Footnote 602:
See, for example, Herodotus’s _History_, Bk. I., chaps. 181, 182. See
pp. 111 f., _supra_.
Footnote 603:
Herodotus’s _History_, Bk. I., chap. 199.
Footnote 604:
See Deut. 25 : 1–9. See, also, chapter on “Sacred Prostitution” in
Wake’s _Serpent Worship_; and Professor W.M. Ramsay’s “Holy City of
Phrygia,” in _Contemporary Review_ for October, 1893.
Footnote 605:
See, for example, Squier’s _Serpent Symbol_; Forling’s _Rivers of
Life_; Westropp’s and Wake’s _Ancient Symbol Worship_; Knight’s
_Worship of Priapus_; Jennings’s _Phallicism_; Frazer’s _Golden
Bough_; Monier-Williams’s _Brahmanism and Hinduism_, and his
_Buddhism_; Griffis’s _Religions of Japan_, etc.
Footnote 606:
See, for example, in addition to the books just cited, Fergusson’s
_Tree and Serpent Worship_; Ohnefalach-Richter’s _Kypros, die Bibel
und Homer_; Hopkins’s _Religions of India_, pp. 527 f., 533, 540, 542.
Footnote 607:
See Dr. E.B. Tyler’s article on “The Winged Figures of the Assyrian
and other Ancient Monuments,” in _Proceedings of the Soc. of Bib.
Arch._, XII., Part 8, pp. 383–393; Dr. Bonavia’s articles on “Sacred
Trees,” in _Babylonian and Oriental Record_, III., Nos. 1–4; IV., Nos.
4, 5; and De Lacouperie’s articles on Trees, _ibid._, IV., Nos. 5, 10,
11.
Footnote 608:
See, for example, Ohnefalach-Richter’s _Kypros_, Tafel-Band, pl.
lxxxii., figures 7, 8; Donaldson’s _Architectural Medals of Classic
Antiquity_, pp. 105–109; Von Löher and Joyner’s _Cyprus: Historical
and Descriptive_, p. 153 f., Perrot and Chipiez’s _History of Art in
Phœnicia and Cyprus_, I., 123, 276 f., 281, 284, 331 f.; W. Robertson
Smith’s _Religion of the Semites_, p. 191.
Footnote 609:
Compare W. Robertson’s Smith’s _Religion of the Semites_, p. 437 f.
Footnote 610:
Exod. 34 : 12–15; Deut. 7 : 5.
Footnote 611:
Deut. 16 : 21, 22.
Footnote 612:
There seems, indeed, to be a connection between the Hebrew words,
_miphtan_, “threshold,” and _pethen_, “asp,” “adder,” or “serpent,” as
first pointed out to me by Mr. Montague Cockle. Although the verbal
root is not preserved in the Hebrew, there is no valid reason for
doubting that they go back to the same root. In Arabic, the verb is
preserved as _pathana_, “to tempt.” Its derivatives indicate the same
meaning. This would seem to confirm the connection of the primitive
threshold, the serpent, and temptation. In Leland’s _Etruscan Roman
Remains_ (p. 131 f.) are citations from several ancient works, and
references to current Italian traditions, showing the supposed
connection of the serpent with the threshold, the phallus, and married
life, that are in obvious confirmation of the views here expressed.
Footnote 613:
See p. 109 f., _supra_; also, Schrader’s _Keilinschriftliche
Bibliothek_, Vol. III., Pt. 2, p. 72 f.
Footnote 614:
See, for example, Rawlinson’s _Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western
Asia_, III., p. 45.
Footnote 615:
See Erman’s _Life in Anc. Egypt_, p. 60.
Footnote 616:
_Ibid._, p. 259, vignette illustration.
Footnote 617:
See Wilkinson’s _Anc. Egypt._, III., 235, pl. lv., fig. 2. Prisse’s
_Mon. Egypt_, pl. xxxvii.; also Layard’s _Nineveh and its Remains_, p.
