1781.
Washington--Cornwallis occupies Yorktown--Battle of Eutaw
Springs--Henry Lee--Washington invests Yorktown--Capitulation.
IN the North, Washington retained a self-possessed mind. So the eagle
from his mountain watch-tower looks down and surveys with serene eye the
tempest and the storm forming beneath his feet. Re-enforced by the
French troops under Rochambeau, and a fleet, he was concerting measures
to expel Clinton from New York, believing that in this way he could give
the enemy the more fatal blow, and afford the South the more effectual
relief. But he resolved, in case he should find this design
impracticable, to transfer the scene of war to the South. Cornwallis was
advised by Sir Henry to select a post on the Chesapeake, convenient for
wintering a fleet--either Yorktown or Old Point. Washington requested La
Fayette to endeavor to prevent Cornwallis from marching to Charleston,
and Wayne was, accordingly, despatched to the south side of the James to
watch his movements.[742:A] Cornwallis having selected Yorktown,
occupied it and Gloucester Point, on the opposite side of the York, and
proceeded to fortify them.
Early in August, Washington received from the Count de Barras the
information that the Count de Grasse might be expected shortly to reach
the Chesapeake with a formidable fleet. Washington now determined to
transfer the war to the South; but to deceive Clinton he made his
arrangements secretly, and continued his apparent preparations against
New York. Cornwallis concentrated the whole British force in Virginia at
Yorktown and Gloucester Point by the twenty-second of August. The latter
post was held by the 80th Regiment, the Hessian regiment of the Prince
Hereditaire, and the Queen's Rangers--the whole under command of the
brave and energetic Colonel Dundas, of the artillery. Tarleton, with his
cavalry, afterwards passed over to Gloucester Point. La Fayette, in
consequence of the movements of the enemy, broke up his camp on the
Pamunkey, and drew nearer to Yorktown. Washington, having concerted with
the French commanders a plan of operations, with the combined American
and French forces, marched for Virginia, the army being put in motion on
the nineteenth, and having completed the passage of the Hudson on the
twenty-fifth. Sir Henry Clinton did not suspect that the movement was
for the South until the third of September.
On the thirtieth of August, De Grasse, with twenty-eight ships of the
line and several frigates, arrived from the West Indies, and entered the
Chesapeake. At Cape Henry he found an officer despatched by La Fayette
with intelligence of the situation of the two armies. On the following
day his advanced ships blocked up the mouth of the York. While the
French fleet lay at anchor just within the Chesapeake, a squadron was
descried early in the morning of September the fifth, consisting of
nineteen ships-of-the-line, under Admiral Graves. De Grasse immediately
formed his line and put to sea; and a partial engagement occurred.
Several ships were damaged, but the result was indecisive. For some days
the fleets continued within view of each other, after which De Grasse
returned to his moorings within the capes. Here he found[743:A] De
Barras with a squadron newly arrived from Rhode Island, bringing
artillery and stores proper for carrying on a siege. Graves looking in
at the capes found the French fleet too strong for him, and returned to
New York. La Fayette made his headquarters at Williamsburg, twelve miles
from Yorktown.
On the 8th of September, 1781, the battle of Eutaw Springs, in South
Carolina, took place. The British army, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel
Stuart, being encamped at that place, Greene marched at four o'clock in
the morning, to attack the enemy, seven miles distant. Upon approaching
them Greene formed his first line of militia under Marion and Pickens.
The second was composed of continental infantry and the North Carolina
Brigade, commanded by General Sumner, on the right; the Virginians,
under Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, in the centre; the Marylanders, under
Colonel Williams, on the left. Lee's legion covered the right flank;
South Carolinians, under Colonel Henderson, the left; and Washington's
cavalry, with Kirkwood's infantry, formed the reserve. Captain Gaines,
with two three-pounders, was attached to the first line, and Captain
Brown, with two sixes, to the second.
The British were drawn up across the road obliquely,--in a wood, on the
heights near the Eutaw Springs, having their right flank on Eutaw Creek.
The flanks were protected by infantry and cavalry; and a body of
infantry was held in reserve. The British advanced party was soon driven
in. The militia, after maintaining themselves firmly for awhile, were
compelled to retire before the advancing enemy, and their place was
filled by Sumner's North Carolina Brigade, which, supported by Lee and
Henderson on the flanks, went into action with great intrepidity. The
British fell back to their first ground. Henderson was disabled by a
wound. At Sumner's brigade giving way the British rushed forward in some
disorder. Greene directed Williams and Campbell to charge with the
bayonet, and Washington to bring up the reserve. Williams charged
without firing a musket; but Campbell's regiment, chiefly new levies,
returned the enemy's fire as they advanced. Lee now ordered Captain
Rudolph, of the legion infantry, to turn the enemy's flank, and give
them a raking fire. This being done, the British left was broken, and,
driven off the field retreated through their tented camp toward Eutaw
Creek, where was a brick house, into which a part of them threw
themselves. The Americans pursuing closely, took three hundred prisoners
and two pieces of cannon.
Washington charging the enemy's right with his cavalry suffered a heavy
loss. He himself had his horse killed, and was wounded and made
prisoner. The enemy now rallied, and Greene, finding it impossible to
dislodge them, retired. It was an extremely hard-fought battle. The loss
of the Americans was five hundred and fifty-five, including sixty
officers. One hundred and thirty were killed. Seventeen officers were
killed, and four mortally wounded. Among the slain was Lieutenant-Colonel
Campbell, who fell while leading the Virginia Brigade on to the charge.
This excellent officer, on being told just before he expired, that the
Americans were victorious, exclaimed, "Then I die contented." The loss
of the British was six hundred and ninety-three, of whom eighty-five
were killed on the field. Greene made five hundred prisoners. The
combatants were about equal in number, and the question of victory was
left undecided. Greene was, as a military leader, esteemed as second
only to General Washington.
Henry Lee was born in Westmoreland, Virginia, on the 29th of January,
1756, being son of Colonel Henry Lee[745:A] and Mary Bland, of Jordans.
Henry receiving his early education from a private tutor at home,
afterwards pursued his studies at the College of New Jersey, under the
presidency of Dr. Witherspoon, and graduated there in 1774, in his
eighteenth year. While in college, Dr. Shippen predicted his future
distinction. In 1776, when twenty years of age, on the nomination of
Patrick Henry, he was appointed a captain in Colonel Bland's regiment of
cavalry. In September of the following year the regiment joined the main
army, where Lee, by his discipline, vigilance, and efficiency, soon won
the confidence of Washington, who selected him and his company for a
body-guard at the battle of Germantown. While Lee lay near the British
lines, a numerous body of cavalry surprised him in his quarters, a stone
house, where he had with him but ten men. Yet with these he made a
gallant defence, and obliged the enemy to retreat, after having lost
four men killed, together with several horses, and an officer with three
privates wounded. Of his own party, besides the patrols and
quartermaster-sergeant, who were made prisoners out of the house, he had
but two wounded. Washington complimented Lee on his gallantry in this
little affair, and congress shortly after promoted him to the rank of
major with the command of an independent partisan corps of horse. July
19th, 1779, he surprised the British garrison at Paulus Hook, and was
rewarded by congress with a gold medal. Early in 1780 Lee, now
lieutenant-colonel, with his legion, consisting of cavalry and infantry,
joined the army of the South, under General Greene. In his retreat
before Cornwallis, Lee's legion formed part of the rear-guard of the
American army. During the retreat, Lee charged successfully upon
Tarleton's dragoons. After Greene had effected his escape, he detached
Lee, with Pickens, to watch the movements of Cornwallis. Lee, with his
legion, by a stratagem surprised four hundred armed loyalists under
Colonel Pyle, of whom ninety were killed and many wounded.
At the battle of Guilford Lee's legion distinguished itself. When
Cornwallis retired to Wilmington, it was by Lee's advice that Greene
moved at once into South Carolina. Lee, detached with his legion, joined
the militia under Marion. Several forts speedily surrendered. Lee now
joined Pickens, for the purpose of attacking Fort Augusta, which was
reduced. In the unfortunate assault upon Fort Ninety-Six, Lee was
entirely successful in the part of the attack intrusted to his care. At
the battle of the Eutaw Springs he bore a distinguished part; and
General Greene declared that his services had been greater than those of
any other man attached to the Southern army. As a partisan officer he
was unsurpassed. He was a soldier, an orator, and a writer; and in his
Memoirs has given a graphic picture of the war in the South. He was
about five feet nine inches high, well proportioned, of an open,
pleasant countenance, and of a dark complexion. His manners were frank
and engaging, his disposition generous and hospitable. He was twice
married: first to Matilda, daughter of Philip Ludwell Lee, by whom he
had a son, Henry, and a daughter, Lucy; and afterwards to Ann, daughter
of Charles Carter, of Shirley, by whom he had three sons, Charles
Carter, Robert, and Smith, and two daughters, Ann and Mildred. General
Henry Lee resided at Stratford. His statue is to be placed on the
Richmond Monument. Among the officers of Lee's legion were Armstrong,
Rudolph, Eggleston, and Carrington.
