CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

INTRODUCTION

“The Fortune of the Rougons” is the initial volume of the

Rougon-Macquart series. Though it was by no means M. Zola’s first essay

in fiction, it was undoubtedly his first great bid for genuine literary

fame, and the foundation of what must necessarily be regarded as his

life-work. The idea of writing the “natural and social history of a

family under the Second Empire,” extending to a score of volumes, was

doubtless suggested to M. Zola by Balzac’s immortal “Comedie Humaine.”

He was twenty-eight years of age when this idea first occurred to him;

he was fifty-three when he at last sent the manuscript of his

concluding volume, “Dr. Pascal,” to the press. He had spent

five-and-twenty years in working out his scheme, persevering with it

doggedly and stubbornly, whatever rebuffs he might encounter, whatever

jeers and whatever insults might be directed against him by the

ignorant, the prejudiced, and the hypocritical. Truth was on the march

and nothing could stay it; even as, at the present hour, its march, if

slow, none the less continues athwart another and a different crisis of

the illustrious novelist’s career.

It was in the early summer of 1869 that M. Zola first began the actual

writing of “The Fortune of the Rougons.” It was only in the following

year, however, that the serial publication of the work commenced in the

columns of “Le Siècle,” the Republican journal of most influence in

Paris in those days of the Second Empire. The Franco-German war

interrupted this issue of the story, and publication in book form did

not take place until the latter half of 1871, a time when both the war

and the Commune had left Paris exhausted, supine, with little or no

interest in anything. No more unfavourable moment for the issue of an

ambitious work of fiction could have been found. Some two or three

years went by, as I well remember, before anything like a revival of

literature and of public interest in literature took place. Thus, M.

Zola launched his gigantic scheme under auspices which would have made

many another man recoil. “The Fortune of the Rougons,” and two or three

subsequent volumes of his series, attracted but a moderate degree of

attention, and it was only on the morrow of the publication of

“L’Assommoir” that he awoke, like Byron, to find himself famous.

As previously mentioned, the Rougon-Macquart series forms twenty

volumes. The last of these, “Dr. Pascal,” appeared in 1893. Since then

M. Zola has written “Lourdes,” “Rome,” and “Paris.” Critics have

repeated _ad nauseam_ that these last works constitute a new departure

on M. Zola’s part, and, so far as they formed a new series, this is

true. But the suggestion that he has in any way repented of the

Rougon-Macquart novels is ridiculous. As he has often told me of recent

years, it is, as far as possible, his plan to subordinate his style and

methods to his subject. To have written a book like “Rome,” so largely

devoted to the ambitions of the Papal See, in the same way as he had

written books dealing with the drunkenness or other vices of Paris,

would have been the climax of absurdity.

Yet the publication of “Rome,” was the signal for a general outcry on

the part of English and American reviewers that Zolaism, as typified by

the Rougon-Macquart series, was altogether a thing of the past. To my

thinking this is a profound error. M. Zola has always remained faithful

to himself. The only difference that I perceive between his latest

work, “Paris,” and certain Rougon-Macquart volumes, is that with time,

experience and assiduity, his genius has expanded and ripened, and that

the hesitation, the groping for truth, so to say, which may be found in

some of his earlier writings, has disappeared.

At the time when “The Fortune of the Rougons” was first published, none

but the author himself can have imagined that the foundation-stone of

one of the great literary monuments of the century had just been laid.

From the “story” point of view the book is one of M. Zola’s very best,

although its construction—particularly as regards the long interlude of

the idyll of Miette and Silvère—is far from being perfect. Such a work

when first issued might well bring its author a measure of popularity,

but it could hardly confer fame. Nowadays, however, looking backward,

and bearing in mind that one here has the genius of M. Zola’s lifework,

“The Fortune of the Rougons” becomes a book of exceptional interest and

importance. This has been so well understood by French readers that

during the last six or seven years the annual sales of the work have

increased threefold. Where, over a course of twenty years, 1,000 copies

were sold, 2,500 and 3,000 are sold to-day. How many living English

novelists can say the same of their early essays in fiction, issued

more than a quarter of a century ago?

I may here mention that at the last date to which I have authentic

figures, that is, Midsummer 1897 (prior, of course, to what is called

“L’Affaire Dreyfus”), there had been sold of the entire Rougon-Macquart

series (which had begun in 1871) 1,421,000 copies. These were of the

ordinary Charpentier editions of the French originals. By adding

thereto several _éditions de luxe_ and the widely-circulated popular

illustrated editions of certain volumes, the total amounts roundly to

2,100,000. “Rome,” “Lourdes,” “Paris,” and all M. Zola’s other works,

apart from the “Rougon-Macquart” series, together with the translations

into a dozen different languages—English, German, Italian, Spanish,

Dutch, Danish, Portuguese, Bohemian, Hungarian, and others—are not

included in the above figures. Otherwise the latter might well be

doubled. Nor is account taken of the many serial issues which have

brought M. Zola’s views to the knowledge of the masses of all Europe.

It is, of course, the celebrity attaching to certain of M. Zola’s

literary efforts that has stimulated the demand for his other writings.

Among those which are well worthy of being read for their own sakes, I

would assign a prominent place to the present volume. Much of the story

element in it is admirable, and, further, it shows M. Zola as a genuine

satirist and humorist. The Rougons’ yellow drawing-room and its

_habitués_, and many of the scenes between Pierre Rougon and his wife

Félicité, are worthy of the pen of Douglas Jerrold. The whole account,

indeed, of the town of Plassans, its customs and its notabilities, is

satire of the most effective kind, because it is satire true to life,

and never degenerates into mere caricature.

It is a rather curious coincidence that, at the time when M. Zola was

thus portraying the life of Provence, his great contemporary, bosom

friend, and rival for literary fame, the late Alphonse Daudet, should

have been producing, under the title of “The Provencal Don Quixote,”

that unrivalled presentment of the foibles of the French Southerner,

with everyone nowadays knows as “Tartarin of Tarascon.” It is possible

that M. Zola, while writing his book, may have read the instalments of

“Le Don Quichotte Provencal” published in the Paris “Figaro,” and it

may be that this perusal imparted that fillip to his pen to which we

owe the many amusing particulars that he gives us of the town of

Plassans. Plassans, I may mention, is really the Provencal Aix, which

M. Zola’s father provided with water by means of a canal still bearing

his name. M. Zola himself, though born in Paris, spent the greater part

of his childhood there. Tarascon, as is well known, never forgave

Alphonse Daudet for his “Tartarin”; and in a like way M. Zola, who

doubtless counts more enemies than any other literary man of the

period, has none bitterer than the worthy citizens of Aix. They cannot

forget or forgive the rascally Rougon-Macquarts.

The name Rougon-Macquart has to me always suggested that splendid and

amusing type of the cynical rogue, Robert Macaire. But, of course, both

Rougon and Macquart are genuine French names and not inventions.

Indeed, several years ago I came by chance upon them both, in an old

French deed which I was examining at the Bibliothèque Nationale in

Paris. I there found mention of a Rougon family and a Macquart family

dwelling virtually side by side in the same village. This, however, was

in Champagne, not in Provence. Both families farmed vineyards for a

once famous abbey in the vicinity of Epernay, early in the seventeenth

century. To me, personally, this trivial discovery meant a great deal.

It somehow aroused my interest in M. Zola and his works. Of the latter

I had then only glanced through two or three volumes. With M. Zola

himself I was absolutely unacquainted. However, I took the liberty to

inform him of my little discovery; and afterwards I read all the books

that he had published. Now, as it is fairly well known, I have given

the greater part of my time, for several years past, to the task of

familiarising English readers with his writings. An old deed, a chance

glance, followed by the great friendship of my life and years of

patient labour. If I mention this matter, it is solely with the object

of endorsing the truth of the saying that the most insignificant

incidents frequently influence and even shape our careers.

But I must come back to “The Fortune of the Rougons.” It has, as I have

said, its satirical and humorous side; but it also contains a strong

element of pathos. The idyll of Miette and Silvère is a very touching

one, and quite in accord with the conditions of life prevailing in

Provence at the period M. Zola selects for his narrative. Miette is a

frank child of nature; Silvère, her lover, in certain respects

foreshadows, a quarter of a century in advance, the Abbé Pierre Fromont

of “Lourdes,” “Rome,” and “Paris.” The environment differs, of course,

but germs of the same nature may readily be detected in both

characters. As for the other personages of M. Zola’s book—on the one

hand, Aunt Dide, Pierre Rougon, his wife, Félicité, and their sons

Eugène, Aristide and Pascal, and, on the other, Macquart, his daughter

Gervaise of “L’Assommoir,” and his son Jean of “La Terre” and “La

Debacle,” together with the members of the Mouret branch of the

ravenous, neurotic, duplex family—these are analysed or sketched in a

way which renders their subsequent careers, as related in other volumes

of the series, thoroughly consistent with their origin and their

up-bringing. I venture to asset that, although it is possible to read

individual volumes of the Rougon-Macquart series while neglecting

others, nobody can really understand any one of these books unless he

makes himself acquainted with the alpha and the omega of the edifice,

that is, “The Fortune of the Rougons” and “Dr. Pascal.”

