earle, Major-General, in Egypt, 133, 136
Edwardes, Brigadier, at Bhurtpore, 212
Edwardes, Lieutenant Herbert, at Multan, 287, 291
Egmont-op-Zee, Battle of, 95
Egypt, expedition to (1802), 122;
(1882), 129;
(1884), 133;
(1884), 135;
campaign in (1897-98), 139
Eighth Hussars in 1802, 129
Eighty-ninth Regiment at Buxar, 64
Elles, Major-General Sir E., on Punjab Frontier, 402
Eliott, General Sir George, at Gibraltar, 8
Eliott, Brigadier-General W. H., in Burmah, 247
Elphinstone, Admiral Sir Keith, at the Cape, 349
Emsdorff, the Battle of, 28
England, General Sir R., in the Crimea, 296
Etshowe, 257
Evans, General Sir De Lacy, in the Crimea, 296
Ewart, Brigadier Sir Henry, 131, 137
Eyre, Brigadier-General, in the Crimea, 296
Eyre, Major Vincent, at relief of Arrah, 333
Fagan, Brigadier, at Bhurtpore, 212
Fair, Colonel, in Arracan, 245
Fane, Brigadier General, at Roleia, 158, 160, 163
Fane, General Sir H., in India, 253
Fergusson, Brigadier, at the Cape of Good Hope, 350
Fergusson, Brigadier, at Roleia, 157
Ferozeshah, Battle of, 277
Festing, Colonel, in Ashantee, 372
Firket, action at, 140
Fishguard, 363
Fitzgerald, Captain, at Seetabuldee, 205
Flanders, the campaign in, 88-96
Flint, Lieutenant, at Wandewash, 68
Floyd, Colonel, at Pondicherry, 62;
in Mysore, 85
Forbes, Captain, at Ternate, 223
Forde, Major, at Condore, 55;
at Masulipatam, 56;
at Badara, 58
Foreign decorations, 91, 133, 308
Foreign war medals, 307, 308
Fraser, General, at Deig, 152
Fremantle, General, at Suakim, 137
French, General Sir J., in South Africa, 415 _et seq._
French war medal, 308
Fox, General, at Tournay, 93
Foy, Captain, R.A., at Minden, 27
Fuentes d'Onor, Battle of, 171
Gaikas, the wars with, 352
Garlies, Captain the Viscount, 113
Gaselee, General Sir Alfred, in Tirah, 405;
in China, 344
Gatacre, General Sir W., in Egypt, 140;
in Chitral, 395
Gawilghur, the capture of, 150
George, H.R.H. Prince, at Martinique, 111;
at St. Lucia, 113
George, H.M. the King, at Dettingen, 24
Ghuznee, the capture of, 254
Gibbs, Brigadier, in Java, 228
Gilbert, General Sir Walter, 274, 288, 293
Gillespie, General R. R., in Java, 228
Godby, Brigadier, in the Punjab, 288
Goddard, General, in Guzerat, 70
Godwin, General, in Burmah, 247
Goojerat, the Battle of, 292
Gordon, Brigadier Sir C., at Martinique, 111
Gordon, General C. C., at Khartoum, 134
Gough, Brigadier Sir Charles, at Goojerat, 293;
in Afghanistan, 380
Gough, General Sir Hugh, at Maharajpore, 270;
in the Sutlej campaign, 275;
the Punjab War, 288;
in China, 377
Gough, Lieutenant Hugh, 325;
afterwards Brigadier, 381
Gowdie, Major, in Mysore, 79, 85
Graham, Major, at the Taku Forts, 342;
General Sir G., at Suakin, 137
Grahamstown, attack on, 353
Granby, General the Lord, at Menden, 28;
at Warburg, 29;
at Wilhelmstahl, 32
Grande Terre, the Island of, 100
Grant, Brigadier, at Martinique, 103;
at Havana, 106;
at St. Lucia, 109
Grant, General Sir Hope, in the Mutiny, 324;
in China, 341
Grant, Lieutenant-Colonel, in Arracan, 245
Greaves, Major, afterwards General Sir George, 369
Green, General Sir C., at Surinam, 116
Grenfell, General, in Egypt, 139
Grenfell, Major-General, in Egypt, 139
Grey, Major-General Sir C., at Martinique, 111;
at St. Lucia, 113