Washington, accompanied by Rochambeau and the Marquis De Chastellux,
reaching Yorktown on the fourteenth of September, and repairing on board
the Ville de Paris, the admiral's ship, arranged the plan of the siege.
By the twenty-fifth, the combined army, amounting to twelve thousand
men, together with five thousand militia under General Nelson, was
concentrated at Williamsburg. The allies advanced upon York and invested
it, the Americans forming the right below the town, the French the left
above it, and each extending from the borders of the river, so as to
completely circumvent the town. General De Choisy invested Gloucester
Point with three thousand men. The enemy's communication by water was
entirely cut off by ships stationed at the mouth of the river, some ten
miles below Yorktown. Cornwallis, some time before this, finding his
situation growing so critical, had anxiously solicited aid from Sir
Henry Clinton; and it was promised, but never arrived. Washington was
assisted during the siege by Lincoln, Steuben, La Fayette, Knox, and
others. The French were commanded by General the Count De Rochambeau. On
the twenty-ninth the British commenced a cannonade, and during the night
abandoned some redoubts, and retired within the town. Colonel Scammel,
while reconnoitring the ground just abandoned by the enemy, was
surprised by a party of horse, and, after he had surrendered, received a
wound from a Hessian, of which he died in a few days, greatly lamented.
On the third of October, in a skirmish before Gloucester Point, Tarleton
was unhorsed, and narrowly escaped being made prisoner. The British sent
out from Yorktown a large number of negroes infected with the small-pox.
On the night of the seventh the first parallel was extended two miles in
length, and within six hundred yards of the British lines. By the
evening of the ninth, several batteries being completed, Washington
himself put the match to the first gun, and a heavy fire was opened, and
the cannonade continued till the fifteenth. Cornwallis was driven from
Secretary Nelson's house.
Upon the breaking out of the Revolution, the Secretary had retired from
public affairs. He lived at Yorktown, where he had erected a handsome
house. Cornwallis made his headquarters in this house, which stood near
the defensive works. It soon attracted the attention of the French
artillery, and was almost entirely demolished. Secretary Nelson was in
it when the first shot killed one of his negroes at a little distance
from him. What increased his solicitude was that he had two sons in the
American army; so that every shot, whether fired from the town or from
the trenches, might prove equally fatal to him. When a flag was sent in
to request that he might be conveyed within the American lines, one of
his sons was observed gazing wistfully at the gate of the town by which
his father, then disabled by the gout, was to come out. Cornwallis
permitted his withdrawal, and he was taken to Washington's headquarters.
Upon alighting, with a serene countenance he related to the officers who
stood around him what had been the effect of their batteries, and how
much his mansion had suffered from the first shot. A red-hot ball from a
French battery set fire to the Charon, a British forty-four gun-ship,
and two or three smaller vessels, which were consumed in the night. They
were enrobed in fire, which ran like lightning over the rigging and to
the tops of the masts. A second parallel was completed, and batteries
erected within three hundred yards of the enemy's works. The British had
two redoubts about three hundred yards in front of their lines, and it
was resolved to take them by assault. The one on the left of the enemy
bordering the banks of the river was assigned to a brigade of light
infantry under La Fayette, the advanced corps being conducted by Colonel
Alexander Hamilton, assisted by Colonel Gimat. The attack commenced at
eight o'clock in the evening, and the assailants entered the fort with
the point of the bayonet, without firing a gun. The American loss was
eight killed and thirty wounded. Major Campbell, who commanded the
redoubt, was wounded and made prisoner, with about thirty soldiers; the
rest escaped. During the assault, the British kept up a fire along their
whole line. Washington, Lincoln, and Knox, having dismounted, stood in
an exposed position awaiting the result. The other redoubt, on the right
of the British, was taken at the same time by a detachment of the French
commanded by Baron De Viomenil. He lost about one hundred men killed and
wounded. Of the enemy at this redoubt eighteen were killed and
forty-five captured, including three officers.
By this time many of the British guns were silenced, and their works
were becoming ruinous. About four o'clock in the morning of the
sixteenth, Colonel Abercrombie, with four hundred men, made a sortie
against two unfinished redoubts occupied by the French; the British,
after spiking some cannon, were driven back, with a small loss on each
side. One hundred pieces of heavy artillery were now in full play
against the enemy, and he had nearly ceased firing. In this extremity,
Lord Cornwallis formed a desperate design of attempting to force his way
to New York, his plan being to leave his sick and baggage behind, to
cross over the York River in the night to Gloucester Point with his
effective force, and, overwhelming De Choisy there, his lordship
intended to mount his men on captured horses, and, by forced marches,
gain the fords of the rivers, and thus make his way through Maryland,
Pennsylvania, and Jersey, to New York. Boats were in readiness under
other pretexts, at ten o'clock of the night of the sixteenth, and the
arrangements were conducted with so much secrecy that the first division
arrived at Gloucester Point unperceived, and part of the troops were
landed, when a violent storm drove the boats down the river, and it was
not till daylight that they returned to York town. The plan being
frustrated, the boats were sent to bring back the soldiers, and they
were relanded on the south side during the forenoon. At about ten
o'clock in the forenoon of the seventeenth, the British beat a parley,
and by a flag requested a cessation of hostilities for twenty-four
hours, to settle terms for the surrender of the posts. Washington
granted a suspension of hostilities for two hours for the reception of
his lordship's proposals in writing. These having been received, the
suspension was prolonged. The commissioners for adjusting the terms of
the capitulation were the Viscount De Noailles and Lieutenant-Colonel
Laurens, in behalf of the allies; and Colonel Dundas and Major Ross, in
behalf of the British. The place of meeting was Moore's House, at Temple
Farm, in the rear of the first parallel. A rough draft of the articles
of capitulation was made on the eighteenth, to be submitted to the
respective generals. Washington sent a fair transcript of the articles
to Lord Cornwallis early on the morning of the nineteenth, together with
a letter restricting the interval allowed for signing the capitulation
to eleven o'clock, and that for the actual surrender to two o'clock in
the afternoon of that day. His lordship acquiesced, and on the 19th of
October, 1781, the British army surrendered. At about twelve o'clock the
combined army was drawn up along a road in two lines, about twenty
yards apart, and extending more than a mile, the Americans on the
right, the French on the left. At the head of the American line
Washington appeared on horseback, surrounded by his aids and the
American staff; at the head of the French line and opposite to
Washington was posted Count Rochambeau, surrounded in the same way. At
two o'clock the captive army advanced between the allied lines in
column, slowly, and in exact order. Profound silence reigned during this
scene,[750:A] which recalled to mind the awful vicissitudes of human
fortune, awoke commiseration for the captives, and suggested the
consequences of this great event. Lord Cornwallis, under the pretext of
indisposition, declined being present, and his place was filled by
General O'Hara. This gallant officer, mounted on a fine charger, upon
reaching the head of the line, mistook Count Rochambeau, on his left,
for the commander-in-chief; but quickly discovering his error, flew
across the road to Washington, asked pardon for his mistake, apologized
for the absence of Lord Cornwallis, and begged to know his further
pleasure. Washington courteously referred him to General Lincoln, who
had been compelled to surrender at Charleston, for his guidance.
Returning to the head of the column, it moved under the guidance of
Lincoln to the field selected for laying down the arms. The men
manifested their embittered feelings, and Colonel Abercrombie was
observed to hide his face when his men threw down their muskets.
The post at Gloucester Point was surrendered about the same time. The
command of the British there had recently been assumed by Tarleton,
Dundas being required to be present on the south side of the river.
Tarleton, before the surrender, waited on General De Choisy, and made
known to him the apprehensions which he entertained for his personal
safety, in case he should fall into the hands of the American militia,
and requested his protection. The danger was imaginary; and the general
readily agreed to ensure his safety. Tarleton surrendered his force to
the legion of the Duke De Lauzun and Mercer's corps, the residue of the
allied detachment not even being present to witness the spectacle. The
number of prisoners surrendered at the two posts was upwards of seven
thousand, who, with the artillery, arms, military chest, and stores,
were given up to Washington, the ships and seamen to Count De Grasse.
