THE ARCHBISHOPS OF YORK
#Paulinus# (627-633). The origin and even the nationality of Paulinus
are unknown. It is said that he was sent from Italy by Gregory the Great
to assist Augustine in Kent. Nennius states that Edwin of Northumbria
was baptised by Rum, the son of Urien. It has been supposed that this
Rum may have originally gone to Italy, and there taken the name of
Paulinus, and that consequently Paulinus was a Briton; but this is mere
conjecture. For over twenty years Paulinus remained with Augustine; but
in 625 a marriage was arranged between Edwin, King of Northumbria and
overlord of England, and Ethelberga, daughter of Ethelbert, the
Christian King of Kent. Edwin, though still a Pagan, agreed that
Ethelberga should be allowed the free exercise of her religion, and that
she should bring a chaplain with her, who might preach the Christian
faith when and where he chose.
The office was given to Paulinus, and before setting out he was
consecrated Bishop of the Northumbrians by Archbishop Justus. For some
little time Edwin remained Pagan, but he allowed his daughter to be
baptised so soon as she was born. Finally, a conference took place
between Paulinus and the nobles of Northumbria, probably at
Londesborough, as a result of which Edwin, two of his children, and many
of his court were baptised at York on Easter Day, 627; while the heathen
high priest Coifi took the chief part in destroying a great temple at
Godmandham.
But in 633 Edwin was killed in battle, and Paulinus fled with the Queen
back to Kent. He was created Bishop of Rochester, where he remained
until his death, 644. Afterwards he became the patron saint of
Rochester.
633-664. After the flight of Paulinus the country relapsed into
Paganism. When Oswald, a Christian, became King of Northumbria, he
applied not to Canterbury but to Scotland for a missionary to his
kingdom, and this was the beginning of the rivalry between the British
and Roman churches in Northumbria. Aidan, a monk of Iona was sent, and
became Bishop of Lindisfarne (635-657). He was succeeded by Finan
(651-661); Colman (661-664); and Tuda (664-5). But these men cannot be
accounted bishops of York. None of them received the pall, which,
indeed, was given to no bishop of York between Paulinus and Egbert
(735).
#Ceadda# and #Wilfrid# (664-678). Wilfrid, who had been educated in
Italy, became Bishop of York, with jurisdiction over the whole of
Northumbria. He refused, however, to be consecrated by a British
prelate, and went to Gaul for that purpose. He was away three years,
and, in his absence, Oswi, the King, appointed Ceadda (St. Chad) to the
see. Ceadda was of the British Church, and was consecrated by the Bishop
of Winchester. Wilfrid, when he returned, went to the monastery of
Ripon, and lived there in retirement.
In 669 Ceadda retired, and Wilfrid became Bishop of York. Ceadda was
made Bishop of Mercia.
Wilfrid did not obtain the pall, but exercised the powers of a
Metropolitan. He restored the dilapidated cathedral, and built minsters
at Hexham and Ripon.
He quarrelled in course of time with Egfrith, King of Northumbrian who
induced Theodore, in 678, to divide his diocese into four
bishoprics--York, Lindisfarne, Hexham, and Witherne. Wilfrid went to
Rome to appeal to the Pope. His appeal was successful, but when he
returned in 680 he was imprisoned, and afterwards banished. But in 686
Theodore intervened again, and reconciled him to the king. He was first
given the sees of Lindisfarne and Hexham, and afterwards York, but he
soon quarrelled with the king again, and left Northumbria. It is
uncertain whether Wilfrid died in the possession of the see or not. He
died, 711, aged 75. He was buried at Ripon. In 940 his bones were
removed to Canterbury by Odo.
#Bosa# (678-705?) was educated under St. Hilda at Whitby. He retired in
favour of Wilfrid in 686, but afterwards was reinstated. He was the
first archbishop to be buried in the cathedral.
#St. John# of Beverley (705-718) was also a pupil of St. Hilda and of
Theodore of Canterbury, who made him Bishop of Hexham, 687. The
venerable Bede was his pupil, and speaks of many miracles which he
performed. He enlarged the church at Beverley, and founded a monastery
there. He was famous for his piety and good works. In 718 he resigned
his see, and retired to Beverley, where he lived privately for about
four years in his own foundation. He was buried in the church there. He
was canonised in 1037, and his relics were translated and placed in a
golden shrine.
#Wilfrid II.# (718-732) had been a pupil of St. John. He is said to have
begun the dispute between York and Canterbury for precedence. Little
else is known of him.
#Egbert# (732-766) was brother to Edbert, King of Northumberland, and,
it is said, "by his own wisdom and the authority of the King, greatly
amended the state of the Church in these parts." Gregory III. gave him
the pall in 735, and he was acknowledged Metropolitan Archbishop in the
north. He founded the famous school at York, where Alcuin was educated,
and also the library.
