Kempner. _See_ Rabinowitsch
Kilborne. _See_ Smith
Kitasato. _See_ Behring
Kitashima. _See_ Behring
Klebs, 514
Klecki (von), 44
Klein, 324
Klemensiewicz and Escherich, 443
Klemperer, 271, 356, 411, 441, 449
Klipstein, 170
Knorr, 361, 362, 370, 375, 378, 383, 392, 443
Knorr. _See_ Behring
Koch, 137, 247, 278, 279, 283, 419, 425, 434, 436, 466, 514, 529
Kolle and Turner, 466, 467
Kolle. _See_ Delius, Pfeiffer
Kondratieff, 365
Kossel, 110, 121, 183
Kossel. _See_ Ehrlich
Kossiakoff, 25
Kovalevsky, 41, 133, 134, 209
Krafft-Ebing, 436
Krajouchkine, 465
Kraus and Seng, 258
Kraus. _See_ Biedl
Kretz, 371
Krikliwy, 46
Krompecher, 83
Krönig. _See_ Menge
Krukenberg, 30, 49, 55
Kübler, 458
Kupffer, 75
Kuprianow, 204, 340
Kurt, 499
Laehr, 413
Landouzy and Griffon, 451
Landsteiner, 100
Lang, Heymans and Masoin, 363
Langhans, 73, 84
Laschtschenko, 188
Laurent, 33, 35, 86
Laveran and Mesnil, 173, 248, 316
Lazarus, 272, 441
Lazarus. _See_ Ehrlich
Leber, 79, 96
Leclainche, 475, 476
Leclainche. _See_ Nocard
Leclainche and Vallée, 107, 171, 472, 523
Leclef. _See_ Denys
Le Dantec, 13
Lefèvre. _See_ Charrin
Leishman. _See_ Wright
Leo and Senator, 66
Lépine, 564
Lermoyez. _See_ Wurtz
Lesage, 47
Le Sourd. _See_ Widal
Leube, 67
Levaditi, 223
Levin, 159
Lewes, 53
Lewin, 337, 338
Lignières, 247, 279
Lindemann, 68
Lingelsheim, 193, 244, 312
Lister, 521, 530, 568
Loeffler, 7, 283, 513
Loeffler and Abel, 267
Löhr, 500
Lombard, 396
London, 94
Lorenz, 475
Löw. _See_ Emmerich
Lubarsch, 141, 151, 184, 529
Lustig and Galeotti, 490
Madsen, 349, 350
Madsen. _See_ Salomonsen
Magnin. _See_ Charrin
Maksutow. _See_ Pawlowsky
Malm, 149
Manfredi, 428
Mankowski. _See_ Podwyssozki
Marchand, 167
Marchand. _See_ Denys
Marchoux, 240, 276, 309, 311
Marie, 331, 382, 465
Marinesco, 75
Marmorek, 243, 312
Martel, 150, 159
Martin and Cherry, 361
Marx, 465, 476, 497
Marx. _See_ Pfeiffer
Masoin. _See_ Heymans, Lang
Massart, 34, 38, 39, 79, 281
Mastbaum. _See_ Emmerich
Mattei (di). _See_ Emmerich
Maupas, 16
Mehring. _See_ Hirsch
Melkich. _See_ Sawtchenko
Mendez, 470
Menge and Krönig, 429, 430
Mesnil, 55, 75, 78, 135, 139, 141, 143, 188, 209, 221, 238, 262, 270,
305, 307, 527
Mesnil. _See_ Laveran
Metchnikoff, 31, 55, 69, 70, 73, 100, 101, 116, 131, 137, 138, 146,
149, 151, 153, 154, 156, 160, 163, 180, 181, 185, 214, 221, 227,
237, 239, 241, 256, 259, 266, 271, 275, 286, 287, 290, 302, 304,
311, 377, 382, 385, 393, 396, 405, 426, 441, 520, 521, 522, 531,
532, 534
Metchnikoff (Mme), 20, 159, 193
Métin, 44
Miller, 414, 415, 418
Mitchell, 423
Morax and Elmassian, 409
Morgenroth, 109, 119, 331
Morgenroth. _See_ Ehrlich
Morishima, 390
Morse, 412
Mouton, 15
Moxter, 101, 185, 199
Müller, 17, 89, 114, 233
Myers, 68, 107
Myers. _See_ Stephens
Neal. _See_ Davenport
Néfédieff, 68
Neisser, 194, 196
Neisser and Wechsberg, 205, 298, 349, 359
Nencki, 419, 424, 427
Nencki and Sieber, 109, 355
Nencki, Sieber and Wyznikiewicz, 468
Netter, 503
Nicolas and Courmont, 353
Nicolas, Courmont and Prat, 353
Nicolle and Adil Bey, 279, 468
Nikanoroff, 348
Nissen. _See_ Behring
Nittis (de), 277, 288
Nocard, 148, 279, 494
Nocard and Leclainche, 461
Nocard and Roux, 130, 466, 478, 479, 569
Nolf, 94, 96
Nowakowski, 12
Nuttall, 107, 138, 150, 184, 192, 525, 527
Nuttall and Dinkelspiel, 107
Oken, 337
Opitz, 43, 44
Oppel, 231
Orlowski, 443, 444
Pagel, 507
Panum, 514
Pasteur, 2, 181, 208, 288, 322, 477, 508, 510, 511, 569
Pasteur, Chamberland and Roux, 469
Pasteur and Joubert, 144
Pasteur, Roux and Grancher, 208
Pasteur and Thuillier, 283, 473
Patella, 97
Pawloff, 59, 62, 65, 427
Pawlowsky, 44, 323
Pawlowsky and Maksutow, 348
Peiper. _See_ Beumer
Péré, 26
Pernossi. _See_ Fermi
Petruschky, 138
Pfaundler, 259
Pfeffer, 27, 38, 79
Pfeiffer, 130, 165, 185, 219, 221, 267, 269, 271, 277, 290, 301, 303,
320, 365, 438, 455, 532, 533, 534
Pfeiffer and Issaeff, 212, 533
Pfeiffer and Kolle, 230, 267, 274, 302, 319, 481
Pfeiffer and Marx, 185, 264, 291, 442
Pfeiffer and Proskauer, 253
Phisalix, 387, 425
Phisalix and Bertrand, 333, 337, 338, 345, 347
Pierallini, 218, 219
Plato, 181
Podwyssozki, 77
Podwyssozki and Mankowski, 456
Pollender, 11
Ponfick, 46
Portier, 96
Prat. _See_ Nicolas
Preobrajensky, 431
Prevôt, 374
Proskauer. _See_ Pfeiffer
Rabinowitsch and Kempner, 248, 316
Ransom, 351, 379, 382, 389
Ranvier, 409
Rauchfuss, 501
Recklinghausen (von), 514
Recklinghausen. _See_ Hoffmann
Remlinger, 447, 450
Répin, 420
Rhumbler, 15
Ribbert, 413, 428, 524
Richet and Héricourt, 266, 532
Rindfleisch, 514
Rochebrune (de), 506
Röden, 109
Roger, 243, 257, 287
Roger. _See_ Charrin
Roger and Bayeux, 414
Rogers, 468
Römer, 401
Roncali, 170
Roser, 515, 516
Ross, 129
Rossbach, 95
Rouget. _See_ Vaillard
Rousse. _See_ Decroly
Roux, 156, 347, 358, 497, 498, 530
Roux. _See_ Nocard, Pasteur
Roux (W.), 565
Roux and Borrel, 340, 383, 386, 391
Roux and Chamberland, 530
Roux and Vaillard, 347, 355, 356, 357, 367, 379, 432, 493
Roux and Yersin, 343
Ruffer, 427, 428, 523
Rysselberghe (van), 37, 39
Sabouraud, 406
Sabrazès and Colombot, 135
Sakharoff, 160, 177
Salimbeni, 222, 245, 261, 478
Salimbeni. _See_ Calmette
Salmon, 455
Salomon, 418
Salomonsen, 19
Salomonsen and Madsen, 346, 356, 370, 379, 380
Saltykoff, 272
Samoïloff, 63
Sanarelli, 262, 287, 415
Sanchez-Toledo, 170
Sarassewitch, 195
Sawtchenko, 21, 99, 156, 162, 227, 240, 260, 270
Sawtchenko and Melkich, 162, 227
Schattenfroh, 172, 188, 196
Schepilewsky. _See_ Kempner
Schiff, 62
Schimmelbusch, 42
Schoumow-Simanowski. _See_ Sieber
Schumacher, 451
Schütz, 283, 422
Schütz. _See_ Voges
Schütze, 107, 114
Schütze. _See_ Wassermann
Sclavo, 276, 310
Selander, 290
Senator. _See_ Leo
Seng. _See_ Kraus
Serpa Pinto, 506
Shaffer, 42
Sicard. _See_ Widal
Sieber. _See_ Nencki
Sieber and Schoumow-Simanowski, 419, 424
Skchiwan, 172
Slateano, 277
Slawyk, 501
Smith, 259
Smith and Kilborne, 247, 279
Sobernheim, 242, 276, 310, 441
Sobernheim. _See_ Fränkel
Soudakewitch, 75
Soulié, 460
Stadelmann, 97
Stahl, 30, 31
Stein, 12
Stephens and Myers, 360
Stern, 419, 542
Sticker, 411
Stöhr, 428
Stoudensky, 388, 394
Strassman, 499
Straus and Wurz, 417, 418
Stroganoff, 429
Takaki. _See_ Wassermann
Talma, 424
Tarassewitch, 86, 87, 98, 99
Tchistovitch, 68, 75, 106, 110, 120, 121, 122, 283, 413
Thiltges, 145, 147
Thomas, 452
Thomas. _See_ Arloing
Thomson and Hewlett, 410
Thuillier. _See_ Pasteur
Tizzoni, 357, 446
Tooth, 484
Torday, 498
Toussaint, 509
Trapeznikoff, 139, 145
Traube and Gscheidlen, 184
Trommsdorff, 23, 189
Trumpp, 261
Turner. _See_ Kolle
Uhlenhuth, 68, 107
Vaillard, 204, 335, 347, 356, 372, 447
Vaillard. _See_ Roux
Vaillard and Rouget, 169, 170
Vaillard and Vincent, 169, 394
Vallée, 289, 425
Vallée. _See_ Leclainche
Velde (van de). _See_ Denys
Viala, 465
Vincent. _See_ Vaillard
Vincenzi, 443
Virchow, 48, 519, 524
Voges, 238, 272
Voges and Schütz, 475