The loss sustained by the garrison during the siege of eleven days
amounted to five hundred and fifty-two, including six officers. The
allied force amounted to sixteen thousand men, being, continentals five
thousand five hundred, French seven thousand, militia three thousand
five hundred. Loss in killed and wounded during the siege, about three
hundred.
In the adjustment of the articles of capitulation, Cornwallis had
insisted strenuously upon two points: first, that the prisoners of war
should be allowed to return to Europe, upon condition of not serving
against the United States or France, until exchanged; second, security
for American citizens who had joined the British armies. Both were
rejected; but the latter was virtually admitted, by permitting his
lordship to send away the Bonetta with despatches to Sir Henry Clinton,
free from search. In this way his lordship conveyed away the most
obnoxious loyalists securely to New York; but Lord Cornwallis, in
soliciting this favor, pledged himself that no officer should go in this
way without Washington's consent. In his orders of the twentieth, the
commander-in-chief congratulated the army on this glorious event, and
declared that it was owing to the assistance of the French allies. He
returned his profound acknowledgments to them, mentioning with special
honor Count De Rochambeau, the Baron De Viomenil, the Chevalier De
Chastellux, the Marquis De St. Simon, the Count De Viomenil, and General
De Choisy. The gallant French troops shared in the applause bestowed on
the whole army. Generals Lincoln, La Fayette, Steuben, and Knox,
together with Colonels Carney, and D'Abbeville, received the highest
praise. The services of the gallant and patriotic General Nelson,
commander of the militia, were recognized with no less distinction. A
general amnesty was granted; and all belonging to the army that were
under arrest were pardoned and restored to the ranks, that they might
participate in the universal joy. Washington concluded the order in
these words: "Divine service shall be performed to-morrow in the
different brigades and divisions. The commander-in-chief recommends to
all the troops that are not upon duty to assist at it with a serious
deportment and that sensibility of heart which the recollection of the
surprising and particular interposition of Providence in our favor
claims."
Sir Henry Clinton, with a fleet of twenty-five ships-of-the-line, two
fifty gun-ships, and eight frigates, commanded by Admiral Digby, and
having on board seven thousand chosen troops, appeared off the capes of
Virginia on the twenty-fourth--they having sailed from Sandy Hook on the
very day of the surrender. Sir Henry finding that he had arrived too
late, set sail on the twenty-ninth, from the mouth of the Chesapeake,
and returned to New York.
As the drama of the Revolution was opened in Virginia by Henry, so it
was now virtually terminated here by Washington and his companions in
arms. With this glorious event closes this history of the Colony and
Ancient Dominion of Virginia.
FOOTNOTES:
[742:A] August 2d, 1781.
[743:A] September tenth.
[745:A] For many years a member of the house of burgesses.
[750:A] Lee's Memoirs, 370. Colonel Lee, despatched by Greene to the
North on public business, happened to be present during the siege and at
the surrender, and has given a graphic description of them.
INDEX.
ACCOMAC, 55, 261, 305.
Adams, John, 621, 652.
Adams, Samuel, 568, 581.
Agriculture, 349, 614.
Albemarle colony, 258.
Albemarle, Earl of, governor-in-chief, 450.
Alexander, Archibald, 429, 490.
Alexandria, Braddock quartered at, 472.
Algonquin tribes, 269.
Amadas, Captain, 21.
Amsterdam, New, captured by Argall, 111.
Andros, Sir Edmund, governor, 347;
charges against him, 356;
remanded to England, 357.
Appomattox River discovered, 65, 268, 307.
Appomattox town, 107, 264.
Appomattox Indians, 40, 307.
Argall, Captain Samuel, captures Pocahontas, 107;
his expedition against the French in Acadia, 111;
reduces Dutch fort at Manhattan, 111;
governor of Virginia, 124;
his tyranny, 127;
departure from Virginia, 129;
is knighted, 129.
Arlington, Earl of, 274.
Armada, Spanish, 27.
Arnold, Benedict, invades Virginia, 710;
returns to Portsmouth, 713;
his position there, 717;
joins Phillips in second invasion, 719;
succeeds Phillips, 722;
La Fayette refuses to correspond with, 722;
returns to New York, 727.
Assembly of Virginia first held, 139;
petitions the king, 172;
the holding of, disallowed by Charles the First, 179;
Charles the First desires assembly to be called, 181;
declaration of, against restoration of Virginia Company, 200;
loyalty of, 213, 251;
supreme power claimed by, 238;
sends address to Charles the Second, 251;
demonstrations of its loyalty, 253;
proceedings of, during Bacon's Rebellion, 296-7;
journals of, seized, 320;
"Bacon's Laws" repealed by, 322;
Culpepper calls one;
Beverley, clerk of, persecuted, 335;
opposes governor's negative, and is prorogued, 339;
Nicholson refuses to call, 345;
held in college, 364;
ceremony of opening, 364;
acts of, 376;
Spotswood dissolves, 395;
Spotswood prorogues, 399;
loyalty of, 417;
passes relief acts, 507, 509;
resolutions of, against stamp act, 540-41;
thanks of, given to Washington, 504;
remonstrates against proceedings of British government, 543;
Botetourt dissolves, 557;
he calls together, 558;
disapproves of Episcopate, 561;
proceedings of, 570;
Dunmore dissolves, 573;
votes thanks to Dunmore for his conduct of Indian war, 594;
first under republican constitution, 672;
proceedings of, 681.
BACON, NATHANIEL, JR., his servant and overseer slain by Indians,
286;
leader of insurgents, 287;
proclaimed a rebel and pursued by Berkley, 289;
marches into wilderness and massacres tribe of Indians, 289;
elected burgess, arrested, and released, 289;
sues for pardon, 290;
restored to council, 291;
Berkley issues secret warrants for his arrest and he escapes,
292;
re-enters Jamestown and extorts a commission, 293;
countermarches against governor, 299;
calls convention, 301;
exterminates Indians, 307;
marches upon Jamestown, 308;
puts governor to flight and burns Jamestown, 310;
dies, 311;
punishment of his adherents, 313, 317, 320, 321, 322.
Bacon, Elizabeth, wife of Nathaniel Bacon, Jr., 312, 329.
Bacon, Nathaniel, Sr., member of council, 292;
member of court-martial, 315;
auditor, 327;
president of council, 344.
Bacon, Elizabeth, wife of Nathaniel Bacon, Sr., 344.
Bacon Quarter Branch, 421.
Baltimore, George, Lord, visits Virginia; procures grant of
territory from Charles the First, 183.
Baltimore, Cecilius, Lord, patentee of Maryland, employs Leonard
Calvert to settle a colony there, 189;
character of Baltimore's grant, 191.
Baltimore, Benedict, Lord, 377.
Banister, Colonel John, 725.
Baptists in Virginia, Blair's letter respecting, 554.
Barges, battle of, 738.
Barlow, Captain, 29.
Barradall, Edward, 434.
Barren, Commodore James, 679.
Barren, Captain Richard, 679-80, 738.
Barron, Lieutenant William, 679.
Barron, Captain Samuel, 723, 738.
Batt, Captain Henry, his expedition across the mountains, 268.
Baylor, Colonel, 668, 691.
"Bear and Cub," extract from Accomac records, 261.
Behn, Mrs. Afra, 317.
Bennet, Richard, a non-conformist, removes to Maryland, 212, 215;
parliamentary commissioner, 216;
with Clayborne reduces Maryland, 222;
governor of Virginia, 223;
agent at London, 233.
Berkley, seat on James River, 163.
Berkley, Sir William, governor, 200;
issues proclamation against non-conformists, 203;
captures Opechancanough, 204;
visits England, 204;
generosity to royalist refugees, 215;
surrenders colony, 217;
goes into retirement, 222;
generous treatment of, 225;
elected governor, 242;
errors regarding his election, 243;
Charles the Second sends new commission to, 248;
emoluments of, 252-53;
again visits England, 252;
superintends Albemarle colony, 267;
his statistics of Virginia, 271;
his imbecile conduct in regard to the Indians, 281;
refuses to give Bacon a commission, 287;
proclaims Bacon a rebel, 288;
releases Bacon from arrest, 289;
issues secret warrants to arrest Bacon, 292;
Bacon extorts commission from, 295;
summons Gloucester militia, 298;
escapes to Accomac, 299;
returns to Jamestown, 306;
escapes from Jamestown, 310;
his recall and death, 223.
Berkley, Lady Frances, 224.
Bermuda Island, Sea-Venture wrecked on coast of, 94.
Bermuda City, 125.