#Albert# (766-782) had been a master at Egbert's school, and had greatly
contributed to its renown. He also played a large part in the
establishment of the library. He retired to the monastery at York, and
died there, 782. He was succeeded by #Eanbald I.# (782-796), #Eanbald
II.# (796-812), #Wulfsy# (812-831), #Wigmund# (837-854), #Wilfere# or
#Wulfere# (854-890), #Ethelbald# (895), and #Redewald# or #Redward#
(928).
#Wulstan# (928-956) was raised to the see by Athelstan, who was now King
of England. He was imprisoned by Edred in 952, at Jedburgh, but was
released soon after, and restored to his bishopric at Dorchester. He
died two years after his release at Oundle in Northamptonshire, and was
buried there. He was followed by #Oskytel# (956-972), and #Ethelwold#
(972).
#Oswald# (972-992) had been made Bishop of Worcester in 961, and held
that see, together with York.
After his elevation to the sees of Worcester and York, he became a great
reformer of monasteries, and founded that of Ramsey in the Isle of Ely.
He was a strong opponent of married clergy. He died suddenly at
Worcester, after washing the feet of beggars, as was his custom. He was
buried at Worcester, and miracles occurred at his tomb. He was
afterwards canonised.
#Adulf# (992-1002) had been Abbot of Peterboro', and succeeded to both
sees held by Oswald.
#Wulstan# (1002-1023) was also Bishop both of York and Worcester, but in
1016 one Leofsi was appointed his suffragan at Worcester. He died at
York, but was buried at Ely, where there is said to have been a picture
of him under the lantern.
#Alfric Puttoc# or #Pulta# (1023-1050) was Archbishop of York alone. He
is said to have incited Hardicanute to set fire to the city of
Worcester. He was a liberal benefactor of the church and college of
Beverley, and built a magnificent shrine of the tomb of St. John. He
died at Southwell, and was buried at Peterboro'.
#Kinsi# (1050-1060) had been a monk at Peterboro', and chaplain to
Edward the Confessor.
#Ealdred# or #Aldred# (1060-1067). He was successively a monk at
Winchester, Abbot of Tavistock, and Bishop of Worcester. He is said to
have made his way by money and bribes to the see of York, with which he
continued to hold Worcester. He had been much employed by Edward in
diplomatic work. When created Archbishop of York, he went to Rome with
the famous Tosti to obtain his pall. This the Pope refused, having
heard, it is said, of his Simoniacal practices. But the Pope afterwards
relented, on condition that he should resign the see of Worcester--this
he did.
Once established as archbishop, Ealdred showed great activity as a
builder and benefactor, especially at Southwell and Beverley. He also
built a new cathedral at Gloucester.
He crowned Harold, and afterwards William. For this Drake calls him "a
meer worldling and an odious time-server." He is said, however, to have
exacted an oath from William that he would rule Normans and Saxons
alike. Afterwards he excommunicated William for disregarding his oath,
but William is said to have bought him off.
Hearing of the Danish invasion in 1069, he is said to have sickened at
the news and died of a broken heart. Thus he escaped witnessing the
vengeance exacted by William upon the north.
#Thomas# of Bayeux (1070-1100) was the chaplain of the Conqueror. He had
assisted William with all his fortune in the invasion of England. In his
time, the quarrel for precedence broke out with Canterbury. Thomas
refused to make a profession of obedience to Lanfranc, and appealed to
the Pope, and both went to Rome. The Pope, however, discreetly referred
the matter back to the king, and at a synod held by William it was
determined that Thomas should swear allegiance to Lanfranc, but not to
his successors, and should be installed in Canterbury Cathedral; also
that the Humber should be the southern boundary of his diocese, and that
Worcester should be added to the see of Canterbury.
Thomas found his diocese in a miserable condition, owing both to the
Danish invasion and the barbarities of the Conqueror. He rebuilt the
minster, called back the frightened canons and made a provision for
them. He appointed a dean, treasurer, precentor, and chancellor. He died
at Ripon, and was buried at York.
#Gerard# (1101-1108) was translated from Hereford; he was a kinsman of
the Conqueror. Like Thomas he refused to submit to Canterbury, and his
consecration was delayed until he submitted at the command of the Pope.
#Thomas# (1108-1114) was the nephew of Thomas of Bayeux, and chaplain to
Henry I. He also refused to acknowledge the supremacy of Anselm, and in
consequence his consecration was delayed. Anselm dying, forbade any
bishop to consecrate him until he had made his submission. At length
Thomas submitted, and was consecrated by the Bishop of London. He died
at Beverley, and was buried in the minster.
#Thurstan# (1114-1140) was the son of a prebendary of London, and
chaplain to Henry I. Like his predecessors, but with more determination,
he continued the quarrel with Canterbury. He refused to make his
submission to Archbishop Ralph, who therefore refused to consecrate him.
