the State University in that town. Since the year 1884 he has been
engaged in editorial and literary pursuits, being now editor of the
_Daily State Journal_. He has already made a reputation as a speaker
on literary and educational topics: and his poems, first appearing in
periodicals, have now been collected into a volume called "Ashes and
Incense," the first edition of which was exhausted in six months. It
"has put him among the foremost of the young American poets." Edmund
Clarence Stedman says of it: "There is real poetry in the book--a
voice worth owning and exercising. I am struck with the beauty and
feeling of the lyrics which I have read--such, for example, as the
stanzas on Lanier and 'The Comrade Hills.'"
WORKS.
Ashes and Incense.
SIDNEY LANIER.
(_From Ashes and Incense._[51])
O Spirit to a kingly holding born!
As beautiful as any southern morn
That wakes to woo the willing hills,
Thy life was hedged about by ills
As pitiless as any northern night;
Yet thou didst make it as thy "Sunrise" bright.
The seas were not too deep for thee; thine eye
Was comrade with the farthest star on high.
The marsh burst into bloom for thee,--
And still abloom shall ever be!
Its sluggish tide shall henceforth bear alway
A charm it did not hold until thy day.
And Life walks out upon the slipping sands
With more of flowers in her trembling hands
Since thou didst suffer and didst sing!
And so to thy dear grave I bring
One little rose, in poor exchange for all
The flowers that from thy rich hand did fall.
FOOTNOTE:
[51] By permission of the author, and publishers, J. B. Lippincott
Co., Phila.
MADISON CAWEIN.
~1865=----.~
MADISON CAWEIN, born at Louisville, Kentucky, of Huguenot descent, is
one of our younger poets who seems overflowing with life and fancy.
His writings show a wonderful insight into nature and power of
expressing her beauties and meanings. The amount of his poetical work
is astonishing, and another volume will soon appear, entitled
"Intimations of the Beautiful."
WORKS.
Days and Dreams.
Accolon of Gaul and other Poems.
Blooms of the Berry.
Lyrics and Idyls.
Triumph of Music.
Moods and Memories.
Poems of Nature and Love.
Red Leaves and Roses.
THE WHIPPOORWILL.
(_From Red Leaves and Roses._[52])
I.
Above long woodland ways that led
To dells the stealthy twilights tread
The west was hot geranium-red;
And still, and still,
Along old lanes, the locusts sow
With clustered curls the May-times know,
Out of the crimson afterglow,
We heard the homeward cattle low,
And then the far-off, far-off woe
Of "whippoorwill!" of "whippoorwill!"
II.
Beneath the idle beechen boughs
We heard the cow-bells of the cows
Come slowly jangling towards the house;
And still, and still,
Beyond the light that would not die
Out of the scarlet-haunted sky,
Beyond the evening-star's white eye
Of glittering chalcedony,
Drained out of dusk the plaintive cry
Of "whippoorwill!" of "whippoorwill!"
III.
What is there in the moon, that swims
A naked bosom o'er the limbs,
That all the wood with magic dims?
While still, while still,
Among the trees whose shadows grope
'Mid ferns and flow'rs the dew-drops ope,--
Lost in faint deeps of heliotrope
Above the clover-scented slope,--
Retreats, despairing past all hope,
The whippoorwill, the whippoorwill.
FOOTNOTE:
[52] By permission of the author, and publishers, G. P. Putnam's Sons,
N. Y.
DIXIE.
I.
I wish I wuz in de land ob cotton,
Ole times dar am not forgotten;
Look away! look away! look away!
Dixie land.
In Dixie land whar I wuz born in,
Early on one frosty mornin';
Look away! look away! look away!
Dixie land.
CHORUS.
Den I wish I were in Dixie, hooray! hooray!
In Dixie land
I'll took my stand
To lib and die in Dixie,
Away, away, away down south in Dixie,
Away, away, away down south in Dixie.
II.
Dar's buckwheat cakes and Ingen batter,
Makes you fat or a little fatter;
Den hoe it down and scratch your grabble,
To Dixie land I'm bound to trabble.
LIST OF AUTHORS.
The following is a list of other authors and works that would have
been included in the body of the book if space had allowed. It is with
great regret that only this mention of them can be made. See "List of
Southern Writers" for fuller notice.
