BATTLE HONOURS FOR THE CRIMEAN WAR, 1854-55
Alma--Balaclava--Inkerman--Sevastopol.
The perennial quarrel between Russia and Turkey entered on a new
phase in the year 1854, when England and France, espousing the
Ottoman cause, despatched their fleets into the Baltic and a
combined naval and military expedition to the Crimea. The command
of the British army was entrusted to General Lord Raglan--a veteran
officer, who had served on the Duke of Wellington's Staff in the
Peninsula and at Waterloo, where he lost an arm, and who for many
years had held the important post of Military Secretary at the
Horse Guards. He had never exercised the command of an independent
body of troops, and his experience of war was not of recent date.
The whole campaign was grievously mismanaged, but the chief blame
rested with the authorities at the War Office, who neglected to
provide the army with the thousand and one requisites for troops
waging war in such a climate as a Crimean winter. It was retrieved
by the bravery of our troops and their cheerful endurance of
sufferings--sufferings that might have been avoided by the exercise
of common forethought.
The army that landed in the Crimea on September 14, 1854, numbered
some 27,000 men, with fifty-four guns, and was distributed as under:
_Commander-in-Chief: Field-Marshal Lord Raglan._
Cavalry Division: General the Earl of Lucan.
Heavy Brigade--Brigadier-General J. Yorke Scarlett: The 4th
and 5th Dragoon Guards, the Scots Greys, and the Inniskilling
Dragoons.
Light Cavalry Brigade--Major-General the Earl of Cardigan: 4th,
8th, 11th, and 13th Hussars, and the 17th Lancers.
First Division: H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge.
Brigade of Guards: A battalion of the Grenadier, Coldstream, and
Scots Guards.
Highland Brigade--Major-General Sir Colin Campbell: The 42nd
(Royal), 79th (Cameron), and 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders).
Second Division: Lieutenant-General Sir de Lacy Evans.
Third Brigade--Brigadier-General Adams: 41st (Welsh), 47th (North
Lancashire), and 49th (Royal Berkshires).
Fourth Brigade--Brigadier-General Pennefather: The 30th (East
Lancashire), 55th (Border Regiment), and the 95th (Derbyshire).
Third Division: Lieutenant-General Sir Richard England.
Fifth Brigade--Brigadier-General Sir John Campbell: 4th (King's
Own), 38th (South Staffords), and the 50th (Royal West Kent).
Sixth Brigade--Brigadier-General Eyre: The Royal Scots, 28th
(Gloucesters), and 44th (Essex).
Fourth Division: Major-General Sir George Cathcart.
Seventh Brigade--Brigadier-General Torrens: 20th (Lancashire
Fusiliers), 21st (Royal Scots Fusiliers), and the 68th (Durham
Light Infantry).
Eighth Brigade: 46th (Cornwall Light Infantry), and the 57th
Middlesex (arrived after the landing of the troops on September
14, not in time to take part in the Battle of the Alma).
Light Division: Lieutenant-General Sir George Brown.
First Brigade--Major-General W. Codrington: 7th (Royal
Fusiliers), 23rd (Royal Welsh Fusiliers), and the 33rd (West
Riding Regiment).
Second Brigade--Major-General G. Buller: The 19th (Yorkshires),
77th (Middlesex), and the 88th (Connaught Rangers).
In addition to the above, the 2nd Battalion of the Rifle Brigade
was also present, but in the earlier stages of the campaign it
acted as a divisional battalion.
Acting in co-operation with us was a strong French army, under
Marshal St. Arnaud, a division of which was commanded by one of
the Napoleon Princes, and a Turkish force of 8,000 men, under Omar
Pasha.
In the spring of 1855 a division of the Sardinian army also
arrived, and was sharply engaged with the Russians at the Battle of
the Tchernaya.
The army was reinforced from time to time by regiments from
home and from India, and when peace was declared in 1856 it
was composed of close on 50,000 well-equipped men, capable of
carrying on the Siege of Sevastopol to a satisfactory conclusion.
The casualties during the campaign, apart from those incurred at
the Battles of Alma, Balaclava, Inkerman, and the two assaults
on the Redan, were not heavy, the losses in some regiments being
remarkably small; but the losses from disease were regrettably
severe--the more regrettable as, with proper forethought, many
hundreds--nay, thousands--of valuable lives might have been saved.