Thurstan was supported by three successive Popes, and was at length
consecrated at Rheims by Calixtus II. Thus he alone succeeded in
avoiding any submission to Canterbury. Henry I, taking the side of
Ralph, deprived him of his lands, but the Pope issued a bull freeing him
from all subjection to Canterbury, and threatened Henry with
excommunication. In 1121 Thurstan returned triumphantly to York, and
Henry submitted. The quarrel was revived by William de Corbeil, Ralph's
successor, who was appointed papal legate as a compromise. Thurstan's
victory over the Scots at the Battle of the Standard is perhaps his most
famous achievement. #William Fitzherbert# (St. William, 1143; deprived
1147, restored 1153-1154). On the death of Thurstan the see was not
filled without a contest. The chapter chose Henry of Selby, Abbot of
Fécamp, but the Pope refused his consent unless he would give up his
monastery at Fécamp, and thereupon the choice fell upon William, who was
a great grandson of the Conqueror. His election was not popular,
especially among the monks. Accusations were made against him in Rome,
where his election was bitterly opposed by St. Bernard and others. The
Pope, however, agreed to allow his consecration, if the Dean of York
would swear that his election had not been corruptly procured by the
king. William was consecrated in 1143, at Winchester, and the pall sent
to him in 1145. Meanwhile, Eugenius III. had become Pope, and fresh
accusations were made against William, who went to Rome to meet them,
but was suspended by the Pope, who, on hearing that certain followers of
the archbishop had plundered the monastery of Fountains, deprived him
altogether. (1147.)
Thereupon, #Henry Mordac# (1147-1153), the Abbot of Fountains, and like
Thurstan, a friend of St. Bernard, was elected in his place. Stephen at
first refused to receive him, but was induced to do so on the condition
that the Pope would acknowledge Stephen's son heir to the throne of
England. Mordac died at Beverley in 1153.
Meanwhile William had remained at Winchester. On Mordac's death he was
re-elected. On his return to York, after it is said, performing a
miracle, he died almost immediately, and so suddenly as to cause a
report that he was poisoned at mass. He was buried in the cathedral, and
pilgrims began to visit his tomb almost immediately after his death.
Before long many wonderful cures were reported there, but it was not
until one hundred and fifty years after his death that he was canonised.
William is said to have performed thirty-six miracles after his death,
and a list of them was once hung up in the vestry.
#Roger De Pont L'Evêque# (1154-1181) had been Archdeacon of Canterbury,
and chaplain to Henry II. He was consecrated by Theobald of Canterbury,
but without a profession of obedience. He is said to have instigated the
murder of Becket. It was certainly after a conference with Roger that
Henry uttered the words which led to the death of the archbishop.
Roger also was the hero of the famous and ridiculous scene in 1176 at
the Council of Westminster, when Robert of Canterbury having seated
himself on the right of the papal legate, Roger, refusing to take an
inferior seat, placed himself in Robert's lap. The unfortunate Roger was
pulled off, beaten with sticks, and flung upon the ground.
Roger, however, was a good administrator, and charitable. He rebuilt the
palace, and the choir of the minster, and also began a new minster at
Ripon. After his death the king seized on his personalty. He was buried
in the cathedral, and his tomb, though of much later date, is in the
nave.
#Geoffry# (1191-1207), the illegitimate, and only faithful son of Henry
II., was appointed only after ten years' interval, during which time the
king took the revenues. He was early in life made Archdeacon, and then
Bishop of Lincoln. He afterwards became Chancellor of England. He was
only ordained priest when he obtained the archbishopric. He had sworn
not to go to England while Richard was away on his crusade, but he
returned immediately after his consecration at Rheims, and was clapped
into prison at Dover. He was, however, soon released, and went at once
to York. There he proved a better bishop than was expected, according to
Stubbs, though Drake shrewdly remarks that "that author has made saints
of every prelate he writes on." It is certain that he quarrelled always
with John and Richard, or with the canons of York. At length he was
suspended by the Pope, appealed, and was reinstated. Richard, on his
return, seized all his goods, spiritual and temporal, but Geoffry
obtained their return by payment of a sum of money. John also seized his
goods, and Geoffry excommunicated all concerned in the seizure. He was
from time to time reconciled with the king, but after a final rupture
fled to Norway, where he died in 1212.
#Walter De Grey# (1216-1255) was only appointed after the see had been
vacant for nine years, during which time John of course kept the
revenues. The dean and chapter elected Simon Langton, brother of
Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury; but John would have none of him, and
was supported by the Pope. Walter de Grey was therefore chosen at the
desire of the king. He died just before the outbreak of the Barons' war.
He conferred many benefits on his diocese, and built the south transept
of the minster, where is his beautiful tomb. He is said to have built
the west front of Ripon Minster.
