Aurunculeius Cotta, 314, 324.
Austen, Godwin, 4.
Australia, 49, 51, 58, 72, 116, 197, 199, 206, 377, 463.
Austria, 199.
Authie, 306, 327, 558, 613.
Avebury, 209, 213, 240.
Avebury, Lord, 45.
_See_ Lubbock.
Avienus, Festus, 218, 490-2, 512.
Avon (Hampshire), 25, 27.
Awls, bone, 42;
stone, 80;
bronze, 140, 182.
Axe-hammers, 78.
Axes, stone, 3, 73, 131;
bronze, 144;
engravings of, 205;
iron, 253.
Aylesford, 5;
bucket, 237;
pottery, 242-4;
interments, 287-8;
Caesar may have crossed Medway at, 344.
Babylonia, 125.
Badbury Rings, 134, 137.
Balbus, 328.
Balearic islanders, 111.
Baltic, 14.
Banffshire, 194 n. 3;
stone circles of, 208-9.
Baoussé-Roussé, 34, 382.
Barbed arrow-heads, 80-1, 477 note.
Bards, 266.
Barham, 679-82.
Barrows, 3, 6, 8, 11.
_See_ Long barrows, Round barrows.
Barton Mere, 154.
Basket-work, 197.
Basques, 94, 399-400, 455;
Basque language, 407, 420.
Bateman, T., 5, 6 n. 1.
Bath, 207.
_Bâtons de commandement_, 48 n. 1.
Batten Promontory, 397.
Battersea, 158.
Battle-axes,
stone, 78, 131;
bronze, 132 note, 145.
Baumes-Chaudes, 93, 401.
Beads, lignite and shale, 92;
amber, 163, 167, 469;
glass, 162 n. 1, 167-8, 170, 183, 241, 357, 469;
jet, 167.
Beansale, 260 n. 1.
Bear, brown, 30, 68;
grizzly, 30, 68.
Beavers, 68.
Beddoe, J., 8, 385-6, 393-6, 425-6, 434, 437, 440-1, 445, 448.
Bedford, 40 n. 2.
Beech, 600, 661-2.
Beechey, Sir F. W., 607, 608 n. 3, 612 n. 6.
Beehive huts, 65, 155, 262.
Beer, 224, 261.
Bekesbourne, 679-80.
Belerium, 221, 499, 502 n. 8, 507.
Belgae, 232-6;
not identical with ‘round-heads’ of Bronze Age, 429-30;
date of their invasion of Britain, 233-4, 434, 445-6, 456, 459-60;
theory that they were Goidels, 449-54;
British tribe of that name, 232, 454, 460;
of Gaul, 250, 300-1.
‘Belgic ditches,’ 11.
Belgium, 30, 38, 82.
Belisama, 281.
Bell barrows, 175, 176 n. 1, 185 n. 3, 470.
‘Bell-pits,’ 516-7.
Bellovaci, 365.
Beltout, 97.
Bere Regis, 162.
Bericus, 370-1.
Berkshire, 36, 101, 130, 134, 138, 153 n. 9, 194 n. 3, 235, 240, 251,
267 n. 3, 347.
Bertrand, A., 9, 438 n. 3.
Berwickshire, 194 n. 3, 262.
Bexhill, 619.
Bibracte, 237, 283, 286 n. 2, 584-5.
Bibroci, 346, 700.
Bigbury, 256-7;
stormed by 7th legion (?), 337, 685.
Bill-hooks, 253.
Birdlip, 435 n. 1.
Bits, horses’, 152, 238, 264-5.
Blancnez, Cape, 306, 565.
Blandeno, 329, 727.
Blashenwell Farm, 63.
Bleasdale, 179.
‘Blue-stones,’ 214, 470, 479-80.
Boadicea, 269, 296-7, 347.
Boars, 68, 88, 202, 357, 407;
worshipped, 284.
Boduni, 362 n. 7.
Bognor, 19.
Boissier, G., 277.
Bokerly Dyke, 260 n. 1.
_Bol_, 451 n. 2.
Bone implements, 5, 42, 82, 158, 160.
Bonnington, 604, 639-40, 642.
Bononia, 591 n. 1.
Borreby, 430, 441.
_Bos longifrons_, 88.
Boudicca.
_See_ Boadicea.
Boulder clay, 15, 18, 20, 22-3.
Boule, Monsieur M., 14 n. 1, 29, 30 n. 3.
Boulogne, 306, 552-3, 557, 572-7, 579, 584;
identical with Portus Itius, 585-95, 643, 652, 658.
Bournemouth, 25, 32.
Bowl barrows, 175, 176 n. 1, 185 n. 1, 470.
Bracelets, 158, 163, 165;
Late Celtic, 241.
Brachycephalic invaders.
_See_ Round-headed invaders.
Brandon, 23, 44. 69-70.
Brassempouy, 198, 383 n. 2.
Breeches, 264-5.
_Breithyn_, 460.
Brentford, Caesar may have crossed Thames at, 344, 661, 697-8, 741.
_Bretain_, 460-1.
Bridge, 680-1.
Brigantes, 269, 359, 360 n. 2.
Brigantia, 280.
Brigit, 280.
Bristol Channel, 20, 62, 224.
Britain, materials for ‘prehistory’ of, 1-12;
continental during part of Pleistocene Period, 19-22;
origins of civilization neolithic, 63-4;
geography of neolithic, 64;
comparative backwardness of bronze culture, 171;
political and social conditions of, compared with those of Gaul, 270-1;
ties between Britons and Gauls, 299-300;
how Britons were affected by Caesar’s campaigns in Gaul, 300;
Caesar’s invasions of, 301-54;
history of, between Caesar’s departure and A.D. 43, 355-72;
Roman conquest of, 372.
Britanni (Gallic tribe), 235, 459-60.
_Britanni_, the name, 459-61.
British Association, 4.
British Isles identified with Cassiterides, 491, 493-4, 497-8.
British Museum, 9, 12 n. 1, 70, 158, 217 n. 1.
_Brittani_, 459-60.
Brittany, 19, 65, 109, 111, 155 n. 1, 171, 185, 194, 200, 212.
_Brittones_, 459-60.
Brixham Cave, 37.
Broad Down, 159 n. 1.
Broca, P., 9, 93, 376-7, 381, 430, 437-9.
Brochs, 7, 262, 464.
Bronze Age, 6-7, 121-230;
period of its commencement, 126-7;
no apparent interval between, and Roman occupation at Cranborne Chase,
267;
origin of bronze, 9, 124-6;
of British bronze culture, 126;
bronze implements used for centuries in Britain before Iron Age, 123-4;
social organization of invaders, 128-9;
their settlements, 129-31;
coins, 249, 358;
implements and weapons, 140-9;
hoards, 149-50;
ornaments, 158, 161-7;
backwardness of culture in Britain, 171.
_See_ Transition.
Brooches, 183 n. 6, 232, 240, 264.
Brutus, Decimus, 304.
Bruyos, islands of, wrongly identified with Cassiterides, 488.
Bryce, T. H., 7, 435 n. 1.
Brythonic, 421-3.
Brythons, 228-9, 232-6, 409-12;
date of their invasion of Britain, 233-4, 445-6;
religion, 274;
did they hold aloof from Druidism? 290-1;
not identical with early round-headed invaders, 428-40;
ethnology of, 444-53, 456, 458-61.
Buckets, 237, 246.
Buckinghamshire, 36, 153, 194 n. 3.
Buckland, W., 4.
‘Bulb of percussion,’ 44.
Bulford, 183.
Bull, wild, 48.
‘Bull-roarers,’ 49.
Bulverhythe, 604, 621 n. 3.
Burghead, 259.
Burial customs, 8;
neolithic, 110-2, 114-5;
of Bronze Age, 173, 184-91, 200-5;
of Early Iron Age, 286-8.
Bury St. Edmunds skull, 33, 380, 455.
Bute, 94 note, 110, 185.