The campaign is memorable as the first in which the whole of our
infantry were armed with a _percussion_ arm, and also the first in
which a body of lady nurses was organized for service in military
hospitals. The honoured name of Florence Nightingale must for ever
be associated with the war in the Crimea. It was also the first
in which officers and men were authorized to accept and to wear
foreign medals and decorations; and, lastly, it was to recognize
the bravery of subordinate officers and men in the campaign that
the decoration of the Victoria Cross was instituted.
ALMA, SEPTEMBER 20, 1854.
This battle honour is borne by the following regiments:
4th Hussars.
8th Hussars.
11th Hussars.
13th Hussars.
17th Lancers.
Grenadier Guards.
Coldstream Guards.
Scots Guards.
Royal Scots.
King's Own (Lancasters).
Royal Fusiliers.
Yorkshire.
Lancashire Fusiliers.
Royal Scots Fusiliers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
Gloucesters.
East Lancashires.
West Riding.
Border.
South Staffords.
Welsh.
Royal Highlanders.
Sherwood Foresters.
North Lancashire.
Royal Berkshire.
West Kent.
Middlesex.
Manchester.
Durham Light Infantry.
Cameron Highlanders.
Connaught Rangers.
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
Rifle Brigade.
At the Alma the Russians occupied a strong natural position,
following the crest of a range of hills dominating the valley of
the Alma River. Their front was covered by one or two redoubts, but
no serious effort had been made to strengthen it. Had this been
done, the disparity in numbers would have been compensated for. The
actual strength of the combatants and casualties are as follows:
+----------------+--------+-------+-----------+---------------+
| | | |_Officers._| _Men._ |
|_Troops Engaged_| _Men._ |_Guns._|-----+-----+-------+-------+
| | | | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+----------------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-------+-------+
|British | 27,000 | 54 | 26 | 73 | 327 | 1,557 |
|French | 23,000 | 72 | 3 | 54 | 253 | 1,033 |
|Turks | 6,500 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
|Russians | 37,500 | 96 | 45 | 100 | 1,762 | 2,720 |
+----------------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-------+-------+
A good-sized library might be filled with the literature on the
Crimean War. Most of the more valuable books, such as Hamley's,
Kinglake's, Clarke's, and Sir William Russell's "Letters to the
_Times_," are in every library, so that it is quite unnecessary to
deal in any detail with the events of this campaign. At the Alma
the French took the right, their right flank resting on the sea. We
advanced, covered by the Rifle Brigade, with the Cavalry Division
on our outer or left flank. The Second Division, on our right,
kept touch with the French, and had in support the Third Division,
under Sir Richard England. On our left the Light Division, under
Sir George Brown, led, supported by the division under the Duke of
Cambridge, who in this, his first engagement, showed the hereditary
courage of our Royal Family. In the course of the advance through
the vineyards at the foot of the hill, and before the final advance
took place, the troops suffered much from the artillery fire of
the Russians, and were thrown into some confusion. Few amongst the
senior officers had seen any service since the Peninsular War, and
the number of regimental officers who had heard the whistle of a
bullet was infinitesimal; yet the behaviour of all was excellent,
and after three and a half hours of hard fighting the Russians
were in full retreat, leaving a couple of guns in our hands.
Unfortunately, we were in no condition to follow up our advantage.
The Russians were able to retire unmolested into Sevastopol, and
we were compelled to embark on a siege of indefinite length, with
totally inadequate means.
It was necessary to secure a harbour as a base of operations,
and the allied armies carried out a flank march within striking
distance of the Russians. No advantage was taken of this movement,
and by the commencement of October our troops were in possession of
the little land-locked harbour of Balaclava, and the labours of the
long-drawn-out siege commenced.
CASUALTIES AT THE BATTLE OF THE ALMA.