#Sewal De Bovill# (1256-1258) had been Dean of York. After the death of
De Grey the see remained vacant for some time, the king saying that he
had never held the archbishopric in his hands before, and was therefore
in no hurry to let it slip out of them. He refused his consent to
Sewal's election for some time, who, however, obtained a dispensation
from Rome. He afterwards quarrelled with the Pope about the election to
the deanery, and was excommunicated. This sentence lay heavy on the
archbishop, and is said to have brought him to his grave. According to
Stubbs, he began to "squeak" at last, and called for absolution on his
death-bed. His tomb is in the south transept.
#Geoffry Of Ludham# (1258-1265) had been that Dean of York over whom
Sewal fell out with the Pope. When elected, he was still under the
Pope's ban. He went to Rome, however, and by bribery and much trouble
obtained his pall. Little is known of him except that in 1260 he laid
the city of York under an interdict.
#Walter Giffard# (1266-1279) had been Bishop of Bath and Wells, and Lord
Chancellor of England. He was with others entrusted with the regency of
the kingdom during the absence of Edward I. in 1275.
#William Of Wickwaine# (1279-1286) had been Chancellor of York. He died
at Pontigny, and was buried there.
#John Le Romeyn# or #Romanes# (1286-1296) was the son of that treasurer
of York, an Italian, who had built the north transept and central tower
of the minster. He had been precentor at Lincoln. He began the nave of
the cathedral as it now stands. He died suddenly, near Burton.
#Henry Of Newark# (1298-1299) had been Dean of York. Owing to the wars
in Europe, he did not go to Rome, and was consecrated in his own church.
#Thomas Of Corbridge# (1300-1304) had been Chancellor of York. He was
consecrated at Rome. He was said to be a great and learned divine. He
was buried at Southwell.
#William Greenfield# (1306-1315) was related to Giffard a past
archbishop, and had been Dean of Chichester, Chancellor of Durham, and
Chancellor of England. He died at Cawood. His beautiful tomb is in the
north transept of the minster.
#William De Melton# (1317-1340) was of lowly origin. He was elected in
1315, but not consecrated until two years after, owing to the interested
delays of the Pope. He took a large part in civil affairs, especially in
the war with the Scots, by whom he was defeated at Myton-on-Swale. His
army was filled with clergy, and the battle was derisively known as the
Chapter of Myton. In 1325 he became Lord Treasurer of England, and
supported Edward in his troubles. He even intrigued against Edward III.,
it is said, in 1330, and was arrested for treason, but soon acquitted of
the charge.
He completed the nave of the minster, and glazed the great west window.
He died at Cawood. His grave in the north aisle of the nave was opened
when the present pavement was laid down in 1736, and a chalice and paten
taken from it.
#William La Zouche# (1342-1352) had been Dean of York. When Edward III.
set out for the French wars he left Zouche warden of the northern parts
of the kingdom, and as such he defeated the Scots at Neville's Cross,
near Durham, 1364. He built, or began, a chantry on the south wall of
the choir, which was destroyed by Thoresby. He died at Cawood, and was
buried in the nave of the minster.
#John Of Thoresby# (1352-1373) had been the King's Proctor at Rome,
Master of the Rolls, Bishop of St. David's and Worcester, and Lord
Chancellor of England. He drew up a famous catechism in Latin translated
into English. In his time the controversy between York and Canterbury
finally came to an end. The Archbishop of Canterbury was to be styled
Primate of All England, the Archbishop of York, Primate of England. Each
also was to be allowed to carry his cross erect in the province of the
other.
In 1361 he began the present choir of the minster, contributing £200 a
year to it during his life. He died at Bishopthorpe. It has been said
that Urban VI. made him a cardinal, but this is probably not true. He
was buried in his own Lady Chapel. #Alexander Neville# (1374-1388) was a
Canon of York, and high in the favour of Richard II. Consequently, on
Richard's overthrow he was imprisoned in Rochester Castle, whence he
escaped, and was translated to St. Andrews in 1386, but the Scots would
have none of him, not acknowledging Urban as Pope. Thereupon, it is
said, he fell to teaching a school at Louvain, where he died in 1392.
#Thomas Fitzalan# of Arundel (1388-1396), son of the Earl of Arundel,
was translated to York from Ely, and had been Lord Chancellor. He was a
great benefactor to the church and manors of the see, and gave much
plate for the service of the minster. He was in 1390 translated to
Canterbury, the first Archbishop of York to be so advanced.
#Robert Waldby# (1397-1398) had been an Augustinian friar and professor
of theology at Toulouse. He was created Archbishop of Dublin and Bishop
of Chichester before his translation to York. He died and was buried at
Westminster.