Buttons, 161-2, 189;
gold, 131, 162;
stone, bone, wood, and jet, 161;
with V-shaped holes, 161-2;
bronze and ivory, 162;
in interments, 189.
Caddington, 25, 39, 44, 60.
Cae Gwyn, 23.
Caermarthenshire, 35.
Caesar, Gaius Julius, his limited knowledge of Britain, 1-2;
mentions no Gallic invaders of Britain except Belgae, 232-3;
wrote to Q. Cicero in Greek characters, 266;
on Britons of the interior, 267;
on social and political conditions of Gaul and Britain, 268-71;
on Gallic religion, 274-8, 281-2, 285;
on Druids, 289-90, 292-6, 298 n. 6;
how his Gallic campaigns affected Britons, 300;
first invasion of Britain, 301-25;
landing-place, 309-12, 315-6, 595-665;
disembarkation, 316-7, 673;
sites of his camps, 317, 335, 673-4;
credibility of his narrative, 319, 349 n. 3, 666-72;
forces passage of Stour near Canterbury and storms a British fort,
337, 678-85;
his earlier operations in 54 B.C., 337-8, 685-8;
second combat with the Britons, 339-41, 688-91;
crosses the Thames, 345-6, 692-9;
storms Cassivellaunus’s stronghold, 347, 699-702;
results of his invasions, 355-72;
his reform of the calendar, 707-26.
_See_ Table of Contents.
‘Caesar’s Camp’ (Folkestone), 134 n. 12.
Cairns, 67.
_See_ Chambered barrows, Horned cairns, Round barrows.
Caithness, chambered cairns of, 102, 106;
brochs, 262;
skulls, 394.
Calais, not Portus Itius, 306, 552, 565;
coast between, and Somme, 517-8.
Caledonians, 361 note, 416-8.
Calendar, of Coligny, 296;
Julian, 707-26.
Caligula, 369.
Callernish, 207, 209, 215 n. 3.
Calleva, 255, 366;
inscription found at, 451-2.
Calver, E. K., 607-10.
Cambrian Archaeological Association, 5.
Cambridgeshire, 36, 194 n. 3.
Camden, W., 2, 12, 213, 345.
Camps, 7, 11, 156-7.
_See_ Hill-forts.
Camulodunum, 255, 278, 299 n. 5, 359, 362.
Camulogenus, 342.
Camulus, 278, 454 n. 4.
Canche, 306, 324, 327, 518, 586.
Cann, 267 n. 2.
Cannibalism, 113-4, 268 n. 1.
Canoes, 61.
Canterbury, 253, 336-7, 339, 344, 660, 682-5.
Cantii, 255, 366, 454.
Cantium, 663.
Cantonal organization, 233 note.
Caractacus.
_See_ Caratacus.
Caratacus, 370-1.
Cardiganshire, 139.
Carl’s Wark, 135.
Carn Brea, 134, 258.
Carnarvonshire, 66 n. 3, 184, 194 n. 3, 205, 295 n. 1.
Carse of Stirling, 62.
Cartailhac, E., 9.
Carthaginians, Atlantic trade of, 220, 491, 496 n. 5, 512;
trade inherited by Veneti, 303.
Cartismandua, 269.
Cassi, 346, 700-1.
Cassiobury, 701.
Cassiterides, 483-98, 514.
_Cassiteros_, 494.
Cassivellaunus, his opposition to Trinovantes, 300, 327;
elected commander-in-chief against Caesar, 339;
his military operations, 341-7, 669;
sues for peace, 349-50, 670-1;
distance of his country from the sea, 692-3, 704;
site of his stronghold, 699-702.
See also 731-3.
Castle Law, 258-9.
Cattedown Cave, 380, 455.
Catti, 360.
Cattle, 57 n. 2, 88, 151, 354, 357, 406.
Catuvellauni, 232, 235, 299 n. 5, 354, 361-2, 701, 704;
oppose Trinovantes, 300, 309;
Commius tries to check, 365;
their territory, 454.
Cauldrons, 158.
Cavalry, Gallic, raised by Caesar, 301, 313, 331;
Caesar feels want of, in 55 B.C., 317, 320, 324, 635-6;
operations of British, in 55 B.C., 316, 321;
in 54 B.C., 336, 339-40, 342-3;
Caesar’s, fail to reach Britain in 55 B.C., 318-9;
service rendered by Commius’s, 323;
operations of Caesar’s, in 54 B.C., 335-7, 339-46, 616, 686-91, 698-9;
how British fought in conjunction with chariots, 674, 676-7, 688-91;
British depicted on coins, 689.
_See_ Transports.
‘Cave-men,’ 22, 38, 383-5.
Caversham, 32.
Caves, exploration of, 4-5;
frescoes in Pyrenaean, 35 n. 3;
implements found in, 36, 42;
inhabited in Palaeolithic Age, 37, 46;
implements compared with those of drift, 38-40, 383-5;
neolithic relics in, 67;
inhabited and used as sepulchres in Neolithic Age, 100;
and in Bronze Age, 178;
still inhabited in Early Iron Age, 261;
neolithic skeletons found in, 393-6.
_See_ Brixham, Creswell Crags, Heathery Burn, Kent’s Cavern, Rains
Cave, &c.
Cavities under barrows, 202 n. 3.
Cefn, 395.
Celtac, 430, 436, 438-9, 444.
Celtic languages, 8, 127-8, 433.
_See_ Brythonic, Goidelic.
‘Celticans,’ 413, 445.
Celts, not identical with earlier round-headed invaders, 127-8, 428-40;
date of their invasion of Britain, 128, 229, 233-4, 432-3, 445-52, 455;
ethnology of, 433-40, 444-54, 456-8.
_See_ Brythons, Goidels, ‘P’ Celts, ‘Q’ Celts.
Celts, stone, 69, 75-7;
bronze, 140-1, 144;
socketed, 126, 141, 144, 148-9;
celts in interments, 181 n. 3, 183;
as amulets, 205;
bronze socketed celt associated with silver coins, 267 n. 2.
Cemeteries, of Bronze Age, 178-9;
of Early Iron Age, 287-8.
_See_ ‘Danes’ Graves’, Scorborough Park.
Cenimagni, 346-7, 700.
Cenotaphs, 180-1, 212.
Cephalic index, 396-8.
Cereals, 64, 89, 407.
_See_ Corn.
Cerne Giant, 206 n. 5.
Cernunnos, 282 n. 2, 284.
Chalk, used for manure, 253, 515-7;
chalk downs, prehistoric settlements on, 68, 130;
cultivated, 90, 660 n. 4.
Chambered barrows, compared with dolmens, 65-6;
chambered long barrows, 101-6, 173-4;
round, 101-2, 107-8, 173;
chambered cairns of South-Western Scotland, 108-9;
interments in chambers, 112, 173.
_See_ Bleasdale, Horned cairns, Ronsay, Wor Barrow.
Chambers, subterranean, 87.
Chancelade, 35, 382, 385 n. 1, 455.
Chanctonbury Rings, 97.
Channel, English, 16, 19 n. 1, 32, 300, 303, 311, 334, 372.
Channel Islands, 19, 102, 194, 196, 222, 501.
Chariots, 312, 328;
oppose Caesar’s landing, 316, 597, 642-3;
operations of, in 54 B.C., 339-45, 352-3, 689-92, 699;
general account of, 674-7.
Chellean implements, 39 n. 1, 41 n. 3.
Cherbury, 138.
Cheshire, 16, 208, 235, 252, 279.
Chevron, 149, 162, 197-9, 236.
Chiefs, barrows erected in honour of, 100-1, 114, 117, 177-9.
_See_ Kings.
Chifflet, J., 2.
Chilham, 682-3.
Chinese may have been the first to use bronze, 125.
Chipping of tools, 44, 73-5.
Chisels, stone, 75, 77;
bronze, 140-1, 144.
Chishull, E., 363.
Christison, J., 7, 87 n. 1, 259 n. 3.