With regard to the present English translation, it is based on one made

for my father several years ago. But to convey M. Zola’s meaning more

accurately I have found it necessary to alter, on an average, at least

one sentence out of every three. Thus, though I only claim to edit the

volume, it is, to all intents and purposes, quite a new English version

of M. Zola’s work.

E. A. V. MERTON, SURREY: August, 1898.

AUTHOR’S PREFACE

I wish to explain how a family, a small group of human beings, conducts

itself in a given social system after blossoming forth and giving birth

to ten or twenty members, who, though they may appear, at the first

glance, profoundly dissimilar one from the other, are, as analysis

demonstrates, most closely linked together from the point of view of

affinity. Heredity, like gravity, has its laws.

By resolving the duplex question of temperament and environment, I

shall endeavour to discover and follow the thread of connection which

leads mathematically from one man to another. And when I have

possession of every thread, and hold a complete social group in my

hands, I shall show this group at work, participating in an historical

period; I shall depict it in action, with all its varied energies, and

I shall analyse both the will power of each member, and the general

tendency of the whole.

The great characteristic of the Rougon-Macquarts, the group or family

which I propose to study, is their ravenous appetite, the great

outburst of our age which rushes upon enjoyment. Physiologically the

Rougon-Macquarts represent the slow succession of accidents pertaining

to the nerves or the blood, which befall a race after the first organic

lesion, and, according to environment, determine in each individual

member of the race those feelings, desires and passions—briefly, all

the natural and instinctive manifestations peculiar to humanity—whose

outcome assumes the conventional name of virtue or vice. Historically

the Rougon-Macquarts proceed from the masses, radiate throughout the

whole of contemporary society, and ascend to all sorts of positions by

the force of that impulsion of essentially modern origin, which sets

the lower classes marching through the social system. And thus the

dramas of their individual lives recount the story of the Second

Empire, from the ambuscade of the Coup d’État to the treachery of

Sedan.

For three years I had been collecting the necessary documents for this

long work, and the present volume was even written, when the fall of

the Bonapartes, which I needed artistically, and with, as if by fate, I

ever found at the end of the drama, without daring to hope that it

would prove so near at hand, suddenly occurred and furnished me with

the terrible but necessary _dénouement_ for my work. My scheme is, at

this date, completed; the circle in which my characters will revolve is

perfected; and my work becomes a picture of a departed reign, of a

strange period of human madness and shame.

This work, which will comprise several episodes, is therefore, in my

mind, the natural and social history of a family under the Second

Empire. And the first episode, here called “The Fortune of the

Rougons,” should scientifically be entitled “The Origin.”

ÉMILE ZOLA

PARIS, _July_ 1, 1871.

THE FORTUNE OF THE ROUGONS

CHAPTER I

On quitting Plassans by the Rome Gate, on the southern side of the

town, you will find, on the right side of the road to Nice, and a

little way past the first suburban houses, a plot of land locally known

as the Aire Saint-Mittre.

This Aire Saint-Mittre is of oblong shape and on a level with the

footpath of the adjacent road, from which it is separated by a strip of

trodden grass. A narrow blind alley fringed with a row of hovels

borders it on the right; while on the left, and at the further end, it

is closed in by bits of wall overgrown with moss, above which can be

seen the top branches of the mulberry-trees of the Jas-Meiffren—an

extensive property with an entrance lower down the road. Enclosed upon

three sides, the Aire Saint-Mittre leads nowhere, and is only crossed

by people out for a stroll.

In former times it was a cemetery under the patronage of Saint-Mittre,

a greatly honoured Provencal saint; and in 1851 the old people of

Plassans could still remember having seen the wall of the cemetery

standing, although the place itself had been closed for years. The soil

had been so glutted with corpses that it had been found necessary to

open a new burial-ground at the other end of town. Then the old

abandoned cemetery had been gradually purified by the dark thick-set

vegetation which had sprouted over it every spring. The rich soil, in

which the gravediggers could no longer delve without turning up some

human remains, was possessed of wondrous fertility. The tall weeds

overtopped the walls after the May rains and the June sunshine so as to

be visible from the high road; while inside, the place presented the

appearance of a deep, dark green sea studded with large blossoms of

singular brilliancy. Beneath one’s feet amidst the close-set stalks one

could feel that the damp soil reeked and bubbled with sap.

Among the curiosities of the place at that time were some large

pear-trees, with twisted and knotty boughs; but none of the housewives

of Plassans cared to pluck the large fruit which grew upon them.

Indeed, the townspeople spoke of this fruit with grimaces of disgust.

No such delicacy, however, restrained the suburban urchins, who

assembled in bands at twilight and climbed the walls to steal the

pears, even before they were ripe.

The trees and the weeds with their vigorous growth had rapidly

assimilated all the decomposing matter in the old cemetery of

Saint-Mittre; the malaria rising from the human remains interred there

had been greedily absorbed by the flowers and the fruit; so that

eventually the only odour one could detect in passing by was the strong

perfume of wild gillyflowers. This had merely been a question of a few

summers.

At last the townspeople determined to utilise this common property,

which had long served no purpose. The walls bordering the roadway and

the blind alley were pulled down; the weeds and the pear-trees

uprooted; the sepulchral remains were removed; the ground was dug deep,

and such bones as the earth was willing to surrender were heaped up in

a corner. For nearly a month the youngsters, who lamented the loss of

the pear-trees, played at bowls with the skulls; and one night some

practical jokers even suspended femurs and tibias to all the

bell-handles of the town. This scandal, which is still remembered at

Plassans, did not cease until the authorities decided to have the bones

shot into a hole which had been dug for the purpose in the new

cemetery. All work, however, is usually carried out with discreet

dilatoriness in country towns, and so during an entire week the

inhabitants saw a solitary cart removing these human remains as if they

had been mere rubbish. The vehicle had to cross Plassans from end to

end, and owing to the bad condition of the roads fragments of bones and

handfuls of rich mould were scattered at every jolt. There was not the

briefest religious ceremony, nothing but slow and brutish cartage.

Never before had a town felt so disgusted.

For several years the old cemetery remained an object of terror.

Although it adjoined the main thoroughfare and was open to all comers,

it was left quite deserted, a prey to fresh vegetable growth. The local

authorities, who had doubtless counted on selling it and seeing houses

built upon it, were evidently unable to find a purchaser. The

recollection of the heaps of bones and the cart persistently jolting

through the streets may have made people recoil from the spot; or

perhaps the indifference that was shown was due to the indolence, the

repugnance to pulling down and setting up again, which is

characteristic of country people. At all events the authorities still

retained possession of the ground, and at last forgot their desire to

dispose of it. They did not even erect a fence round it, but left it

open to all comers. Then, as time rolled on, people gradually grew

accustomed to this barren spot; they would sit on the grass at the

edges, walk about, or gather in groups. When the grass had been worn

away and the trodden soil had become grey and hard, the old cemetery

resembled a badly-levelled public square. As if the more effectually to

efface the memory of all objectionable associations, the inhabitants

slowly changed the very appellation of the place, retaining but the

name of the saint, which was likewise applied to the blind alley

dipping down at one corner of the field. Thus there was the Aire

Saint-Mittre and the Impasse Saint-Mittre.

All this dates, however, from some considerable time back. For more

than thirty years now the Aire Saint-Mittre has presented a different

appearance. One day the townspeople, far too inert and indifferent to

derive any advantage from it, let it, for a trifling consideration, to

some suburban wheelwrights, who turned it into a wood-yard. At the

present day it is still littered with huge pieces of timber thirty or

forty feet long, lying here and there in piles, and looking like lofty

overturned columns. These piles of timber, disposed at intervals from

one end of the yard to the other, are a continual source of delight to

the local urchins. In some places the ground is covered with fallen

wood, forming a kind of uneven flooring over which it is impossible to

walk, unless one balance one’s self with marvellous dexterity. Troops

of children amuse themselves with this exercise all day long. You will

see them jumping over the big beams, walking in Indian file along the

narrow ends, or else crawling astride them; various games which

generally terminate in blows and bellowings. Sometimes, too, a dozen of

them will sit, closely packed one against the other, on the thin end of

a pole raised a few feet from the ground, and will see-saw there for

hours together. The Aire Saint-Mittre thus serves as a recreation

ground, where for more than a quarter of a century all the little

suburban ragamuffins have been in the habit of wearing out the seats of

their breeches.