#Richard Scrope# (1398-1405) was the son of Lord Chancellor Scrope, and
was himself Lord Chancellor of England and Bishop of Lichfield. He
received his preferment from Richard II., of whom he was a firm
supporter, though for a short time he submitted to Henry IV. The history
of his famous rebellion with the Percys, and the trick by which he was
captured, is well known. He was taken to his own palace at Bishopthorpe,
and there Gascoign, the famous Chief Justice, greatly to the king's
wrath, refused to try him. He was condemned to death by a creature of
the king, not even a judge, and beheaded near to York. He was buried in
the minster, and was long lamented and almost worshipped by the people.
#Henry Bowet# (1407-1423). After Scrope's execution the see remained
vacant for over two years. In the meantime, Thomas Longley, Dean of
York, and Robert Halom or Hallam were nominated to the see, but, for
different reasons, were not confirmed in the appointment. Bowet had been
Bishop of Bath and Wells. He built a great hall to his castle at Cawood,
where he died, and was buried in the east end of the cathedral, near the
altar of All Saints, which he had built. His beautiful tomb may still be
seen.
#John Kemp# (1426-1452) had been Bishop of Rochester, Chichester, and
London. He was the nominee of the king and the dean and chapter, as
opposed to the Pope, who proposed Fleming, Bishop of London. The Pope,
whose power was fast decaying in England, at length submitted. Kemp, who
was, it is said, of humble birth, rose to be Cardinal, first of St.
Balbria, and afterwards of St. Rupria. He was translated finally to
Canterbury.
In 1432 he went as ambassador to the Council of Bale. He built a
gatehouse to the palace at Cawood. He died soon after his translation to
Canterbury.
#William Booth# or #Bothe# (1452-1464) had been a lawyer, and Bishop of
Lichfield. He repaired the palaces at Southwell and York, and died at
Southwell, where he was buried.
#George Neville# (1464-1476), by the interest of his brother Warwick,
the king-maker, became Bishop of Exeter at the age of twenty-three. He
was not thirty when made archbishop. His installation was the most
splendid ceremony of the kind hitherto seen, but his tenure of the see
was marked by many troubles. When Edward IV. was captured by Warwick at
Oundle he was given into the custody of the archbishop, who treated him
with great courtesy and freedom, so that he soon escaped to London. Soon
after Edward captured the archbishop and imprisoned him; but soon
released him and restored him to his see. Again he was arrested for high
treason and sent to Calais, the king having plundered all his plate and
jewels. He was imprisoned for four years, and died soon after his
release. His tomb was unknown, but Drake speaks of a grave found under
the Dean's vestry about 1735, which, from its contents, must have been
that of an archbishop, and perhaps of Neville.
#Laurence Booth# or #Bothe# (1476-1480) had been Bishop of Durham and
Lord High Chancellor; he died at Southwell, and was buried there.
#Thomas Scott# or #De Rotheram# (1480-1500) had been Bishop of Rochester
and Lincoln, and Lord High Chancellor. He was imprisoned in the Tower by
Richard III., for delivering up the Great Seal to the Queen on the death
of Edward IV., but was soon released. He completed Lincoln College,
Oxford, and gave a "wonderful rich mitre" to the minster. He was buried
in the Lady Chapel, where his tomb still remains.
#Thomas Savage# (1501-1507) had been Bishop of Rochester and London. He
was nominated by the king, confirmed by the Pope, and installed by
deputy. He was buried on the north-west side of the choir, where his
tomb remains.
[Illustration: Effigy of Archbishop Savage.]
#Christopher Baynbridge# (1508-1514) had been Dean of York, Dean of
Windsor, Master of the Rolls, and Bishop of Durham. In 1511 he became
Cardinal of St. Praxede. He was sent by Henry VIII. to the court of the
Pope as King's Proctor. There he died, poisoned by a servant. He was
buried at Rome, in the church of St. Thomas the Martyr.
#Thomas Wolsey# (1514-1530). The facts of the life of this famous man
are too well known to need repetition. He was at once Bishop of Durham
and Archbishop of York, and afterwards Bishop of Winchester and
Archbishop of York. In 1515 he was created Cardinal of St. Cecilia, and
papal legate. It is said that Wolsey never was at York, though he was
arrested at Cawood after his disgrace.
#Edward Lee# (1531-1544). The king delayed a year before he appointed
Edward Lee, his almoner, to the vacant see. In 1536, when the Pilgrimage
of Grace broke out, he was seized by the rebels and carried to
Pontefract Castle, where he was compelled to take an oath that he would
support the rebel party. His tomb is in the choir.
#Robert Holgate# (1545-1554) was translated from Landaff. He supported
Henry in the Reformation. He was even married. When Mary came to the
throne his wife and his riches were taken from him, and himself cast
into the Tower. After a year and a half's imprisonment he was released,
and died soon after at Hemsworth.
[Illustration: Tomb of Archbishop Savage.]
#Nicholas Heath# (1555-1559) had been Bishop of Landaff, Rochester, and
Worcester, and, under Mary, Lord President of Wales and Lord Chancellor.