+-------------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Regiments._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+-------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|11th Hussars | - | - | - | - |
|13th Hussars | - | - | - | - |
|17th Lancers | - | - | - | - |
|Royal Artillery | 3 | - | 9 | 21 |
|Grenadier Gds. | - | 3 | 11 | 116 |
|Coldstream Gds. | - | 2 | - | 27 |
|Scots Guards | - | 11 | 26 | 123 |
|Royal Scots | - | - | - | - |
|K.O. Lancaster | - | 2 | 3 | 8 |
|Royal Fusiliers | 1 | 11 | 42 | 168 |
|Yorkshire | 2 | 6 | 45 | 174 |
|Lancashire Fus. | - | - | - | 1 |
|R. Welsh Fus. | 8 | 5 | 45 | 152 |
|Gloucester | - | - | - | - |
|30th E. Lancs | 1 | 4 | 11 | 63 |
|33rd W. Riding | 1 | 6 | 55 | 177 |
|38th S. Stafford | - | - | - | - |
|41st Welsh | - | - | 4 | 23 |
|42nd R. High. | - | - | 7 | 32 |
|44th Essex | - | - | 1 | 7 |
|47th N. Lancs | - | 4 | 4 | 61 |
|49th R. Berks | - | - | 2 | 13 |
|50th West Kent | - | - | - | - |
|55th Border | 2 | 6 | 11 | 96 |
|63rd Manchester | - | - | - | - |
|68th Durham L.I. | - | - | - | - |
|77th Middlesex | - | - | 3 | 17 |
|79th Cameron Highlanders | - | - | 2 | 7 |
|88th Connaught Rangers | - | 1 | 5 | 16 |
|93rd Sutherland Highl. | 1 | - | 7 | 44 |
|95th Sherwood Foresters | 6 | 11 | 48 | 128 |
|Rifle Brigade | - | 1 | 11 | 39 |
+-------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
BALACLAVA, OCTOBER 25, 1854.
This battle honour is borne by the
4th Dragoon Guards.
5th Dragoon Guards.
Royal Dragoons.
Royal Scots Greys.
Inniskilling Dragoons.
4th Hussars.
8th Hussars.
11th Hussars.
13th Hussars.
17th Lancers.
Sutherland Highlanders.
The defence of the country surrounding Balaclava had been entrusted
to the Turks, who in a series of actions on the banks of the
Danube had shown that they could fight well behind stone walls.
Some redoubts had been thrown up on the neighbouring heights,
and these were armed with ships' guns, lent by us to the Turks.
In Balaclava itself was one battalion--the 93rd (Sutherland
Highlanders)--and the command of the place had been entrusted
to one of the few veterans of the army who had seen modern war.
Sir Colin Campbell had served under Wellington in the Peninsula,
and had earned mention in more than one despatch when still a
subaltern. For his conduct at Barrosa and at San Sebastian, at both
of which actions he was wounded, he was promoted to a company in
the 60th Rifles. In the China War he had commanded the 98th, and
was made an Aide-de-Camp to the Queen. In the Punjab Campaign he
had added to his reputation by his masterly handling of a brigade
in the hard-fought battles of Chillianwallah and Goojerat, and he
had earned still higher laurels when in command of the troops at
Peshawur in the early days of our occupation of the Punjab frontier.
On the early morning of October 25 the Russians, who had no very
great opinion of the Turkish troops, made a determined attack on
Balaclava. The valley leading down to the sea is cut in two by
a low range of hills, and down these two valleys they advanced.
The Turks, after one or two rounds, incontinently abandoned the
redoubts, and fled in haste to the refuge of the town. Sir Colin
moved up the 93rd Highlanders, and awaited the advance of the
Russian cavalry division. He had a firm faith in the new weapon
with which his troops were armed, and a still firmer belief in his
Highlanders. On swept the Russians, and, as they came within range,
a volley from the 93rd at 600 yards emptied many saddles, but did
not stop the advance; then, as the dense Russian columns neared
the "thin red streak, tipped with steel," a second volley, at 150
yards, rang out, and as the smoke cleared away the Russians were
seen moving to the rear. Now was the opportunity for our cavalry,
and the Heavies were not slow in taking advantage of it. Scarlett
moved forward his brigade in two lines, the Greys and Inniskillings
leading, with the 5th and 4th Dragoon Guards on the right and left
flanks respectively, and the Royal Dragoons in support, the total
strength being some 750 men. As Russell graphically wrote, while
the Russians fell back, Scarlett charged into them. "By sheer
steel and courage the Inniskillings and Scots were winning their
desperate way right through the enemy's squadrons, and already grey
horse and red coat had disappeared right at the rear of the mass,
when the Royals, 4th Dragoon Guards, and 5th Dragoon Guards rushed
at the remnants of the first line of the enemy, and went through
it like pasteboard. In less than five minutes after they met our
Dragoons the Russians were flying at full speed from a foe not half
their strength."
Lord Raglan had in the meantime moved down the First and Fourth
Divisions to reinforce Balaclava, and, recognizing the military
genius of the Brigade Commander, ordered the Duke of Cambridge
to take his instructions from Sir Colin Campbell. The services
of the infantry were not called into requisition, but, owing to
some inconceivable blunder, never yet properly explained, the
Light Brigade of cavalry, without any supports, were ordered to
attack the Russian troops in the westernmost valley. Here there
was a whole division of Russian cavalry, with a force of six
battalions of infantry supporting thirty-six guns, and at this
force the little cavalry brigade, just 636 strong, was let loose.