Voisin and Guinon, 502
Vries (de), 35
Wagner, 144
Waldeyer, 514
Wallgren, 168
Walter, 64
Walz, 193
Warlomont, 456
Washbourn, 485
Wassermann, 115, 191, 205, 231, 234, 273, 317, 318, 319, 322, 351, 358,
371, 441
Wassermann. _See_ Ehrlich
Wassermann and Schütze, 107
Wassermann and Takaki, 292, 382, 394
Wassilieff, 65
Watson-Cheyne, 323
Weber-Fechner, 27, 38, 566
Wechsberg. _See_ Neisser
Wecker, 502
Wehrmann, 417, 419, 424
Weichhardt, 118, 124
Weigert, 363, 379, 399, 424, 523
Werigo, 281
Wernicke, 276, 446, 447
Widal, 257
Widal. _See_ Chantemesse
Widal and Le Sourd, 439
Widal and Sicard, 260, 261, 264, 439, 440, 450
Wood. _See_ Woodhead
Woodhead and Wood, 323
Wright, 482
Wright and Leishman, 482
Wunschheim. _See_ Fischl
Wurtz and Lermoyez, 410
Wurz. _See_ Straus
Wyssokowitch, 43, 412, 485
Wyznikiewicz. _See_ Nencki
Yersin, 468
Yersin. _See_ Roux
Yersin, Borrel and Calmette, 487
Zabolotny, 95
Zeliony. _See_ Zilberberg
Ziegler, 519, 522
Zilberberg and Zeliony, 282
INDEX.
Abrin, 344, 345, 346, 401
Abrin intoxication, action of body fluids on, 365, 420;
leucocytic reaction against, 393, 401
Absorption. _See_ Resorption
Acari, mechanical action of, 3
Acclimatisation. _See_ Adaptation
Acid reaction inside phagocytes, 83, 182
Acid, secretion of, in osmosis, 37, 566
Acidophile microbian flora of stomach, 418
Actinians, digestion in, 53, 82, 85
Actinodiastase, 57, 197
_Actinophrys_, 14, 18
Adaptation. _See also_ Immunity
Adaptation to toxic substances, 21–27, 30, 342, 390;
to saline solutions, 23, 30, 515;
to physical conditions, 26, 30–31;
of plasmodia to arsenious acid, 31;
of pancreatic secretion to kind of food, 64, 65;
of phagocytes to destroy micro-organisms, 281, 558, 566;
of animals to spinal concussion, etc., 564;
of cells, 513
Addiment (syn. Complement), 95
Agglutination in natural immunity, 202, 206;
and phagocytosis, 202, 242, 245;
in the diagnosis of typhoid, 256, 257, 261, 439;
its mechanism, 257;
of red blood corpuscles by serums, 258;
of red blood corpuscles by ricin, 360;
does not prevent growth of micro-organisms, 262
Agglutinative power, transmission by heredity or suckling, 450;
not developed parallel with bactericidal power, 483
Agglutinins in immunity, 242, 245, 256–265, 295, 542, 559;
characters of, 255, 559;
origin of, in immunised animal, 263–265, 294;
difference between fixatives and, 255, 265, 559;
not the same as protective substances, 268, 269, 294
Albuminoid substances, resorption of, 106–127
Alexins. _See also_ Cytases
Alexins, 87–95, 96, 98, 184, 193, 255, 528, 533, 535, 539
Alimentary canal. _See_ Intestine
Alizarin sulpho-acid, 13, 83, 183
Alligator, 77, 143, 332, 401
Amboceptors (syn. fixatives), 91, 93, 297, 557
_Ammocoetes_, 77, 78
_Amoeba_, 14, 18, 23, 547, 549
Amoebo-diastase, 16, 197, 549
Amoeboid cells. _See_ Leucocytes and Phagocytes
Amphibia. _See_ Frog, Axolotl
Amylase, 95;
in the urine, 65
_Androctonus._ _See_ Scorpion
_Anopheles_ and malaria, 129
Antagonism between certain bacteria, 323
Anthrax, 11, 20, 21, 25, 41, 46, 180;
immunity of dog against, 149–151, 242;
acquired immunity of _Scolopendra_ against, 209;
natural immunity of white rat against, 526;
protective serums against, 20, 276, 309–311;
phagolysis in acquired immunity against, 280;
immunisation against, by means of other bacteria, 323;
infection by inhalation, 412;
by ingestion, 423;
immunity against, transmitted to offspring, 445, 447;
vaccinations against, 208, 241, 468–471;
method, 470;
statistics, 471;
vaccination against, by heated anthrax blood, 507;
vaccines against, 208, 470, 509;
phagocytosis in, 521, 523
Anthrax bacillus, action on rabies, 150;
bactericidal action of blood serums on, 20, 146, 150, 151, 156, 157,
240;
increasing the virulence of, 150;
attenuation of, 208, 288;
eosinophile transformation in, 198;
protective thickening of bacterial membrane in, 242;
agglutination of, 203, 242, 260, 264;
natural immunity against, 132–140, 143, 147, 149–159, 511, 512;
acquired immunity against, 239–242, 276, 277;
antagonism between, and certain bacteria, 323;
fate of, in Algerian sheep, 512;
destruction of, by defibrinated blood, 525
Anthrax, symptomatic: immunity against bacilli of, 171;
heredity of immunity against, 452;
vaccinations against, 471–473;
phagocytosis in, 523
Antiabrin, 401
Anti-arsenic serum, 390
Anticytases, 112
Anticytase serum, 115, 371
Anticytotoxins, 110, 118, 122, 127, 360
Antidiastase, 109
Antidiastatic serums, 361
Anti-enzymes, 109
Antifixative, 112
Antihaemolysins, 111
Antihaemotoxins, 111, 119, 122
Anti-infective. _See_ Protective
Antileucocidin, 359
Antineurotoxin, 116
Antirennet, 109
Antiricin, 360
Antisepsis, Nature replaces by asepsis, 432
Antiseptics. _See also_ Toxins and Adaptation
Antiseptics and foods, 26
Antiseptic action of the gastric juice, 417
Antispermofixative, 124
Antispermotoxins, 116, 122–126
Antistreptococcic serum, 243–245
Antitetanin, nervous origin of, 390
Antitoxic. _See also_ Protective
Antitoxic unit of Ehrlich, 373, 496;
action of non-specific and normal serums and of broth, 365;
function of the saliva, 417;
function of pepsin and other digestive ferments, 419, 424;
action of intestinal flora, 427;
property of the body fluids, 531 (_see_ Body fluids, Serums);
power of the blood of new-born children, 445
Antitoxins, natural, in normal blood, 111, 204, 444;
rarity in body fluids in natural immunity, 204, 532, 533;
development of, during immunisation, 354;
properties of, 354;
present in various fluids of immunised animal, 355, 531;
mode of action of, on toxins, 356–362, 371;
conditions acting in mixtures of, with toxins, 362;
immunity against toxins not in direct constant ratio to amount of,
367–376;
effect of using serum from same species, 379;
hypothesis as to nature and origin of, 377–402, 562;
probable part played by phagocytes in production of, 400–402;
rapid regeneration of, after bleeding, 379;
augmentation in production of, by pilocarpin, 380;
transmission of, by milk to offspring, 449;
analogy of, with fixatives, 561;
hypersecretion of, 563
Antivenomous property of blood of scorpion, 328;
action of serums, 334, 338;
serum, action of, 334, 338, 358, 360
Aqueous humour, bactericidal action of, 184, 192;
in immunised animals contains no fixative, 217, 222;
in immunised animals contains antitoxin, 355
Arsenic; adaptation to, 31, 343, 390;
protective serum against, 390;
leucocytic reaction against, 396–399;
as a remedy against microbial disease, 513
Arsenic acid, action of, on anthrax bacillus, 25
Arsenious acid, adaptation of plasmodia to, 31
Arthropoda. _See_ Clothes-moth, Crayfish, Crustacea, _Daphnia_,
_Scolopendra_, Scorpion, Spider, Tick
Arthrospores of Hueppe, 254
_Ascaris_, poor microbian flora in intestine of, 421;
phagocytic organs of, 547
Asepsis is Nature’s method, 432
Aspergillosis, 2, 4.