The Bull of Pope Paul IV. appointing him to York is the last
acknowledged in England. He obtained much of the property from the Queen
which Henry VIII. had alienated from the see. On the accession of
Elizabeth, Heath was deprived, though he had proclaimed her Queen. He
retired to Cobham in Surrey. The queen appears to have punished him only
for his opinions, since he remained a firm Papist. Elizabeth even
visited him at Cobham. He died in 1579.
#Thomas Young# (1561-1568) had been Bishop of St. David's, and was
president of the Council of the North. It is said he provided for his
family by settling the best estates of the prebends upon them. Late in
life he married, and, it is said, pulled down the great hall in the
palace at York that he might give the lead to his son. He died at
Sheffield Manor.
#Edward Grindal# (1570-1576) had been Bishop of London. He was a
Puritan, and afterwards was translated to Canterbury.
#Edwin Sandys# (1577-1588), when vice-chancellor of Cambridge
University, supported the cause of Lady Jane Grey. For this he was
thrown into prison, and afterwards fled to Germany. He returned on the
accession of Elizabeth, and was made Bishop of Worcester, and afterwards
of London. He died at Southwell, where he was buried.
#John Piers# (1588-1594) had been Dean of Christchurch, Oxford, Bishop
of Rochester, and Bishop of Salisbury.
#Matthew Hutton# (1595-1606) was translated from Durham. His monument is
in the south aisle of the choir.
#Tobias Matthew# (1606-1628) was also translated from Durham. His
monument is in the south aisle of the choir.
#George Monteign# (1628) had been Bishop of Lincoln, London, and Durham.
He died within a month of his enthronement.
#Samuel Harsnett# (1628-1631) was translated from Norwich. He had been
master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, where he was ejected for scandalous
practices. He died unmarried, and on his tomb described himself as
_Indignus Episcopus Cicestriensis, indignior Norvicencis, indignissimus
Archiepiscopus Eboracensis_.
#Richard Neile# (1632-1640) was Dean of Westminster in 1605. Lord
Burghley was his patron, and he became Bishop of Rochester, Lichfield,
Lincoln, Durham, and Winchester; more sees than any other English bishop
has ruled over. He was a supporter of Laud, and a courtier. He died in
1640.
#John Williams# (1641-1650) had been Dean of Westminster, Bishop of
Lincoln, and Lord Chancellor. In the first year of Charles's reign he
had the seals taken from him, and was sent to the Tower. When Episcopacy
was abolished, he returned to Wales, his native country, where it is
said he joined the Roundheads, and changed his lawn for buff. He was
buried at Llandegai Church.
#Accepted Frewen# (1660-1664) had been Bishop of Lichfield nominally
since 1644. As his name shows, he was of Puritan family, but became
chaplain to the king. His monument is in the choir.
#Richard Sterne# (1664-1683) had been Bishop of Carlisle. He was
expelled from the mastership of Jesus College, and imprisoned by the
Puritans. He had been chaplain to Laud, and was present at his death.
His monument, unusually hideous, is at the east end of the cathedral.
#John Dolben# (1683-1686) was translated from Rochester. He died of the
small-pox at Bishopthorpe. His tomb, also very ugly, is in the north
side of the choir.
#Thomas Lamplugh# (1688-1691). The see of York remained vacant until the
landing of William III. Lamplugh, then Bishop of Exeter, posted to
London to carry the news of the invasion to the king and to assure him
of his loyalty. James thereupon appointed him Archbishop of York. He
quickly, however, gave allegiance to William, and was confirmed in his
see. He assisted at William's coronation. His monument is in the choir.
#John Sharp# (1691-1714) had been Dean of Norwich and Canterbury. He
wrote an account of the lives and acts of his predecessors, from
Paulinus to Lamplugh. He was Anne's chief ecclesiastical adviser, a
position he never abused. He died at Bath.
#Sir William Dawes# (1713-1724). He had been chaplain in ordinary to
William III., Prebendary of Worcester, and in 1707 Bishop of Chester. He
is said to have lost the bishopric of Lincoln by a bold sermon which
offended Anne.
#Lancelot Blackburne# (1724-1743) was the subject of many slanderous
stories, among others, that in his youth he had been chaplain on a
pirate ship. He was certainly in the West Indies in his youth. He became
Sub-dean of Exeter, and was forced to resign that office in 1702. In
1704 he was reinstated. He became Dean of Exeter in 1705, and Bishop in
1717. He is said to have been raised to the see of York for having
married George I. to the Duchess of Munster. His manners were certainly
free. Horace Walpole speaks of him as "the jolly old Archbishop of York,
who had all the manners of a man of quality, though he had been a
buccaneer, and was a clergyman. But he retained nothing of his first
profession except his seraglio." He died in London, and was buried in
St. Margaret's Church, Westminster.