Chronology, palaeolithic, 31-2;
neolithic, 32 n. 1, 62-4;
of the Bronze Age, 126-7, 432-3;
of round barrows, 181-4, 476 n. 1;
of Caesar’s invasions of Britain, 706-7, 726-35.
_See_ Calendar.
Chrysoister, 262 note.
Church, British, 372.
Church Hole, 45 note.
_Churingas_, 199.
Cicero, M. Tullius,
his friendship with Diviciacus, 275;
on Deiotarus, 297;
his correspondence about Caesar’s invasions of Britain, 327-9, 333,
335, 348-50, 707, 728, 731-5;
in relation to credibility of Caesar’s narrative, 666-8.
Cicero, Quintus, 266;
with Caesar in Britain, 328-9;
his correspondence, 333, 335, 667-8, 728, 731, 734-5.
_Cicht_, 414.
Cinerary urns, 180, 182 n. 5, 185-7, 190, 193-4, 288, 467;
Late Celtic, 242-3, 288.
Cingetorix, 330, 370.
Circles, concentric, on shields, 146;
on bronze celts and spear-heads, 149;
on an incense cup, 183;
symbolical of sun-worship, 198-200, 206-7;
on cists and rocks, 205-6;
concentric stone circles, 177;
megalithic, 209.
Cisalpine Gaul, 326-7, 726-7.
Cissbury, 7;
flint mines, 69, 71;
date of fort, 98;
entrances, 138 n. 1;
fort described, 256;
implements of palaeolithic type at, 387.
Cists, 8, 173, 177, 179, 186-7, 205.
Civil jurisdiction exercised by Druids, 293-4.
_Civitates_, 269.
Clans, 52-5, 118, 128, 269, 271.
_See_ Intertribal war.
_Classis Britannica_, 545, 589 n. 1, 664.
Claudius Caesar, 239, 249, 357-9, 371, 589.
Claverdon, 260 n. 1.
Cleveland, 184-6.
‘Cliff-castles,’ 135, 136 n. 1.
Climate in Palaeolithic Age, 25 n. 3.
Clothing, of palaeolithic man, 47;
neolithic, 91;
in Bronze Age, 156, 160-2;
corpses interred in clothes, 189;
Late Celtic clothing, 264-5.
Clwyd, Vale of, 23.
Clyde, 62.
Coast, between Calais and the Somme, 517-8;
of Kent in Caesar’s time, 518-52.
Cock-fighting, 264.
Coffey, G., 169 n. 2, 170 n. 1, 172 n. 2, 198 n. 3.
Coffins, 159 n. 1, 173.
Coins, British, 5, 11;
Dumnonii had none, 222, 501;
probably first struck in Britain by Belgae, 233-4;
general account of British, 248-50;
inscribed, show knowledge of writing, 266;
religious significance of, 273;
as materials for British history, 357-70;
found near Sandown Castle and at Stonar, 520-1;
and at Deal, 524;
chariots depicted on, 675;
also mounted warriors, 689.
Colchester, 255;
inscription, 415.
_See_ Camulodunum.
Coles, F. T., 7, 476.
Coligny, calendar of, 296.
Collignon, R., 377, 399-400, 431 n. 1, 439 n. 1.
Columba, 421.
_Commentaries_, Caesar’s, 2, 10, 267, 298 n. 6, 339, 342, 348, 659;
credibility of, 666-72;
certain passages in, discussed:--
_quod inde ... traiectus_ (iv, 31, § 3), 554, 571;
_tertia fere vigilia_ (iv, 21, § 3), 615;
_montibus angustis_ (iv, 23, § 3), 597 n. 2, 613-4, 641-2, 652;
_ad horam nonam ... exspectavit_ (iv, 23, § 4), 597, 648-9;
_aliae ad inferiorem ... deicerentur_ (iv, 28, § 2), 636;
_quo ex portu ... continenti_ (v, 2, § 3), 558, 562, 619;
_sub sinistra conspexit_ (v, 8, § 2), 575-7, 616, 643, 655;
_aestus commutationem secutus_ (v, 8, § 3), 657;
_summa tranquillitate_ (v, 23, § 6), 617-9.
_See_ Mollis.
Commius, opposes Cassivellaunus, 300;
sent by Caesar to Britain, 309, 597;
arrested, 318;
service performed by his cavalry, 323;
accompanies Caesar to Britain (54 B.C.), 333;
negotiates for Cassivellaunus, 349, 670-1;
his dynasty, 361;
rebels against Caesar, 364-5;
his conquests in Britain, 365-6, 371.
Comparative method, 8.
Concubines, 270 n. 2.
‘Continuance Theory,’ 295.
Contorted drift, 25, 39, 60.
Contracted position, 110-1, 187, 287.
Cooking, 46, 89, 155.
Copper Age, 121-2, 739;
mining, 139, 251;
metallurgy, 139-40;
coins, 249, 358, 362;
imported into Britain (?), 252 n. 1;
stain of, at Stonehenge, 470.
Coracles, 247.
Coral, 237, 240, 265, 739.
Corbilo, 221, 500-1, 507-8, 512.
Cores, 149.
Corinium, 255.
Coritani, 235, 390-1, 452.
Corn, not grown in Palaeolithic Age, 46;
ear of, sculptured in cave at Lourdes, 57;
grown on chalk downs, 90, 660 n. 4;
cultivated in Bronze Age, 151-2, 224;
how threshed, 224;
cultivated largely in Early Iron Age, 253-4, 260;
remains of, at Hunsbury, 267;
reaped by 7th legion, 321;
supplied by Trinovantes, 346;
exported in Strabo’s time, 357.
Cornavii, 235.
Cornwall, 20, 101-2, 115 n. 8, 130, 134, 140, 152, 154, 174, 205, 239,
250, 359-60;
identified with Cassiterides, 493, 497;
cairns, 107 n. 8, 108;
hill-forts, 135;
mining, 139, 249, 502-3 n. 8, 509-11;
huts, 153-5, 261;
poor in relics, 168, 200;
interments, 184;
peculiar pottery, 195 note;
megalithic monuments, 208, 209 note, 211 n. 1;
trade, 218, 501-2, 504-7, 509-11.
_Corus_, 555 n. 2.
Cosmas Indicopleustes, 226.
Côte-d’Or, 436.
Cotentin, 304.
Cotswold Hills, 176, 210.
Councils, 270, 330, 332.
_Couvade_, 94-5, 407 n. 6.
Coway Stakes, 693-7.
Cowlam, 183 n. 6, 231.
Cow’s tooth, 203.
Cranborne Chase, 103 n. 2, 105, 138, 175 n. 4, 177 n. 2, 179, 201
note, 267.
_See_ Bronze Age, Handley Down, Handley Hill Camp, Martin Down Camp,
Rushmore, South Lodge Camp, Wor Barrow, Woodcuts.
Cranbrook Castle, 135 note.
Cranial forms, 378.
Craniology, 3.
_See_ Cephalic index, Cranial forms, Ethnology.
Crannogs, 263 n. 2, 463.
Crassus (the triumvir), 334.
Crassus, Publius (consul of 95 B.C.), 494.
Crassus, Publius (son of the triumvir), 303-4, 485, 488-9, 493-7.
Crayford, 42, 44.
Credibility of Caesar’s narrative, 349 n. 3, 666-72.
Cremation in Neolithic Age, 110, 401;
in Bronze Age, 184-90, 229;
religious significance of, different from that of inhumation (?)
204-5, 465-6;
practised by Belgae, 234 n. 1, 286;
Sergi’s views on, 400-1.
Creswell Crags, 35, 37, 39, 47, 382.
_See_ Church Hole, Robin Hood Cave.
Crete, 5.
Criminal jurisdiction, 293-4.
Crinan, 177 n. 4.
Crocodiles in London Clay, 14.
Croham Hurst, 85.
Croll, James, 31.
Cro-Magnon, 382, 397 n. 8.
Cromer, 23.
Cromlechs, 65 n. 3.
Croydon, 85, 87.
Cruthni, 411-2, 418-9.