Bermuda Hundred, 107, 112, 117.
Beverley, Robert, clerk of assembly, persecution of, 335-6-8.
Beverley, Robert, author of History of Virginia, 359.
Birkenhead discloses plot, 263.
Blackbeard, the pirate, 396.
Blair, Rev. James, Commissary, procures college charter, 346;
president of college, 347;
his controversy with Andros, 356;
his controversy with Nicholson, 368;
his controversy with Spotswood, 400;
his death and character, 434.
Blair, John, president, 553;
his letter concerning the Baptists, 554.
Bland, Giles, 304, 320.
Bland, Theodorick, speaker, 244.
Bland, John, 264.
Bland, Colonel Theodorick, Jr., has charge of convention troops,
694.
Bland genealogy, 670.
Bland, Richard, his "Letters to Clergy," 509;
a burgess, 535;
his "Inquiry into Rights of Colonies," 549;
member of committee of correspondence, 570;
delegate to congress, 630;
member of committee of safety, 624;
death of, 670.
Bolling, Colonel Robert, marries Jane Rolfe, 122.
Boone, Daniel, 595.
Boston, 257;
Culpepper visits, 329;
port bill, 574;
affairs at, 666.
Botetourt, Lord, governor, 556, 558;
his death, 559.
Boucher, Rev. Jonathan, his opinions on slavery, 526.
Braddock, Edward, General, his expedition against Fort Du Quesne,
471;
defeat, 475;
death, 480.
Brandywine, battle of, 685.
Braxton, Carter, interposes to stop Henry's advance, 612;
member of committee of safety, 624;
his Address to the Convention, 646;
signer of Declaration of Independence, 652;
sketch of, 662.
Breckenridge, 432, 490.
Brent, Captain, 284.
Bridge, Great, battle of, 635.
Bryan, Butler, Miss, marries Gov. Spotswood, 408.
Bucke, Rev. Mr., 95, 98, 117.
Bullet, Thomas, 501, 594, 635.
Bullet, Cuthbert, 594.
Burden's grant, 428.
Burgoyne, General, surrenders at Saratoga, 686.
Burnaby, Rev. Andrew, his account of Virginia, 502;
his opinion on the disputes between assembly and ministers, 511.
Burras, Anne, first Christian married in Virginia, 65.
Burwell, Lewis, President, 450.
Butler's Account of Virginia, 169-70.
Byrd, Captain William, 421.
Byrd, Colonel William, Sr., of Westover, purchases records of
Virginia Company, 174;
auditor, 341;
his generosity to Huguenots, 370;
runs dividing line, 414;
his opinion of people of New England, 415;
plans Richmond and Petersburg, 421;
his death, 435;
epitaph, 436.
Byrd, Colonel William, Jr., of Westover, commands a Virginia
regiment, 500;
member of council, 610.
Byrd, Mrs. Maria, of Westover, her correspondence with Arnold, 712.
CABELL, COL. WILLIAM, member of convention of 1776, 624, 626;
member of committee of safety, 624;
sketch of, 626.
Culvert, Sir George, first Lord Baltimore, 183, 189.
Calvert, Leonard, commands expedition for planting colony in
Maryland, 189.
Camden, Gates defeated at, 698.
Camm, Rev. John, opposes "Two-Penny Act," 509, 514.
Campbell, Colonel William, defeats Ferguson at King's Mountain,
699, 700;
at the battle of Guilford, 718;
joins La Fayette, 735.
Campbell, Lieutenant-Colonel, killed at Eutaw Springs, 745.
Campbell, Colonel Arthur, 690.
Carr, Dabney, 571.
Carrington, Paul, member of committee of safety, 624;
sketch of, 624-25.
Carrington, Edward, 625.
Carter, John, 238, 264.
Carter, Robert, President, 412.
Carter, Charles, of Shirley, member of first council under
republican constitution, 651.
Carter, Colonel Landon, 509.
Carthagena expedition, 417.
Cary, Colonel Archibald, 555, 646;
member of committee of correspondence, 570;
reports preamble and resolutions of independence, 646;
chairman of committee to prepare declaration of rights and plan
of government, 648.
Charles the First, his colonial policy, 175-79;
disallows assemblies, 179;
desires one to be called, 181;
appoints council of superintendence, 187;
grants Clayborne a license, 188;
reinstates Harvey, 195;
his government, 197;
his letter to assembly, 201;
overthrown at Naseby, 204;
executed, 212.
Charles the Second, restoration of, 244;
transmits new commission to Berkley, 247;
grants territory of Virginia to Arlington and Culpepper, 274.
Charleston, South Carolina, founded, 330.
Charta, Magna, recognized, 237.
Charter granted to London Company, 35;
new one, 76;
dissolved, 174;
Virginia obtains a meagre one, 326.
Chelsea, seat of Austin Moore, 387.
Cherokees, party of, visit Williamsburg, 450;
in Sandy Creek expedition, 490;
reduced to submission, 672;
invaded by Shelby, 692.
Chesapeakes town discovered, 23.
Chesapeake Bay supposed to have been discovered by Spaniards, 19;
Newport enters, 38;
Smith explores, 55, 60;
discovered by English, 188;
explored by Pory, 188;
naval action in, 743.
Chickahominy River, 45.
Chickahominies, 110.
Chicheley, Sir Henry, appointed to command expedition against
Indians, 280;
governor, 328, 332.
Christanna, Fort, 384.
Church at Jamestown, 52, 101;
of England, conformity to, required, 151;
condition of, in Virginia in 1661, 249;
laws concerning, 255;
in Virginia, Rev. Morgan Godwyn's account of, 277;
statistics of, 331;
condition of, 354;
dissent from, 438;
ministers of, oppose "Two-Penny Act," 509.
Clarke, General George Rogers, captures St. Vincennes, 691-92, 713.
Clayborne, Colonel William, secretary of Virginia, effects
settlement on Kent Island, 188;
his contest with Maryland, 189, 192;
convicted of high crimes, escapes to Virginia, goes to England,
192;
expels Calvert from Maryland and usurps government, 205;
one of commissioners for reducing Virginia, 216;
assists Bennet in reducing Maryland, 222;
authorized to make discoveries, 225;
with Bennet seizes government of Maryland, 230;
displaced from office of secretary, 254;
burgess, 281;
member of court-martial, 315;
genealogy, 324.
Cohees, 424.
Coin, current, 350, 444.
Collectors, 351, 354.
College of William and Mary, 345-47, 361-64, 376, 437.
College, Hampden Sidney, founded, 677.
College, Washington, founded, 677.
Commencement at William and Mary, 361.
Commissary, his power, 374.
Committee of correspondence, 570.
Committee of safety, 624.
Commonwealth of England, 212.
Company, Virginia, 175.
Congress meets at Philadelphia, 579, 618.
Constitution of Virginia, 648.
Convention troops quartered near Charlottesville, 694;
removed, 708.
Convention called by Bacon, 300.
Convention meets at Williamsburg, 575;
second, meets at Richmond, 599, 624;
meets at Williamsburg, 644;
proceedings of, 644-48;
instructs delegates in congress to propose independence, 646.
Convicts, 269.
Convocation, 368, 400.
Corbin, Colonel G., member of council, 610.
Corbin, G., Jr., member of council, 610.
Corbin, Henry, 264.
Corbin, Colonel Richard, deputy receiver-general, 611.
Corbin, John Tayloe, 645.
Cornstalk, Indian chief, 585, 587, 589.
Cornwallis, Lord, invades Virginia, 726;
pursues La Fayette, 728;
marches to Point of Fork, 729;
commits devastations, 733;
retires to lower country, 735;
pursued by La Fayette, 735;
fortifies Yorktown, is besieged and capitulates, 742-45.
Correspondence, committee of, 570.
Council, 351.
Counties, 190.
Court of claims, 351;
county courts, 352;
general court, 352;
courts closed, 620.
Cromwell, Oliver, dissolves Long Parliament, 225;
declared Protector, 225;
his tolerant views, 231;
letters, 230-31;
death, 240;
Virginia during his protectorate, 242.
Cromwell, Richard, succeeds to protectorate, 240;
recognized by assembly, 241;
resigns, 242.
Cropper, Colonel, 740.
Culloden prisoners, 340.
Culpepper, Thomas, Lord, governor-in-chief, 328, 331, 333, 336.
Cummings, Rev. Charles, 690.
Curtis, Edmund, 220.
Custis, Martha, Washington marries, 504.
DALE, SIR THOMAS, governor, his code of martial law, 104;
founds town of Henrico, 105;
his expedition up York River, 108;
proposes to marry a daughter of Powhatan, 113;
takes Pocahontas to England, 116.