_See also_ Mycoses
Atrophic diseases, probably due to a parasite, 3
Atropin, reaction of rabbit and guinea-pig to, 395, 396
Attenuation. _See also_ Vaccination, Vaccines
Attenuation of micro-organisms and viruses, discovery and application
of, 208, 247, 288, 508;
of micro-organisms by the fluids of immunised animals, 286–289;
of toxins, 344
Autodigestion in yeast, 197
Autospermotoxins, 101
Autotoxins, 104
Axolotl, susceptible to tetanus toxin, 330
Bacilli, anaerobic, natural immunity against, 169, 170
_Bacillus aërogenes_, agglutination in, 264
_Bacillus chauraei._ _See_ Anthrax symptomatic
_Bacillus coli_ attacks potato, 35;
vaccination against, 267;
transformation of, into granules, 198;
modified growth on certain serums, 259
Bacillus of Doederlein, 429;
of Kiel water, 408
_Bacillus pyocyaneus_, 42, 180, 254, 528;
acquired immunity against, 210, 232–236, 301;
Pfeiffer’s phenomenon in, 234, 307;
special forms of growth in serums from vaccinated animals, 256;
agglutination of, 261, 307;
susceptibility to the toxins of, 290, 351;
action of specific serum on, 307, 358;
antagonistic to anthrax bacillus, 323;
immunisation against toxin of, 351;
a leucocidin from, 359;
action of liver on toxin of, 427;
heredity of immunity against toxin of, 446
_Bacillus ranicida_, 140
Bacteria. _See_ Micro-organisms
Bactericidal action of serum, influence of alkalinity or acidity on,
196;
function of the tears, 408
Bactericidal property. _See also_ Body fluids, Humoral theory, Serums
Bactericidal property: in blood and other fluids, 20, 146, 150, 151,
156, 157, 184–193, 211, 226, 233, 238, 240, 241, 243, 244, 512,
525–531, 542, 554;
of body fluids, theory of osmotic pressure, 193, 213;
of extracts of glands and exudations, 195;
of the saliva, 415;
absence of, from the intestinal ferments, 424, 567;
of serums, Wright’s method of testing, 483;
does not develop parallel with agglutinative, 483;
and immunity, absence of parallelism, 554
Bactericidal substance (alexin, complement, cytase): in blood and other
fluids, 184–193, 534;
source of, in body fluids, 185–193;
theory of leucocytic secretions, 187–191;
presence in body fluids due to phagolysis, 191;
is of phagocytic origin, 185, 192;
in body fluids, microphages source of, 187;
not resistant to heat, 268;
and so distinguished from protective substance, 268;
Pfeiffer’s theory of, 534
Bacteriolysis. _See_ Micro-organisms, destruction of
Bacteriolysis, analogy between haemolysis and, 537
Bat, immunity against tetanus of hibernating, 339
Baumès-Colles’ law in syphilis, 436
Behring’s “normal serum,” 496
Bile, function of, 60;
salts protective against snake venom, 388;
protective function of, 424
_Bipinnaria_, 70, 518
Blastomycetes. _See also_ Yeast-cells
Blastomycetes, resistance of _Daphnia_ to, 131, 404, 520;
fate of, in refractory organism, 172;
acidophile, 418
Blood, pepsin in the, 66, 563;
precipitins in the, 68, 106, 107, 568;
fate of effusions of, 73;
bactericidal power of, 184 (_see also_ Bactericidal, Serums);
natural antitoxins in normal, 111, 204, 444;
stimulant (protective) action of human, 271, 318;
immunity conferred by maternal, 447;
recognition of, in medico-legal research, 107, 568;
from convalescents, protective power of, 437, 441, 443;
agglutination of (_see_ Agglutination)
Blood corpuscles, resorption of red, 47, 50, 56, 57, 70, 72, 79–100,
537 (_see also_ Haemolysis);
fixation of cytase by red, 194;
agglutination of red, by serums, 258;
agglutination of red, by ricin, 360
Body fluids. _See also_ Bactericidal, Blood, Humoral theory, Serums
Body fluids, natural immunity and the composition of, 128–131, 146;
in natural immunity, absence of antitoxic property in, 204;
bactericidal power of, 184–193, 512, 525–531, 542 (_see also_ Body
fluids, Serums);
antitoxic power of the, 204, 531, 533, 543;
protective properties of, 266–280
_Boophilus bovis_, 247
Bordet’s sensibilising substance, 91, 199, 298, 535, 537, 557
Botulism, protective action of fats against toxin of, 387;
action of digestive diastases on toxin of, 420
Bouchard’s theory of acquired immunity, 232, 286;
of attenuating power of serums, 286–289
Bouillon de panse, 473
Bovidae, acquired immunity of, against Texas fever, 247, 279;
protection of, against tetanus, 494;
vaccination of, against rinderpest, 425, 466–468;
against rabies, 466;
against anthrax, 470;
against symptomatic anthrax, 471;
against pleuropneumonia, 477–479;
ancient methods against pleuropneumonia in, 506
Broth as a protective fluid, 320, 321, 365
Buccal cavity, microbial products in the protection of the, 416;
flora of, 414
Buchner’s theory of immunity, 512, 527
Calf lymph vaccine, method of preparation, 456
_Carassius._ _See_ Goldfish
Carmine, fixation of tetanus toxin by, 388, 394
Cattle. _See_ Bovidae
Cattle plague. _See_ Rinderpest
Cayman. _See_ Alligator
Cellular or histogenic immunity, 335, 336, 340, 563–565
Cellulosase, 86
Cerebral substance, action of emulsions of, on toxins, 386
Cerebral tetanus, 383, 391
Chemiotaxis. _See also_ Hyperleucocytosis, Susceptibility
Chemiotaxis in Infusoria, 19;
in plasmodia of the Myxomycetes, 30;
of duodenal mucous membrane, 64;
of phagocytes, 79, 108, 133, 167, 177, 280;
of leucocytes for rennet, &c., 119;
positive, in segmentation-cells of frog embryo, 565
Cholera antibody (fixative), 253, 267, 292
Cholera, Asiatic, protective power of blood of convalescents from, 441;
vaccinations against, 480–481
Cholera peritonitis, heredity of immunity against, 447, 448;
immunity of guinea-pig against, 533
Cholera toxin, alligator resistant to, 333;
immunisation against, 350;
action of normal serum of goat on, 365
Cholera vibrio. _See also_ Pfeiffer’s phenomenon, Vibrios
Cholera vibrio, adaptation of, to bactericidal substance, 23;
susceptibility of larva of Rhinoceros beetle to, 40, 133;
immunity of frog against, 142;
of guinea-pig against, 163, 533;
extracellular destruction of, 165, 212 (_see also_ Pfeiffer’s
phenomenon);
eosinophile transformation in, 198;
arthrospores of, 254;
agglutination of, 261, 264;
protective action of serums against, 268, 271, 318;
of human blood against, 271, 318;
immunity to, is not insusceptibility to its toxin, 290;
origin of protective property against, 291;
protective action of various fluids against, 320;
antagonism between certain bacteria and, 324;
in stomach, 419, 567;
susceptible to acids _in vitro_, 419;
in intestine, 423, 567;
serum from animals immunised against, 532
Cholesterin. _See also_ Fats
Cholesterin, fixation of toxins by, 387;
fixation of saponin by, 389
_Chytridium_, 12
Cicatrisation of plants, 34
Clasmatocytes, 78
Clavelée (la). _See_ Sheep-pox
Clavelisation against Sheep-pox, 460
Clothes-moths, micro-organisms absent from digestive canal of larvae of
certain, 420
_Coccobacillus prodigiosus._ _See under Micrococcus_
Cockchafer larva, 70, 326
Complement of Ehrlich, 88, 91, 193, 251, 297
Complementoids of Ehrlich, 115
Concussion, spinal, adaptation to, 564