"C'est magnifique, mais ce n'est pas la guerre!" was the comment
of a French General who witnessed the spectacle. The Earl of
Cardigan was not wanting in personal courage, but he was totally
inexperienced in war. He led his men straight at the guns, and
escaped scathless himself, but he acted in defiance of all the
canons of the art of war. The charge of the Light Brigade has been
immortalized by Tennyson, but, alas! the men who participated in
it were rewarded with the same decoration as the infantry soldiers
who marched down from the camp to act as spectators of that gallant
charge. The clasp "Balaclava" means nothing; the name on the
colours is the battle honour.
CASUALTIES AT THE BATTLE OF BALACLAVA.
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Regiments._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|Staff | 2 | 4 | - | - |
|4th Drag. Gds. | - | - | 1 | 4 |
|5th Drag. Gds. | - | 2 | 2 | 11 |
|Roy. Dragoons | - | 4 | 2 | 7 |
|R. Scots Greys | - | 4 | 2 | 53 |
|Inniskilling Dragoons | - | - | 2 | 13 |
|4th Hussars | 2 | 2 | 32 | 22 |
|8th Hussars | 2 | 2 | 30 | 23 |
|11th Hussars | - | 3 | 32 | 23 |
|13th Hussars | 3 | - | 24 | 14 |
|17th Lancers | 3 | 4 | 33 | 34 |
|Sutherland Highlanders | - | - | - | - |
+-----------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
INKERMAN, NOVEMBER 5, 1854.
This battle honour is borne by the
4th Hussars.
8th Hussars.
11th Hussars.
13th Hussars.
17th Lancers.
Grenadier Guards.
Coldstream Guards.
Scots Guards.
Royal Scots.
King's Own.
Royal Fusiliers.
Yorkshire.
Lancashire Fusiliers.
Royal Scots Fusiliers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
Gloucesters.
East Lancashire.
West Riding.
Border.
South Staffords.
Welsh.
Essex.
Sherwood Foresters.
North Lancashire.
Royal Berkshires.
West Kent.
Middlesex.
Manchesters.
Durham Light Infantry.
Connaught Rangers.
Rifle Brigade.
This was indeed a soldiers' battle. In the early dawn of November 5
a large Russian force, taking advantage of a dense fog, issued from
Sevastopol and surprised our troops in the trenches. Reinforcements
were hurried up from the camp, and the men--the few men on duty
in the trenches and in the advanced siege-works--behaved with
unexampled heroism. As each fresh regiment came up it was hurried
into action, without any regard to brigades or divisions, and,
indeed, in many cases men were found fighting in groups under
officers of different regiments. The Allies were not merely
surprised: they were outnumbered, as the following table shows:
+----------+--------+-------+-----------+---------------+
| | | |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Troops | _Men._ |_Guns._+-----+-----+-------+-------+
| Engaged_ | | | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+----------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-------+-------+
| British | 8,500 | 38 | 44 | 102 | 616 | 1,878 |
| French | 7,500 | 18 | 14 | 34 | 118 | 1,299 |
| Russians | 42,000 | 106 | 2 | 47 | 4,976 |10,162 |
+----------+--------+-------+-----+-----+-------+-------+
After an heroic struggle, in which the Russians displayed the
greatest gallantry, they were driven back, with terrible slaughter,
the fire of those of our regiments which were armed with the Minié
rifle doing fearful execution in the dense columns of the enemy. It
will hardly be believed that many regiments were still armed with
the Brown Bess with which we fought in the Peninsula, although the
Minié rifle had in the Kaffir War three years before proved itself
a most formidable weapon.
The losses of the army during the winter of 1854-55 were appalling,
but the men bore them without a murmur. With the spring active
operations were renewed, and on June 18, the anniversary of
Waterloo, an attempt was made to carry the fortress by storm. In
this disastrous attack our losses were 22 officers and 247 men
killed, 78 officers and 1,207 men wounded. Ten days later the
Commander-in-Chief, Lord Raglan, died, and the command was given
to his Chief of the Staff, another Peninsular veteran, Sir James
Simpson, an officer who did not enjoy the confidence of the army,
and who practically owned that he felt himself unfitted to exercise
its command.
On September 8 a second attack was made on the Redan, the outwork
which had defied our attempt on June 18. Again we were driven back,
after our men had made good their footing in the place. This defeat
was entirely due to the neglect to support the stormers, who had
shown the habitual gallantry of the British soldier.