Dandridge, Captain Nathaniel West, 409, 418, 422.
Dandridge, John, 504.
Dandridge, Martha, marries, first, John Parke Custis; and secondly,
George Washington, 504.
Dandridge, Bartholomew, 644, 651.
Dare, Virginia, first Christian child born in Virginia, 26.
Davies, Rev. Samuel, settles in Hanover County, 446;
his zeal and eloquence, 447, 484;
visits Great Britain, 482;
his allusion to Washington, 483;
patriotism and influence, 483, 498.
Dawson, Rev. Thomas, president of William and Mary, 505.
Deane, Silas, 702-3.
Declaration of Rights, 648.
Declaration of Independence, 652;
Virginia signers of, 652.
Declaration, Mecklenburg, 615.
Delaware, Lord, first governor of Virginia, 77, 96, 101, 103, 126.
Delaware River, name of, 126.
Delaware City, 126, 313.
Delaware, Lady, presents Pocahontas, at court, 119.
Dennis, Captain, commissioner for reducing Virginia, 216;
compels colony to surrender, 217.
Dictator, alleged scheme of appointing, 676.
Digges, Edward, governor, 233;
agent at London, 236.
Digges, Dudley, 233.
Disputes between colonies and mother country, 530.
Dinwiddie, Robert, governor, 452;
dissensions between him and assembly, 454;
his correspondence with Washington, 493, 496;
letter to Fox, 494;
succeeded by Blair, 494, 498.
Discovery, early voyages of, 17.
Dissenters, 202, 211, 371-73, 438, 446.
Dividing line, 414.
Drake, Sir Francis, 24.
Drummond, William, 266, 294, 299, 302-3, 307-8, 316, 321.
Drummond, Sarah, 303.
Drysdale, Hugh, governor, 411.
Dunmore, Lord, governor, 569;
dissolves assembly, 570, 573;
his Indian war, 582;
indignation against, 588;
his proclamation, 607;
removes powder, 607;
his proceedings, 608-10;
offers "the olive branch," 618;
retires aboard the Fowey, 619;
correspondence with assembly, 619;
his predatory warfare, 632;
driven from Gwynn's Island, 665;
retires from Virginia, 665;
subsequent career, 665.
Dunmore, Lady, arrives at Williamsburg, 572;
retires aboard the Fowey, 612;
returns to Williamsburg, 618;
embarks for England, 623.
Dutch, the, England at war with, 264.
Du Quesne, Fort, Braddock's expedition against, 471;
captured by Forbes, and called Fort Pitt, 502.
EFFINGHAM, LORD HOWARD OF, Governor, 336;
his corruption and tyranny, 342.
Elizabeth, Queen, names Virginia, 22.
Elizabeth River, 59.
Episcopate, American, 560.
Eutaw Springs, battle of, 744.
FAIRFAX, WILLIAM, 435, 457.
Fairfax, Thomas, Lord, 458.
Fairfax, Bryan, 574.
Farmingdale, 122.
Farrar's Island, 104.
Fauquier, Francis, governor, 508;
his death, 553.
Ferguson, Colonel, killed at King's Mountain, 698, 700.
Ferrer, Nicholas, deputy treasurer of Virginia Company, 170,
174-76, 187.
Ferrer, John, 171, 187, 226.
Forbes, General, captures Fort Du Quesne, 502.
Fontaine, John, 387.
Fontaine, Rev. Peter, his opinion on slavery, 494.
Francisco, Peter, 733.
Franklin, Benjamin, 473, 652, 702.
Fredericksburg, Smith visits site of, 59;
volunteers assembled at, 608.
Free Trade established, 245.
Free Church of Scotland, disruption of, 367.
Fresh, great, 560.
Fry, Colonel, 463-65.
GAP, DUTCH, 105.
Gates, Sir Thomas, governor, 35, 77, 94-8, 102-4, 111.
Gazette, Williamsburg, 419.
Gates, Horatio, serves under Braddock, 472;
Burgoyne surrenders to, 686;
defeated at Camden, 698.
Geography, physical, of Virginia, 426.
Germans settle valley of Shenandoah, 431.
Germanna, residence of Governor Spotswood, 381, 404.
Germantown, battle of, 685.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 19.
Gilbert, Bartholomew, 29.
Girty, Simon, 593.
Godwyn, Rev. Morgan, his account of church in Virginia, 277.
Gondomar, Count, 19, 169, 176.
Gooch, William, governor, 414;
commands Virginia regiment in Carthagena expedition, 417;
his character, 449;
his interview with dissenters, 440;
his measures against them, 441;
resigns, 448.
Gookin, Daniel, 164.
Gosnold, Bartholomew, 35;
his voyage to New England, 28;
his death, 43.
Governor, powers of, 350.
Gravesend, Pocahontas dies at, 120.
Greene, Nathaniel, General, 715.
Greenspring, plundered by rebels, 308;
assembly held at, 322.
Grenville, George, introduces stamp act, 538.
Griffin, Rev. C., 384.
Grymes, John, member of council, 446;
taken prisoner, 665.
Guilford, battle of, 718.
Gwynn's Island, Dunmore driven from, 665.
HAKLUYT, RICHARD, 115.
Hall, Carpenter's, congress meets in, 579.
Hamor, Ralph, visits Powhatan, 112.
Hampden Sydney College founded, 677.
Hanover presbytery, memorial of, 673.
Hansford, one of Bacon's adherents, executed, 314.
Hariot, Thomas, 23-4.
Harrison, Benjamin, of Surry, 654.
Harrison, Benjamin, of Brandon, member of first council under
republican constitution, 651.
Harrison, Jr., Benjamin, of Berkley, member of committee of
correspondence, 570;
delegate to congress, 681;
signer of Declaration, 652;
his family, 654-56.
Harrison, John, delegate in congress, 681.
Harvey, Sir John, governor, 182;
visits Calvert, 191;
gives away large tracts of Virginia territory, 193;
his corruption and tyranny, 193;
deposed and reinstated, 195.
Hatcher, William, 228.
Hawley, Major Joseph, of Massachusetts, 601.
Henrico, town of, 105.
Henry, Prince, 109.
Henry, Rev. Patrick, 521.
Henry, John, father of Patrick Henry the orator, 520;
his map of Virginia, 521.
Henry, Jr., Patrick, his speech in "Parsons' Cause," 515;
early life and education, 519;
his resolutions against stamp act, 538;
Mason's opinion of, 573;
member of convention, 538-42;
member of congress, 579;
his resolutions for putting colony in state of defence, 599;
his speech, 600;
captain of Hanover volunteers, 611;
recovers compensation for powder, 612;
Dunmore's proclamation against, 613;
his popularity, 614;
colonel of 1st Virginia regiment, 627;
resigns, 641;
indignation of troops, 641;
member of convention of 1776, 644;
elected first governor of independent Virginia, 650;
alleged scheme of making him dictator, 676.
Hill, Colonel Edward, (the elder,) speaker, 228;
defeated by Ricahecrians, 233;
re-elected speaker, 239;
disfranchised, 297;
his death, 361.
Hillsborough, Earl of, 558.
Hobkirk's Hill, battle of, 727.
Holloway, John, speaker, 415.
Hopkins, William, lawyer, 416.
Horrocks, Rev. James, 562.
Howard, Lord of Effingham, 337, 342.
Howe, Colonel, assumes command of Virginia troops at Great Bridge,
636;
occupies Norfolk, 638.
Howe, Sir William, evacuates Boston, 667.
Hudson River discovered, 60.
Huguenots, 369.
Hunt, Rev. Robert, 38, 43, 51, 52.
Hunter, Robert, appointed governor, captured during voyage, 375.
INDIANS, seen at Cape Henry, 39;
assault Jamestown, 42;
Smith captured by, 46;
tribes of, discovered by Smith, 47;
Smith erects fort as refuge from, 74;
manners and customs and character of, 85;
extermination of, 50, 167;
general act relating to, 255;
number of, in Virginia, 268-69;
incursions of, 280, 486, 492;
Piscataway besieged, 285;
murders committed by, 286;
tribe of, massacred by Bacon, 289;
Bacon marches against South-side tribes, 307;
Spotswood reduces tribes of, 380;
Captain McDowell slain by, 431;
treaty with Six Nations of, 433;
treaty of Lancaster, with, 433;
battle with, at Point Pleasant, 584;
Logan's speech, 590;
Boone's rencontres with, 595-98;
Cherokee sue for peace, 672.
Ingram succeeds Bacon, 313.