Cumberland, 101, 194 n. 3, 205, 247 n. 3.
Cumbrian mountains, 14.
Cunnington, W., 3, 186 n. 4, 188 n. 6, 469 n. 7, 480.
Cunobeline, 361-3, 366, 368-70, 372.
Cup-markings, 205-6.
Currency-bars, 250-1.
Curvilinear decoration, 236-9.
Cyprus, 198 n. 3.
Daggers, 82, 131, 182;
flint, 80;
bone, 82;
bronze, 131, 140, 145, 147;
decoration of, 149;
with handles of amber and ivory, 162;
in interments, 182, 201;
carved dagger-handles (?) 35;
Late Celtic sheath, 239.
Dalmatia, 367, 442.
Dananns, 391 n. 5.
‘Danes’ Graves,’ 288 n. 1, 435 n. 1, 739.
Danube, 170.
D’Anville, J. B. B., 2, 634.
_See_ _Stadia_.
Darent, 25.
Dartmoor, 6, 96;
hut-circles, 154-6;
kistvaens, 189 n. 1;
stone rows, 208, 212;
‘blue-stones’ fetched from (?), 214;
tin, 503 note.
Darwin, Sir G., 606.
Daventry, 110 n. 12.
David, Félicien, 275.
Davis, J. B., 5, 8, 394.
Dawkins, W. Boyd, 5, 23 n. 7, 40 n. 2, 45 note, 84 n. 2, 125 n. 2,
129 n. 2, 383-90, 400 n. 3, 406-7, 429, 465-6.
_Dea Arduinna_, 272.
_Deae matres_, 283.
Deal, amber found at, 168;
reconnaissance of, by Volusenus, 311;
Caesar’s landing at, 316;
ancient topography of, 519, 521-4;
Caesar drifts to latitude of, 575;
theory that Caesar landed at, in 55 B.C., 604-5, 626-7, 632,
641 n. 1, 644-62, 664-5;
distance between, and Great Stour, 682;
castle, 521-3, 525, 604, 664.
Deer, 68, 88, 91, 113.
Deer-horn implements, 74, 158, 160.
_See_ Picks.
Deiotarus, 297.
Demeter, 210 n. 5.
Denbighshire, 35, 184, 188 n. 2, 194 n. 3.
Dene-holes, 253, 515-7.
Denmark, 66, 77, 89, 105 n. 2, 127, 144, 172, 194.
Derbyshire, 5, 35, 37, 68, 83, 102, 110 n. 5, 129-30, 135, 165, 167,
175-6, 194 n. 3, 208, 235;
chambered cairns of, 108;
poor in ornaments, 169;
interments in, 184, 185 n. 3, 188 n. 2.
Derwent Moor, 108.
Desjardins, A. E. E., 562 n. 2, 573 n. 2, 583, 586, 589-90, 591 n. 1.
Deux-Sèvres, 410-1.
Devonshire, 20, 35, 117, 130, 133, 135, 155, 162, 174, 194 n. 3, 208,
359-60;
cists in, 179;
interments, 184.
Devonshire Association, 6.
Dew-ponds, 138.
Dewlish, 27 n. 5.
Dilston Park, 192 n. 1.
Diodorus Siculus, 1, 111, 219, 223, 265, 294, 358.
Diogenes Laertius, 289, 291 n. 2.
Dion Cassius, 1, 360 n. 4, 628, 630-1, 650-1.
Dis Pater, 281-3, 296.
Disk barrows, 175-6, 183 n. 1, 189, 208;
near Stonehenge, 469;
near Rollright Stones, 470.
Disks, bronze, 158;
gold, 167;
symbolical of sun worship, 207.
Diviciacus, 299-300, 454 n. 4.
Diviciacus (the Druid), 275, 298 n. 6, 332.
Division of labour, 83.
Dobuni, 255, 362, 370.
Dogger Bank, 22.
Dogs, not domesticated in Palaeolithic Age, 46;
used for hunting and eaten in Neolithic Age, 88;
interment of, 114.
Dolmens, 8;
evidence of, as to origin of later neolithic invaders of Britain,
65-7, 402-5.
Dolo, 644 n. 2.
Domestic animals, introduced into Britain by neolithic immigrants, 64,
88-9;
largely eaten in Bronze Age, 151;
bones of, in barrows, 202;
European origin of, 406-7.
Domestication of animals, 55-7.
Domnoveros, 360 n. 2.
Dorchester (Oxfordshire), 246.
Dorsetshire, 27 n. 5, 32 n. 2, 96, 101, 116, 130, 133-4, 151, 156,
160, 162, 177 n. 2, 178, 194 n. 3, 205, 208, 242, 251;
absence of chambered barrows in, 102;
bowl and disk barrows, 175-6;
interments, 184, 187-8, 190, 203;
incense-cups rare, 196.
Dover, 336, 604, 616, 641;
Straits of, in Ice Age, 16, 22;
time of high tide at, on Aug. 26-8, 55 B.C., 609-10;
inscribed tiles found at, 664.
Dover Castle, 32, 311, 315, 530 note, 653.
Dover cliffs, 315, 627, 642;
erosion of, 528-30;
Airy denies that Caesar anchored off, 631-4, 652.
Dover harbour, 310, 314, 530-1, 597 n. 2;
Caesar hoped to land in, 314, 645-6, 651-2.
Downs, The, 526-7, 665 n. 3.
Dowris, 152.
Dress.
_See_ Clothing.
Driffield, 240.
_See_ ‘Danes’ Graves.’
Drinking-cups, 6, 97 n. 2, 109 n. 2, 179, 191-2, 194-5, 288, 443, 467.
Druidesses (?), 296-7.
Druids, opposed to anthropomorphism, 83 n. 3, 286;
dolmens erected by (?), 114-5;
wore ornaments, 163;
may have worshipped in stone circles, 210;
wrote in Greek characters, 265;
political power of, 271, 298 n. 6;
influence on Celtic religion, 276, 298;
general account of, 289-98.
‘Drums,’ 199.
_Dryades_, 297 note.
Dubnoreix, 331, 360 n. 2.
Dubnovellaunus, 363, 366-9.
Duck Marsh, 547-8.
Duelling, 261.
Du Fresne, C., 2.
Dumbuck, 463-4.
Dumnonii, 359 n. 12, 447, 501;
of Scotland, 447-8.
Dumnorix, 269, 331-3, 358, 360 n. 2.
Dumnovellaunus, 360 n. 2.
_See_ Dubnovellaunus.
Dunbuie, 463-4.
Dungeness, 536, 632, 654.
Durham, 101, 130, 133 note, 194 n. 3, 267 n. 1, 359.
Durotriges, 133, 359.
Durovernum, 336.
_See_ Canterbury.
Dwellings, exploration of, needed, 11;
palaeolithic, 46;
neolithic, 84-7;
of Bronze Age, 153-60;
of the rich in Early Iron Age, 254;
of Early Iron Age generally, 256-7, 259-64.
_See_ Beehive huts, Caves, ‘Earth-houses,’ Hut-circles, Hut-clusters,
Lake-dwellings, Mound-dwellings, ‘Picts’ houses,’ Weems.
Dymchurch, 532, 534-6, 538, 551.
Each End, 519.
Early Iron Age, 5, 7, 9, 230-300.
_See_ Iron, ‘Late Celtic’ Period.
Earrings, 165-6.
‘Earth-houses,’ 7. 391.
Earthworks, 7, 11, 98 n. 3, 157 n. 2.
_See_ Camps, Flamborough Head, Hill-forts.
East Ham skull, 395, 397.
East Runton, 23.
East Wear Bay, 310, 532, 635, 646, 650-1.
Eceni, 235.
_See_ Iceni.
Eggardun, 84 n. 2, 96, 153.
Egypt, 9, 82, 122-5, 171 n. 3.
Ehenside Tarn, 76.
Elephant, 23 n. 7, 48, 386 n. 5;
straight-tusked, 37, 40;
_elephas meridionalis_, 27 n. 5.