CASUALTIES AT THE BATTLE OF INKERMAN.
+------------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Regiments._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|Staff | 5 | 12 | - | - |
|8th Hussars | - | - | - | - |
|11th Hussars | - | - | - | - |
|13th Hussars | - | - | - | - |
|17th Lancers | 1 | - | - | 1 |
|Royal Artillery | 2 | 4 | 13 | 76 |
|Grenadier Gds. | 3 | 6 | 101 | 124 |
|Coldstream Gds. | 8 | 5 | 65 | 116 |
|Scots Guards | 1 | 8 | 49 | 119 |
|1st Royal Scots | - | - | 1 | - |
|4th K.O. Lancs | - | - | - | - |
|7th Royal Fus. | - | 5 | 13 | 49 |
|19th Yorkshire | 1 | - | 1 | 3 |
|20th Lancs Fus. | 1 | 8 | 40 | 122 |
|21st R. Scots F. | 1 | 6 | 24 | 90 |
|25th R. Welsh F. | 1 | 1 | 18 | 20 |
|28th Gloucester | - | - | - | - |
|30th E. Lancs | 2 | 5 | 29 | 101 |
|33rd W. Riding | 1 | 2 | 6 | 55 |
|38th S. Stafford | - | - | - | - |
|41st Welsh | 5 | 6 | 55 | 101 |
|44th Essex | - | - | - | - |
|47th N. Lancs | - | 2 | 19 | 45 |
|49th R. Berks | - | - | - | - |
|50th West Kent | 1 | 1 | 8 | 21 |
|55th Border | - | 5 | 18 | 58 |
|57th Middlesex | 2 | 3 | 13 | 75 |
|63rd M'chester | 3 | 7 | 12 | 93 |
|68th Durham L.I. | 2 | 2 | 16 | 33 |
|77th Middlesex | 1 | - | 20 | 37 |
|88th Connaught Rangers | - | 2 | 22 | 80 |
|95th Sherwood Foresters | - | 4 | 27 | 104 |
|Rifle Brigade | 2 | 4 | 35 | 109 |
+------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
On the following day the Redan was found to be evacuated, and our
men entered unopposed. This was the last general action of the war.
The Russians now abandoned the city, and retired to the far side
of the harbour, and, though actual fighting was at an end, the
winter was passed as if on active service. In the spring overtures
of peace were made, and in the summer of 1856 the army returned to
England, Sevastopol being restored to the Russians.
In writing of battle honours, I must not omit to mention that our
allies, the French, Turks, and Sardinians, bestowed a certain
number of decorations on our officers and men. The French
distributed crosses of the Legion of Honour, which were, as a rule,
given to officers. In some exceptional cases a cross was given to a
non-commissioned officer, and in some very few cases to privates.
The French war medal was bestowed on a certain number of men in
each battalion, and one was given to H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge.
The Turks showered the Order of the Medjidieh with no niggardly
hand, and the Sardinians gave a few crosses of the Order of St.
Maurice and St. Lazarus to senior officers, and a few medals to
each regiment. The distribution of these foreign decorations gave
rise to considerable dissatisfaction. There were certain regiments
which had fought throughout the campaign; there were others which
had landed at the very close of the operations, and had not lost
a man in action. All shared equally, like the labourers in the
vineyard.
There were few officers on the Staff or in the Brigade of Guards
who did not receive four decorations for this campaign, and, in
truth, the Guards deserved all they received. They not only took
their fair share of trench duty, but at the Alma and at Inkerman
they suffered most severely. A party of Guardsmen who happened to
be on fatigue duty at Balaclava the morning of the battle were
collected by a young officer, and fell in on the left of the 93rd.
That young officer afterwards acted as Brigade-Major to the heroic
Nicholson at the Siege of Delhi, and as I write is, I believe, the
only living officer who saw Sevastopol and Delhi fall. I allude to
Lieutenant-General Sir Seymour Blane, who served as a subaltern
of the Scots Guards in the Crimea. Afterwards exchanging into the
52nd, he marched down with Nicholson to Delhi, and was by his side
when the hero of the siege was shot down inside the Cashmere Gate.
SEVASTOPOL.
This distinction was awarded to all regiments which landed in the
Crimea prior to September 8, 1855, the date of the last storming of
the Redan:
King's Dragoon Guards.
4th Dragoon Guards.
5th Dragoon Guards.
Carabiniers.
Royal Dragoons.
Royal Scots Greys.