Innes, Colonel, 469, 496, 632, 710.
JAMES THE FIRST, king, issues letters patent, 35;
his cruel treatment of Raleigh, 134, 156;
jealous of Virginia Company, 169;
death of, 175.
James the Second succeeds to throne, 339;
his despotism, 341;
abdicates, 342.
Jamestown, landing at, 41;
assaulted by Indians, 42;
destroyed by fire, 51;
scarcity of provisions at, 75;
abandoned by colonists, 98;
they return to it 98;
church at, 101;
condition of, 124;
Bacon enters, 293;
situation of, 309;
burnt by rebels, 310;
seat of government removed from, 358.
Jarratt, Rev. Devereux, biographical sketch of, 563.
Jefferson, John, 172.
Jefferson, Peter, 604.
Jefferson, Thomas, meets with Patrick Henry, 524;
member of committee of correspondence, 570;
his "Summary View," 575;
notice of, 603;
marries Martha Skelton, 606;
author of preamble to Declaration of Rights, 650;
author of Declaration of Independence, 652;
member of committee of revisal, 676;
governor, 708-11;
attempt of British to capture, 732.
Jeffreys, Colonel Herbert, governor, 323;
his proceedings, 326-28;
succeeded by Chicheley, 328.
Jones, Rev. Hugo, 357, 382.
Jones, Joseph, delegate to congress, 681.
Jumonville, M. De, death of, 464.
KEMP, RICHARD, governor, 204.
Kent Island, 196.
Kenton, Simon, 593.
King's Mountain, battle of, 699.
Kinloch, Francis, 732.
Kiquotan, (Hampton,) 66, 104, 139, 319.
LA FAYETTE, MARQUIS DE LA, 722, 735, 737, 743, 747, 748, 751.
Land, grants of, 350.
Lane, Ralph, governor of Raleigh's colony, 23.
Laneville, 611.
Lancaster, treaty of, 433.
Laud, Archbishop, 189, 199.
Lawrence, Henry, 241.
Lawrence, Richard, 259, 294, 298-99, 302, 311, 316, 317.
Laydon, John, 65.
Lee, Richard, 264.
Lee, Richard Henry, his opinions on the "Two-Penny Act," 512;
a burgess, 537;
proposes separation of offices of speaker and treasurer, 544;
sketch of his early life, 577;
moves resolution of separation from Great Britain, 652;
biographical sketch of, 659;
charges against, 681;
he demands an inquiry, 682;
his defence and honorable acquittal, 682-84.
Lee, Francis Lightfoot, signer of Declaration, 652;
notice of, 662;
tenders his resignation as delegate in congress, 682.
Lee, Thomas Ludwell, member of committee of safety, 624.
Lee, Arthur, biographical sketch of, 701.
Lee, William, American commissioner at Vienna and Berlin, 704.
Lee, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry, biographical sketch of, 745.
Lee, General Charles, 664, 668, 688.
Leslie's invasion, 707.
Lewis, John, pioneer of Augusta, 428.
Lewis, Andrew, defeats Indians at Point Pleasant, 585-86;
sketch of, 588;
his brothers, 589;
appointed brigadier-general, 641;
expels Dunmore from Gwynn's Island, 665.
Lewis, Colonel Charles, killed at Point Pleasant, 585.
Loan office scheme, 539.
Logan, speech of, 590;
sketch of, 590-93;
his death, 706.
Loudoun, Lord, appointed governor-in-chief of Virginia, 500.
Loudoun, Fort, in Virginia, 494.
Loudoun, Fort, in Tennessee, 492.
Ludwell, Thomas, 264;
agent at London, 276;
his death, 358.
Ludwell, Colonel Philip, member of council, 291;
captures Giles Bland, 306;
quarrels with Jeffreys, 327;
sent to England to prefer complaints against Effingham, 342, 344.
Lyons, James, attorney for plaintiff in "Parsons' Cause," 516.
MADISON, CAPTAIN, 166.
Madison, Jr., James, biographical notice of, 704.
Makemie, Rev. Francis, 371.
Manhattan, 111, 151.
Manakintown, 370.
Manakin Indians, 289.
Marriage, the first in Virginia, 65.
Marshall, Colonel Thomas, 685.
Marshall, John, (chief justice,) 635, 713.
Mary's, St., in Maryland, settled, 190.
Mary's, Mount, St., settled by Gookin, 164.
Mason, George, draughts non-importation agreement, 558;
member of committee of safety, 624;
author of declaration (or bill) of rights, 648;
author of constitution of Virginia, 648;
member of committee of revisal, 676;
genealogy, 648.
Massacre of colonists by Indians in 1622, 160.
Massacre of colonists by Indians in 1644, 203.
Massacre of tribe of Indians by Bacon, 289.
Massawomeks, tribe of, 58.
Matthews, Captain Samuel, 209, 212;
governor, 234;
agent, 234, 236, 238;
his election as governor declared void, 238;
re-elected, 238.
Matthews, Thomas, 284.
McRoberts, Archibald, 566.
Maury, Rev. James, plaintiff in "Parsons' Cause," 515.
Maynard, Lieutenant, his engagement with Blackbeard, 396.
McDowell, Ephraim, 429.
McDowell, Captain John, 431.
Meade, Colonel Richard Kidder, aid-de-camp to Washington, 689;
the Meades of Virginia, 689.
Mechanics, condition of, 350.
Mecklenburg Declaration, 615.
Menendez, Pedro, 18.
Mercer, Colonel George, 487, 543.
Mercer, James, member of committee of safety, 624.
Mercer, General Hugh, mortally wounded near Princeton, 668;
notice of, 668-69.
Merchants, 350.
Methodists appear in Virginia, 562.
Middle Plantation, 188.
Minge, James, clerk of assembly, 281, 301.
Ministers, 249, 374, 696.
Monacan Indians, 63.
Monmouth, battle of, 688.
Monmouth's adherents sent to Virginia, 339.
Monongahela, battle of, 474.
Moore, Austin, of Chelsea, 387.
Moore, Bernard, of Chelsea, marries daughter of Governor Spotswood,
408.
Moore, Lucy, married to Speaker Robinson, 548.
Moore's Creek Bridge in North Carolina, battle of, 640.
Morgan, General Daniel, notice of, 686;
his victory at Cowpens, 715.
Morris, Samuel, dissenter in Hanover County, 439.
Morrison, Francis, governor, 252;
agent, 275.
Morquez, Pedro Menendez, explores Bay of Santa Maria, (Chesapeake,)
18.
Mounds in Virginia, 85.
NANSEMOND, 59.
Navigation act, 218, 248.
Navy, Virginia, 678.
Necessity, Fort, 465.
Neck, Northern, 248, 274.
Negroes introduced into Virginia, 144.
Negroes, number of, in 1649, 206.
Negroes, number of, in 1670, 272.
Negroes, number of, in 1714, 383.
Negroes, number of, in 1756, 494.
Negroes, duty on importation of, disallowed, 412.
Negroes, loss of, during British invasions, 733.
Nelson, President William, 654.
Nelson, Thomas, 653.
Nelson, Secretary Thomas, 651, 653, 747.
Nelson, Jr., General Thomas, his education, 653;
member of convention, 653;
member of congress, 653;
his letter urging independence, 645;
signer of Declaration, 652;
sketch of, 653;
his family, 653-54;
commands militia during Arnold's invasion, 710;
commands militia at siege of York, 747;
notice of him and his family, 653.
Nelson, Judge Hugh, of Belvoir, 731.
Newport, Captain, sails for Virginia, 38;
lands at Jamestown and explores the River Powhatan, 41;
visits Powhatan, 50;
returns to England, 53;
arrives with second supply, 61;
explores Monacan country, 63;
embarks for England, 65.
Nicholas, Robert Carter, elected treasurer, 547;
member of committee of correspondence, 624;
member of convention, 600, 602.
Nicholson, Colonel Francis, governor, 344;
succeeded by Andros, 347;
again governor, 358;
his tyranny, 358;
his complaints against Virginia, 363;
his speech to assembly, 365;
his controversy with Blair, 368;
is recalled, 369;
notice of his career, 369.
Non-importation agreement, 558.
Norfolk incorporated, 420;
burnt, 640.
Northy, Attorney-General, 367.
Norwood, Colonel, his voyage to Virginia, 213;
despatched by Sir William Berkley to Holland, 215.
Nott, Edward, governor, 375.
OHIO COMPANY, 452.
Opechancanough, captures Smith, 46;
seized by Smith, 71;
visits Jamestown, 124;
his hypocrisy, 161;
heads a second massacre, 203;
taken prisoner by Berkley, and dies, 204.