Elevation of land, in Pleistocene Period, 15-7, 19-22;
in Neolithic Age, 20, 62.
Elginshire, 165, 170 n. 1, 194 n. 3.
Elks, 30, 68.
Elton, 178.
Ely, Isle of, 254.
Emporiae, 248 n. 2.
Enamelling, 237-8, 246, 265.
Eoliths, 25-30, 46;
eolithic man (?), 379-80.
Epaticcus, 361-2.
Epona, 278-9, 284 n. 5.
Eppillus, 365-6, 452 n. 3.
Equinox, 323, 350;
chronological arguments based upon mention of, 709 n. 2, 710-3, 734.
Eratosthenes, 219, 223.
Esk, 134.
Eskimos, 42, 48 n. 1, 102, 388-9.
Essex, 36, 137 n. 4, 235, 242, 253-4, 346, 363 n. 6.
Esus, 276, 278.
Ethnography, 8-9;
ethnographic census, 375 n. 1.
Ethnology, 10, 375-458.
_See_ Celts, ‘Iberian’ race, Long Barrow race, Mediterranean race,
Picts, Pygmies, Round-headed invaders, Skeletons.
Etruria, 158.
Evans, A. J., 5, 9, 171 n. 3, 233, 288, 468-70, 476-8.
Evans, Sir J., 4-5, 7 n. 1, 21 n. 5, 23, 24 note, 26, 28 n. 2, 32 n. 2,
40 n. 2, 59, 74, 126, 232 n. 3, 360, 370 n. 4, 386-8, 432.
Excavation, 6-8, 11, 96, 134 n. 12.
Exogamy, 53.
Extended position, 110 n. 11, 188, 287.
Eyford, 114.
‘Fabricators,’ 74.
Fairlight, 310.
‘Fairy-darts,’ 3.
Falkirk, 62.
Falster, 127, 430, 441.
Fens, 77-8.
Fernacre, 211 n. 1.
Fernworthy. 212 n. 2.
Fetichism, 116.
_Fibulae._
_See_ Brooches.
Fifeshire, 174, 186, 190 n. 9, 194 n. 3.
Finns, 441.
Fir-Bolg, 451 n. 2.
Fire, how produced in prehistoric times, 46, 80;
worshipped, 282, 462.
Fish-hooks, 151.
Fisherton, 84 n. 2.
Five Wells, 108.
Flagon, bronze, 246.
Flakes, flint, 41, 44, 73-4, 79-80, 82;
in interments, 115;
chips in cinerary urns, 204, 288.
Flamborough Head, earthworks near, 157 n. 2, 441.
Flint quarries, 7, 73.
_See_ Cissbury, Grime’s Graves.
Flintshire, 162, 252.
Flower, Sir W., 4.
Folkestone, 531-2, 650, 652;
harbour, 310, 634-5, 645-6;
theory that Caesar landed at, 604.
Folk-lore, 8-10, 94, 375;
of Rollright Stones, 213.
Folkton Wold, 199, 464.
Fontenay, 401.
Food-vessels, 191, 193-4, 196, 467;
food-vessel (?) found in Stonehenge, 467.
Fordwich, 660, 683-4.
Forest Bed, 23.
Forests, submerged, 20, 62-3;
obstruct settlers, 68, 130;
difficulty of clearing, 90-1;
gradually cleared, 151, 253;
worshipped, 272;
Forest of Dean, 251.
_See_ Andred, Wealden Forest.
Forfarshire, 167, 194 n. 3.
Forgers, 358.
Forth, 62.
Fowls, 55, 264.
Fox, bones of, in urn, 203.
France, 9, 28, 35, 47, 56, 63, 65 n. 3, 82, 96, 105 n. 2, 109-10, 113,
115, 119, 141, 144, 151, 168, 171, 205, 211-2, 259.
Franks, Sir A. W., 6.
Frazer, J. G., 58 n. 2, 277, 463.
Frere, John, 3-4.
Friar’s Heel, 214, 472, 474-6.
Funeral feasts, 113-4, 202.
Fyvie, 81.
Gades, 485, 497, 511-2.
Gaelic, 227, 229.
‘Galates,’ 438 n. 3.
Galicia, headlands of, identified with Cassiterides, 489.
Galleys, in war with Veneti, 302-5;
in Caesar’s first invasion of Britain, 313, 316-8;
wrecked, 320.
See also 335, 338, 554-5, 596-9, 662.
_Galli_, senses in which Caesar used the word, 290, 438 n. 3.
Games, 264.
Gard, 200.
Garrowby Hill, 181 n. 1.
Garson, J. G., 8, 379 n. 2, 382 n. 2, 385, 394-6, 408.
Garton-on-the-Wolds, 385 n. 7.
Gaul, 1, 65, 67, 128, 148, 218;
British bronze culture indebted to, 126;
bronze imported from, 144;
trade with, 172 (_see_ Merchants);
Gallic coins in Britain, 250;
how Britons were affected by Caesar’s campaigns in, 300.
Gav’r Inis, 171, 200.
Geese, Britons forbidden to eat, 55;
goose interred in a long barrow, 114.
Geikie, Sir A., 31.
Gelderland, 194.
Geminus, 219, 225.
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 362, 369.
Geologists, 8.
Germanicus, 369.
Germany, 60-1, 66, 68, 105 n. 2, 110, 115, 140, 145, 194, 205, 211;
German influence on British bronze culture, 126;
cavalry, 354, 690.
Gesoriacum, 306, 583-4, 586, 588 n. 1, 589-91.
Glamorganshire, 35, 37, 134, 168, 194 n. 3, 203, 208, 426.
Glass beads, in Bronze Age, 162 n. 1, 167-8, 170, 183;
in Early Iron Age, 241, 357;
in barrows near Stonehenge, 469.
Glastonbury, 7, 241-2, 251, 263-4;
skeletons, 435 n. 1.
Gloucestershire, 8, 92, 101, 106, 110 n. 10, 112, 114, 184, 208, 251.
Gloves, 47, 388.
Glutton, 20, 47.
Goats, 71, 88, 113, 406.
Goidelic Celts, 234, 291, 409-14;
not identical with early round-headed invaders, 195, 428-40;
had they invaded Britain before Caesar’s time? 228-9, 445-52, 455;
religion of, 274, 281;
language, 420-4, 444-53, 455-6, 458;
inscriptions, 446-7, 449, 451-2.
Gold, worn and used for decoration by wealthy in Bronze Age, 131,
162-3, 165;
associated with tin, 139;
sources of, 168, 249;
exported from Ireland, 168;
comparative abundance of relics in Scotland, 168;
and in Wiltshire, 168-70, 469;
ornaments in Scottish cemeteries, 179;
rare in Early Iron Age, 241;
coins, 248-50, 358;
ornaments imported in Strabo’s time, 357.
_Golden Bough_, 10.
Goodwin Sands, 312, 334, 525-8, 655-9.
Gop, 178.
Gouges, stone, 75, 77-8;
bronze, 140-1, 144.
Gower, 107.
Gowland, W., 6, 140 n. 1, 251, 739.
Grannos, 280.
Gravels, 4, 21 n. 5, 25, 30, 36.
_See_ Alderbury, Eoliths, High-level drift, Plateau gravels.
Graves, moundless, 178-9, 208, 232 n. 2, 287.
Gray’s Inn Lane, 4.
Great Orme’s Head, 66 n. 3.
Great Pyramid, 123 n. 1.
Great Stour, Caesar defeats Britons on banks of, 336, 353, 660-2, 664,
678-9, 682-5.
_See_ also 339, 687, Chilham, Fordwich, Sturry, Thanington, Wye.
Greeks, 204, 217-8;
Greek letters, 266.
Greenhill, 186.
Greenland, 17, 94.
Greenwell, W., 5, 26, 103 n. 2, 109 n. 2, 181 n. 3, 184 n. 6, 185 n. 5,
231, 232 n. 2, 409, 434.
Grenelle race, 405, 431 n. 2, 438 n. 3, 443, 455-6, 458.