Conjunctiva, elimination of micro-organisms by the, 408;
absorption of toxins by the, 409
Copula of P. Müller, 91
Cornea, protective resistance by the, 409
Crayfish, susceptible to certain toxins, 345;
blood of, antitoxic against scorpion venom, 366;
poor intestinal flora of, 421
Crickets and micro-organisms, 41, 133;
natural immunity against toxins in, 329
Crustacea. _See_ Crayfish, _Daphnia_
Crustacea, protective function of integument of, 404
_Cyprinus._ _See_ Goldfish
Cytase of Laurent, 86
Cytases (syn. alexins, complements), 93, 98, 123;
elaborated by phagocytes, 197, 252, 539, 549–556;
thrown out into plasmas during phagolysis, 95, 99, 102, 197, 252,
551–554;
bactericidal power of, 183, 184, 191, 193–198, 217 (_see also_
Bactericidal, Body fluids, Serums);
unity or plurality of, in same serum, 193, 197;
absorption of, 194, 200;
two kinds of, macrocytase and microcytase, 195, 296, 549;
characters of the, 197, 549;
enzymes other than, in phagocytes, 197;
in the immunised organism, 250–255, 296, 317, 554;
presence or absence of, how determined, 253;
Ehrlich’s and author’s views on, contrasted, 297;
compared with fixatives, 555
Cytotoxins, 105 (note), 110, 116
_Daphnia_, resistance of, to Blastomycetes, 131, 404, 520
Darwin on the extinction of the elephant, 8
Dermis, arrest of micro-organisms in the, 406
Desmon (of London), 91
Diastases. _See_ Digestive ferments, Ferments
Digestion in the higher animals, 49, 59–65;
psychical and nervous elements in, 62, 566;
extracellular, by secreted juices, 49, 58, 62;
the liver of the Mollusca as second organ of, 59;
in the tissues, 67;
and resorption closely related, 69, 85;
by macrophagic organs, 85, 150
Digestion, intracellular. _See also_ Phagocytes, Phagocytosis,
Resorption
Digestion, intracellular, 48, 85, 517, 518, 520;
in the Protozoa, 13, 30, 49;
in Planarians, 49, 71, 82;
in Actinians, 53, 82, 85;
in Sponges, 69, 517;
transition from, to digestion by secreted juices, 49, 58
Digestive ferments, antitoxic function of, 424;
action of, on toxin of botulism, 420
Diphtheria, 7, 41, 132, 204;
antitoxic power of blood of convalescents from, 443;
antitoxic power against, in blood of healthy persons, 444;
and in blood of new-born children, 445;
heredity of immunity against, 445, 447, 448;
influence of anticytase serum on, 371;
vaccinations against, 495–503;
serum against, 495;
standardisation and testing of this serum, 496–498;
its protective and antitoxic powers do not develop in equal ratio,
497;
its prophylactic use, 498–503;
accidents during treatment, 499, 502;
statistics, 500–503
Diphtheria toxin, increased susceptibility of immunised guinea-pig to,
290;
natural immunity of rat and mouse against, 204, 339;
natural immunity of frog against, 330;
immunisation against, 344, 347, 349, 353;
attenuation of, 344;
preventive action of nucleohiston on, 365;
action of, on brain of laboratory animals, 386;
sets up local lesions in the conjunctiva, 409;
pepsin destroys, 419
_Diplococcus pneumoniae._ _See_ Pneumococcus
Diseases, fear of, and pessimism, 1, 569;
atrophic, probably due to a parasite, 3;
mechanical element as etiological factor, 3;
toxic element as etiological factor, 4;
developed on the earth at a very early epoch, 8;
and extinction of species, 8;
infective, in multicellular plants, 29–39;
set up by Fungi. _See_ Fungi
Dog, immunity of, against anthrax, 149–151, 242;
action of anthrax bacillus on rabid, 150;
immunity of, against streptococci, 167;
naturally refractory against a staphylococcus, 266;
bactericidal action of blood of, on anthrax bacillus, 150, 151, 156;
digestion of gelatine by leucocytes of, 108;
enterokynase in lymphoid organs of, 61;
digestive fluids of, 62–65;
disinfecting power of small intestine of, 422;
phagocytosis in, 149, 151;
haematozoon in, 279
Domestic animals, immunisation of, against disease. _See_ Bovidae, Dog,
Goat, Horse, Pig, Sheep, Swine, Vaccines, Vaccinations
Dourine, 2, 247
_Drepanidium_, 515
Drugs, absorption of, by leucocytes, 400
Duodenum, chemiotaxis of mucous membrane of, 64
“Dust” cells, 75, 411–414
Eel’s serum. _See also_ Ichthyotoxin
Eel’s serum, toxic action of, 20, 111, 563;
and precipitins, 68, 106
Effusions of blood, fate of, 73
Ehrlich’s neutral red reaction, 13, 83, 181;
classification of leucocytes, 74, 76–78;
theory of side-chains or receptors, 120, 381–384, 538, 557, 562–563;
compared with theory of phagocytes, 296–299, 538, 558;
“immunising unit,” 373, 496
Elephant, extinction of, 8
Elimination of micro-organisms from the body, 43, 46;
by the epidermis, 406;
by the conjunctiva, 408;
by the nasal mucosa, 410
_Emys._ _See_ Turtle
Endo-enzymes, 197
Endotrypsin of yeast, 197
Enterokynase, 59, 98
Enzymes. _See_ Ferments
Eosinophile leucocytes, secretion by, in bacteriolysis, 187, 542
Eosinophile staining reaction, 198
Epidermis, exfoliation of the, 406
Ernst’s bacillus, immunity of frog against, 140
Erysipelas. _See_ Swine erysipelas
Erysipelas, immunity in, 434
Erysipelas streptococcus, protective action of, against anthrax, 323;
its use in malignant tumours, 434
Excretion. _See also_ Elimination
Excretion in relation to micro-organisms, 43, 432;
of pepsin in the urine, 65;
of pepsin in the blood, 66, 563
Exfoliation of the epidermis, 406
Exudations, bactericidal power of, 185, 193, 195
Farcy, slow evolution of, 406
Fats, protective action of, against toxins, 387
Ferments. _See also_ Intestinal, Digestive, Fibrin-ferment, Gastric
juice, Saliva, Trypsin
Ferments, Pasteur on the organised nature of, 2;
soluble (diastases or enzymes), in digestion, 49, 55, 57, 108, 109,
197;
antitoxic function of digestive, 424;
phagocytic, 197, 549–559;
hypersecretion of, 563
Fibrin ferment (plasmase), 95, 197, 550
Fishes. _See_ Goldfish
Fishes, phagocytosis in, 135
Fixatives (immunising body, or amboceptor, or sensibilising substance),
88, 92–95, 97, 98, 103–105, 199–202, 296;
synonyms of, 91;
analogy of, with enterokynase, 98;
presence of, in plasmas, 103, 112–114, 217;
in protective serums, 269, 438;
in mesenteric glands, 98;
in spermotoxins, 101;
origin of, 103, 294, 537, 556–559;
specificity of, 88, 105, 216, 251, 253, 296;
rarity of, in normal fluids, 199–201, 250;
method of determining whether present in a serum, 199;
absent from aqueous humour of immunised animals, 217, 222, 251;
in the immunised organism, 250–255;
properties of, 251, 253, 255, 554;
differ from agglutinative substances, 255, 265, 559;
relation of, to phagocytosis, 291, 295;
part played by, in Pfeiffer’s phenomenon, 251, 295;
and protective substances closely connected, 269, 294, 295, 561;
compared with cytases, 555;
mechanism of action of, 557
Food substances, absorption of, by other channel than alimentary canal,
67
Foods and antiseptics, 26
Foreign bodies, fate of, in organism, 46, 52, 55, 56, 517
Formed elements, resorption of the, 47, 67–105
Fowl, immunity of, against anthrax, 144, 159;
phagocytosis in, 144, 282;
bactericidal action of plasma of, on anthrax, 146;