Opitchapan succeeds Powhatan, 130.
Orders, general, 642, 652.
Ovid translated at Jamestown by George Sandys, 152.
PAGE, JOHN, member of council, 347, 503.
Page, Matthew, 347.
Page, Mann, Jr., 682.
Page, John, of Rosewell, member of council, 614;
member of committee of safety, 624;
member of first council under the republican constitution, 651;
commands party of militia during Arnold's invasion, 712.
Pamunkey, or Pamaunkee, Indian name of York River, 47.
Pamunkey, residence of Opechancanough, 47.
Pamunkey Indians, 298.
Parishes, 371.
Parliament, Long, 199, 215.
"Parsons' Cause," 507.
Paspaheghs, 39, 103;
chief of, Smith's rencontre with, 73.
Patriot, the, capture of, 738.
Pendleton, Edmund, his early life and education, 535;
opposes Henry's resolutions, 541;
member of committee of correspondence, 570;
delegate to congress, 575;
member of committee of safety, 624;
president of convention, 644;
member of committee of revisal, 676.
Percy, Captain George, governor, 63, 66, 70, 73, 75, 97, 102.
Petersburg incorporated, 438;
skirmish at, 720;
General Phillips occupies, 720;
his death at, 722;
Arnold commands at, 722;
Cornwallis arrives at, 726.
Philadelphia, congress meets at, 579.
Phillips, General, prisoner of war, 694;
invades Virginia, 719;
commits devastations, 720-21;
his death, 722.
Pianketank, 59.
Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock, 144.
Pirates, act against, 360.
Pirate captured, 361.
Piscataway, siege of, 284.
Plague in London, 265.
Plantagenet Beauchamp, 210.
Plantation, Middle, 300, 358.
Plymouth, landing at, 144.
Pocahontas rescues Smith, 48;
entertains him with a dance, 62;
discloses to him a plot, 67;
made prisoner by Argall, 107;
John Rolfe marries, 109;
baptized, 115;
visits England, 116;
recommended to the queen by Smith, 118;
Smith's interview with, 118;
presented at court, 119;
her death, son, and descendants, 120, 122.
Point Pleasant, battle of, 582, 584.
Point Comfort, 59, 188.
Population of Colonies, 362, 383, 450.
Population of Virginia, 272.
Porterfield, Colonel, mortally wounded at Camden, 698.
Pory, John, 139, 172, 188.
Post-office, 348.
Potomac River, 56.
Pott, Dr. John, governor, convicted of stealing cattle, 182-83.
Powder, Dunmore's removal of, 607.
Powhatan, name of river and seat, 41, 42.
Powhatan Indians, confederacy of, 269.
Powhatan, Indian chief, visited by Newport and Smith, 41, 49;
releases Smith, 48;
coronation of, 63;
Smith visits, at Werowocomoco, 65;
"Powhatan's Chimney," built for him by English, 68;
Werowocomoco his residence, 68;
consents to marriage of Pocahontas, 109;
Hamor's interview with, 112;
death of, and character, 129.
Presbyterianism, origin of, in Hanover, 439.
Preston, 432, 491.
Pretender, 437.
Printing in Virginia, 273, 418, 419.
Puritans, English, come over to Virginia, 144.
Puritan ministers from New England visit Virginia, 302.
QUAKERS, 244, 261, 396.
Quiqoughcohanocks, chief of, 39.
RALEIGH, SIR WALTER, his efforts to colonize Virginia, 21;
introduces tobacco at court, 25;
anecdotes of his using tobacco, 25, 153;
notice of his life and death, 132-36.
Raleigh, Lady, 133, 134, 135.
Raleigh, City of, in Virginia, chartered, 26.
Raleigh, the, 573.
Randolph, Sir John, speaker, 420;
his death, 424.
Randolph, William, 424.
Randolph, Peyton, king's attorney-general, 535;
replied to by Davies, 447;
opposes Henry's resolutions, 542;
speaker of house of burgesses, 630;
delegate to congress, 575;
president of congress, 579;
member of committee of correspondence, 624;
his death, 629.
Randolph genealogy, 629.
Randolph, John, attorney-general, 630.
Randolph, Edmund, 630.
Randolph, Beverley, 630.
Randolph, John, of Roanoke, 630.
Randolph, the frigate, blown up, 688.
Rappahannock River, 57.
Ratcliffe, John, 39, 43, 45, 53, 65.
Read, Colonel Clement, member of convention of 1775-6, 625.
Reekes, Stephen, pilloried, 199.
Revenue, 353.
Revolt threatened, 275.
Ricahecrians, Colonel Edward Hill defeated by, 199, 233.
Rice, Rev. Dr. John H., 82.
Richmond, town of, laid off, 421;
incorporated, 433;
convention meets at, 599;
seat of government removed to, 710;
entered by Arnold, 710.
Roanoke Island, 22, 23, 26, 226.
Roanoke River, 24.
Roanoke, or Rawrenoke, Indian shell-money, 56, 113.
Roanoke, John Randolph of, 631.
Robinson, John, president, 449.
Robinson, John, Jr., speaker, 535;
his defalcation, 544, 546;
his family, 548.
Rockbridge County, first settlers of, 423.
Rolfe, John, marries Pocahontas, 109;
member of council, 139.
Rolfe, Thomas, son of Pocahontas, 122.
Rolfe, Henry, 122.
Rolfe, Jane, marries Colonel Robert Bolling, 122.
SAFETY, committee of, 624.
Sandy Creek expedition, 489.
Sandys, Sir Edwin, 144, 149, 151, 176.
Sandys, George, treasurer in Virginia, 151;
translates Ovid at Jamestown, 152.
Scarburgh, Edmund, excites disturbances in Eastern Shore, 226;
his proceedings as surveyor-general in establishing boundary
line, 259.
Scarburgh, Colonel John, 342.
School, East India, 158.
Scotch-Irish settlers of Western Virginia, 423, 429.
Sea-Venture, the, 77, 94.
Secretary, office of, 352.
Shakespeare's Tempest, 99.
Shenandoah River, 389.
Shenandoah valley, 425, 431, 505.
Sheriffs, 353.
Sherwood, Grace, tried for witchcraft, 382.
Shirley, 107, 126.
Silk in Virginia, 158.
Simcoe, Lieutenant-Colonel, 722, 729, 735.
Six Nations, treaty with, 433.
Slaves, baptism of, 267.
Slavery, negro, remarks on, 145, 528.
Smith, Sir Thomas, treasurer of Virginia Company, 37.
Smith, Robert, 264, 266.
Smith, Captain John, his early life and adventures, 30, 34;
his life in jeopardy at Isle of Mevis, 38;
one of council of Virginia, 39;
excluded from council, 41;
restored to council, 43;
has charge of colony, 44;
explores the country, 45;
taken prisoner by Opechancanough, 46;
rescued by Pocahontas, 48;
explores Chesapeake, 55;
president, 60;
his energetic administration, 64;
visits Powhatan, 66;
seizes Opechancanough, 71;
encounters chief of Paspahegh, 73;
builds fortlet on Ware Creek, 74;
his efforts to quell disorders, 80;
his return to England, 80;
descendants still living in England, 83;
his epitaph, 83.
Somers, Sir George, 35, 77, 94, 97, 102.
South Carolina solicits aid from Virginia, 391.
Southampton, Earl of, treasurer of Virginia Company, 149, 175-77.
Sovereignty, declaration of, 238.
Spencer, Nicholas, president, 336.
Spilman, Henry, 141.
Spotswood, Alexander, governor, his lineage and early career, 378;
dissolves assembly, 379;
assists North Carolina, 380;
establishes Indian school, 384;
visits Christanna, 385;
his Tramontane expedition, 387;
institutes Tramontane order, 390;
his disputes with burgesses, 393-99;
he dissolves assembly, 394;
complaints against, 398;
displaced, 404;
review of his administration, 404;
manufacturer of iron, 405;
subsequent career, death, and family, 404-10.
Stamp act, 534, 538, 543;
repeal of, 544.
Staunton incorporated, 438.
St. John's Church, 599.
Starlins, Captain, 738.
"Starving Time" at Jamestown, 93.
State House, Philadelphia, congress meets in, 618.
Statistics, 206, 271, 331, 349, 382, 443, 471.
Steg, Thomas, 216.
"Stint" of tobacco, 265.
Stith, Rev. William, president of College of William and Mary, and
author of History of Virginia, 437, 482.
Stobo, Captain, 467-68, 504.
Stone House, the old, on Ware Creek, 74.