4th Hussars.
Inniskilling Dragoons.
8th Hussars.
10th Hussars.
11th Hussars.
12th Lancers.
13th Hussars.
17th Lancers.
Grenadier Guards.
Coldstream Guards.
Scots Guards.
Royal Scots.
Buffs.
King's Own (Lancaster).
Royal Fusiliers.
Norfolks.
Somerset Light Infantry.
West Yorkshire.
Leicester.
Royal Irish.
Yorkshire.
Lancashire Fusiliers.
Royal Scots Fusiliers.
Royal Welsh Fusiliers.
Scottish Rifles.
Gloucesters.
East Lancashire.
East Surrey.
Cornwall Light Infantry.
West Riding.
Border.
South Staffords.
Dorsets.
South Lancashire.
Welsh.
Royal Highlanders.
Essex.
Sherwood Foresters.
North Lancashire.
Northamptons.
Royal Berkshires.
West Kent.
Middlesex.
Wiltshire.
Manchester.
Durham Light Infantry.
Highland Light Infantry.
Seaforth Highlanders.
Cameron Highlanders.
Royal Irish Fusiliers.
Connaught Rangers.
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
Rifle Brigade.
In addition to the following casualties in action, between the
landing of the army in the Crimea on September 14, 1854, and the
storming of the Redan on September 8, 1855, 11,375 non-commissioned
officers and men were invalided and 16,037 died of disease!
CASUALTIES DURING THE CAMPAIGN IN THE CRIMEA (INCLUDING THE BATTLES
OF ALMA, BALACLAVA, AND INKERMAN).
+----------------------------+-----------+-----------+
| |_Officers._| _Men._ |
| _Regiments._ +-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | K. | W. | K. | W. |
+----------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|K. Drag. Gds. | - | - | - | - |
|4th Drag. Gds. | - | - | 2 | 12 |
|5th Drag. Gds. | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
|Carabiniers | - | - | - | - |
|Roy. Dragoons | - | 4 | 3 | 7 |
|Scots Greys | - | 4 | 8 | 57 |
|4th Hussars | 2 | 2 | 19 | 24 |
|Inniskillings | - | - | 3 | 14 |
|8th Hussars | 2 | 3 | 26 | 23 |
|10th Hussars | - | - | - | 4 |
|11th Hussars | 1 | 2 | 29 | 29 |
|12th Lancers | - | - | - | - |
|13th Hussars | 3 | - | 14 | 31 |
|17th Lancers | 4 | 5 | 39 | 34 |
|Royal Artillery | 12 | 30 | 173 | 632 |
|Roy. Engineers | 15 | 13 | 55 | 86 |
|Grenadier Gds. | 6 | 12 | 144 | 410 |
|Coldstream Guards | 10 | 6 | 128 | 197 |
|Scots Guards | 4 | 23 | 109 | 336 |
|Royal Scots | 3 | 10 | 58 | 225 |
|Buffs | 3 | 13 | 78 | 259 |
|King's Own | 2 | 5 | 38 | 142 |
|Royal Fusiliers | 8 | 23 | 174 | 381 |
|Norfolks | 1 | 2 | 20 | 83 |
|Somerset L.I. | - | - | - | 11 |
|14th W. Yorks | - | - | 16 | 46 |
|Leicesters | 1 | 5 | 34 | 134 |
|Royal Irish | 3 | 10 | 87 | 267 |
|Yorkshire | 4 | 20 | 138 | 502 |
|20th Lancs F. | 3 | 10 | 83 | 81 |
|R. Welsh Fus. | 16 | 15 | 193 | 495 |
|28th Gloucesters | - | 9 | 42 | 89 |
|30th E. Lancs | 10 | 19 | 144 | 364 |
|31st E. Surrey | 2 | 1 | 25 | 84 |
|33rd W. Riding | 8 | 21 | 116 | 293 |
|34th Border | 7 | 18 | 118 | 375 |
|38th S. Staffs. | 3 | 7 | 43 | 210 |
|39th Dorsets | 1 | 1 | 9 | 46 |
|41st Welsh | 9 | 13 | 145 | 426 |
|42nd R. Highlanders | 1 | 2 | 39 | 119 |
|44th Essex | 4 | 8 | 64 | 156 |
|46th Cornwall L.I. | 1 | 2 | 32 | 71 |
|47th N. Lancs | 2 | 9 | 120 | 216 |
|48th N'ampton | - | 2 | 12 | 60 |
|49th Berkshire | 7 | 10 | 204 | 325 |
|50th West Kent | 2 | 4 | 56 | 67 |
|55th Border | 6 | 18 | 145 | 412 |
|56th Essex | - | 1 | 8 | 13 |