blood serum of, and tetanus, 204;
immunity of, against tetanus, 204;
natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 335;
influence of removal of parts of brain and cord on tetanus in, 384
Fowl cholera, infection of laboratory animals with, 181;
vaccine against, 208;
phagocytosis in, 282;
action of exudations of fowls vaccinated against, 288;
acquired immunity against, 288, 508;
failure of bacillus of, to grow in certain media, 510
Friedländer’s bacillus prevents infection by anthrax, 323
Frog, phagocytosis in, 137, 142;
immunity of, against anthrax, 137;
against Ernst’s bacillus, 140;
against bacillus of mouse septicaemia, 141;
against cholera vibrio, 142;
acquired immunity of, against pyocyanic disease, 210, 301;
natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 330;
against diphtheria toxin, 330;
immunisation of, against abrin, 345;
absorption of tetanus toxin by brain of, 386
Frog embryo, positive chemiotaxis in segmentation-cells of, 565
Fungi, diseases set up by, 2, 4, 18, 32, 131, 135, 404
(_see also_ Aspergillosis, Mycoses)
Galactose. _See_ Milk-sugar
Gamaleia’s vibrio. _See Vibrio metchnikovi_
Gastric juice, antiseptic action of, 417;
psychic influence on, 63, 566.
_See_ Pepsin
Gelatine, resorption of, 107
Gentilly bacillus. _See_ Pneumo-enteritis
Gerbil, tubercle in, 22, 183
Goat, action of normal serum of, on cholera toxin, 365;
vaccination of, against rabies, 466;
acquired immunity in, 563
Goldfish, 72, 135
Goose septicaemia. _See Spirochaete anserina_
“Greek method” of variolisation against small-pox, 507
Gruber’s theory of immunity, 256, 262
Guinea-pig, immunity of, against spirilla, 160, 162;
against vibrios, 163, 211–227, 275, 287, 531, 533;
against streptococci, 165;
against tetanus bacillus, 169;
against symptomatic anthrax, 171;
against _Trypanosomata_, 173;
acquired immunity against spirilla of recurrent fever, 227–230;
against typhoid, 191, 230;
against _Bacillus pyocyaneus_, 234–236;
against anthrax, 276, 277;
phagocytosis in, 162, 163, 166, 170, 223;
hypersusceptibility of immunised, to diphtheria toxin, 290;
protective power of serum of immunised, 293;
effect of removal of spleen of, 293;
antivenomous action of serum of, 338;
immunisation of, against cholera toxin, 351;
increasing natural susceptibility of, to toxins, 369, 370;
reaction of, to atropin, 396
Haematopoietic organs. _See also_ Lymphoid organs
Haematopoietic organs as source of protective substance, 292–294
Haematozoa. _See_ _Piroplasma_, _Trypanosoma_
Haematozoon in dog closely allied to that of Texas fever, 279
Haemolysis. _See also_ Blood corpuscles, resorption of
Haemolysis, 79–100, 111, 112, 537;
the two substances which act in, 88, 98, 538;
analogy between bacteriolysis and, 537
Haemomacrophages, 76, 136
Haptophore atomic group in a toxin, 120, 350, 384
Hedgehog, natural immunity of, against poisons and venoms, 337
_Helix pomatia_, 70, 134
Heredity of immunity, 445–453, 513
_Herpestes._ _See_ Mongoose
Hibernation, effects on resistance to toxins, 339
_Hippocampus_, 135
Histogenic immunity, 336
(_see_ Immunity, cellular)
Hog cholera, resemblance of bacillus of, to that of pneumo-enteritis,
259;
serum of animals vaccinated against, 260;
agglutination in, 260;
protective action of serums against, 272;
susceptibility of vaccinated animals to the toxin, 290
Horse. _See also_ Diphtheria
Horse, acquired immunity against cholera vibrio, 222;
against streptococci, 244, 245, 313;
local reaction to tetanus toxin in, 352;
immunised, with poor yield in antitoxin, 373, 375;
reaction of, to one unit of toxin, 378;
antitoxic power of serum of normal, 380;
phagocytosis in, 245, 313;
antivenomous action of serum of, 338;
vaccination of, against rabies, 466;
vaccination of, against anthrax, 470;
protective serum against tetanus in, 493
Humoral phenomena in immunity, 184, 250, 290, 437–440, 525–531, 542,
543
Humoral theories of immunity, 184, 525–531, 542, 543;
attempts to reconcile with theory of phagocytes, 539
Humours. _See_ Body fluids, Serums
Hyperleucocytosis. _See also_ Chemiotaxis
Hyperleucocytosis during immunisation, 352, 393
Hypersecretion, 563 (_see_ Receptors)
Hypersusceptibility to toxins in immunised animals, 290, 368–374, 564
Hyphomycetes, diseases caused by, 2
Hypopyon, pus of, 96
Ichthyotoxin, 110, 120, 121, 122, 326, 360
(_see also_ Eel’s serum)
Immunisation. _See_ Immunity, acquired, artificial and temporary,
Vaccination
Immunisation against toxins, principal methods of, 345–350;
by unmodified toxins, 345–346;
by modified toxins, 347;
by mixtures of toxin and antitoxin, 348;
by toxones and toxoids, 349;
phenomena produced during, 352–354
Immunising body of Ehrlich, 91, 251;
unit of Ehrlich, 373, 496
Immunity, historical sketch, 505–543;
summary, 544–569;
by attenuated micro-organisms, 2;
predisposition or absence of, 7;
against infective diseases, 9;
definition of, 10;
against micro-organisms, 10, 41, 42, 128–206, 207–324;
against toxins, 10, 41, 42, 325–341, 342–402;
not same as against micro-organisms, 290, 351;
in unicellular organisms, 11–28;
in multicellular plants, 29–39;
in plants, action of manures on, 36;
in the animal kingdom, 40–66;
cellular or histogenic, 335, 336, 340, 563–565;
active (Ehrlich), 378 = isopathic immunity (von Behring);
passive (Ehrlich), 378, 453 = antitoxic immunity (von Behring);
passive against micro-organisms, 300–324, 560;
isopathic (von Behring), 378;
antitoxic (von Behring), 378;
of the skin, 403–407;
of the mucous membranes, 407–432;
susceptibility in, 565 (_see also_ Hypersusceptibility,
Susceptibility);
channel of entrance in, 567;
applications of theory of, to medical practice and to the research of
new organisms, 567–569
Immunity, natural: 10, 17, 18, 30;
amongst Invertebrates, 40, 131–135;
amongst Vertebrata, 41, 135–174;
against micro-organisms, 128–174, 175–206;
and composition of body fluids, 128–131;
against anaerobic bacteria, 169, 170;
part played by inflammation in, 176;
importance of microphages in, 177;
humoral theory of, 184;
agglutination in, 202, 206;
against toxins, 325–341
Immunity, acquired: 10, 19, 31;
against micro-organisms, 207–249, 250–299;
against vibrios, 211–227;
against pyocyanic disease, 210, 232–236, 301;
against spirilla of recurrent fever, 227–230;
against typhoid bacillus, 230;
against swine erysipelas, 236–239;
against anthrax, 239–242;
against streptococcus, 243–247;
against _Trypanosomata_, 247–249, 316;
against staphylococcus, 266
Immunity, rapid and temporary: against micro-organisms, 300–324;
conferred by specific serums, 301–317;
conferred by normal serums, 317–320;
conferred by fluids other than serums, 320–322;
conferred by non-specific micro-organisms, 322–324
Immunity, artificial, against toxins, 342–402;
against bacterial toxins, 343;
against vegetable toxins, 344, 365;
against snake venom, 345;
not in direct ratio to amount of antitoxin in body fluids, 367–376
Immunity acquired by natural means, 433–453;