Grey, Major-General, at Punniar, 272
Guadeloupe, expeditions to, 98-102, 120
Guzerat, operations in, 69
Gwalior mutineers defeat Wyndham at Cawnpore, 326;
capture of, 332
Hafir, action at, 139
Haines, Commodore, at Aden, 235
Haldane, General G., at Guadeloupe, 100
Hale, General, in Persia, 237
Hamilton, General, in Persia, 237
Hamley, General Sir G., in Egypt, 131
Hampshire Regiment, its service in India, 219
Handscomb, Brigadier, murder of, 319
Harcourt, General, at Guadeloupe, 120;
in Mahratta War, 146
Hardinge, the Viscount, 275
Harris, General the Lord, at Seringapatam, 85
Hattrass, capture of the Fort of, 218
Havelock, General, in Persia, 237;
at Lucknow, 321;
death of, 323
Havilland, General, at Martinique, 103;
at Havana, 105
Helena, the Island of St., the Regiment of, 41, 349
Hervey, Brigadier, in the Punjab, 288
Hesse, Prince George of, at Gibraltar, 3
Highland Light Infantry, the, services in India, 216, 449
Hill, Colonel R., 125;
afterwards General, in Peninsula, 157 _et seq._
Hindoostan, the battle honour, 214
Hislop, General Sir T., in second Mahratta War, 202
Hoggan, Brigadier, in the Punjab, 288
Hoghton, Brigadier, at Martinique, 118
Holkar, the Maharajpore, war with, 151;
the army, 201
Honnor, General, in Persia, 237
Hood, Commodore, at Surinam, 116
Hope, Brigadier Adrian, 326
Hopson, Brigadier General Sir Peregrine, 100
Hoti Mardan, 398
Hudson, Brigadier Sir J., at Suakim, 137
Hunter, General Sir. A., in Egypt, 142
Hunt-Walsh, Brigadier, 103, 105
Hutchinson, General, in Egypt, (1802), 126
Hyderabad, battle at, 268
Hyder Ali, ruler of Mysore, 67
Hyslop, General, at Guadeloupe, 120
Innes, Colonel P. R., the historian, 69
India, the battle honour, 218
India, the Mutiny in, 311, 335
Inkerman, the Battle of, 302
Invicta (_see_ 12th Pioneers), 261
Isandhlwana, Battle of, 357
Jacob, Brigadier, in Persia, 237
Java, the expedition to, 228
Jelalabad, the defence of, 260
Jemlanabad, the capture of, 219
Jersey, French invasion of, 360
Jersey Militia, 361
Jervis, Admiral Sir J., 111, 113
Jhansi, the capture of, 330
Joassma tribe, the operations against, 230
Joseph, King of Spain, at Talavera, 167
Junot, Marshal, in Portugal, 156
Kabul, capture of, and operations around, 386 _et seq._
Kaffirs, the, wars with, 351 _et seq._
Kahun, the defence of, 257
Kalunga, attack on, 214
Kamounah, capture of, 214
Kandahar, Battle of, 392
Kane, Colonel, at Gibraltar, 5
Kassassin, action at, 130
Keane, General the Lord, in Afghanistan, 253
Keatinge, Colonel, at Bourbon, 226
Keir, General Sir Grant, 202, 231
Keith's Highlanders at Warburg, 30;
at Wilhelmstahl, 33
Kekewich, Colonel, at Kimberley, 412
Kelly, Colonel H. Harvey, at Chitral, 395
Kemmendine, defence of, 242
Keneh, on the Nile, 127
Kent, H.R.H. the Duke of, 111-113 _et seq._
Keyes, Lieutenant R., in China, 345
Keyes, Major, at Umbeyla, 449
Khalifa, the, 140
Khelat, the capture of, 255
Khelat-i-Ghilzai, the defence of, 261
Khyber Pass, the, 260, 379
Kimberley, 412
Kingsley, Brigadier, at Minden, 27
Kinloch, Brigadier A. A., in Chitral, 395
Kirke, Colonel, at Tangier, 1
Kirkee, Battle of, 203
Kitchener, General Sir Herbert, in Egypt, 139;
in South Africa, 419
Knox at Badara, 58
Koosh-ab, action, at, 239