#Thomas Herring# (1743-1747) was chaplain to the king. In 1732 he became
Dean of Rochester, and in 1737 Bishop of Bangor. He was an ardent Whig,
and when the '45 rebellion broke out raised £40,000 in defence of the
Government, besides stirring up the people. For these good services he
was translated to Canterbury. He died of dropsy in 1757.
#Matthew Hutton# (1747-1757) was also translated from Bangor; and from
York to Canterbury. He died in 1758.
#John Gilbert# (1757-1761) became Dean of Exeter 1726, Bishop of Landaff
1740, and of Salisbury 1749.
#Robert Hay Drummond# (1761-1776) was the second son of Viscount
Dapplin, afterwards Earl of Kinnoull. He was chaplain to George II.,
Bishop of St. Asaph in 1748, and of Salisbury in 1761.
#William Markham# (1777-1807) had been headmaster of Westminster School,
Beatham. He became Dean of Rochester 1765, Dean of Christ Church 1767,
and Bishop of Chester 1771. In the same year he became tutor to the
Prince of Wales and Prince Frederick. He was buried in Westminster
Abbey.
#Edward Vernon Harcourt# (1808-1847) was the youngest son of Lord
Vernon. He became Bishop of Carlisle in 1791. He was a member of the
Queen's Council during George III.'s incapacity, and one of the first
members of the Ecclesiastical Commission (1835). During his primacy
there were two fires in the minster, and he gave largely to the
restoration fund. In 1838 he declined the renewal of the Harcourt
peerage. He died at Bishopthorpe.
#Thomas Musgrave# (1847-1860) was the son of a Cambridge tailor. He was
a Whig by politics, and in 1837 was appointed Dean of Bristol. In a few
months he was preferred to the bishopric of Hereford. He is buried in
Kensal Green cemetery.
#Charles Thomas Longley# (1860-1862), became headmaster of Harrow School
in 1829, first Bishop of Ripon in 1836, and Bishop of Durham in 1856. He
was translated from York to Canterbury in 1862. He supported the Liberal
party in Parliament. He died in 1868 at Aldington.
1863-1891--#William Thomson# (translated from Gloucester).
1891--#William Connor Magee# (translated from Peterboro').
1891--#William Dalrymple Maclagan# (translated from Lichfield).
[Illustration: Plan Of York Minster.
DIMENSIONS.
Feet.
Length (Interior) 486
" Nave (to Choir Screen) 262
" Choir 224
" Transepts (north and south) 223
Breadth, Nave and Aisles 104
" Choir and Aisles 99
" Transept and Aisles 93
Height, Nave (interior) 99
" Choir( " ) 102
" Central Tower 198
" Western Towers 196
Area 63,800 sq. ft.
]
W. H. WHITE AND CO. LIMITED
RIVERSIDE PRESS, EDINBURGH
* * * * *
BELL'S CATHEDRAL SERIES
EDITED BY
GLEESON WHITE AND E. F. STRANGE.
_In specially designed cloth cover, crown 8vo, 1s. 6d. each_.
_Now Ready._
CANTERBURY. By Hartley Withers. 2nd Edition, revised. 36 Illustrations.
SALISBURY. By Gleeson White. 2nd Edition, revised. 50 Illustrations.
CHESTER. By Charles Hiatt. 24 Illustrations.
ROCHESTER. By G. H. Palmer, B.A. 38 Illustrations.
OXFORD. By Rev. Percy Dearmer, M.A. 34 Illustrations.
EXETER. By Percy Addleshaw, B.A. 35 Illustrations.
WINCHESTER. By P. W. Sergeant. 50 Illustrations.
LICHFIELD. By A. B. Clifton. 42 Illustrations.
NORWICH. By C. H. B. Quennell. 38 Illustrations.
PETERBOROUGH. By Rev. W. D. Sweeting. 51 Illustrations.
HEREFORD. By A. Hugh Fisher, A.R.E. 34 Illustrations.
LINCOLN. By A. F. Kendrick, B.A. 46 Illustrations.
WELLS. By Rev. Percy Dearmer, M.A. 43 Illustrations.
SOUTHWELL. By Rev. Arthur Dimock, M.A. 37 Illustrations.
GLOUCESTER. By H. J. L. J. Massé, M.A. 45 Illustrations.
YORK. By A. Glutton-Brock, M.A. 41 Illustrations.
_In the Press._
DURHAM. By J. E. Bygate.
ST. DAVID'S. By Philip Robson.
ELY. By T. D. Atkinson, A.R.I.B.A.
WORCESTER. By E. F. Strange.
ST. PAUL'S. By Rev. Arthur Dimock, M.A.
BRISTOL. By H. J. L. J. Massé, M.A.
CHICHESTER. By H. C. Corlette, A.R.I.B.A.
WESTMINSTER. By Charles Hiatt.
ST. ALBANS. By Rev. W. D. Sweeting.
CARLISLE. By C. K. Eley.