Allan, William: Army of Northern Virginia.
Asbury, Francis: Journals.
Blair, James: State of His Majesty's Colony in Virginia.
Bledsoe, Albert Taylor: A Theodicy, Is Davis a Traitor?
Brock, R. A.: Southern Historical Society Papers.
Burnett, Mrs. Frances Hodgson: That Lass o' Lowrie's.
Cable, George Washington: Bonaventure (Acadian sketches in
Louisiana).
Caruthers, William A.: Knights of the Golden Horseshoe (tale of
Bacon's Rebellion).
Dabney, Virginius: Don Miff.
Davis, Mrs. Varina Jefferson: Jefferson Davis.
Dinwiddie Papers.
Elliott, Sarah Barnwell: John Paget.
Goulding, Francis Robert: Young Marooners.
Hearn, Lafcadio: Youma.
Hooper, Johnson Jones: Captain Suggs' Adventures.
Ingraham, Joseph Holt: Prince of the House of David.
Jones, John Beauchamp: Rebel War Clerk's Diary, Wild Western Scenes.
Kouns, Nathan Chapman: Arius the Libyan.
Le Conte, Joseph: Geology, Science and the Bible.
Loughborough, Mrs. Mary Webster: My Cave Life in Vicksburg (in
prison during the war).
McCabe, James Dabney, Jr.: Gray-Jackets.
McGuire, Mrs. Judith Walker: Diary of a Southern Refugee; (said
to be a most faithful and pathetic picture of the terrible times
in 1861-5. It was a private journal kept during the war, and Mrs.
McGuire was afterwards induced to publish it).
Mason, Emily Virginia: Popular Life of R. E. Lee.
Maury, Dabney Herndon: Recollections of a Virginian.
Meade, William: Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia.
Parker, William Harwar: Recollections of a Naval Officer.
Piatt, Mrs. Sarah Morgan Bryan: Poems.
Randolph, Innis: Good Old Rebel, Back-Log.
Randolph, Sarah Nicholas: Domestic Life of Jefferson.
Semmes, Raphael: Service Afloat, Cruise of the Alabama.
Semple, Robert Baylor: History of Virginia Baptists.
Sims, James Marion: Story of My Life.
Smedes, Mrs. Susan Dabney: A Southern Planter; (a biography of
Mrs. Smedes' father. Of this work, Hon. W. E. Gladstone says in a
letter to the author: "I am very desirous that the Old World
should have the benefit of this work. I ask your permission to
publish it in England. . . . Allow me to thank you, dear Madam,
for the good the book must do.").
Smith, Francis Hopkinson: Colonel Carter of Cartersville.
Spotswood, Alexander: Letters, 1710-22.
Stith, William: History of Virginia (before 1755).
Strother, David Hunter: Virginia Illustrated.
Taylor, Richard: Destruction and Reconstruction.
Wiley, Edwin Fuller: Angel in the Cloud.
[Illustration: ~Mississippi Industrial Institute and College for
Girls, Columbus, Miss.~]
QUESTIONS.
These questions are not recommended as essential, but merely as
suggestive and perhaps useful to teachers who prefer the Socratic
method. They might also serve to call the attention of students to
some point which they would otherwise overlook.
The general questions and those in ordinary type may be answered from
the text itself; the answers to those in italics are to be found in
other parts of the book, in a history of the United States, or in a
cyclopedia. The questions in italics may of course, like all the rest,
be omitted at the discretion of the teacher. The research required to
answer such questions, however, will be of great value to the
students, if they have the time for it. See also the suggestions given
in the Preface.
GENERAL QUESTIONS.
These questions apply to all the authors, and hence will not be
repeated under each name.
1. Give the date of birth, and the date of death of those not living.
2. Where was the author born? 3. Where did he pass his life? 4. What
was his education? 5. What was his profession and what positions, if
any, did he fill? 6. Describe his character. 7. His style of writing.
8. Give the names of his Works. 9. Title and contents of the extracts
given. 10. Learn the short extracts and poems by heart. _11. Find on
the map all the places mentioned._ (_This is of prime importance, and
I beg that this question may never be omitted_).
FIRST PERIOD, 1579-1750.
JOHN SMITH.--1. Why did Captain Smith fight against the Turks? 2. When
did he come to America? 3. How did he spend his time after 1609? _4.