Grime’s Graves, 69, 471.
Grimspound, 155.
Grimthorpe, 436 note.
Grinding of stone implements, 73.
Grisnez, Cape, 2, 32, 306, 319, 565-6;
erosion of, 528;
identical with Itian promontory (?), 570, 572-4.
Grove Ferry, 684.
Grovehurst, 85.
Guest, E., 11, 565-6, 569, 571-4, 577-8, 605, 694-8, 704.
_Gutuater_, 293 n. 2.
Haddon, A. C., 8, 431 n. 2, 432 n. 5.
Hagbourne Hill, bronze and iron objects associated at, 153 n. 9, 267;
Late Celtic pins, 240.
Halberds, 145.
Halliford, 345, 696, 698.
Hallstatt, 8 note, 124;
glass beads, 168, 241;
bronze objects of Hallstatt period, 182 n. 2;
amber necklaces, 183, 469;
chronology of period, hardly represented in Britain by iron objects,
229, 231;
connexion of Late Celtic culture with, 236.
Hamitic dialects, 67, 405-6.
Ham Marshes, 63, 395.
Hammeldon Down, 162.
Hammersmith, 240.
Hammer-stones, 42, 44, 73-5, 79.
Hammers, stone, 78, 149;
bronze, 149.
Hampshire, 25, 32, 36, 85, 130, 138, 194 n. 3, 232 n. 3, 235, 251,
347, 365.
Hamy, E. T., 9, 385-6, 436.
Handles, of palaeolithic tools, 44;
of neolithic, 76-8;
of bronze celts, 141;
of daggers, 145, 147;
of Late Celtic swords, 238.
Handley Down, 144 n. 10;
moundless interments, 178.
Handley Hill Camp, 156.
Hanging Grimston, 85.
Hangman’s Wood, 515-7.
Hares, Britons forbidden to eat, 55;
used in divination, 297.
Harpoons, 37, 42, 63.
Harrison, B., 25, 28.
Hartland, S., 58 n. 2, 204 note, 416.
Hastings, 82 n. 6, 530.
Hastings (the pirate), 540 note, 638-9.
Hatchets, stone, 69-70, 74-7;
bronze, 144.
Haverfield, F. J., 7, 139 n. 3, 250 n. 8, 254, 298 n. 6, 347 note,
371 n. 3, 422 n. 2, 483, 509-11.
Hawkins, E., 5.
Hayes Common, 85-6.
Hearn, Lafcadio, 275.
Heathery Burn Cave, 157-60;
skeletons, 444;
pottery, 467.
Hebrides, 191, 198, 262.
Heller, H. J., 553, 557 n. 4, 564, 569, 574-8, 592-3, 636, 643 n. 3,
647 n. 1, 648 n. 4.
Helmets, 238.
Helvetii, 300-1, 332, 342, 432, 439.
Hercules, 362, 513 n. 3.
Herefordshire Beacon, 259 n. 3.
Herne Bay, 37.
Herodian, 1, 418-9.
Hertfordshire, 36, 235.
Hervé, G., 9, 400 n. 3, 431 n. 2.
‘Hiatus’ (?), 11, 13, 59-61, 385-90.
Hicks, H., 23.
Highfield, 84 n. 2.
High-level drift, 24, 27, 30-2, 37, 39.
Highlands, Scottish, 14.
Hill-forts, of Neolithic Age, 95-6;
of Bronze Age, 132-9;
of Early Iron Age, 255-9, 337.
Himilco, 218, 490, 512.
Hinduism, 275 note.
Hinks, A., 217 n. 1., 472-3.
Hipparchus, 219.
Hippopotamus, 30, 40 n. 2, 48.
Hissarlik, 191, 198 note, 199-200.
Hitcham, 153.
Hitchin, 20 n. 3.
‘Hoar Rock in the Wood,’ 504.
Hoards, 126, 140, 149-50, 181 n. 3, 252 n. 1;
of gold ornaments, 165.
Hoare, Sir R. C., 3, 113, 159 n. 1, 162, 189-90, 215, 288 n. 1.
Hod Hill, 7, 240, 251, 255, 260.
Holderness, 87, 130, 154, 263.
Holed stones, 8, 115-6, 403;
at Aylesford, 288.
Holland, 119.
Hollingbury, 134.
Holyhead, 154.
Homer, 190, 218.
Homme Mort, 401.
_Homo primigenius_ (?), 34
_Homo sapiens_, 14, 34.
Horace, 84, 367.
Horned cairns, 106-7, 394, 403.
Horses, 47;
semi-domestication of, in Palaeolithic Age, 56;
rare in long barrows, 113 and n. 8;
eaten in Britain, 113, 152;
small size of British, 152, 343, 676;
well-bred, imported by Gauls, 342.
Horse-trappings, 152, 251, 264-5.
Hove, 159 n. 1.
Hoxne, 3, 20 n. 3, 22.
Hudan Fleot, 541, 542 n. 1.
Human sacrifice, in Neolithic Age, 112-3;
in Bronze Age, 203-4;
by Druids, 288, 293, 297-8.
Hünebedden, 403.
Hungary, 122, 126, 170.
Hunsbury, 7, 94 note, 137 n. 4, 238, 253, 259-60, 267.
Hunting, 46, 88, 151.
‘Hurlers, The,’ 481-2.
Hurleyford, 345.
Hurst, 604;
theory that Caesar landed at, 638-9, 646-7;
theory that Caesar landed between, and Kennardington, 639-44.
Hurstbourne, 84 n. 2.
Hut-circles, 6-7, 154-6, 263-4.
Hut-clusters, 262 note.
Huxley, T. H., 8, 34, 377, 381, 396-7, 430.
Hydrography, 10.
Hyena, 30, 37, 40, 48.
Hythe, 310, 532-3, 836-40, 547-9, 604-5;
theory that Caesar landed at, 622-37, 640-2, 650, 652, 655-7, 659-61;
Hythe harbour, useless to Caesar, 310, 632-3;
conformation of, 532, 536, 547-9, 622-4;
as described by Appach, 535 n. 5, 641.
‘Iberian’ race, 65, 398-401, 406-7, 455-6.
Ice Age, 14-25, 30-1.
Iceland, 223, 225.
Iceni, 235, 269, 347, 358, 370.
Icht, 413.
Ictis, 221-3, 246, 413, 499-500, 511;
not Thanet, 500-1;
nor the Isle of Wight, 501-7;
must be identified with St. Michael’s Mount, 502-7.
Ightham, 25.
Ilkley, 207.
Illyricum, 303, 327.
Immortality of the soul, 50, 117, 201-4, 274-6.
Incense-cups, 183, 191, 194, 196, 467, 477.
India, 31, 65, 82, 123, 177, 211.
Indo-European language, 127, 433;
‘Indo-European _p_,’ 410, 450-2.
Indutiomarus, 330, 333, 370, 667.
Infanticide, 128.
Infants, interment of, 128;
cremation of, 190.
Inhumation, in Palaeolithic Age at Mentone, 49, 204, 389, 460;
in Neolithic Age in Britain, 110-2;
in Bronze Age, 173, 184-9;
religious significance of, different from that of cremation (?),
204-5, 465-6;
on Arras Farm, 234 n. 1;
in Early Iron Age, 286-8;
Sergi’s views on, 400.
Inscriptions, 10;
as materials for history of Celtic religion, 273-4, 277-82;
at Colchester, 415-6;
‘Pictish,’ 420-1, 423;
Goidelic, 446-7, 449, 451-2.
Interglacial period (?), 15-6, 18, 20, 23.
Intertribal war, 68, 81, 95, 101, 119, 129, 131-2, 268-9.
Inverness, 17.
Inverness-shire, 102, 115 n. 8, 194 n. 3, 208.
Ipswich, 42.