|57th Middlesex | 8 | 11 | 81 | 237 |
|62nd Wiltshire | 7 | 7 | 37 | 121 |
|63rd Manchester | 6 | 8 | 65 | 127 |
|68th Durham L.I. | 6 | 4 | 51 | 71 |
|71st Highland L.I. | - | - | - | 1 |
|72nd Seaforth Highlanders | 1 | - | 12 | 48 |
|77th Middlesex | 5 | 11 | 411 | 606 |
|79th Cameron Highlanders | - | 2 | 12 | 55 |
|82nd S. Lancs | - | - | - | - |
|88th Connaught Rangers | 7 | 16 | 159 | 400 |
|89th R. Irish F. | - | 1 | 13 | 73 |
|90th Scottish R. | 4 | 15 | 92 | 221 |
|93rd Sutherland Highlanders | 2 | 2 | 19 | 95 |
|95th Derbysh. | 7 | 21 | 184 | 360 |
|97th West Kent | 8 | 9 | 108 | 198 |
|Rifle Brigade (two batts.) | 9 | 20 | 245 | 781 |
+----------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
The Sultan of Turkey, in addition to the Order of the Medjidieh,
bestowed a silver medal on every officer and man present in the
Crimea, and Queen Victoria in like manner granted the Crimean
Medal to every French, Sardinian, and Turkish soldier or sailor
present in the campaign.
DECORATIONS BESTOWED BY OUR ALLIES DURING THE CRIMEAN WAR.
+---------------------------+-------+----------+---------+------+
| |Legion | | |French|
| _Regiments._ | of | |Sardinian| War |
| |Honour.|Medjidieh.| Medal. |Medal.|
+---------------------------+-------+----------+---------+------+
|General officers | 22 | 16 | 8 | 1 |
|Staff officers | 47 | 35 | 8 | - |
|Med. officers | 31 | 85 | - | - |
|1st Drag. Gds. | - | 3 | - | - |
|4th Drag. Gds. | 2 | 7 | 6 | 4 |
|5th Drag. Gds. | 3 | 6 | - | 4 |
|6th Drag. Gds. | - | 2 | 2 | - |
|Roy. Dragoons | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
|R. Scots Greys | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 |
|4th Hussars | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
|8th Hussars | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
|10th Hussars | - | 7 | 1 | 1 |
|11th Hussars | 2 | 7 | 2 | 5 |
|12th Lancers | - | 4 | 2 | 1 |
|13th Hussars | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
|17th Lancers | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
|Royal Artillery | 74 | 124 | 50 | 60 |
|Roy. Engineers | 26 | 22 | 15 | 7 |
|3rd Batt. Grenadier Guards | 6 | 31 | 7 | 9 |
|1st Batt. Coldstream Gds. | 6 | 32 | 7 | 9 |
|1st Batt. Scots Guards | 7 | 32 | 9 | 7 |
|Royal Scots (two batts.) | 7 | 25 | 7 | 7 |
|Buffs | 4 | 10 | 3 | 5 |
|4th King's Own | 4 | 13 | 6 | 9 |
|7th Roy. Fus. | 8 | 14 | 6 | 9 |
|9th Norfolk | 4 | 10 | 3 | 7 |
|13th Somer. L.I. | 2 | 10 | 5 | - |
|14th W. Yorks | 2 | 10 | 5 | 6 |
|17th Leicesters | 3 | 12 | 2 | 6 |
|18th Roy. Scots | 3 | 11 | 4 | 7 |
|19th Yorkshire | 7 | 11 | 6 | 9 |
|20th Lancs F. | 5 | 13 | 6 | 9 |
|21st R. Scots F. | 6 | 11 | 7 | 9 |
|23rd R. Welsh Fusiliers | 7 | 10 | 6 | 10 |
|28th Gloucester | 5 | 13 | 8 | 9 |
|30th E. Lancs | 6 | 17 | 6 | 9 |
|31st E. Surrey | 2 | 7 | 1 | 5 |
|33rd W. Riding | 6 | 14 | 7 | 9 |
|34th Border | 4 | 13 | 6 | 8 |
|38th S. Staffs | 5 | 12 | 6 | 9 |
|39th Dorsets | 4 | 10 | 3 | 6 |
|41st Welsh | 7 | 12 | 6 | 9 |
|42nd R. Highl. | 6 | 13 | 6 | 8 |
|44th Essex | 6 | 13 | 8 | 8 |
|46th Corn. L.I. | 5 | 16 | 6 | 7 |
|47th N. Lancs | 6 | 17 | 9 | 7 |
|48th N'amptons | 2 | 9 | 2 | 4 |
|49th R. Berks | 6 | 12 | 7 | 9 |
|50th R. W. Kent | 5 | 12 | 8 | 7 |