acquired after recovery from infective diseases, 433–444;
acquired by heredity, 445–453;
conferred by maternal blood, 447;
by the yolk, 449;
by the milk of the mother, 449
Immunity, acquired: amongst Invertebrata, 209–210;
amongst Vertebrata, 210–249;
relation of Pfeiffer’s phenomenon to, 224;
Bouchard’s theory of, 232, 286;
double action of cytases and fixatives in, 250–255, 296, 554;
agglutinative substances in, 242, 245, 256–265, 295, 542, 559;
protective properties of body fluids in, 266–280;
phagocytosis in, 220, 223–226, 245, 280–286, 295;
origin of fixative properties in body fluids in, 294;
relation between fixatives and phagocytosis in, 291, 295;
humoral phenomena in, 184, 250, 290, 525–531, 542, 543;
bactericidal power of fluids in, 250;
Gruber’s theory of, 256, 262;
against micro-organisms, susceptibility to the specific toxin in,
289;
principal phenomena associated with, 295–296;
against micro-organisms in no ratio to protective power of blood,
372–374;
by suckling, mouse the only animal in which, 450, 452;
theory of exhaustion of nutrient medium as cause of, 510–512;
theory of presence of inhibitory substance, 511, 512;
theory of local inflammatory reaction, 512;
theory of adaptation of cells in, 513;
theory of phagocytes in, 514–525, 539–543;
theory of bactericidal power of body fluids, 525–531, 542, 543;
theory of antitoxic power of body fluids, 531;
theory of extracellular destruction of micro-organisms by leucocytic
secretions, 187–191, 533–537, 542;
theory of side-chains, 120, 381–384, 538, 557, 562–563;
present phase of the question of, 540–543
Immunproteidin of Emmerich and Löw, 254
Infection, agents, mechanical and other, that prevent or aid, 3–5,
170–173, 426
(_see also_ Diseases, Elimination, Micro-organisms)
Inflammation in immunity, 176, 512;
Cohnheim on, 518;
and phagocytosis, 516, 519–520, 547, 568
Influenza bacillus, cultivation of, in body fluids, 130, 554;
vaccination against, 277
Infusoria. _See also Trypanosoma_
Infusoria, 12–20, 23, 26, 326
Inoculation. _See_ Immunisation, Vaccination
Insects, natural immunity in, 132, 326, 329;
acquired immunity in, 209;
protective lining of digestive canal of, 421
Insusceptibility of cells of refractory animals, 341
Integument of Invertebrata, protective function of, 404
Intermediary body, 88, 91, 296, 557
Intestine, protective function of the, 422;
microbian flora of, 420;
antitoxic action of this flora, 427
Intestinal ferments, absence of microbicidal power from, 424, 567;
intestinal micro-organisms, favouring and retarding functions of,
426;
destruction of toxins by, 427
Invertebrata, natural immunity in the, 40, 131–135, 326–329;
acquired immunity in the, 209–210, 301;
immunisation of, by specific serums, 301;
protective function of integument of, 404
Iodine trichloride in immunisation, 347
Iron, absorption of, by leucocytes, 399
Irritability, part played by, 18, 27 (_see also_ Susceptibility);
in plants, 38
_Isaria_, resistance to infection by, 329
Koch’s phenomenon in tuberculosis, 437
Kupffer’s cells, 75
Leprosy, etiological factors in, 4
Leprosy bacillus, 75, 411
Leucocidin, and its neutralisation, 359
Leucocytes. _See also_ Phagocytes
Leucocytes (amoeboid cells) in resorption, 47, 73, 175, 514, 515;
adaptation of, to virulent bacteria, an education, 281;
various categories of, 74–79;
soluble ferments of, 95;
chemiotaxis of, 119, 177;
theory of bactericidal secretions by, 187–191, 533–537, 539, 540,
542;
action of leucocidin on, 359;
absorption of poisons by, 393–400;
situations where there are no pre-existing, 551
Lily of the valley, acquired immunity in, 513, 515
Liver, serum against cytotoxin acting on, 116;
protective function of the, 427;
of Mollusca an organ of second digestion, 59
Lizard, resistance of, to tetanus toxin, 332
Lugol’s solution in immunisation, 347
Lupus, slow growth of, 406
Lymphocytes. _See also_ Leucocytes, Phagocytes
Lymphocytes, 76, 78
Lymphoid organs. _See also_ Haematopoietic organs, Phagocytic organs
Lymphoid organs, protective function of the, 428;
as source of sensibilising substance (fixative), 537
Lymphomacrophages, 76
Macrocytase (alexin, complement), 86, 98, 105, 112, 196, 549;
analogy of, with actinodiastase, 86;
escape of, during phagolysis, 95, 99, 102, 552;
presence of, in spermotoxin, 101;
origin of, 103;
active for resorption of animal cells, 196, 197, 296;
in extracellular solution of red corpuscles, 552
Macrophages, 76, 77, 79, 547;
the part they play in resorption, 80–100, 176;
staining reactions of, 77;
in phagocytosis, 144, 148, 154, 157, 161, 162, 164, 173, 184, 228,
245, 321, 548;
act more especially in resorption of animal cells, 176, 196, 548;
but intervene specially against human tubercle bacillus in pigeon,
148;
against spirilla, 162, 177, 228;
and against streptococci, 245;
not source of bactericidal substance in body fluids, 187;
part played by, in arsenic poisoning, 397;
the principal source of antitoxin, 401;
of skin, reaction of, against micro-organisms, 407
Macrophagic organs, digestive property of, 85, 150
Malaria, immunity against, 129, 278;
protective action of serum in, 278;
immunity acquired after, 434
Manures, influence on plant diseases, 36
Marmot, immunity of hibernating, against tetanus, 339
Martin’s broth (bouillon de panse), 473
Massowah vibrio, acquired immunity against, 221;
action of specific serum on, 305
Mastzellen, 77
Membranes, protective secretion of, by bacteria, 21, 242
_Meriones shawii_, 22, 183
Mesenteric glands, 62, 85, 98, 195
Mesoderm, function of amoeboid cells of, 518
Microbicidal. _See_ Bactericidal
_Micrococcus prodigiosus_, 42, 45;
antagonistic to anthrax bacillus, 323;
action of vaginal mucus on, 430
Microcytase digests bacteria, 196, 197, 296, 550;
in immunity, 218;
escape of, during phagolysis, 218, 222, 230, 295, 554;
transforms vibrios into granules, 552;
action of, on _Vibrio metchnikovi_, 553
Micro-organisms, minuteness of certain pathogenic, 3;
variability in action of, 5;
staining reactions of, 13, 83, 181, 183, 198, 213;
immunity by attenuated, 2, 509;
pathogenic, in healthy persons, 7;
adaptation of, to toxic substances, 21, 25;
protective secretion of membranes by, 21, 242;
defence in plants against, 35;
defences of animals against, 545;
elimination of, from the body, 43, 46 (_see also_ Elimination);
resorption of, 46, 175, 546;
antidiastase against enzymes of, 109;
natural immunity against pathogenic, 128–174, 175–206;
acquired immunity against pathogenic, 207–249, 250–299, 300–324;
anaerobic, immunity against, 169, 170;
pathogenic animal, 2, 173, 247–249, 277–279, 316;
destruction of, an act of resorption, 175, 206 (_see_ Bacteriolysis);
presence of, in white corpuscles, 514;
adaptation of phagocytes to destroy, 558, 566;
mode of entry into phagocytes, 177;
digested by phagocytes, 181, 514–525, 536, 539–543 (_see_ Phagocytes,
Phagocytosis);
transformation into spherical granules, 198 (_see also_ Pfeiffer’s
phenomenon);