The strangeness of the place is increased by the circumstance that

wandering gipsies, by a sort of traditional custom always select the

vacant portions of it for their encampments. Whenever any caravan

arrives at Plassans it takes up its quarters on the Aire Saint-Mittre.

The place is consequently never empty. There is always some strange

band there, some troop of wild men and withered women, among whom

groups of healthy-looking children roll about on the grass. These

people live in the open air, regardless of everybody, setting their

pots boiling, eating nameless things, freely displaying their tattered

garments, and sleeping, fighting, kissing, and reeking with mingled

filth and misery.

The field, formerly so still and deserted, save for the buzzing of

hornets around the rich blossoms in the heavy sunshine, has thus become

a very rowdy spot, resounding with the noisy quarrels of the gipsies

and the shrill cries of the urchins of the suburb. In one corner there

is a primitive saw-mill for cutting the timber, the noise from which

serves as a dull, continuous bass accompaniment to the sharp voices.

The wood is placed on two high tressels, and a couple of sawyers, one

of whom stands aloft on the timber itself, while the other underneath

is half blinded by the falling sawdust, work a large saw to and fro for

hours together, with rigid machine-like regularity, as if they were

wire-pulled puppets. The wood they saw is stacked, plank by plank,

along the wall at the end, in carefully arranged piles six or eight

feet high, which often remain there several seasons, and constitute one

of the charms of the Aire Saint-Mittre. Between these stacks are

mysterious, retired little alleys leading to a broader path between the

timber and the wall, a deserted strip of verdure whence only small

patches of sky can be seen. The vigorous vegetation and the quivering,

deathlike stillness of the old cemetery still reign in this path. In

all the country round Plassans there is no spot more instinct with

languor, solitude, and love. It is a most delightful place for

love-making. When the cemetery was being cleared the bones must have

been heaped up in this corner; for even to-day it frequently happens

that one’s foot comes across some fragment of a skull lying concealed

in the damp turf.

Nobody, however, now thinks of the bodies that once slept under that

turf. In the daytime only the children go behind the piles of wood when

playing at hide and seek. The green path remains virginal, unknown to

others who see nought but the wood-yard crowded with timber and grey

with dust. In the morning and afternoon, when the sun is warm, the

whole place swarms with life. Above all the turmoil, above the

ragamuffins playing among the timber, and the gipsies kindling fires

under their cauldrons, the sharp silhouette of the sawyer mounted on

his beam stands out against the sky, moving to and fro with the

precision of clockwork, as if to regulate the busy activity that has

sprung up in this spot once set apart for eternal slumber. Only the old

people who sit on the planks, basking in the setting sun, speak

occasionally among themselves of the bones which they once saw carted

through the streets of Plassans by the legendary tumbrel.

When night falls the Aire Saint-Mittre loses its animation, and looks

like some great black hole. At the far end one may just espy the dying

embers of the gipsies’ fires, and at times shadows slink noiselessly

into the dense darkness. The place becomes quite sinister, particularly

in winter time.

One Sunday evening, at about seven o’clock, a young man stepped lightly

from the Impasse Saint-Mittre, and, closely skirting the walls, took

his way among the timber in the wood-yard. It was in the early part of

December, 1851. The weather was dry and cold. The full moon shone with

that sharp brilliancy peculiar to winter moons. The wood-yard did not

have the forbidding appearance which it wears on rainy nights;

illumined by stretches of white light, and wrapped in deep and chilly

silence, it spread around with a soft, melancholy aspect.

For a few seconds the young man paused on the edge of the yard and

gazed mistrustfully in front of him. He carried a long gun, the

butt-end of which was hidden under his jacket, while the barrel,

pointed towards the ground, glittered in the moonlight. Pressing the

weapon to his side, he attentively examined the square shadows cast by

the piles of timber. The ground looked like a chess-board, with black

and white squares clearly defined by alternate patches of light and

shade. The sawyers’ tressels in the centre of the plot threw long,

narrow fantastic shadows, suggesting some huge geometrical figure, upon

a strip of bare grey ground. The rest of the yard, the flooring of

beams, formed a great couch on which the light reposed, streaked here

and there with the slender black shadows which edged the different

pieces of timber. In the frigid silence under the wintry moon, the

motionless, recumbent poles, stiffened, as it were, with sleep and

cold, recalled the corpses of the old cemetery. The young man cast but

a rapid glance round the empty space; there was not a creature, not a

sound, no danger of being seen or heard. The black patches at the

further end caused him more anxiety, but after a brief examination he

plucked up courage and hurriedly crossed the wood-yard.

As soon as he felt himself under cover he slackened his pace. He was

now in the green pathway skirting the wall behind the piles of planks.

Here his very footsteps became inaudible; the frozen grass scarcely

crackled under his tread. He must have loved the spot, have feared no

danger, sought nothing but what was pleasant there. He no longer

concealed his gun. The path stretched away like a dark trench, except

that the moonrays, gliding ever and anon between the piles of timber,

then streaked the grass with patches of light. All slept, both darkness

and light, with the same deep, soft, sad slumber. No words can describe

the calm peacefulness of the place. The young man went right down the

path, and stopped at the end where the walls of the Jas-Meiffren form

an angle. Here he listened as if to ascertain whether any sound might

be coming from the adjoining estate. At last, hearing nothing, he

stooped down, thrust a plank aside, and hid his gun in a timber-stack.

An old tombstone, which had been overlooked in the clearing of the

burial-ground, lay in the corner, resting on its side and forming a

high and slightly sloping seat. The rain had worn its edges, and moss

was slowly eating into it. Nevertheless, the following fragment of an

inscription, cut on the side which was sinking into the ground, might

still have been distinguished in the moonlight: “_Here lieth . . .

Marie . . . died . . ._” The finger of time had effaced the rest.

When the young man had concealed his gun he again listened attentively,

and still hearing nothing, resolved to climb upon the stone. The wall

being low, he was able to rest his elbows on the coping. He could,

however, perceive nothing except a flood of light beyond the row of

mulberry-trees skirting the wall. The flat ground of the Jas-Meiffren

spread out under the moon like an immense sheet of unbleached linen; a

hundred yards away the farmhouse and its outbuildings formed a still

whiter patch. The young man was still gazing anxiously in that

direction when, suddenly, one of the town clocks slowly and solemnly

struck seven. He counted the strokes, and then jumped down, apparently

surprised and relieved.

He seated himself on the tombstone, like one who is prepared to wait

some considerable time. And for about half an hour he remained

motionless and deep in thought, apparently quite unconscious of the

cold, while his eyes gazed fixedly at a mass of shadow. He had placed

himself in a dark corner, but the beams of the rising moon had

gradually reached him, and at last his head was in the full light.

He was a strong, sturdy-looking lad, with a fine mouth, and soft

delicate skin that bespoke youthfulness. He looked about seventeen

years of age, and was handsome in a characteristic way.

His thin, long face looked like the work of some master sculptor; his

high forehead, overhanging brows, aquiline nose, broad flat chin, and

protruding cheek bones, gave singularly bold relief to his countenance.

Such a face would, with advancing age, become too bony, as fleshless as

that of a knight errant. But at this stage of youth, with chin and

cheek lightly covered with soft down, its latent harshness was

attenuated by the charming softness of certain contours which had

remained vague and childlike. His soft black eyes, still full of youth,

also lent delicacy to his otherwise vigorous countenance. The young

fellow would probably not have fascinated all women, as he was not what

one calls a handsome man; but his features, as a whole, expressed such

ardent and sympathetic life, such enthusiasm and energy, that they

doubtless engaged the thoughts of the girls of his own part—those

sunburnt girls of the South—as he passed their doors on sultry July

evenings.

He remained seated upon the tombstone, wrapped in thought, and

apparently quite unconscious of the moonlight which now fell upon his

chest and legs. He was of middle stature, rather thick-set, with

over-developed arms and a labourer’s hands, already hardened by toil;

his feet, shod with heavy laced boots, looked large and square-toed.

His general appearance, more particularly the heaviness of his limbs,

bespoke lowly origin. There was, however, something in him, in the

upright bearing of his neck and the thoughtful gleams of his eyes,

which seemed to indicate an inner revolt against the brutifying manual

labour which was beginning to bend him to the ground. He was, no doubt,

an intelligent nature buried beneath the oppressive burden of race and

class; one of those delicate refined minds embedded in a rough

envelope, from which they in vain struggle to free themselves. Thus, in

spite of his vigour, he seemed timid and restless, feeling a kind of

unconscious shame at his imperfection. An honest lad he doubtless was,

whose very ignorance had generated enthusiasm, whose manly heart was

impelled by childish intellect, and who could show alike the

submissiveness of a woman and the courage of a hero. On the evening in

question he was dressed in a coat and trousers of greenish corduroy. A

soft felt hat, placed lightly on the back of his head, cast a streak of

shadow over his brow.