Ireland, in Ice Age, 16;
dolmens in, 66, 403, 405;
pygmy flints, 82;
chambered cairns, 108;
well-worship, 116;
Copper Age, 122;
spearheads, 148;
cauldrons, 158;
gold, 168;
spiral ornament, 171;
only two drinking-cups found in, 195;
food-vessels and incense-cups frequent in, 196;
disks, 207;
‘bluestones,’ 214;
position of, indicated by Pytheas, 223, 352,
and Caesar, 352;
vitrified forts, 259;
crannogs, 263 n. 2;
cannibalism, 268 n. 1;
skulls of Long Barrow type found in, 398;
‘Pictish succession’ in, 415;
no ‘characteristic’ Round Barrow skulls found in, 432;
Goidelic invaders of, 446, 449;
Irish invaders of Britain, 448;
Ireland colonized by Belgae (?), 451 n. 2.
_See_ Dowris, Lough Crew, New Grange, and 108, 205, 432.
Irish Sea, in Ice Age, 16.
Iron implements not used in British Bronze Age, 123-4;
date of their introduction into Britain, 126, 231-2;
probably introduced by Brythons, 232;
iron pyrites, 46, 80;
mines, 230, 251, 260, 357.
_See_ Axes, Bill-hooks, Currency bars, Hallstatt, Mirrors, Noreia,
Ploughs, Sickles, Swords.
Ischalis, 232 n. 3.
Islay, 108.
Italy, 9, 21, 211;
probably a Copper Age in, 122;
British bronze culture connected with, 126.
Itchen, 32.
Ἴτιον, 556, 570-1, 577 8.
Itius.
_See_ Portus Itius.
Jade, 69 n. 1.
Japan, 66, 478.
Javelin-heads, 80.
Jet, 161, 167.
Jewellery, origin of, 92;
of Bronze Age, 163-70;
sham, 167;
Late Celtic, 241.
Julia, 348.
Julian calendar, 707-26.
Jullian, C., 226 n. 3, 273 n. 1, 277, 278 n. 2, 286 n. 6, 292 note,
298 n. 6.
‘Julliberrie’s Grave,’ 683 n. 6.
Jupiter, 275-6, 279-83, 285.
Kabyles, 416.
Κασσίτερος, 433, 453, 494.
Keiss, 396.
Kellythorpe, 162, 189.
Kennardington, 639-40, 643.
Kent, 5, 30, 33, 36, 67, 96 n. 3, 101, 130, 133, 194 n. 3, 235, 242, 254;
poor in ornaments, 170;
prototype of British coins frequent in, 249;
dene-holes, 253;
survival of old sepulchral rites, 268;
kings of, attack Caesar’s naval camp, 346.
_See_ Aylesford, Caesar, Coast, Commius, Cunobeline, Deal, Dover,
Great Stour, Landing in Britain, North Foreland, South Foreland,
Walmer, &c.
Kent’s Cavern, 4, 37, 42, 244.
Khasis, 214, 478.
Kilmartin, 205.
Kilts, 265.
Kimmeridge shale beads, 92;
cups, 159 n. 1;
bangles, 241.
‘Kimris,’ 438-9.
Kincardineshire, 208-9, 739.
Kings, 269-71;
of Kent, attack Caesar’s naval camp in 54 B.C., 353, 360, 669-70.
Kingsdown, 311, 334, 523, 651, 674.
Kingship, origin of, 58, 100-1, 117.
Kingston-on-Thames, 696-7.
Kingston (on the Little Stour), 679-80.
Kinross-shire, 194 n. 3.
Kirkcudbright, 135.
Kirkwall, 268 n. 1.
Kistvaens, 65 n. 4, 96, 189 n. 1.
Kit’s Coty House, 66 n. 3.
Knives, of flint, 75;
of bronze, 182.
Krapina, 381.
Kymri, 449-51.
Laberius Durus, 340, 683 n. 6.
Labienus, sent to country of Treveri, 304;
punishes Morini, 324, 593;
left in command in Gaul (54 B.C.), 334;
Caesar applies to, for shipwrights, 338;
warns Caesar of danger in Gaul, 349;
builds ships, 350, 584;
orders assassination of Commius, 365.
Lake barrow, 167, 469.
Lake District, 16.
Lake-dwellings, 7;
of Holderness, 87, 153-4;
of Switzerland, 87, 157.
_See_ Barton Mere, Crannogs, Glastonbury, Munro.
Lakes glacial origin of, 15;
worshipped, 116, 272.
La Madelaine, 46, 99, 383.
_Lamiis tribus_, 272.
Lamps, 70, 258.
Lancashire, 82 n. 6, 171, 179, 205, 267.
Lance-heads, 82.
Landing in Britain, place of Caesar’s, 309-12, 315-6, 595-665.
Land’s End, 135;
Pytheas lands near, 221;
skull found near, 396;
Ictis located off, by Müllenhoff, 502 n. 8.
Lang, A., 49 n. 7, 52 n. 6, 53 n. 4, 198 note, 206 n. 4, 463-4.
Langbank, 463-4.
Language, 48;
neolithic, 67, 405-6.
_See_ Brythonic, Celtic, Goidelic, Philology.
Lapps, 102.
Largie, 109 n. 2.
‘Late Celtic’ Period, 5-6;
art, 9, 84 n. 2, 236-46, 372.
_See_ Early Iron Age.
La Tène, cauldrons, 158 n. 2;
culture named after settlement of, 236, 241;
swords, 238;
brooches, 240.
Lathe, 159 n. 1.
_See_ Potter’s wheel.
Latin, known by some of the Britons, 266, 368, 372.
Laugerie Basse, 35, 382.
Lea, 60, 347, 702.
Lead, in bronze, 140, 739;
leaden celts, 148-9, 252;
lead mines, 252.
Leaf-shaped arrow-heads, 80-1;
swords, 146;
spears, 148.
Ledbury, 396-7.
Lee way, 326, 582, 613, 625, 634, 656, 659, 740.
Legions, 301;
10th, 313, 316;
7th, 313, 321, 337, 343, 636, 677.
_Lepidianus tumultus_, 719-21, 725.
Lewes, 7, 256.
_See_ Mount Caburn.
Lewin, T., 533, 535-6, 542, 546-9, 563, 587, 607-11, 622-38, 648,
649 n. 1, 650-9, 701-3.
Lewis, 207-8, 262.
Liane, 306, 314, 324, 331, 571, 594;
ancient depth and extension of estuary, 586-7.
Life, duration of in Neolithic Age, 91;
in Bronze Age, 152-3.
Ligurian coast, 61;
language, 296 n. 4, 408.
Limen, 535, 538-43, 545.
Lincolnshire, 35, 82 n. 6, 130, 194 n. 3;
round barrows in, 187.
Lions, 30, 48.
Littlebourne, 680, 682.
Little Stour, 660, 679-82, 685.
Littleton Drew, 105.
Livy, 285.
Llandebie, 395.
Llandudno, 139.
Llangorse, 263 n. 2.
Loch Etive, 107.
Lockyer, Sir N., 216-7, 472-6, 480-2.
Loire, tin shipped from Ictis to, 221, 223, 246, 500-1, 505-9;
ships built in, and lent by tribes near, for war with Veneti, 302-4;
Strabo on passage from, to Britain, 577.
Lomea, 526.
Londinium, 255;
name of, does not appear on any British coin, 359;
was it pre-Roman? 703-5.
London, palaeolithic implements found in, 39;
topography of, in Caesar’s time, 255;
road from, to Durovernum, 336;
Cassivellaunus’s stronghold wrongly located at, 701-2.
Long, G., 567-9, 571, 577-8, 590-3, 603 note.
Long Barrow race, ethnology of, 64-7, 393-407, 455-6, 458.
Long barrows, 101-3, 173;
orientation of, 103;
construction, 103-5.
_See_ Chambered barrows.
Long Hole Cave, 37.
Lord’s Down, 188-9.
Lorthet, 99.
Los Murciélagos, 100.
Lossio Veda, 415.
Lough Crew, 206.
Lourdes, 57.
Lower Greensand, 26-7.
Lozenge pattern, 197, 198, n. 3, 239.