extracellular destruction of, 165, 212, 533–537, 542;
modified growth in serums from immunised animals, 256, 259 (_see
also_ Agglutination);
specific diagnosis of, by modified growth, 256, 259;
agglutination does not prevent growth of, 262;
changes which they undergo in immunised animal, 289;
attenuation of, 208, 286–289, 508;
adjuvant and retarding functions of, 170, 426;
antagonism between anthrax and certain, 323;
antagonism between cholera vibrio and certain, 324;
acidophile, 418;
exfoliation of epidermis to get rid of, 406;
localisation and arrest of, in the dermis, 406;
destruction of toxins by, 427
Microphages, 77, 78, 79, 148, 152, 154, 162, 164, 172, 185, 245, 548;
intervene specially against micro-organisms and in acute infections,
177, 196, 206, 549;
source of bactericidal substance in body fluids, 187, 195;
granular transformation of vibrios inside, 164, 165, 224
(_see also_ Pfeiffer’s phenomenon)
_Microsphaera_, 18
Milk, absorption of, 107;
precipitins in the differentiation of various kinds of, 107, 568;
of immunised animals, antitoxin in, 356;
immunity conferred by mother’s, 449, 450, 452;
transmission of agglutinative power by, 450
Milk-sugar, adaptation of yeasts to, 26
Mithridates, method of protecting himself against poisons, 343
Mollusca. _See also Helix_, _Phyllirhoë_, _Thetys_
Mollusca, natural immunity in, 134;
liver of, an organ of second digestion, 59
Mongoose, immunity of, against snake venom, 339
Monkeys, immunised, with poor yield in antitoxin, 373;
immunisation of, against diphtheria toxin, 373;
transient acquired immunity against recurrent fever, 434
_Monospora_, parasite of _Daphnia_ disease, 131, 404, 520
Morphia, adaptation to, 343
Mouse, infection of, by swine erysipelas, 270, 307, 476;
the only animal that acquires immunity by suckling, 450, 452;
acquired immunity of, against typhoid, 230;
natural immunity of, against diphtheria toxin, 204, 339
Mouse septicaemia, immunity of frog against, 141;
phagocytosis in, 283;
acquired immunity of rabbit against, 509
Mouth. _See_ Buccal cavity
Mucous membranes, immunity of the, 407–432;
elimination of micro-organisms by the nasal, 410;
protective function of the genital, 429
Mycoses, pulmonary, 413
(_see also_ Aspergillosis)
_Mygale._ _See_ Spiders
Myriapods. _See Scolopendra_
Myxomycetes, plasmodia of, 30, 545
Naegeli’s theory of immunity, 512
Nagana disease, 2, 4, 247, 316
(_see Trypanosoma_)
Narcosis. _See_ Opium
Nasal mucous membrane, elimination of organisms by, 410
_Nepenthes_, digestive juice of, 355
Nerve centres, susceptibility of, to toxins, 564
Neuroglia cells, their phagocytic function, 75
Neurotoxin, 116
Neutral red, reaction of, 13, 83, 181
Nuclein as a protective substance, 320;
vaccinal against plague, 490
Nucleohiston, preventive action of, on diphtheria toxin, 365
Nutrition, certain diseases of, probably due to a parasite, 3;
extra-buccal, 67, 69
_Oidium albicans_, growth of, in serum of immunised animals, 257
Omentum, glands of, 85;
bactericidal power of extracts of, 195;
phagocytosis of vibrios in, 224
Opium, its action on leucocytes, 225, 231, 236, 306, 307;
its influence on immunisation by specific serums, 306;
resistance of hedgehog to, 337
_Oryctes nasicornis._ _See_ Rhinoceros beetle
Osmotic pressure, adaptation of plants to, 37, 39, 566;
as cause of bactericidal action of body fluids, 193, 213
Ovum in the Graafian follicle, immunity acquired by the, 448
Oxalic acid, function of, in plants, 37, 566
Oxydases, 96
Pancreatic digestion, 60, 63, 65
Pancreatic juice, antitoxic power of, 424
Pancreatic secretion, its adaptation to kind of food, 64, 65
Paralysis, general progressive, and syphilis, 435
_Paramaecia_, 13, 16, 17, 19
Parasites in infective diseases, 2, 9
(_see also_ Micro-organisms)
Pasteur’s theory of exhaustion of nutrient medium, 510–512;
anthrax vaccines, 208, 470;
modification of Willems’ method against pleuropneumonia, 477;
vaccines against rabies, 462, 463–464;
and Thuillier’s vaccines against swine erysipelas, 208, 473, 509
Pepsin in the urine, 65, 97;
in the blood, 66, 563;
antitoxic function of, 419;
antiseptic action of, 417;
chemical composition of, 109
Pessimism and fear of disease, 1, 569
Peyer’s patches, 61;
protective function of, 428
_Peziza._ _See Sclerotinia_
Pfaundler’s reaction, 259
Pfeiffer’s phenomenon in cholera vibrio, 165, 192, 212–226, 251, 267,
268, 280, 301–307, 534–536;
in spirillum of recurrent fever, 229;
in typhoid bacillus, 230, 303, 304;
in _Bacillus pyocyaneus_, 234, 307;
different in immunised and in normal fluids, 251;
conditions for its manifestation, 252, 253, 295, 534
Pfeiffer’s theory of immunity, 534
Phagocytes (_See also_ Leucocytes), amoeboid cells with digestive
function, 7, 182, 547;
in Sponges, 69;
in Vertebrata, 73;
various categories of, 74–79;
of _Bipinnaria_ and _Phyllirhoë_, 70;
chemiotaxis of, 79, 108, 133, 167, 177, 280;
the source of the haemolytic ferment, 100;
of osseous fishes, 135;
of frog, 137;
ingest living and virulent bacteria, 142, 177, 179–181, 558, 566;
function of, 151, 157, 177, 181, 206, 547, 548, 566;
mode of entry of microorganisms into, 177;
acid reaction inside, 83, 182;
action of opium on, 225, 231;
theory of, and side-chain theory compared, 296–299, 538;
in defence of animal against poisons, 393–400;
in production of antitoxin, 400–402;
in the defence of the skin, 407;
attempts to reconcile theory of, with humoral theory, 539;
history of theory of, 514–525, 539–543;
stimulant action of, 532
Phagocytic crisis of Bordet, 314;
ferments, 549–558;
function of neuroglia cells, 75;
organs, 85, 150, 292, 293, 537;
of cricket, 133;
of _Ascaris_, 547
Phagocytosis in osseous fishes, 135;
in frogs, 137, 142;
in fowl, 144, 282;
in dog, 149, 151;
in rat, 154, 157;
in guinea-pig, 162, 163, 166, 170, 223;
in horse, 245, 313;
in rabbit, 159, 167, 169, 233, 239, 314;
effect of removal of spleen on, 150;
agents that prevent, 170–173 (_see also_ Opium);
neutralisation of toxins not necessary for, 205, 289;
and agglutination, 202, 242, 245;
ensures natural immunity, 206;
action of opium on, 225, 231, 236, 306, 307;
action of rabbit’s serum on, 231;
in acquired immunity, 220, 223–226, 245, 280–286, 295, 313;
relation to fixatives in acquired immunity, 291, 295;
in the immunity conferred by specific serums, 303–317;
history of, and of the theory of phagocytes, 514–525, 539–543;
its application in surgery, 568
Phagolysis, 80, 99, 165;
prevention of, 99, 218, 219, 220, 230, 252, 304;
its relation to extracellular destruction of bacteria and Pfeiffer’s
phenomenon, 218–220, 230, 280, 295, 534;
escape of cytases during, 95, 99, 102, 191, 197, 252, 551–554, 560
Philocytase, 91, 92
Phloridzin, its action on natural immunity, 150
_Phyllirhoë_, two modes of digestion in, 58;
resorption by phagocytes of, 70
Pig. _See also_ Swine
Pig, protection of, against tetanus, 493
Pigeon, immunity of, against anthrax, 146;
immunity of, against human tuberculosis, 147;