169 (Am. ed.), and W. Max Müller’s _Asien und Europa_, p. 314.
Footnote 618:
See Perrot and Chipiez’s _History of Art in Chaldea and Assyria_, I.,
349 f. See, also, Layard’s _Monuments_, Series ii., pl. 5, for
representation of the conflict between Marduk and Tiamat. The serpent
is there shown on the feminine Tiamat where it appears on the
masculine Nergal.
Footnote 619:
See Maspero’s _Dawn of Civilization_, pp. 690–696; Sayce’s _Relig. of
Anc. Babylonia_, p. 286.
Footnote 620:
See Sayce’s _Relig. of Anc. Babylonia_, pp. 281–283; Wilkinson’s _Anc.
Egypt._, III., 141–155; Fergusson’s _Tree and Serpent Worship_, pp.
5–72; Squier’s _Serpent Symbol_, pp. 137–254; Réville’s _Native
Religions of Mexico and Peru_, pp. 29–32, 53, 166.
Footnote 621:
See Wilkins’s _Hindu Mythology_, p. 99.
Footnote 622:
See Wilkins’s _Hindu Mythology_, p. 218.
Footnote 623:
Maurice’s _Indian Antiq._, V. 182 f.
Footnote 624:
_Ibid._, V.
Footnote 625:
See frontispiece of Sir Monier Monier-Williams’s Buddhism; see, also,
Fergusson’s article on “The Amravati Tope” in “Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society,” Vol. III., Pt. 1, pp. 132–166.
Footnote 626:
See Keightley’s _Mythology_, art. “Phœbus-Apollo.”
Footnote 627:
See “Æsculapius,” in Smith’s _Classical Dictionary_.
Footnote 628:
See Herodotus’s _History_, Bk. IX., chap. 81.
Footnote 629:
See “Gorgones,” in Smith’s _Classical Dictionary_.
Footnote 630:
See, for example, Maurice’s _Indian Antiquities_; Fergusson’s _Tree
and Serpent Worship_; Forlong’s _Rivers of Life_, I., 93–322; Wake’s
_Serpent Worship_, pp. 81–106.
Footnote 631:
Gen. 3 : 7, 10–13, 16.
Footnote 632:
See, for example, Psa. 128 : 3; Prov. 3 : 18; 11 : 30; Ezek. 19 : 10.
Footnote 633:
See, for example, Gen. 30 : 2; Deut. 7 : 13; 28 : 4, 18, 53; 30 : 9;
Psa. 127 : 3; 132 : 11; Song of Songs 4 : 16; Isa. 13 : 18; Micah 6 :
7; Acts 2 : 30.
Footnote 634:
See, for example, Gen. 4 : 1, 17, 25; 38 : 26; Judg. 11 : 39; 19 : 25;
1 Sam. 1 : 19; 1 Kings 1 : 4; Matt. 1 : 25.
Footnote 635:
Gen. 3 : 1–13.
Footnote 636:
See, for example, Philo Judæus’s _Works_, “On the Creation,” I.,
53–60; “On the Allegories of the Sacred Laws,” I., 15–20; “Questions
and Solutions,” I., 31–41.
Footnote 637:
See, for example, _Midrasch Bereschit Rabba_, pararshah 18, § 6, in
comments on Gen. 2 : 25; Weber’s _Die Lehren d. Talmud_ (ed. 1866),
pp. 210–213.
Footnote 638:
See Clement of Alexandria’s _Miscellanies_, III., 17; also Irenæus’s
_Against Heresies_, I., 30.
Footnote 639:
Gen. 3 : 14, 15.
Footnote 640:
Compare Num. 21 : 4–9; 2 Kings 18 : 4; John 3 : 14, 15.
Footnote 641:
Gen. 3 : 22–24.
Footnote 642:
Rev. 20 : 1, 2.
Footnote 643:
_Ibid._, 21 : 1–27; 22 : 1, 2.
Footnote 644:
_Ibid._, 22 : 14, 15.
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