RIPON.
_Uniform with above Series, now Ready._
ST. MARTIN'S CHURCH, CANTERBURY. By the Rev. Canon Routledge.
BEVERLEY MINSTER. By Charles Hiatt.
Opinions of the Press.
"For the purpose at which they aim they are admirably done, and there
are few visitants to any of our noble shrines who will not enjoy their
visit the better for being furnished with one of these delightful books,
which can be slipped into the pocket and carried with ease, and is yet
distinct and legible.... A volume such as that on Canterbury is exactly
what we want, and on our next visit we hope to have it with us. It is
thoroughly helpful, and the views of the fair city and its noble
cathedral are beautiful. Both volumes, moreover, will serve more than a
temporary purpose, and are trustworthy as well as delightful."--_Notes
and Queries_.
"We have so frequently in these columns urged the want of cheap,
well-illustrated, and well-written handbooks to our cathedrals, to take
the place of the out-of-date publications of local booksellers, that we
are glad to hear that they have been taken in hand by Messrs George Bell
& Sons."--_St. James's Gazette_.
"Visitors to the cathedral cities of England must often have felt the
need of some work dealing with the history and antiquities of the city
itself, and the architecture and associations of the cathedral, more
portable than the elaborate monographs which have been devoted to some
of them, more scholarly and satisfying than the average local
guide-book, and more copious than the section devoted to them in the
general guide-book of the city, a need the Cathedral Series now being
issued by Messrs George Bell & Sons, under the editorship of Mr Gleeson
White and Mr E. F. Strange, seems well calculated to supply. The volumes
are handy in size, moderate in price, well illustrated, and written in a
scholarly spirit. The history of cathedral and city is intelligently set
forth and accompanied by a descriptive survey of the building in all its
detail. The illustrations are copious and well selected, and the series
bids fair to become an indispensable companion to the cathedral tourist
in England."--_Times_.
"They are nicely produced in good type, on good paper, and contain
numerous illustrations, are well written, and very cheap. We should
imagine architects and students of architecture will be sure to buy the
series as they appear, for they contain in brief much valuable
information." --_British Architect_.
"Half the charm of this little book on Canterbury springs from the
writer's recognition of the historical association of so majestic a
building with the fortunes, destinies, and habits of the English
people.... One admirable feature of the book is its artistic
illustrations. They are both lavish and satisfactory--even when regarded
with critical eyes."--_Speaker_.
"There is likely to be a large demand for these attractive handbooks."
--_Globe_.
"Bell's 'Cathedral Series,' so admirably edited, is more than a
description of the various English cathedrals. It will be a valuable
historical record, and a work of much service also to the architect. The
illustrations are well selected, and in many cases not mere bald
architectural drawings but reproductions of exquisite stone fancies,
touched in their treatment by fancy and guided by art."--_Star_.
"Each of them contains exactly that amount of information which the
intelligent visitor, who is not a specialist, will wish to have. The
disposition of the various parts is judiciously proportioned, and the
style is very readable. The illustrations supply a further important
feature; they are both numerous and good. A series which cannot fail to
be welcomed by all who are interested in the ecclesiastical buildings of
England."--_Glasgow Herald_.
"Those who, either for purposes of professional study or for a cultured
recreation, find it expedient to 'do' the English cathedrals will
welcome the beginning of Bell's 'Cathedral Series.' This set of books is
an attempt to consult, more closely, and in greater detail than the
usual guide-books do, the needs of visitors to the cathedral towns. The
series cannot but prove markedly successful. In each book a
business-like description is given of the fabric of the church to which
the volume relates, and an interesting history of the relative diocese.
The books are plentifully illustrated, and are thus made attractive as
well as instructive. They cannot but prove welcome to all classes of
readers interested either in English Church history or in ecclesiastical
architecture."--_Scotsman_.
"A set of little books which may be described as very useful, very
pretty, and very cheap ... and alike in the letterpress, the
illustrations, and the remarkably choice binding, they are ideal
guides."--_Liverpool Daily Post_.
"They have nothing in common with the almost invariably wretched local
guides save portability, and their only competitors in the quality and
quantity of their contents are very expensive and mostly rare works,
each of a size that suggests a packing-case rather than a coat-pocket.
The 'Cathedral Series' are important compilations concerning history,
architecture, and biography, and quite popular enough for such as take
any sincere interest in their subjects."--_Sketch_.
* * * * *
LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS.
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes:
1) Words and phrases which were italicized in the original have been
surrounded by underscores ('_') in this version. Words or phrases
which were bolded have been capitalized.
2) Obvious printer's errors have been corrected without note.
3) Author's errata have been applied without note.
4) In the extract of the _Times_ review, a line was lost in scanning.
The missing text has been replaced with "city, a need" to complete
the affected sentence.
End of Project Gutenberg's The Cathedral Church of York, by A. Clutton-Brock