Stone, deputy governor of Maryland, 228.
Strachey, William, 102, 106.
Stratford, 577.
Stuart, house of, 243.
Studley, birth-place of Patrick Henry, 519.
Stukely, Sir Lewis, 122.
Stuyvesant, Peter, Berkley's reply to, 246.
Suffolk burnt by the British, 697.
Summer Islands, 102, 109.
Surrender of Virginia to Commonwealth of England, 217.
Surrender of Burgoyne, 686.
Surrender of Cornwallis, 749.
Swift, Dean, desires to be bishop of Virginia, 377, 562.
Swift Run Gap, 388.
Syme, Colonel John, 519.
TABB, JOHN, member of committee of safety, 624.
Tarleton, Lieutenant-Colonel, 715, 729, 731, 734, 750.
Tayloe, John, member of first council under republican constitution,
651.
Tea, duty on, 568.
Tempest, Shakespeare's, 99.
Temple, Colonel Benjamin, 713.
Thompson, Rev. John, 409.
Tobacco, or Uppowoc, how used by Indians, 24;
Lane introduces into England, 25;
anecdotes of Raleigh's smoking, 25, 153;
culture of, commenced by colonists, 117;
new mode of curing, 125;
cultivation of, discouraged by government, 151;
James the First's aversion to, and his "Counterblast," 153-57;
Charles the First affects monopoly of, 180;
sole staple of Virginia, 181;
"stint" of, 265;
low price of, 281, 332;
plant-cutting, 333;
revenue from, 331;
"Two-Penny Act," 507;
destroyed by the British, 733.
Toleration act, 373.
Tomocomo, 119.
"Two-Penny Act," 507.
Totopotomoi, 233.
Trade, free, established, 245.
Tuckahoe-root, 75, 87.
Tuckahoe, a seat on James River, 604, 631.
Tuckahoes, a name given to inhabitants of Eastern Virginia, 424.
Tucker, St. George, 672.
Tyler, John, revolutionary patriot, 723.
Tyler, John, President, 724.
UTTOMATTOMAKKIN, 119.
VALLEY OF VIRGINIA, first settlers of, 423, 429, 488.
Valley Forge, Washington at, 687.
Van Braam, Jacob, 461, 466, 468, 504.
Varina, 104-5.
Vernon, Admiral, 417.
Vernon, Mount, 417, 505.
Vestries, 354.
Virginia, state and condition of, 349;
opposes stamp act, 538;
becomes independent, 648.
Virginia, name given by Queen Elizabeth, 22.
Virginians, habits of, 495.
WADDELL, REV. JAMES, "the Blind Preacher," 521.
Walker, Dr., 731.
Walker, John, 731-32.
Wallace, Rev. Caleb, 674.
Washington, Colonel John, a burgess, 281;
commands militia at siege of Piscataway Fort, 285.
Washington, Captain Lawrence, 417, 452;
his views on religious freedom, 454;
in Carthagena expedition, 417.
Washington, George, his lineage, 457;
early life, 457;
surveyor, 458-59;
major, 460;
despatched on mission through wilderness, 461;
lieutenant-colonel, 465;
surprises French party, 464;
surrenders at Fort Necessity, 466;
resigns, 470;
aide-de-camp to Braddock, 472;
heroism at battle of Monongahela, 477;
his account of the defeat, 479;
commander-in-chief of Virginia forces, 486;
visits Boston, 487;
Dinwiddie's correspondence with, 496;
member of assembly, 503;
marries, 503;
receives thanks of assembly, 504;
reports non-importation agreement, 558;
attends meeting of burgesses, 571;
member of congress, 575, 580;
chosen commander-in-chief by congress, 621;
his conduct of affairs during revolutionary war, 665-68, 686-87,
742, 746, 748, 751.
Washington, Colonel William, 716, 718-744.
Washington College founded, 677.
Weedon, General George, 685.
Werowocomoco, 48, 66, 71-2, 108, 129-30.
West Point, 126, 313, 316, 320, 327.
West, Captain John, 195.
West, Francis, Governor, 180.
West, Sir Thomas, Lord Delaware, 96.
Whitaker, Rev. Alexander, 106, 109, 115, 117.
White, Captain John, Governor of City of Raleigh, in Virginia, 26.
Whitefield preaches at Williamsburg, 438, 445.
William and Mary proclaimed in Virginia, 343.
William and Mary College, 345-47, 361-64, 376, 437.
William the Third, death of, 362;
succeeded by Anne, 362.
Williamsburg, City of, seat of government removed to, 358;
descriptions of, 444, 502;
disturbances at, 607;
Cornwallis quartered at, 735;
La Fayette quartered at, 743.
Winchester first settled, 427, 493.
Wingfield, Edward Maria, first president of council, 41, 43.
Winston, Sarah, mother of Patrick Henry, 519.
Winston, William, 520.
Withe, artist, 23-4.
Wives for colonists, 146.
Woodford, Colonel William, appointed to command second Virginia
regiment, 627;
sent against Dunmore, 633;
refuses to acknowledge Colonel Henry's superiority in command,
633;
has command at battle of Great Bridge, 635.
Wormley, Captain Ralph, 214.
Wormley, Ralph, 610, 645.
Wythe, George, a burgess, 537;
biographical sketch of, 656.
YEARDLEY, SIR GEORGE, Governor, 117, 180.
Yeardley, Lady Temperance, 180.
Yeardley, Captain Francis, his letter to Ferrar, 226;
Roanoke Indians visit, 226;
purchases territory in North Carolina, 227.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
Chapters LXXV. and LXXXIX. are very similar in content. They appear as
in the original.
The following words use an oe ligature in the original:
coeperunt manoeuvring
Contrecoeur Phoenix
manoeuvre proelium
The following corrections have been made to the text:
Page 44: all further effort abandoned[original has abadoned]
in despair
Page 59: Skirmishing here with the[original has ths]
Chesapeakes
Page 76: indued with arbitrary[original has arbitary] power
Page 85: their stone arrow-points, tomahawks[original has
tomakawks], pipes
Page 160: This Nemattanow[original has Nemattenow] coming to
the store
Page 166: [original has extraneous quotation mark]In New
England it was said
Page 171: Upon his return to England, in 1618[original has
1518]
Page 179: Acts relative to Ministers, Agriculture, Indians,
etc.[period missing in original]
Page 254: "those excellent and oft-refined laws of
England."[quotation mark missing in original]
Page 301: in equipoise, [original has extraneous quotation
mark]the gunner
Page 303: the case of Sir John Harvey.[period missing in
original]
Page 364: CHAPTER XLV.[original has LXV.]
Page 385: interpreter of fifteen[original has fifteeen] of
their young
Page 385: "[quotation mark missing in original]they were
obliged to provide
Page 423: CHAPTER LVI.[original has LIV.]
Page 423: suffered pre-eminently[original has space instead of
hyphen]
Page 424: some time subsequent to the year 1670[original has
1760]
Page 468: Washington,[original has Washingington] who had
shortly before
Page 593: he joined not in open battle.[period missing in
original]
Page 622: "[original has single quote]When shall we three meet
again
Page 646: the bulk of the people."[quotation mark missing in
original]
Page 650: frowns of the great."[quotation mark missing in
original]
Page 681: Captain[original has Capture] Pasture, in the Molly
Page 693: CHAPTER XCIV.[original has XCVI.]
Page 753, under Assembly of Virginia: Botetourt
dissolves,[comma missing in original] 557
Page 754, under Bacon, Nathaniel, Sr.: president of council,
344.[period missing in original]
Page 756: Christanna, Fort, 384.[period missing in original]
Page 758, under Harvey, Sir John: deposed and
reinstated,[comma missing in original] 195.
Page 759: Lancaster, treaty of, 433.[original has comma]
Page 760: Massawomeks[original has Massawomecks], tribe of,
58.
Page 762: Quiqoughcohanocks[original has Quiyoughcohanocks],
chief of, 39.
Page 764: Stukely[original has Stukeley], Sir Lewis, 122.
Footnote [213:A] Hening, i.[period missing in original] 360.
Footnote [266:A] Pepys'[original has Pepy's] Diary, ii.
Footnote [360:B] Matthew Page, and Benjamin[original has
Beujamin] Harrison
Footnote [512:C] by the Rev.[period missing in original]
Andrew Burnaby, A.M., Vicar of Greenwich
Footnote [567:A] published in several volumes.[period missing
in original]
Footnote [617:A] Revolut. Hist. of N. C.[period missing in
original]
Footnote [650:A] Convention of '76, p. 157.[period missing in
original]