Kosseir, British troops disembark at, 127
Kuram Valley, the, 379, 382, 385
Kutra, Battle of, 66
Ladysmith, 425
Lake, General the Lord, at Lincelles, 90;
in India, 145 _et seq._
Lawrence, Brigadier, at Louisburg, 36
Lawrence, Sir Henry, at Lucknow, 318
Lawrence, St., the River, 39
Legion of Honour, the Order of, 305, 308
Leith, General, in the Peninsular War, 163
Leith, Major-General, at Guadeloupe, 121
Liège, capture of, 15, 437
Lille, capture of, 20, 437
Little, Brigadier Sir A., 325
Littler, General Sir J., at Maharajpore, 271;
in the Sutlej campaign, 273, 277, 283
Lockhart, General Sir William, 405
Lockhart, Lieutenant, at Malakand, 399
Losses, Regimental (_see_ Casualties)
Louisburg, capture of, 36
Low, General Sir R., in Chitral, 395
Lucan, General the Earl of, in the Crimea, 295
Luckner, General, at Wilhelmstahl, 32
Lucknow, Defence, Relief, and Capture of, 320 _et seq._
Lynedoch, Lord (Colonel Graham), 125
Lyttelton, General the Hon. N., 142, 415
Macan, Brigadier, at Ally-Ghur, 145
MacBean, Captain, R.A., at Minden, 26;
at Warburg, 29
McCaskill, Brigadier, in Afghanistan (1842), 264;
killed, 286
McCombe, Brigadier, at Bhurtpore, 212
McCreagh, Brigadier, in Burmah, 241
Macdonald, Brigadier, at Ally-Ghur, 145
Macdonald, Brigadier Hector, in Egypt (1897-98), 143
Macdonald, Sir Claude, in Pekin, 345
MacKay, Lieutenant, R.N., at Mangalore, 73
McLean, Brigadier, at Guadeloupe, 120
McLeod at Paniani, 72;
at Mangalore, 76
MacNair, Colonel, at Martinique, 118
MacNeill, Major, afterwards General, Sir John, in Egypt, 137;
in New Zealand, 369
Maestricht, the capture of, 15
Maharajpore, the Battle of, 270
Mahdi, 134 _et seq._
Maheidpore, the Battle of, 207
Mahrattas, wars with the, 144, 200
Maitland, Major-General, at Martinique, 118
Maitland, Sir P., at the Cape, 353
Maiwand, reverse at, 390
Malwa Field Force, the, 331
Malcolm, Sir John, in Second Mahratta War, 202
Malakand, the defence of, 398
Mandora, Battle of, 125
Mangalore, the defence of, 73
Manners, Major-General, in Flanders, 95
Manningham, Major-General, at Corunna, 163
Mansell, General, killed at Beaumont, 92
Maoris, the, wars with, 368
Marabout, capture of Fort, 127
Maria Theresa, the Order of, 91
Markham, Brigadier, in the Punjab, 288
Marlborough, the Duke of, 15 _et seq._
Martaban, capture of, 244
Matthews, General, at Bednore, 73
Maxwell, Major, at Warburg, 30;
at Wilhelmstahl, 33
Maya, action of, 183
Meadows, General, in Mysore, 78;
at St. Lucia (1778), 109
Mediterranean (_see_ Battle Honours), 11
Medjidieh, the Order of, 305, 308
Meeanee, the Battle of, 266
Meiklejohn, Brigadier, at Malakand, 398
Menin, capture of, 19, 437
Methuen, General the Lord, 415 _et seq._
Milford, the Earl of, 363
Minhla, capture of Fort, 250
Minto, Lord, in Java, 228
Modder River, Battle of, 417
Mohmunds, expeditions against, 401
Monckton, General, at Quebec, 39;
at Martinique, 103
Moncrieff, Colonel, 125
Monson, Colonel, the Hon. G., 145
Montcalm, Marquis of, at Quebec, 39
Montressor, Colonel, at Seedaseer, 83
Moodkee, Battle of, 276
Mooltan, capture of, 291
Moore, General Sir John, 95, 114, 123, 161-164
Morrison, Brigadier, in Arracan, 241
Mostyn, General, at Warburg, 30
Munro, Sir Hector, 60, 62, 64, 68
Murray, Brigadier, at Quebec, 39;
