OF THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES
OF BEES, AND THEIR LANGUAGE.
Almost all authors speak of four different kinds or varieties of the
honey-bee. I frankly acknowledge that I know but of one; and that all
the bees I have seen are equally profitable when properly taken care
of. It is true my travels have not been very extended.
As to their language: a slight buzzing or confused noise and a
sharp sound, are signals by which they proclaim their danger, or
seek assistance from each other. They appear to have the power of
communicating their desires, their fears, their situation, and their
circumstances. Their language, or whatever name is given to it,
suffices to procure a concert of wills and actions, absolutely to
attain a certain end; and of which I shall give a few examples.
When a hive has lost its queen, a general agitation takes place, that
cannot escape the notice of the most ordinary observer. They seek about
for her on all sides, and, if she cannot be found, they set to work to
supply her place. For this purpose, a great cell must be constructed,
to serve her for a cradle: a single working bee cannot manufacture
it. There must absolutely be a concerted plan,--to choose the place
to do the work--to transport the newly hatched maggot--to nurse it
suitably--and properly to close the cell when it is to undergo the
metamorphosis.
There must also be the same re-union of wills and efforts, when it
relates to the getting rid of a moth that has established itself in
a comb; they must ascertain its presence, feel the evil it may do,
examine with care the extent of its galleries, and agree in the plan of
attack and mode of operations; and how can they form and execute this
plan, without the perfect concurrence of a great number of labourers?
Such agreement is impossible without some sort of language.
Is the hive to be cleaned? A general assessment is commanded, and the
people instantly obey. A throng of labourers remove the dead, carry out
the little bits of wax that are on the board, which would otherwise
serve to feed the moths. Each of these crumbs costs them a journey; and
that toil is spared them when care is taken to scrape and sweep the
board from time to time.
Another scheme of agreement that indicates a language, is where a
bee finds honey, whether in a room, where it may have been deposited
without shutting the windows, or in a stranger hive, where it has
gained entrance. It communicates it to its companions, who rush out by
hundreds or by thousands to obtain a share of the booty. How could they
give this advertisement, without a species of language understood by
every one of them.