As the neighbouring clock struck the half hour, he suddenly started

from his reverie. Perceiving that the white moonlight was shining full

upon him, he gazed anxiously ahead. Then he abruptly dived back into

the shade, but was unable to recover the thread of his thoughts. He now

realised that his hands and feet were becoming very cold, and

impatience seized hold of him. So he jumped upon the stone again, and

once more glanced over the Jas-Meiffren, which was still empty and

silent. Finally, at a loss how to employ his time, he jumped down,

fetched his gun from the pile of planks where he had concealed it, and

amused himself by working the trigger. The weapon was a long, heavy

carbine, which had doubtless belonged to some smuggler. The thickness

of the butt and the breech of the barrel showed it to be an old

flintlock which had been altered into a percussion gun by some local

gunsmith. Such firearms are to be found in farmhouses, hanging against

the wall over the chimney-piece. The young man caressed his weapon with

affection; twenty times or more he pulled the trigger, thrust his

little finger into the barrel, and examined the butt attentively. By

degrees he grew full of youth enthusiasm, combined with childish

frolicsomeness, and ended by levelling his weapon and aiming at space,

like a recruit going through his drill.

It was now very nearly eight o’clock, and he had been holding his gun

levelled for over a minute, when all at once a low, panting call, light

as a breath, came from the direction of the Jas-Meiffren.

“Are you there, Silvère?” the voice asked.

Silvère dropped his gun and bounded on to the tombstone.

“Yes, yes,” he replied, also in a hushed voice. “Wait, I’ll help you.”

Before he could stretch out his arms, however, a girl’s head appeared

above the wall. With singular agility the damsel had availed herself of

the trunk of a mulberry-tree, and climbed aloft like a kitten. The ease

and certainty with which she moved showed that she was familiar with

this strange spot. In another moment she was seated on the coping of

the wall. Then Silvère, taking her in his arms, carried her, though not

without a struggle, to the seat.

“Let go,” she laughingly cried; “let go, I can get down alone very

well.” And when she was seated on the stone slab she added:

“Have you been waiting for me long? I’ve been running, and am quite out

of breath.”

Silvère made no reply. He seemed in no laughing humour, but gazed

sorrowfully into the girl’s face. “I wanted to see you, Miette,” he

said, as he seated himself beside her. “I should have waited all night

for you. I am going away at daybreak to-morrow morning.”

Miette had just caught sight of the gun lying on the grass, and with a

thoughtful air, she murmured: “Ah! so it’s decided then? There’s your

gun!”

“Yes,” replied Silvère, after a brief pause, his voice still faltering,

“it’s my gun. I thought it best to remove it from the house to-night;

to-morrow morning aunt Dide might have seen me take it, and have felt

uneasy about it. I am going to hide it, and shall fetch it just before

starting.”

Then, as Miette could not remove her eyes from the weapon which he had

so foolishly left on the grass, he jumped up and again hid it among the

woodstacks.

“We learnt this morning,” he said, as he resumed his seat, “that the

insurgents of La Palud and Saint Martin-de-Vaulx were on the march, and

spent last night at Alboise. We have decided to join them. Some of the

workmen of Plassans have already left the town this afternoon; those

who still remain will join their brothers to-morrow.”

He spoke the word brothers with youthful emphasis.

“A contest is becoming inevitable,” he added; “but, at any rate, we

have right on our side, and we shall triumph.”

Miette listened to Silvère, her eyes meantime gazing in front of her,

without observing anything.

“‘Tis well,” she said, when he had finished speaking. And after a fresh

pause she continued: “You warned me, yet I still hoped. . . . However,

it is decided.”

Neither of them knew what else to say. The green path in the deserted

corner of the wood-yard relapsed into melancholy stillness; only the

moon chased the shadows of the piles of timber over the grass. The two

young people on the tombstone remained silent and motionless in the

pale light. Silvère had passed his arm round Miette’s waist, and she

was leaning against his shoulder. They exchanged no kisses, naught but

an embrace in which love showed the innocent tenderness of fraternal

affection.

Miette was enveloped in a long brown hooded cloak reaching to her feet,

and leaving only her head and hands visible. The women of the lower

classes in Provence—the peasantry and workpeople—still wear these ample

cloaks, which are called pelisses; it is a fashion which must have

lasted for ages. Miette had thrown back her hood on arriving. Living in

the open air and born of a hotblooded race, she never wore a cap. Her

bare head showed in bold relief against the wall, which the moonlight

whitened. She was still a child, no doubt, but a child ripening into

womanhood. She had reached that adorable, uncertain hour when the

frolicsome girl changes to a young woman. At that stage of life a

bud-like delicacy, a hesitancy of contour that is exquisitely charming,

distinguishes young girls. The outlines of womanhood appear amidst

girlhood’s innocent slimness, and woman shoots forth at first all

embarrassment, still retaining much of the child, and ever and

unconsciously betraying her sex. This period is very unpropitious for

some girls, who suddenly shoot up, become ugly, sallow and frail, like

plants before their due season. For those, however, who, like Miette,

are healthy and live in the open air, it is a time of delightful

gracefulness which once passed can never be recalled.

Miette was thirteen years of age, and although strong and sturdy did

not look any older, so bright and childish was the smile which lit up

her countenance. However, she was nearly as tall as Silvère, plump and

full of life. Like her lover, she had no common beauty. She would not

have been considered ugly, but she might have appeared peculiar to many

young exquisites. Her rich black hair rose roughly erect above her

forehead, streamed back like a rushing wave, and flowed over her head

and neck like an inky sea, tossing and bubbling capriciously. It was

very thick and inconvenient to arrange. However, she twisted it as

tightly as possible into coils as thick as a child’s fist, which she

wound together at the back of her head. She had little time to devote

to her toilette, but this huge chignon, hastily contrived without the

aid of any mirror, was often instinct with vigorous grace. On seeing

her thus naturally helmeted with a mass of frizzy hair which hung about

her neck and temples like a mane, one could readily understand why she

always went bareheaded, heedless alike of rain and frost.

Under her dark locks appeared her low forehead, curved and golden like

a crescent moon. Her large prominent eyes, her short tip-tilted nose

with dilated nostrils, and her thick ruddy lips, when regarded apart

from one another, would have looked ugly; viewed, however, all

together, amidst the delightful roundness and vivacious mobility of her

countenance, they formed an ensemble of strange, surprising beauty.

When Miette laughed, throwing back her head and gently resting it on

her right shoulder, she resembled an old-time Bacchante, her throat

distending with sonorous gaiety, her cheeks round like those of a

child, her teeth large and white, her twists of woolly hair tossed by

every outburst of merriment, and waving like a crown of vine leaves. To

realise that she was only a child of thirteen, one had to notice the

innocence underlying her full womanly laughter, and especially the

child-like delicacy of her chin and soft transparency of her temples.

In certain lights Miette’s sun-tanned face showed yellow like amber. A

little soft black down already shaded her upper lip. Toil too was

beginning to disfigure her small hands, which, if left idle, would have

become charmingly plump and delicate.

Miette and Silvère long remained silent. They were reading their own

anxious thoughts, and, as they pondered upon the unknown terrors of the

morrow, they tightened their mutual embrace. Their hearts communed with

each other, they understood how useless and cruel would be any verbal

plaint. The girl, however, could at last no longer contain herself,

and, choking with emotion, she gave expression, in one phrase, to their

mutual misgivings.

“You will come back again, won’t you?” she whispered, as she hung on

Silvère’s neck.

Silvère made no reply, but, half-stifling, and fearing lest he should

give way to tears like herself, he kissed her in brotherly fashion on

the cheek, at a loss for any other consolation. Then disengaging

themselves they again lapsed into silence.

After a moment Miette shuddered. Now that she no longer leant against

Silvère’s shoulder she was becoming icy cold. Yet she would not have

shuddered thus had she been in this deserted path the previous evening,

seated on this tombstone, where for several seasons they had tasted so

much happiness.

“I’m very cold,” she said, as she pulled her hood over her head.

“Shall we walk about a little?” the young man asked her. “It’s not yet

nine o’clock; we can take a stroll along the road.”

Miette reflected that for a long time she would probably not have the

pleasure of another meeting—another of those evening chats, the joy of

which served to sustain her all day long.

“Yes, let us walk a little,” she eagerly replied. “Let us go as far as

the mill. I could pass the whole night like this if you wanted to.”