What other settlement was in America at this time besides Jamestown?_
_5. By whom and when made?_
WILLIAM STRACHEY.--1. What is the special fame of this description of
a storm? 2. Give some features of it. _3. Who was ruler of England at
this time?_
JOHN LAWSON.--1. Why did he come to Carolina, and when? 2. Tell of
his sad death. 3. What is the story of "Sir Walter Raleigh's Ship"?
(_See the poem, "The Palatine Ship," by William Gilmore Simms_) _4.
Was there any settlement in South Carolina at this time?_ _5. If so
when and by whom made?_
WILLIAM BYRD.--1. What distinction has Byrd among the writers of
Virginia? 2. For what was his daughter Evelyn noted? 3. Who was
governor of North Carolina in 1713-1720? _4. Is the Dismal Swamp so
hard to cross now?_ _5. How old was George Washington when William
Byrd died?_ _6. What town is named for Governor Eden?_
SECOND PERIOD, 1750-1800.
HENRY LAURENS.--1. Why did he go to Europe in 1771? in 1779? 2. What
title was given his son John? 3. For whom was he exchanged? 4. How was
he buried? _5. What was happening in America during his imprisonment,
1779-1781?_
GEORGE WASHINGTON.--1. What did his mother say of him? 2. What is his
national title? 3. What monuments have been reared to him? 4. What
salary had he as Commander in Chief? 5. When was the Farewell Address
written? _6. Where and when did his inauguration as President take
place?_ _7. When was Washington City laid off as the Capital of the
United States?_ _8. Name the thirteen original States._
PATRICK HENRY.--1. What did Jefferson say of him? 2. What part did he
take in the Revolutionary War? 3. When did he say "If this be
treason--"? 4. When and where was his greatest speech made? _5. What
other great man died the same year that he did?_ _6. What difference
in their ages?_
WILLIAM HENRY DRAYTON.--1. Who went with him to be educated? 2. What
bold public statement did he make in April, 1776? _3. What battles of
the Revolution occurred in South Carolina during Drayton's life?_
THOMAS JEFFERSON.--1. What is Jefferson's title? 2. Of what political
party is he considered the founder? 3. What other ex-president died
the same day? 4. What inscription is on his tomb? 5. What does he say
of the relative positions of the upper and lower classes? _6. Who were
presidents before Jefferson?_ _7. Who, after him, up to the time of
his death?_ _8. What famous Frenchman visited Jefferson in 1825?_ _9.
Quote some of the Declaration of Independence._
DAVID RAMSAY.--1. Who was his second wife? 2. Of what profession were
their daughters? _3. Where is Fort Moultrie and for whom named?_ _4.
Where is there a statue to Sergeant Jasper?_
JAMES MADISON.--1. What is Professor Fiske's estimate of him? 2. Tell
of his marriage and of Mrs. Madison. _3. How long and when was Madison
President?_ _4. What war took place during that time?_ _5. What
disaster occurred in Washington in 1814?_ _6. What patriotic song was
written the same year?_
ST. GEORGE TUCKER.--1. When did he come to America and whom did he
marry? _2. Where is William and Mary College and when was it founded?_
_3. What famous men were teachers and students there?_
JOHN MARSHALL.--1. How long was he Chief Justice? 2. Repeat Charles
Cotesworth Pinckney's famous remark. 3. Over what great trial did
Marshall preside? 4. When was it? 5. Where are fine statues of him?
_6. Who was Pinckney?_
HENRY LEE.--1. What title had he in the Revolution? 2. Who was his
mother? 3. What well known words were first used by him? 4. Who was
his most famous son? _5. Was Mrs. Motte's house burned down?_
MASON LOCKE WEEMS.--1. Of what church was he rector?
JOHN DRAYTON.--1. Whose son was he? 2. When did the battle of Noewee
occur? _3. Who were Lord North and Lord Grenville?_ _4. What relation
was Lieutenant Hampton to General Wade Hampton, of South Carolina?_
WILLIAM WIRT.--1. What two famous speeches by Wirt are here mentioned?