|55th Border | 3 | 13 | 6 | 9 |
|56th Essex | 1 | - | - | 4 |
|57th Middlesex | 6 | 13 | 6 | 8 |
|62nd Wiltshire | 5 | 13 | 6 | 8 |
|63rd Manchester | 2 | 8 | 4 | 8 |
|68th Durham L.I. | 7 | 11 | 6 | 9 |
|71st Highland L.I. | 2 | 10 | 4 | 6 |
|72nd Seaforth Highlanders | 2 | 8 | 1 | 4 |
|77th Middlesex | 5 | 12 | 6 | 7 |
|79th Cameron Highlanders | 5 | 12 | 7 | 8 |
|88th Connaught Rangers | 6 | 14 | 9 | 10 |
|89th R. Irish F. | 4 | 10 | 4 | 5 |
|90th Scottish R. | 5 | 11 | 5 | 8 |
|93rd Sutherland Highlanders| 4 | 14 | 6 | 9 |
|95th Derbyshire | 6 | 11 | 6 | 8 |
|97th West Kent | 5 | 11 | 5 | 8 |
|Rifle Brigade (two batts.) | 11 | 33 | 13 | 18 |
+---------------------------+-------+----------+---------+------+
THE VICTORIA CROSS.
This decoration dates from the Crimean War, and was instituted,
as is well known, as a reward open to all ranks for conspicuous
bravery in presence of the enemy. During the campaign the following
regiments were able to add to their other honours the Victoria
Cross:
Royal Scots Greys 2
4th Hussars 1
Inniskilling Dragoons 1
11th Hussars 1
13th Hussars 1
17th Lancers 3
Royal Artillery 9
Royal Engineers 7
Grenadier Guards 4
Coldstream Guards 3
Scots Guards 5
Royal Scots 1
The Buffs 2
4th (King's Own) 1
7th (Royal Fusiliers) 5
17th (Leicestershire) 1
18th (Royal Irish) 1
19th (Yorkshire) 2
23rd (Royal Welsh Fus.) 4
30th (East Lancashire) 1
34th (Border Regiment) 2
41st (Welsh) 2
44th (Essex) 1
47th (North Lancashire) 1
49th (Royal Berkshire) 3
55th (Border) 2
57th (Middlesex) 2
68th (Durham Light Infantry.) 1
77th (Middlesex) 2
90th (Scottish Rifles) 2
97th (West Kent) 2
1st Batt. Rifle Brigade 4
2nd Batt. Rifle Brigade 3
The following table is of interest, as showing the total losses
incurred by the army in the Crimea in the different arms:
Legend: _Of._ = _Officers._
+----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+
| | CAVALRY. | ARTILLERY. | ENGINEERS. | INFANTRY. |
| +-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+-------+------+--------+
| |_Of._| _Men._|_Of._| _Men._|_Of._| _Men._| _Of._| _Men._ |
+----------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+-------+------+--------+
|Killed in | | | | | | | | |
| action | 9 | 114 | 11 | 121 | 9 | 32 | 125 | 2,331 |
|Died of | | | | | | | | |
| wounds | 4 | 26 | 1 | 52 | 6 | 23 | 73 | 1,832 |
|Died of | | | | | | | | |
| disease | 23 | 1,007 | 10 | 1,298 | 5 | 175 | 105 | 13,414 |
| +-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+-------+------+--------+
| Total | 36 | 1,147 | 22 | 1,471 | 20 | 230 | 303 | 17,577 |
| +-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+-------+------+--------+
|Wounded | | | | | | | | |
| in action| 26 | 237 | 30 | 632 | 13 | 86 | 435 | 10,406 |
| | | | | | | | | |
+----------+-----+-------+-----+-------+-----+-------+------+--------+
From the above it will be seen that, whilst 2,769 officers and
men were killed in action or died of their wounds, the losses by
disease amounted to no less than 16,037! For every ten officers
killed in action, six died from disease, whereas in the proportion
of the men who fell the figures were reversed. For every ten who
fell in action or as a result of their wounds no less than sixty
died of disease.