They rose from the tombstone, and were soon hidden in the shadow of a

pile of planks. Here Miette opened her cloak, which had a quilted

lining of red twill, and threw half of it over Silvère’s shoulders,

thus enveloping him as he stood there close beside her. The same

garment cloaked them both, and they passed their arms round each

other’s waist, and became as it were but one being. When they were thus

shrouded in the pelisse they walked slowly towards the high road,

fearlessly crossing the vacant parts of the wood-yard, which looked

white in the moonlight. Miette had thrown the cloak over Silvère, and

he had submitted to it quite naturally, as though indeed the garment

rendered them a similar service every evening.

The road to Nice, on either side of which the suburban houses are

built, was, in the year 1851, lined with ancient elm-trees, grand and

gigantic ruins, still full of vigour, which the fastidious town council

has replaced, some years since, by some little plane-trees. When

Silvère and Miette found themselves under the elms, the huge boughs of

which cast shadows on the moonlit footpath, they met now and again

black forms which silently skirted the house fronts. These, too, were

amorous couples, closely wrapped in one and the same cloak, and

strolling in the darkness.

This style of promenading has been instituted by the young lovers of

Southern towns. Those boys and girls among the people who mean to marry

sooner or later, but who do not dislike a kiss or two in advance, know

no spot where they can kiss at their ease without exposing themselves

to recognition and gossip. Accordingly, while strolling about the

suburbs, the plots of waste land, the footpaths of the high road—in

fact, all these places where there are few passers-by and numerous

shady nooks—they conceal their identity by wrapping themselves in these

long cloaks, which are capacious enough to cover a whole family. The

parents tolerate these proceedings; however stiff may be provincial

propriety, no apprehensions, seemingly, are entertained. And, on the

other hand, nothing could be more charming than these lovers’ rambles,

which appeal so keenly to the Southerner’s fanciful imagination. There

is a veritable masquerade, fertile in innocent enjoyments, within the

reach of the most humble. The girl clasps her sweetheart to her bosom,

enveloping him in her own warm cloak; and no doubt it is delightful to

be able to kiss one’s sweetheart within those shrouding folds without

danger of being recognised. One couple is exactly like another. And to

the belated pedestrian, who sees the vague groups gliding hither and

thither, ‘tis merely love passing, love guessed and scarce espied. The

lovers know they are safely concealed within their cloaks, they

converse in undertones and make themselves quite at home; most

frequently they do not converse at all, but walk along at random and in

silence, content in their embrace. The climate alone is to blame for

having in the first instance prompted these young lovers to retire to

secluded spots in the suburbs. On fine summer nights one cannot walk

round Plassans without coming across a hooded couple in every patch of

shadow falling from the house walls. Certain places, the Aire

Saint-Mittre, for instance, are full of these dark “dominoes” brushing

past one another, gliding softly in the warm nocturnal air. One might

imagine they were guests invited to some mysterious ball given by the

stars to lowly lovers. When the weather is very warm and the girls do

not wear cloaks, they simply turn up their over-skirts. And in the

winter the more passionate lovers make light of the frosts. Thus,

Miette and Silvère, as they descended the Nice road, thought little of

the chill December night.

They passed through the slumbering suburb without exchanging a word,

but enjoying the mute delight of their warm embrace. Their hearts were

heavy; the joy which they felt in being side by side was tinged with

the painful emotion which comes from the thought of approaching

severance, and it seemed to them that they could never exhaust the

mingled sweetness and bitterness of the silence which slowly lulled

their steps. But the houses soon grew fewer, and they reached the end

of the Faubourg. There stands the entrance to the Jas-Meiffren, an iron

gate fixed to two strong pillars; a low row of mulberry-trees being

visible through the bars. Silvère and Miette instinctively cast a

glance inside as they passed on.

Beyond the Jas-Meiffren the road descends with a gentle slope to a

valley, which serves as the bed of a little rivulet, the Viorne, a

brook in summer but a torrent in winter. The rows of elms still

extended the whole way at that time, making the high road a magnificent

avenue, which cast a broad band of gigantic trees across the hill,

which was planted with corn and stunted vines. On that December night,

under the clear cold moonlight, the newly-ploughed fields stretching

away on either hand resembled vast beds of greyish wadding which

deadened every sound in the atmosphere. The dull murmur of the Viorne

in the distance alone sent a quivering thrill through the profound

silence of the country-side.

When the young people had begun to descend the avenue, Miette’s

thoughts reverted to the Jas-Meiffren which they had just left behind

them.

“I had great difficulty in getting away this evening,” she said. “My

uncle wouldn’t let me go. He had shut himself up in a cellar, where he

was hiding his money, I think, for he seemed greatly frightened this

morning at the events that are taking place.”

Silvère clasped her yet more lovingly. “Be brave!” said he. “The time

will come when we shall be able to see each other freely the whole day

long. You must not fret.”

“Oh,” replied the girl, shaking her head, “you are very hopeful. For my

part I sometimes feel very sad. It isn’t the hard work which grieves

me; on the contrary, I am often very glad of my uncle’s severity, and

the tasks he sets me. He was quite right to make me a peasant girl; I

should perhaps have turned out badly, for, do you know, Silvère, there

are moments when I fancy myself under a curse. . . . I feel, then, that

I should like to be dead. . . . I think of you know whom.”

As she spoke these last words, her voice broke into a sob. Silvère

interrupted her somewhat harshly. “Be quiet,” he said. “You promised

not to think about it. It’s no crime of yours. . . . We love each other

very much, don’t we?” he added in a gentler tone. “When we’re married

you’ll have no more unpleasant hours.”

“I know,” murmured Miette. “You are so kind, you sustain me. But what

am I to do? I sometimes have fears and feelings of revolt. I think at

times that I have been wronged, and then I should like to do something

wicked. You see I pour forth my heart to you. Whenever my father’s name

is thrown in my face, I feel my whole body burning. When the urchins

cry at me as I pass, ‘Eh, La Chantegreil,’ I lose all control of

myself, and feel that I should like to lay hold of them and whip them.”

After a savage pause she resumed: “As for you, you’re a man; you’re

going to fight; you’re very lucky.”

Silvère had let her speak on. After a few steps he observed

sorrowfully: “You are wrong, Miette; yours is bad anger. You shouldn’t

rebel against justice. As for me, I’m going to fight in defence of our

common rights, not to gratify any personal animosity.”

“All the same,” the young girl continued, “I should like to be a man

and handle a gun. I feel that it would do me good.”

Then, as Silvère remained silent, she perceived that she had displeased

him. Her feverishness subsided, and she whispered in a supplicating

tone: “You are not angry with me, are you? It’s your departure which

grieves me and awakens such ideas. I know very well you are right—that

I ought to be humble.”

Then she began to cry, and Silvère, moved by her tears, grasped her

hands and kissed them.

“See, now, how you pass from anger to tears, like a child,” he said

lovingly. “You must be reasonable. I’m not scolding you. I only want to

see you happier, and that depends largely upon yourself.”

The remembrance of the drama which Miette had so sadly evoked cast a

temporary gloom over the lovers. They continued their walk with bowed

heads and troubled thoughts.

“Do you think I’m much happier than you?” Silvère at last inquired,

resuming the conversation in spite of himself. “If my grandmother had

not taken care of me and educated me, what would have become of me?

With the exception of my Uncle Antoine, who is an artisan like myself,

and who taught me to love the Republic, all my other relations seem to

fear that I might besmirch them by coming near them.”

He was now speaking with animation, and suddenly stopped, detaining

Miette in the middle of the road.

“God is my witness,” he continued, “that I do not envy or hate anybody.

But if we triumph, I shall have to tell the truth to those fine

gentlemen. Uncle Antoine knows all about this matter. You’ll see when

we return. We shall all live free and happy.”

Then Miette gently led him on, and they resumed their walk.

“You dearly love your Republic?” the girl asked, essaying a joke. “Do

you love me as much?”

Her smile was not altogether free from a tinge of bitterness. She was

thinking, perhaps, how easily Silvère abandoned her to go and scour the

country-side. But the lad gravely replied: “You are my wife, to whom I

have given my whole heart. I love the Republic because I love you. When

we are married we shall want plenty of happiness, and it is to procure

a share of that happiness that I’m going way to-morrow morning. You

surely don’t want to persuade me to remain at home?”

“Oh, no!” cried the girl eagerly. “A man should be brave! Courage is

beautiful! You must forgive my jealousy. I should like to be as

strong-minded as you are. You would love me all the more, wouldn’t

you?”

After a moment’s silence she added, with charming vivacity and

ingenuousness: “Ah, how willingly I shall kiss you when you come back!”

This outburst of a loving and courageous heart deeply affected Silvère.

He clasped Miette in his arms and printed several kisses on her cheek.