2. Who was the "Blind Preacher"? 3. What did Wirt say of life, in
1829? _4. Learn something more about the "Blind Preacher."_ (_See
People's Cyclopedia, Hart's American Literature._) _5. Who were
Demothenes, Ossian, Homer, Milton, Rousseau?_
JOHN RANDOLPH OF ROANOKE.--1. From whom was he descended? 2. What does
Paulding say of him? _3. Where is found the quotation--"Free will
fixed fate, foreknowledge absolute"?_
GEORGE TUCKER.--1. To whom was he related? 2. How long was he
professor at the University of Virginia? 3. Who was founder of the
University? _4. Where is the Natural Bridge?_ (_See picture under Mrs.
Preston._) _5. When was the University established and opened?_
THIRD PERIOD, 1800-1850.
HENRY CLAY.--1. What two titles did he have, and for what reasons? 2.
Mention some of his companions in public life. 3. Of what measures was
he the author? _4. Who was Jackson?_ _5. Who were Philip, Alexander,
Cæsar, Brutus, Madame de Staël, Bonaparte?_ _6. What was the
difference in the ages of Clay, Calhoun and Webster?_
FRANCIS SCOTT KEY.--1. Relate the circumstances under which the "Star
Spangled Banner" was written. _2. What city was burned by the British
in the year in which this song was composed?_
JOHN JAMES AUDUBON.--1. What was his favorite pursuit? 2. Where is a
set of his works to be seen?
THOMAS HART BENTON.--1. What title did he gain, and how? 2. What is
said of his great work? _3. Who were Randolph and Clay?_ _4. What was
the cause of the duel?_ _5. What office had Clay at the time?_ _6. How
were Benton and Clay connected?_ (_Mrs. Clay was a cousin of Benton's,
she had been Miss Lucretia Hart._) _7. Whom did Benton's daughter
Jessie marry, and what did she write?_ (_See "List of Southern
Writers," Frémont._)
JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN.--1. Who was his early teacher? 2. What was the
remark of Calhoun's father about government? 3. What is Calhoun's home
now? 4. What is the principle of Nullification? 5. Who first said, "To
the victors belong the spoils," as applied to public offices? 6. What
does Calhoun say of it? _7. Who are the three greatest statesmen of
the "Compromise Period" (1820-1850)?_ 8. What does Everett say of
them? _9. What does Stephens say of Calhoun in 1850?_ (_See under
A. H. Stephens._) 10. What does Webster say of him? _11. What rank
does he hold as a statesman and patriot?_ 12. Who are the others
mentioned as contemporary with Calhoun in the Senate?
NATHANIEL BEVERLEY TUCKER.--1. Whose son was he, and whose half
brother? 2. Give the plan of the "Partisan Leader." _3. When was Van
Buren president?_
DAVID CROCKETT.--1. What was his motto? 2. What does he say of the
earthquake and its effects? _3. When was the great earthquake in the
Mississippi Valley?_ _4. Where is the Alamo?_ _5. Tell something of
its defence and fall._ (_See under Houston._)
RICHARD HENRY WILDE.--1. What discoveries did he make in Italy? 2.
What is the poem by which he is known? (It is also called "The
Captive's Lament"). 3. Tell the incident of its translation. 4. Who
was Mrs. White Beatty? 5. _What else can you learn of her?_ _6. Who
were Giotto Dante Tasso and Petrarch?_
AUGUSTUS BALDWIN LONGSTREET.--1. Who was "Ned Brace"? 2. How did Judge
Longstreet feel about "Georgia Scenes" in his later years? _3. When
did Washington make his Southern tour?_ _4. How old was Judge Bacon
then?_
ROBERT YOUNG HAYNE.--1. When and with whom was his great debate on
Nullification? 2. What action did South Carolina take in 1832? 3. What
prevented war? 4. What did Webster say the Union would be if the
doctrine of State Sovereignty should be accepted? 5. What action had
the citizens of Boston taken in 1809? _6. What was the resolution of
the Virginia Convention on adopting the Constitution of the United
States?_ _7. Who wrote Hayne's Life?_
SAM HOUSTON.--1. When did Houston go to Texas? 2. What caused the
Texan war of independence? _3. Who were the four presidents of the
Republic of Texas?_ _4. How long was Texas independent and when did
she enter the Union?_ _5. Who was then president of the United
States?_
WILLIAM CAMPBELL PRESTON.--1. What great orator was his uncle? 2. With
what distinguished men was he associated, and who were they? _3. When
was South Carolina University founded?_
JOHN PENDLETON KENNEDY.--1. In what novel of Thackeray did he write a
chapter? 2. What was his connection with the Peabody Institute? 3.