immunity of, against influenza bacillus, 130, 554;
its blood best culture medium for influenza bacillus, 130, 554;
susceptible to swine erysipelas, 476;
protective power of serum of, immunised against anthrax, 276, 277,
288;
vaccination of, against anthrax, 276, 277
Pilocarpin augments production of antitoxin, 380
_Piroplasma bigeminum_, 247, 279
Plague, bubonic, rapid immunisation by serum, 312;
protective influence of broth against, 321;
production of antitoxic serum by, 401;
infection by, through the nasal cavity, 409, 411;
vaccinations against, 486–492;
serum treatment in, 490–492;
immunity against, when acquired and duration, 488, 489;
statistics on vaccinations against, 488;
prophylactic treatment against, 491;
Reports of German and English Commissions on, 489
Planarians, digestion in, 49, 71, 82
Plants, immunity in multicellular, 29–39;
cicatrisation of, 34;
and osmotic pressure, 37, 39, 566;
ravages of _Sclerotinia_ amongst cultivated, 32;
action of manures on immunity of cultivated, 36;
function of oxalic acid in, 37, 566
Plasma, Gengou’s method of preparing, 157, 190
Plasmas. _See also_ Body fluids, Serums
Plasmas, presence of fixatives in, 103;
bactericidal power of, 190, 543
Plasmase (fibrin ferment), 95, 197, 550
Plasmodia, intracellular digestion in, 30, 545;
chemiotaxis of, 30;
adaptation of, to poisons, 30
Pleuropneumonia, bacterium of, 3, 130, 478, 569;
vaccinations against, 477–479;
action of serum from animals immunised against, 479;
vaccinal methods used by savage races against, 506
Pneumococcus, modified growth of, in serums from immunised animals,
256, 262;
vaccination against, 262;
attenuated by serums from vaccinated animals, 287;
agglutination of, 287
Pneumo-enteritis of swine, cocco-bacillus of, 259;
action of serum of vaccinated rabbits on bacillus of, 260, 266, 287,
532;
acquired immunity against, 260, 275, 311, 532
Pneumonia, fibrinous, relapses separated by periods of immunity, 434
Poisons. _See also_ Toxins
Poisons, absorption of, by leucocytes, 393–400
_Polyphagus euglenae_, 12
Potato attacked by _Bacillus coli_, 35
Precipitins in the blood serum, 68, 106, 107;
use of, in medico-legal investigations, 107, 568;
and in the differentiation of various kinds of milk, 107, 568
Predisposition or absence of immunity, 7
Preventive substances of Bordet (syn. fixatives), 266
Profetta, law of, 453
Protective or anti-infective property. _See also_ Antitoxic,
Antitoxins, Blood, Body fluids, Serums
Protective property, origin of, in serums and other fluids, 291–294;
differs from agglutinative, 268, 269, 294;
of blood and other fluids in convalescents, 437–444
Protective action of normal serums, 317–320;
of fats against toxins, 387;
of leucocytes against poisons, 393–400;
of flow of a fluid, 431
Protective function of the skin, 404–407;
in the respiratory channels, 411–414;
of the cornea, 409;
of the saliva, 415;
of the intestine, 422;
of the bile, 424;
of the liver, 427;
of the lymphoid organs, 428;
of the suprarenal capsules, 431;
in the urinary organs, 431
Protective substance resistant to heat, 268;
and so distinguished from bactericidal substance, 268;
closely connected with fixative substance, 269, 294, 295, 561
Protective vaccinations, 454–504
_Proteus vulgaris_, susceptibility of leucocytes to, 166, 179, 201,
282;
eosinophile transformation in, 198;
modified growth in certain serums, 259
Protozoa, intracellular digestion in the, 13, 30, 49;
adaptation of, to saline solutions, 23, 515;
and to physical conditions, 26
Prussic acid, antidote to, 363
Pseudo-diphtheria bacilli, 444
Pseudo-eosinophile leucocytes, secretion by, 187, 542
Pseudo-immunity or resistance, 320
Pus, ferment in, 96
Pyrogallic acid, its action on natural immunity, 150
Rabbit, immunity of, against anthrax bacillus, 159;
against streptococci, 167, 168;
against tetanus bacillus, 169;
against cholera vibrio, 424;
against pleuropneumonia, 569;
acquired immunity of, against pyocyanic disease, 232;
against swine erysipelas, 236–239, 527;
against anthrax, 239, 323;
against streptococcus, 243–247, 284–286, 312, 314;
against pneumo-enteritis, 260, 266, 275, 311, 532;
against pneumococcus, 262;
against a staphylococcus, 266;
against hog cholera, 290;
against mouse septicaemia, 509;
phagocytosis in, 159, 167, 169, 233, 239, 314, 569;
infection by streptococci in, 283;
action of serum of vaccinated, on bacillus of pneumo-enteritis, 287;
action of agglutinated pneumococci on, 287;
vaccinated against hog cholera susceptible to its toxin, 290;
immunised against anthrax by means of the erysipelas coccus, 323;
immunised against anthrax by products of _Bacillus pyocyaneus_, 323;
infection by anthrax prevented by Friedländer’s bacillus, 323;
brain of, very susceptible to action of tetanus toxin, 383;
reaction of, to atropin, 395
Rabies, action of anthrax bacillus on, 150;
action of normal ox serum on, 365;
action of bile on, 425;
heredity of immunity against, 446;
vaccinations against, 461–466;
statistics of vaccinations against, 464–466;
in domestic animals, vaccinations against, 466
Rat, immunity of, against anthrax bacillus, 152, 526;
against diphtheria bacillus, 204;
acquired immunity against _Trypanosomata_, 247–249, 316;
against anthrax, 240;
natural immunity of, against diphtheria toxin, 204, 339;
bactericidal ferment of phagocytes of, 20, 157;
phagocytosis in, 154, 157
Receptors, 93, 120, 296;
over-production of, 121, 296, 562;
antitoxic and philotoxic functions of, 120;
theory of, _see_ Side-chain theory
Recurrent fever. _See_ Spirilla, _Spirochaete obermeyeri_
Recurrent fever, transient acquired immunity against, 434
Rennet, 109, 119
Reptilia. _See_ Alligator, Turtle, Snake, Lizard
Reptilia, natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 331–334
Resistance to disease, 8–10.
_See_ Immunity, Pseudo-immunity
Resorption of micro-organisms, 46, 175 (_see also_ Immunity, cellular,
Micro-organisms);
of the formed elements, 47, 67–105;
a true intracellular digestion, 85, 296;
of cells in the Invertebrata, 70;
of red corpuscles by phagocytes of the Vertebrata, 72, 80 (_see also_
Phagocytes, Phagocytosis);
part played by macrophages in (_see_ Macrophages);
and digestion closely related, 69, 85;
of spermatozoa, 84, 100;
of white corpuscles, 84 (_see also_ Leucocytes, Phagocytes);
of albuminoid substances, 106–127;
of cells and the phenomena in acquired immunity, 296
Respiratory channels, protection by the, 411–414;
absorption of poisons by the, 414
Rhinoceros beetle, natural immunity in larvae of, 132, 209, 326, 329;
susceptibility to cholera vibrio, 40, 133
Ricin, 344, 360, 446, 449
Rinderpest, action of bile on, 425, 466;
vaccinations against, 466–468;
Koch’s method of vaccination against, 466;
Kolle and Turner’s method of “simultaneous vaccinations” against, 467
Ring-worm, mechanical factor in, 4
Robin (toxalbumin of _Robinia pseudacacia_), 365;
serum of animals vaccinated against, antitoxic, 365;
heredity of immunity against, 446