As she laughingly struggled to escape him, her eyes filled with tears

of emotion.

All around the lovers the country still slumbered amid the deep

stillness of the cold. They were now half-way down the hill. On the top

of a rather lofty hillock to the left stood the ruins of a windmill,

blanched by the moon; the tower, which had fallen in on one side, alone

remained. This was the limit which the young people had assigned to

their walk. They had come straight from the Faubourg without casting a

single glance at the fields between which they passed. When Silvère had

kissed Miette’s cheek, he raised his head and observed the mill.

“What a long walk we’ve had!” he exclaimed. “See—here is the mill. It

must be nearly half-past nine. We must go home.”

But Miette pouted. “Let us walk a little further,” she implored; “only

a few steps, just as far as the little cross-road, no farther, really.”

Silvère smiled as he again took her round the waist. Then they

continued to descend the hill, no longer fearing inquisitive glances,

for they had not met a living soul since passing the last houses. They

nevertheless remained enveloped in the long pelisse, which seemed, as

it were, a natural nest for their love. It had shrouded them on so many

happy evenings! Had they simply walked side by side, they would have

felt small and isolated in that vast stretch of country, whereas,

blended together as they were, they became bolder and seemed less puny.

Between the folds of the pelisse they gazed upon the fields stretching

on both sides of the road, without experiencing that crushing feeling

with which far-stretching callous vistas oppress the human affections.

It seemed to them as though they had brought their house with them;

they felt a pleasure in viewing the country-side as from a window,

delighting in the calm solitude, the sheets of slumbering light, the

glimpses of nature vaguely distinguishable beneath the shroud of night

and winter, the whole of that valley indeed, which while charming them

could not thrust itself between their close-pressed hearts.

All continuity of conversation had ceased; they spoke no more of

others, nor even of themselves. They were absorbed by the present,

pressing each other’s hands, uttering exclamations at the sight of some

particular spot, exchanging words at rare intervals, and then

understanding each other but little, for drowsiness came from the

warmth of their embrace. Silvère forgot his Republican enthusiasm;

Miette no longer reflected that her lover would be leaving her in an

hour, for a long time, perhaps for ever. The transports of their

affection lulled them into a feeling of security, as on other days,

when no prospect of parting had marred the tranquility of their

meetings.

They still walked on, and soon reached the little crossroad mentioned

by Miette—a bit of a lane which led through the fields to a village on

the banks of the Viorne. But they passed on, pretending not to notice

this path, where they had agreed to stop. And it was only some minutes

afterwards that Silvère whispered, “It must be very late; you will get

tired.”

“No; I assure you I’m not at all tired,” the girl replied. “I could

walk several leagues like this easily.” Then, in a coaxing tone, she

added: “Let us go down as far as the meadows of Sainte-Claire. There we

will really stop and turn back.”

Silvère, whom the girl’s rhythmic gait lulled to semi-somnolence, made

no objection, and their rapture began afresh. They now went on more

slowly, fearing the moment when they would have to retrace their steps.

So long as they walked onward, they felt as though they were advancing

to the eternity of their mutual embrace; the return would mean

separation and bitter leave-taking.

The declivity of the road was gradually becoming more gentle. In the

valley below there are meadows extending as far as the Viorne, which

runs at the other end, beneath a range of low hills. These meadows,

separated from the high-road by thickset hedges, are the meadows of

Sainte-Claire.

“Bah!” exclaimed Silvère this time, as he caught sight of the first

patches of grass: “we may as well go as far as the bridge.”

At this Miette burst out laughing, clasped the young man round the

neck, and kissed him noisily.

At the spot where the hedges begin, there were in those days two elms

forming the end of the long avenue, two colossal trees larger than any

of the others. The treeless fields stretch out from the high road, like

a broad band of green wool, as far as the willows and birches by the

river. The distance from the last elms to the bridge is scarcely three

hundred yards. The lovers took a good quarter of an hour to cover that

space. At last, however slow their gait, they reached the bridge, and

there they stopped.

The road to Nice ran up in front of them, along the opposite slope of

the valley. But they could only see a small portion of it, as it takes

a sudden turn about half a mile from the bridge, and is lost to view

among the wooded hills. On looking round they caught sight of the other

end of the road, that which they had just traversed, and which leads in

a direct line from Plassans to the Viorne. In the beautiful winter

moonlight it looked like a long silver ribbon, with dark edgings traced

by the rows of elms. On the right and left the ploughed hill-land

showed like vast, grey, vague seas intersected by this ribbon, this

roadway white with frost, and brilliant as with metallic lustre. Up

above, on a level with the horizon, lights shone from a few windows in

the Faubourg, resembling glowing sparks. By degrees Miette and Silvère

had walked fully a league. They gazed at the intervening road, full of

silent admiration for the vast amphitheatre which rose to the verge of

the heavens, and over which flowed bluish streams of light, as over the

superposed rocks of a gigantic waterfall. The strange and colossal

picture spread out amid deathlike stillness and silence. Nothing could

have been of more sovereign grandeur.

Then the young people, having leant against the parapet of the bridge,

gazed beneath them. The Viorne, swollen by the rains, flowed on with a

dull, continuous sound. Up and down stream, despite the darkness which

filled the hollows, they perceived the black lines of the trees growing

on the banks; here and there glided the moonbeams, casting a trail of

molten metal, as it were, over the water, which glittered and danced

like rays of light on the scales of some live animal. The gleams darted

with a mysterious charm along the gray torrent, betwixt the vague

phantom-like foliage. You might have thought this an enchanted valley,

some wondrous retreat where a community of shadows and gleams lived a

fantastic life.

This part of the river was familiar to the lovers; they had often come

here in search of coolness on warm July nights; they had spent hours

hidden among the clusters of willows on the right bank, at the spot

where the meadows of Sainte-Claire spread their verdant carpet to the

waterside. They remembered every bend of the bank, the stones on which

they had stepped in order to cross the Viorne, at that season as narrow

as a brooklet, and certain little grassy hollows where they had

indulged in their dreams of love. Miette, therefore, now gazed from the

bridge at the right bank of the torrent with longing eyes.

“If it were warmer,” she sighed, “we might go down and rest awhile

before going back up the hill.” Then, after a pause, during which she

kept her eyes fixed on the banks, she resumed: “Look down there,

Silvère, at that black mass yonder in front of the lock. Do you

remember? That’s the brushwood where we sat last Corpus Christi Day.”

“Yes, so it is,” replied Silvère, softly.

This was the spot where they had first ventured to kiss each other on

the cheek. The remembrance just roused by the girl’s words brought both

of them a delightful feeling, an emotion in which the joys of the past

mingled with the hopes of the morrow. Before their eyes, with the

rapidity of lightening, there passed all the delightful evenings they

had spent together, especially that evening of Corpus Christi Day, with

the warm sky, the cool willows of the Viorne, and their own loving

talk. And at the same time, whilst the past came back to their hearts

full of a delightful savour, they fancied they could plunge into the

unknown future, see their dreams realised, and march through life arm

in arm—even as they had just been doing on the highway—warmly wrapped

in the same cloak. Then rapture came to them again, and they smiled in

each other’s eyes, alone amidst all the silent radiance.

Suddenly, however, Silvère raised his head and, throwing off the cloak,

listened attentively. Miette, in her surprise, imitated him, at a loss

to understand why he had started so abruptly from her side.

Confused sounds had for a moment been coming from behind the hills in

the midst of which the Nice road wends its way. They suggested the

distant jolting of a procession of carts; but not distinctly, so loud

was the roaring of the Viorne. Gradually, however, they became more

pronounced, and rose at last like the tramping of an army on the march.

Then amidst the continuous growing rumble one detected the shouts of a

crowd, strange rhythmical blasts as of a hurricane. One could even have

fancied they were the thunderclaps of a rapidly approaching storm which

was already disturbing the slumbering atmosphere. Silvère listened

attentively, unable to tell, however, what were those tempest-like

shouts, for the hills prevented them from reaching him distinctly.

Suddenly a dark mass appeared at the turn of the road, and then the

“Marseillaise” burst forth, formidable, sung as with avenging fury.

“Ah, here they are!” cried Silvère, with a burst of joyous enthusiasm.

Forthwith he began to run up the hill, dragging Miette with him. On the

left of the road was an embankment planted with evergreen oaks, up

which he clambered with the young girl, to avoid being carried away by

the surging, howling multitude.

When he had reached the top of the bank and the shadow of the

brushwood, Miette, rather pale, gazed sorrowfully at those men whose

distant song had sufficed to draw Silvère from her embrace. It seemed

as if the whole band had thrust itself between them. They had been so

happy a few minutes before, locked in each other’s arms, alone and lost

amidst the overwhelming silence and discreet glimmer of the moon! And

now Silvère, whose head was turned away from her, who no longer seemed

even conscious of her presence, had eyes only for those strangers whom

he called his brothers.