What poet did he befriend? _4. Who was Horse Shoe Robinson?_ _5.
Whence his name?_ (_He was a blacksmith._)
HUGH SWINTON LEGARÉ.--1. For what was he noted? 2. What does Judge
Story say of him? _3. When did he live in Washington City?_ _4. When
was he in Belgium?_ 5. Where did he die? _6. What poet wrote his
life?_
MIRABEAU BUONAPARTE LAMAR.--1. When was he president of Texas? _2. Who
succeeded him?_
FRANCIS LISTER HAWKS.--1. What induced Dr. Hawks to write a history of
North Carolina? 2. Who was the first white child born in America? 3.
When? 4. Who was the first Indian baptized? _5. Where is the town
named for him?_ 6. What probably became of the Lost Colony of Roanoke
and of the little Virginia Dare? _7. How old was she when her
grandfather came back?_ _8. When did Sir Walter Raleigh send his first
colony?_ _9. Did he ever come himself?_ _10. Tell of his life._
GEORGE DENISON PRENTICE.--1. What paper did he establish? _2. How many
mouths has the Mississippi River?_ _3. Who wrote his life?_ (_See
under G in "List of Southern Writers."_)
EDWARD COATE PINKNEY.--1. What position had his father in 1802? _2.
For what was his father distinguished?_ _3. Who do you think were "the
five greatest poets of the country" in his lifetime?_
CHARLES ÉTIENNE ARTHUR GAYARRÉ.--1. In what languages did he write? 2.
Who first manufactured sugar in Louisiana? 3. When? 4. Who were lords
of Louisiana in 1750-70? _5. How long was Louisiana under Spanish
domination?_ _6. When was the Louisiana Purchase made?_ _7. Tell the
story of the Acadians._
MATTHEW FONTAINE MAURY.--1. What title did his sea studies acquire for
him? 2. What was his service to the Atlantic Telegraph Cable? 3. Tell
what honors he received. 4. Where is there a monument to Lieutenant
Herndon? _5. What relation were Maury and Herndon?_ _6. Learn
something of the Emperor Maximilian and the Mexican revolution._
WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS.--1. What is the subject of most of Simms'
novels? 2. Who has written his life? _3. What is the usual form of
Manneyto? (Manitou)_ _4. Who were the Yemassees and when was the
Yemassee war?_ _5. Give a sketch of General Marion._ (_See also under
Ramsay._)
ROBERT EDWARD LEE.--1. Who have written the life of General Lee? 2.
What is the present name of Washington College? _3. Where are there
monuments to Lee?_ _4. When did the Civil War begin and end?_ _5.
Learn more of General Lee._
JEFFERSON DAVIS.--1. When and where was he inaugurated president of
the Confederacy? 2. What has his daughter Winnie written? _3. Who have
written the life of President Davis?_ _4. When was Pierce president of
the United States?_ _5. Where is Beauvoir?_ _6. Where is the
Hermitage?_ _7. Where is Mr. Davis buried?_
EDGAR ALLAN POE.--1. What is said of the "Raven" in 1845? 2. Where are
monuments to Poe? 3. Which are the best lives of him? _4. Who was John
Pendleton Kennedy?_ _5. What is the Koran?_ _6. "The red levin"?_
ROBERT TOOMBS.--1. What two distinguished men besides Toombs were
ordered to be captured after the war? 2. Why did he not sue for
pardon? 3. Who have written his life? _4. Learn more of him._
OCTAVIA WALTON LE VERT.--1. What was the name of her father and grand
father? 2. What did La Fayette say of her when a child? 3. What is
said of her in Washington? _4. Trace her voyage to Spain from Mobile,
Ala._ _5. Who were the Moors and when did they rule Spain?_
LOUISA SUSANNAH M'CORD.--1. Name of Mrs. M'Cord's father? 2. Learn the
last paragraph on page 292. 3. When was this article published? 4.
Where is Forte Motte? _5. For what is it noted?_ _6. Tell something of
the Women's Rights Movement in Europe and America._
JOSEPH G. BALDWIN.--1. What do you think of this sketch of Virginians?