Lozère, 35.
Lubbock, Sir J., 4.
_See_ Avebury, Lord.
Lucan, 279, 285 n. 8, 355, 628, 630.
Lucretius, 50, 124 n. 5.
Lug, 277.
Lugotorix, 348.
Lugudunum, 277, 283.
Lunettes, 165.
Lutcombe Castle, 134.
Lyall, Sir A., 10, 204 note, 275, 277
Lydd, 535, 536 n. 1, 538, 543.
Lydney, 280-1.
Lyell, Sir C., 4, 45, 223.
Lympne, 309-10, 532-3, 538-45, 547, 551-2;
theory that Caesar landed at, 622-37, 642, 650-2, 656.
_Mabinogion_, 274.
Mabon.
_See_ Maponus.
Macbain, A., 420-3.
MacEnery, J., 4.
Magi, 297 n. 3.
Magic, 47-8, 57-8, 92 n. 6, 117;
connexion of, with religion, 58, 461-2.
Maiden Bower Camp, 97.
Maiden Castle, 134, 137.
Mainland, 226.
Malden, H. E., 539 n. 7, 556, 607, 615 n. 1, 619-20, 638-9, 646-7.
Malvern Hills, 68.
Mammoth, 4, 21, 30, 35, 40;
teeth of, found _in situ_ in peat, 386 n. 5.
Man, Isle of, 180, 205.
_See_ _Monapia_.
Mandubracius, 327, 333, 339, 361, 700.
Manonvrier, 9, 379 n. 2.
Μάντεις, 297 note.
Mantes, 29.
Maoris, 77.
Maponus, 280.
Mark Antony, 365.
Marliano, R. de, 2.
Marlborough bucket, 237, 246.
Marne, cremation in, in Neolithic Age, 110 n. 1;
‘owl-heads’, 200;
Caesar builds ships on river (?), 327;
skeletons of Early Iron Age, 436;
chariot-burials, 676.
Marriage, 128, 269-70.
Marrow, 46-7.
Mars, 275, 277-9, 282-3.
Marshes (?) near Caesar’s landing-place, 628, 630-2, 653-4.
Martial, 368.
Martin Down Camp, 156-7, 467.
Mas d’Azil, 48, 49 n. 7, 61;
painted pebbles, 99, 263, 464.
Massilia, British trade with, 172, 218, 499-501, 507-8;
Pytheas calculates latitude of, 219;
date of foundation, 511;
Massilians introduce coins into Gaul, 248;
import tin from Spain (?), 495-6.
Matlock, 252.
Matriarchy, 52 n. 6, 94-5, 351;
among the Picts, 414-7.
Mediterranean, 200, 218, 231, 307, 326;
‘Mediterranean race,’ 65, 398, 400-1, 406-7, 455.
Mêdûm, 125.
Medway, 25;
crossed by Caesar, 344.
Megalithic monuments, 5-6, 177.
_See_ Menhirs, Stone circles, Stone rows.
Menapii, 302, 314, 324.
Mendip Hills, 252.
Menhirs, 114, 208, 285.
Mentone, 34, 49, 204, 382.
Merchants, of Gaul, 1, 307-8, 310, 331.
Mercury, 274, 277-8, 282-3, 285.
Merionethshire, 171, 184, 205, 242.
‘Mesolithic’ implements, 59, 387, 388 n. 1.
Mesopotamia, 122, 125 n. 1.
Metallurgy, 121, 139-40.
Metempsychosis, 293, 295-6.
Mexico, 125.
Mice, bones of, in urn, 203.
Mictis, 500.
_See_ Ictis.
Midacritus, 485, 514.
Middlesex, 36, 235.
Midlands, 14, 16.
Midnight sun, 225-6.
Midsummer festivals, 280, 475.
Military history, 10, 352, 595-6.
Millfield, 85.
Minerva, 275, 280-2.
Mining, of flint, 69-71;
of copper, 139 n. 1, 502-3 n. 8;
of iron, 231, 251;
of lead, 252.
_See_ Tin.
Mirrors, 239-40, 264.
Mistletoe, 298.
Mitchell, Sir A., 6, 203 n. 4, 248.
Moel Tryfaen, 17 note.
Mold, 162.
Mole, bones of, in urn, 203.
_Mollis_ (B. G., v, 9, § 1), 628-30.
Mommsen, Th., 355-6, 715 n. 6.
_Monapia_, 450-1.
Monarchy.
_See_ Kings.
Mongoloid tribes, 51.
Monmouthshire, 194 n. 3, 360.
Montelius, O., 9, 123 n. 1, 402, 432, 476 n. 1.
Monzie, 153.
Moon, worshipped, 116, 282;
influence of, on tides, announced by Pytheas and Posidonius, 219,
319, 336;
year computed by revolutions of, in ancient calendars, 296, 475, 707;
full moon of Aug. 31, 55 B.C., 319, 600-3;
exact time of, 610, 665-6;
new moon of Jan. 2, 45 B.C., 722 n. 2;
Caesar sailed for Britain in 54 B.C. about day of new moon, 728-9.
Moravia, skeletons found at, 34, 381;
interment practised in, in Palaeolithic Age, 49.
Morayshire, 165.
Morbihan, 110 n. 1, 205, 302-4.
Moredun, 435 n. 1.
Morini, 133, 302;
Caesar’s campaign against, 305-6;
envoys from, proffer submission, 133, 312;
Cotta, 314;
attack Romans, punished, 324, 593-4;
shortest passage to Britain from their country, 554, 571, 596, 619;
Caesar sails from their country, 558-63;
Strabo on passage to Britain from, 555-6, 577-9;
_portus Morinorum Britannicus_, 589;
induced by Britons to mediate with Caesar (?), 672.
Mortars, 79.
Mortillet, G. de, 38, 39 n. 1.
Mortimer, J. R., 5, 101 n. 3, 157 n. 2, 174 n. 1, 177 n. 6, 181 n. 1,
186 n. 4, 195 n. 5, 197 n. 1, 393 n. 4, 425 n. 4.
Moulds, 148-9.
‘Mound dwellings,’ 390-2.
Mountains worshipped, 272.
Mount Caburn, 256.
Mountfield, 165.
Mousterian implements, 40-1, 384.
Moustier, Le, cave of, 40.
_Muir n’ Icht_, 572.
Müller, S., 9, 402.
Mullers, 79, 90.
Munro, R., 107 n. 2, 263 n. 2, 463-5.
Muskham, 396-7.
Mycenaeans, 204.
Myres, J. L., 9, 378 n. 6, 402.
Napoleon III, 602 n. 5, 603.
Narbo, trade with, 499-500, 508.
Naval camp, constructed by Caesar in 54 B.C., 338, 686-7;
attacked by Kentish kings, 346-8, 661;
Caesar’s unexplained visit to, 348-9, 669, 672, 731-3;
site of, 673-4.
Neanderthal skull, 33-4, 380-2;
race, 385, 397, 455.
Necklaces, 47;
amber, 163, 167, 169;
jet, 167.
Needles, of bone, 37, 42.
Needles, The, 32.
Neolithic Age, 11, 62-120;
early immigrants of British, 62-3;
British civilization originated in, 63-4;
later invaders of, 64-7;
ethnology of inhabitants, 64-7, 393-409;
settlements, 67-9;
implements, 71-83;
specialization of industries, 83;
implements used after introduction of bronze, 132.
_See_, Dwellings, Agriculture, Clothing,
Cookery, Hill-forts, Religion, Transition, &c.
Nervii, 330, 342, 352, 734.
Nether Swell, 105.
New Grange, 170, 200, 478.
Nicholson, E. W. B., 410-1, 419-23, 449-53.
Nights, shortness of, 225-6, 351.
Nile, 30.
Nilsson, S., 102, 479.
Nobles, 271.
Nodons, 281.
Noreia, 231.
Norfolk, 18-20, 36, 85, 162, 194 n. 3, 253, 263 n. 2, 347.
Normanton, 162.