The band descended the slope with a superb, irresistible stride. There

could have been nothing grander than the irruption of those few

thousand men into that cold, still, deathly scene. The highway became a

torrent, rolling with living waves which seemed inexhaustible. At the

bend in the road fresh masses ever appeared, whose songs ever helped to

swell the roar of this human tempest. When the last battalions came in

sight the uproar was deafening. The “Marseillaise” filled the

atmosphere as if blown through enormous trumpets by giant mouths, which

cast it, vibrating with a brazen clang, into every corner of the

valley. The slumbering country-side awoke with a start—quivering like a

beaten drum resonant to its very entrails, and repeating with each and

every echo the passionate notes of the national song. And then the

singing was no longer confined to the men. From the very horizon, from

the distant rocks, the ploughed land, the meadows, the copses, the

smallest bits of brushwood, human voices seemed to come. The great

amphitheatre, extending from the river to Plassans, the gigantic

cascade over which the bluish moonlight flowed, was as if filled with

innumerable invisible people cheering the insurgents; and in the depths

of the Viorne, along the waters streaked with mysterious metallic

reflections, there was not a dark nook but seemed to conceal human

beings, who took up each refrain with yet greater passion. With air and

earth alike quivering, the whole country-side cried for vengeance and

liberty. So long as the little army was descending the slope, the roar

of the populace thus rolled on in sonorous waves broken by abrupt

outbursts which shook the very stones in the roadway.

Silvère, pale with emotion, still listened and looked on. The

insurgents who led the van of that swarming, roaring stream, so vague

and monstrous in the darkness, were rapidly approaching the bridge.

“I thought,” murmured Miette, “that you would not pass through

Plassans?”

“They must have altered the plan of operations,” Silvère replied; “we

were, in fact, to have marched to the chief town by the Toulon road,

passing to the left of Plassans and Orcheres. They must have left

Alboise this afternoon and passed Les Tulettes this evening.”

The head of the column had already arrived in front of the young

people. The little army was more orderly than one would have expected

from a band of undisciplined men. The contingents from the various

towns and villages formed separate battalions, each separated by a

distance of a few paces. These battalions were apparently under the

orders of certain chiefs. For the nonce the pace at which they were

descending the hillside made them a compact mass of invincible

strength. There were probably about three thousand men, all united and

carried away by the same storm of indignation. The strange details of

the scene were not discernible amidst the shadows cast over the highway

by the lofty slopes. At five or six feet from the brushwood, however,

where Miette and Silvère were sheltered, the left-hand embankment gave

place to a little pathway which ran alongside the Viorne; and the

moonlight, flowing through this gap, cast a broad band of radiance

across the road. When the first insurgents reached this patch of light

they were suddenly illumined by a sharp white glow which revealed, with

singular distinctness, every outline of visage or costume. And as the

various contingents swept on, the young people thus saw them emerge,

fiercely and without cessation, from the surrounding darkness.

As the first men passed through the light Miette instinctively clung to

Silvère, although she knew she was safe, even from observation. She

passed her arm round the young fellow’s neck, resting her head against

his shoulder. And with the hood of her pelisse encircling her pale face

she gazed fixedly at that square patch of light as it was rapidly

traversed by those strange faces, transfigured by enthusiasm, with dark

open mouths full of the furious cry of the “Marseillaise.” Silvère,

whom she felt quivering at her side, then bent towards her and named

the various contingents as they passed.

The column marched along eight abreast. In the van were a number of

big, square-headed fellows, who seemed to possess the herculean

strength and naïve confidence of giants. They would doubtless prove

blind, intrepid defenders of the Republic. On their shoulders they

carried large axes, whose edges, freshly sharpened, glittered in the

moonlight.

“Those are the woodcutters of the forests of the Seille,” said Silvère.

“They have been formed into a corps of sappers. At a signal from their

leaders they would march as far as Paris, battering down the gates of

the towns with their axes, just as they cut down the old cork-trees on

the mountain.”

The young man spoke with pride of the heavy fists of his brethren. And

on seeing a band of labourers and rough-bearded men, tanned by the sun,

coming along behind the woodcutters, he continued: “That is the

contingent from La Palud. That was the first place to rise. The men in

blouses are labourers who cut up the cork-trees; the others in

velveteen jackets must be sportsmen, poachers, and charcoal-burners

living in the passes of the Seille. The poachers knew your father,

Miette. They have good firearms, which they handle skilfully. Ah! if

all were armed in the same manner! We are short of muskets. See, the

labourers have only got cudgels!”

Miette, still speechless, looked on and listened. As Silvère spoke to

her of her father, the blood surged to her cheeks. Her face burnt as

she scrutinised the sportsmen with a strange air of mingled indignation

and sympathy. From this moment she grew animated, yielding to the

feverish quiver which the insurgents’ songs awakened.

The column, which had just begun the “Marseillaise” afresh, was still

marching down as though lashed on by the sharp blasts of the “Mistral.”

The men of La Palud were followed by another troop of workmen, among

whom a goodly number of middle class folks in great-coats were to be

seen.

“Those are the men of Saint-Martin-de-Vaulx,” Silvère resumed. “That

_bourg_ rose almost at the same time as La Palud. The masters joined

the workmen. There are some rich men there, Miette; men whose wealth

would enable them to live peacefully at home, but who prefer to risk

their lives in defence of liberty. One can but admire them. Weapons are

very scarce, however; they’ve scarcely got a few fowling-pieces. But do

you see those men yonder, Miette, with red bands round their left

elbows? They are the leaders.”

The contingents descended the hill more rapidly than Silvère could

speak. While he was naming the men from Saint-Martin-de-Vaulx, two

battalions had already crossed the ray of light which blanched the

roadway.

“Did you see the insurgents from Alboise and Les Tulettes pass by just

now?” he asked. “I recognised Burgat the blacksmith. They must have

joined the band to-day. How they do run!”

Miette was now leaning forward, in order to see more of the little

bands described to her by the young man. The quiver she felt rose from

her bosom to her throat. Then a battalion larger and better disciplined

than the others appeared. The insurgents composing it were nearly all

dressed in blue blouses, with red sashes round their waists. One would

have thought they were arrayed in uniform. A man on horseback, with a

sabre at his side, was in the midst of them. And most of these

improvised soldiers carried guns, probably carbines and old muskets of

the National Guard.

“I don’t know those,” said Silvère. “The man on horseback must be the

chief I’ve heard spoken of. He brought with him the contingents from

Faverolles and the neighbouring villages. The whole column ought to be

equipped in the same manner.”

He had no time to take breath. “Ah! see, here are the country people!”

he suddenly cried.

Small groups of ten or twenty men at the most were now advancing behind

the men of Faverolles. They all wore the short jacket of the Southern

peasantry, and as they sang they brandished pitchforks and scythes.

Some of them even only carried large navvies’ shovels. Every hamlet,

however, had sent its able-bodied men.

Silvère, who recognised the parties by their leaders, enumerated them

in feverish tones. “The contingent from Chavanoz!” said he. “There are

only eight men, but they are strong; Uncle Antoine knows them. Here’s

Nazeres! Here’s Poujols! They’re all here; not one has failed to answer

the summons. Valqueyras! Hold, there’s the parson amongst them; I’ve

heard about him, he’s a staunch Republican.”

He was becoming intoxicated with the spectacle. Now that each battalion

consisted of only a few insurgents he had to name them yet more

hastily, and his precipitancy gave him the appearance of one in a

frenzy.

“Ah! Miette,” he continued, “what a fine march past! Rozan! Vernoux!

Corbière! And there are more still, you’ll see. These have only got

scythes, but they’ll mow down the troops as close as the grass in their

meadows—Saint-Eutrope! Mazet! Les Gardes, Marsanne! The whole north

side of the Seille! Ah, we shall be victorious! The whole country is

with us. Look at those men’s arms, they are hard and black as iron.

There’s no end to them. There’s Pruinas! Roches Noires! Those last are

smugglers: they are carrying carbines. Still more scythes and

pitchforks, the contingents of country folk are still passing.

Castel-le-Vieux! Sainte-Anne! Graille! Estourmel! Murdaran!”

His voice was husky with emotion as he finished naming these men, who

seemed to be borne away by a whirlwind as fast as he enumerated them.