_2. Translate the Latin._ _3. Who were Jefferson Hamilton Jackson,
Clay John Randolph?_
ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS.--1. In what family did he teach? 2. Name
of his home? 3. Tell the anecdotes of him. 4. When did Calhoun die?
_5. Tell what you can of the Senators mentioned in the sketch._ _6.
How did Fillmore afterwards become president of the United Stales?_
_7. When?_
ALEXANDER BEAUFORT MEEK.--1. What system was established by him in
Alabama? 2. Tell some of the characters in his writings 3. For whom is
Montgomery named? _4. When was the Seminole war?_ _5. Who was the
American general?_ _6. What river did De Soto discover and when did he
march through Alabama?_
PHILIP PENDLETON COOKE.--1. Whose brother and whose cousin was he? 2.
What is said of the poem "Florence Vane"?
THEODORE O'HARA.--1. When was the battle of Buena Vista? 2. Where is
O'Hara buried? _3. What is meant by "the Dark and Bloody Ground"?_ _4.
What famous pioneer is also buried in Frankfort?_ _5. Mention some
others given in this book who were in the battle of Buena Vista._
FOURTH PERIOD, 1850-1895.
GEORGE RAINSFORD FAIRBANKS.--1. What other names had Osceola? _2. Find
out more about him and about the Florida War._ _3. For whom is Fort
Moultrie named?_ _4. Who wrote the lines on page 314?_
RICHARD MALCOLM JOHNSTON.--1. What people are described in his
stories? _2. Who are they, and what are such people called in London,
in North Carolina, and in different other States?_ 3. Who was Mr.
Ellington?
JOHN REUBEN THOMPSON.--1. Of what magazine was he editor from 1847 to
1859? 2. Who were some of its contributors? _3. What other writers
edited or wrote for the "Messenger"?_ _4. Who was Ashby?_
JABEZ LAMAR MONROE CURRY.--1. What have we inherited from England? 2.
What relation does Mr. Gladstone think should exist between England
and America? _3. What is the Peabody Educational Fund?_ _4. Learn what
you can of George Peabody and of the Peabody Institute in Baltimore._
(_See also under John Pendleton Kennedy and Sidney Lanier._)
MARGARET JUNKIN PRESTON.--1. How was Mrs. Preston related to Stonewall
Jackson? 2. Where did he die? 3. What were his last words? _4. Where
is the Virginia Military Institute?_ _5. Where is the Natural Bridge?_
(_See Jefferson's Description._)
CHARLES HENRY SMITH ("BILL ARP").--1. Tell of the Cherokees and their
march to the West. 2. Who were Ridge and Ross? 3. Tell of John Howard
Payne's imprisonment. _4. Why did the Cherokees go beyond the
Mississippi?_
ST. GEORGE H. TUCKER.--1. What relation was he to St. George Tucker?
2. When was Jamestown burned? 3. When did the Seven Days' Battles
around Richmond occur? _4. When was Berkeley governor of Virginia?_
_5. Tell of Bacon's Rebellion._ (_See also Dr. Caruthers' "Knights of
the Golden Horseshoe."_) _6. What is left of Jamestown now?_ (_See
under John Smith._)
GEORGE WILLIAM BAGBY.--1. What was Dr. Bagby's pen-name? 2. Whom did
he succeed as editor of the "Southern Literary Messenger"? _3. Who was
Rubinstein?_
SARAH ANNE DORSEY.--1. How did Mrs. Dorsey gain her pen-name? 2. To
whom did she will her Mississippi home? 3. Who was H. W. Allen? 4.
What was her opinion as to going in to exile after the war? _5.
Mention some other Confederate soldiers who went to Mexico._ _6. Who
was Mrs. C. A Warfield and what did she write?_ (_See "List of
Southern Writers."_) _7. Describe the life of the mistress of a large
plantation._ (_See under Kennedy and Mrs. M'Cord; also Mrs. Smedes'
"Southern Planter."_)
HENRY TIMROD.--1. What occupation did Timrod's father choose and why?
2. Who were the companions of Timrod's vacations? 3. Who wrote a
sketch of his life? 4. In what great fire was his property destroyed
in Columbia? _5. When did it occur?_ _6. Where is Magnolia Cemetery?_