at Bhurtpore, 212
Murris, the tribes of, 258
Muy, General de (_see_ De Muy), 29
Myers, Brigadier, at Martinique, 111
Nagpore, the army of, 201;
the Battle of, 206
Napier, General Sir Charles, in Scinde, 266
Napier, Major, afterwards Lord Napier of Magdala, 287, 332, 342, 370
Neill, Colonel, at Lucknow, 321
New Zealand, operations in, 367
Nicholson, Brigadier John, at Delhi, 314
Nightingale, General, in Peninsula, 158
Nightingale, Miss Florence, 297
Ninetieth Light Infantry at Buxar, 64
Nive, the Battle of, 186
Nivelle, the Battle of, 185
Nixon, Captain, at capture of Banda, 224
Nizam, the, his armies, 201
Norman, Brigadier F. B., in Burmah, 250
Nott, General Sir William, 253 _et seq._
Nowah, the attack on fort at, 209
Nundy Droog, assault of, 79
Ochterlony, Colonel, General Sir David, 152
Oman, Professor, his work referred to, 161
Omar Pasha in the Crimea, 296
Onore, defence of, 73
Opium War, the, 336
Orange, the Duke of, at Malplaquet, 22
Orthes, Battle of, 187
Osman Digna, 136
Osmanieh, the Order of, 133
Outram, Major James, in Scinde, 267;
afterwards General, 236, 318
Paardeburg, the Battle of, 423
Paget, General Lord, 162
Paget, General Sir Edward, in the Peninsular War, 163
Pagham, Burmese defeated at, 245
Palamcottah, action at, 155
Palamcottah, Light Infantry, the, (_see_ 63rd P.L.I.)
Pampeluna, capture of, 183, 186
Paniani, the action of, 72
Paton, Brigadier, at Bhurtpore, 212
Patterson, Colonel, at Bladensburg, 46
Peel, Captain Sir William, R.N., 323, 326
Peishwa, the armies of, 201
Peiwar Kotal, action at, 382
Pekin, occupation of (1860), 343;
in 1900, 346
Pembrokeshire Yeomanry, 368
Peninsular War, the, 156 _et seq._;
casualties in, 191;
honours for, 197
Penny, Brigadier, in the Punjab, 288
Pennycuick, Brigadier, in the Punjab, 288
Perim, the Island of, occupation of, 235
Perron, Monsieur, in India, 148
Persian Gulf, operations in, 230
Persian War, the, 236
Phillips, Captain, R.A., at Minden, 27;
at Warburg, 29
Pierson, Lieutenant, 69th Regiment, 363
Pierson, Major, 95th Regiment at Jersey, 361
Pindarris, army of, 201
Plassy, Battle of, 52
Pocock, Admiral Sir George, at Havana, 105
Pohlman, General, in India, 149
Pollock, General Sir George, 263
Poonah, action at, 204
Pope, Brigadier, in the Punjab, 288
Popham, General, at Seringapatam, 85
Popham, Sir Home, at Monte Video, 41
Portmore, Lord, at Gibraltar, 5
Porto Novo, Battle of, 69
Portugal, flight of the King of, 156
Prendergast, General Sir H., V.C., in Burmah, 250
Prescott, General, at St. Lucia, 109
Prevost, General, at Martinique, 118
Prize money, 80, 108, 214, 222, 224, 233
Probyn, Lieutenant, V.C., in India, 325;
in China, 342
Prussia, subsidies to, 194
Prussian army, 192
Punjab, campaign in the, 286
Punjab, Frontier, battle honour, 396
Punjab regiments, 449
Punniar, Battle of, 270
Pyrenees, Battle of, 182
Quatre-Bras, Battle of, 193
Raglan, Field-Marshal the Lord, 295
Rainier, Admiral Sir Peter, at Amboyna, 221
Ramesay, General de, at Quebec, 40
Ramnuggur, action at, 289
Ramsay, Major Norman, at Fuentes d'Onor, 171
Rangoon, capture of, 241
Ras-el-Khima, expedition to, 225, 231
Rattray, Lieutenant, at Chakdara, 401
Rattray's Sikhs at Arrah, 332
Redan, the, storming of, 304