Erect, with glowing countenance, he pointed out the several contingents

with a nervous gesture. Miette followed his movements. The road below

attracted her like the depths of a precipice. To avoid slipping down

the incline she clung to the young man’s neck. A strange intoxication

emanated from those men, who themselves were inebriated with clamour,

courage, and confidence. Those beings, seen athwart a moonbeam, those

youths and those men in their prime, those old people brandishing

strange weapons and dressed in the most diverse costumes, from working

smock to middle class overcoat, those endless rows of heads, which the

hour and the circumstances endowed with an expression of fanatical

energy and enthusiasm, gradually appeared to the girl like a whirling,

impetuous torrent. At certain moments she fancied they were not of

themselves moving, that they were really being carried away by the

force of the “Marseillaise,” by that hoarse, sonorous chant. She could

not distinguish any conversation, she heard but a continuous volume of

sound, alternating from bass to shrill notes, as piercing as nails

driven into one’s flesh. This roar of revolt, this call to combat, to

death, with its outbursts of indignation, its burning thirst for

liberty, its remarkable blending of bloodthirsty and sublime impulses,

unceasingly smote her heart, penetrating more deeply at each fierce

outburst, and filling her with the voluptuous pangs of a virgin martyr

who stands erect and smiles under the lash. And the crowd flowed on

ever amidst the same sonorous wave of sound. The march past, which did

not really last more than a few minutes, seemed to the young people to

be interminable.

Truly, Miette was but a child. She had turned pale at the approach of

the band, she had wept for the loss of love, but she was a brave child,

whose ardent nature was easily fired by enthusiasm. Thus ardent

emotions had gradually got possession of her, and she became as

courageous as a youth. She would willingly have seized a weapon and

followed the insurgents. As the muskets and scythes filed past, her

white teeth glistened longer and sharper between her red lips, like the

fangs of a young wolf eager to bite and tear. And as she listened to

Silvère enumerating the contingents from the country-side with

ever-increasing haste, the pace of the column seemed to her to

accelerate still more. She soon fancied it all a cloud of human dust

swept along by a tempest. Everything began to whirl before her. Then

she closed her eyes; big hot tears were rolling down her cheeks.

Silvère’s eyelashes were also moist. “I don’t see the men who left

Plassans this afternoon,” he murmured.

He tried to distinguish the end of the column, which was still hidden

by the darkness. Suddenly he cried with joyous exultation: “Ah, here

they are! They’ve got the banner—the banner has been entrusted to

them!”

Then he wanted to leap from the slope in order to join his companions.

At this moment, however, the insurgents halted. Words of command ran

along the column, the “Marseillaise” died out in a final rumble, and

one could only hear the confused murmuring of the still surging crowd.

Silvère, as he listened, caught the orders which were passed on from

one contingent to another; they called the men of Plassans to the van.

Then, as each battalion ranged itself alongside the road to make way

for the banner, the young man reascended the embankment, dragging

Miette with him.

“Come,” he said; “we can get across the river before they do.”

When they were on the top, among the ploughed land, they ran along to a

mill whose lock bars the river. Then they crossed the Viorne on a plank

placed there by the millers, and cut across the meadows of

Sainte-Claire, running hand-in-hand, without exchanging a word. The

column threw a dark line over the highway, which they followed

alongside the hedges. There were some gaps in the hawthorns, and at

last Silvère and Miette sprang on to the road through one of them.

In spite of the circuitous way they had come, they arrived at the same

time as the men of Plassans. Silvère shook hands with some of them.

They must have thought he had heard of the new route they had chosen,

and had come to meet them. Miette, whose face was half-concealed by her

hood, was scrutinised rather inquisitively.

“Why, it’s Chantegreil,” at last said one of the men from the Faubourg

of Plassans, “the niece of Rebufat, the _méger_[*] of the

Jas-Meiffren.”

[*] A _méger_ is a farmer in Provence who shares the expenses and

profits of his farm with the owner of the land.

“Where have you sprung from, gadabout?” cried another voice.

Silvère, intoxicated with enthusiasm, had not thought of the distress

which his sweetheart would feel at the jeers of the workmen. Miette,

all confusion, looked at him as if to implore his aid. But before he

could even open his lips another voice rose from the crowd, brutally

exclaiming:

“Her father’s at the galleys; we don’t want the daughter of a thief and

murderer amongst us.”

At this Miette turned dreadfully pale.

“You lie!” she muttered. “If my father did kill anybody, he never

thieved!”

And as Silvère, pale and trembling more than she, began to clench his

fists: “Stop!” she continued; “this is my affair.”

Then, turning to the men, she repeated with a shout: “You lie! You lie!

He never stole a copper from anybody. You know it well enough. Why do

you insult him when he can’t be here?”

She drew herself up, superb with indignation. With her ardent,

half-wild nature she seemed to accept the charge of murder composedly

enough, but that of theft exasperated her. They knew it, and that was

why folks, from stupid malice, often cast the accusation in her face.

The man who had just called her father a thief was merely repeating

what he had heard said for many years. The girl’s defiant attitude only

incited the workmen to jeer the more. Silvère still had his fists

clenched, and matters might have become serious if a poacher from the

Seille, who had been sitting on a heap of stones at the roadside

awaiting the order to march, had not come to the girl’s assistance.

“The little one’s right,” he said. “Chantegreil was one of us. I knew

him. Nobody knows the real facts of his little matter. I always

believed in the truth of his deposition before the judge. The gendarme

whom he brought down with a bullet, while he was out shooting, was no

doubt taking aim at him at the time. A man must defend himself! At all

events Chantegreil was a decent fellow; he committed no robbery.”

As often happens in such cases, the testimony of this poacher sufficed

to bring other defenders to Miette’s aid. Several workmen also

professed to have known Chantegreil.

“Yes, yes, it’s true!” they all said. “He wasn’t a thief. There are

some scoundrels at Plassans who ought to be sent to prison in his

place. Chantegreil was our brother. Come, now, be calm, little one.”

Miette had never before heard anyone speak well of her father. He was

generally referred to as a beggar, a villain, and now she found good

fellows who had forgiving words for him, and declared him to be an

honest man. She burst into tears, again full of the emotion awakened in

her by the “Marseillaise;” and she bethought herself how she might

thank these men for their kindness to her in misfortune. For a moment

she conceived the idea of shaking them all by the hand like a man. But

her heart suggested something better. By her side stood the insurgent

who carried the banner. She touched the staff, and, to express her

gratitude, said in an entreating tone, “Give it to me; I will carry

it.”

The simple-minded workmen understood the ingenuous sublimity of this

form of gratitude.

“Yes,” they all cried, “Chantegreil shall carry the banner.”

However, a woodcutter remarked that she would soon get tired, and would

not be able to go far.

“Oh! I’m quite strong,” she retorted proudly, tucking up her sleeves

and showing a pair of arms as big as those of a grown woman. Then as

they handed her the flag she resumed, “Wait just a moment.”

Forthwith she pulled off her cloak, and put it on again after turning

the red lining outside. In the clear moonlight she appeared to be

arrayed in a purple mantle reaching to her feet. The hood resting on

the edge of her chignon formed a kind of Phrygian cap. She took the

flag, pressed the staff to her bosom, and held herself upright amid the

folds of that blood-coloured banner which waved behind her.

Enthusiastic child that she was, her countenance, with its curly hair,

large eyes moist with tears, and lips parted in a smile, seemed to rise

with energetic pride as she turned it towards the sky. At that moment

she was the virgin Liberty.

The insurgents burst into applause. The vivid imagination of those

Southerners was fired with enthusiasm at the sudden apparition of this

girl so nervously clasping their banner to her bosom. Shouts rose from

the nearest group:

“Bravo, Chantegreil! Chantegreil for ever! She shall remain with us;

she’ll bring us luck!”

They would have cheered her for a long time yet had not the order to

resume the march arrived. Whilst the column moved on, Miette pressed

Silvère’s hand and whispered in his ear: “You hear! I shall remain with

you. Are you glad?”

Silvère, without replying, returned the pressure. He consented. In

fact, he was deeply affected, unable to resist the enthusiasm which

fired his companions. Miette seemed to him so lovely, so grand, so

saintly! During the whole climb up the hill he still saw her before

him, radiant, amidst a purple glory. She was now blended with his other

adored mistress—the Republic. He would have liked to be in action

already, with his gun on his shoulder. But the insurgents moved slowly.

They had orders to make as little noise as possible. Thus the column

advanced between the rows of elms like some gigantic serpent whose

every ring had a strange quivering. The frosty December night had again

sunk into silence, and the Viorne alone seemed to roar more loudly.

On reaching the first houses of the Faubourg, Silvère ran on in front

to fetch his gun from the Aire Saint-Mittre, which he found slumbering

in the moonlight. When he again joined the insurgents they had reached

the Porte de Rome. Miette bent towards him, and with her childish smile

observed: “I feel as if I were at the procession on Corpus Christi Day

carrying the banner of the Virgin.”