Free-Soil party,

Buffalo convention of 1848, 347;

nomination and platform, 347, 348;

nomination of Hale, 377;

the _National Era_ address, 389;

its effect, 400;

vote in House on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 404, 405;

meaning of the vote, 405, 406;

appearance of Eli Thayer, 408, 409;

as to leaders of Emigrant Aid Company, 413;

effect of Kansas struggle, 417;

relation of Free-soil party to rise of Republican party, 418;

effect of Dred Scott decision, 458

Fremont, John Charles, effect of events in Kansas on his candidacy in

1856, 447

French Republic, the, 23

Fugitive slave law,

passed by Congress, 51;

law of 1850, 363, 364 (_see also_ Slavery);

law of 1850 makes slavery a national matter, 366;

its further effect, 366, 367;

views of Calhoun, Davis, and Rhett, 367;

the Hamlet case, 367;

efforts at repeal of law, 367, 368;

the Crafts case, 368;

the "Underground" established, 368;

attitude of the lawyers, 368;

Fillmore's message of December, 1850, 368, 369;

Fillmore's message, 369;

motion of Giddings, 369;

petitions for repeal, 369, 370;

the Shadrach case, 370;

Fillmore's message, 370, 371;

debate on Clay's motion, 371;

report on powers of President, 371, 372;

the Sims case, 372, 373;

Boston meetings, 373;

leaders of opinion, 373;

the "Jerry rescue," 373, 374;

Fillmore's message of December 2, 1851, 374;

debate on Foote's finality resolutions, 374, 375;

the result, 375;

petitions for repeal, 375;

Whig convention of 1852, 376;

attack by Sumner, 377;

effect of election of 1852, 377;

various policies as to slavery, 377-379

Fuller, Timothy, in Missouri bill debate, 68

"Fundamentals," Massachusetts, 41

Furness, William Henry, opposes fugitive slave law, 368

GAINES, EDMUND PENDLETON,

in Florida, 28, 30, 31;

ordered to Georgia, 213;

authorized to advance into Texas, 298

Garland, James, reply to Slade, 258

Garrison, William Lloyd,

beginning of abolition, 246;

estimate, 246;

the constitutional situation, 246-248;

attack on the Constitution, 248;

publishes the _Liberator_, 251;

compared with moderates, 251;

opposition to fugitive slave law, 373

Geary, John White,

appointed governor of Kansas with authority over troops, 446;

at Lecompton and Lawrence, 446;

enforces withdrawal of Missourians, 446, 447;

his resignation, 447

Geography, relation to political development, 20

Georgetown, South Carolina, instructions to collector, 230

Georgia, Commonwealth of, 8, 26, 27, 28, 33;

slavery prohibited, 43;

conditional cession of western lands, 50, 56;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 118;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822, 119;

stock held in United States Bank, 203;

nullification in Georgia, 210;

conditional cession of lands of 1802, 211;

the attempt to erect an Indian State, 211;

problem of land titles in Georgia, 211, 212;

legislature memorializes for quieting of Indian claims, 212;

the Indian Springs convention, 212;

its repudiation, 212;

the attempt to survey the lands, 212;

Barbour's letter to Troup, 212, 213;

quieting of Indian titles by agreement of 1826, 214;

Georgia repudiates the agreement, 214;

defiance of central Government, 214, 215;

President refers matter to Congress, 215;

Congress fails to act, 215;

legislature extends criminal jurisdiction over Cherokees, 215;

Jackson's opinion of Georgia's position, 216;

obstinacy of the Cherokees, 216;

the question in Jackson's message of 1829, 216, 217;

opinions of Indian titles, 217;

the solution in Georgia, 217, 218;

legislature incorporates Cherokee lands in the Commonwealth, 218;

the Cherokee Nation case, 218;

the case of Worcester against Georgia, 218, 219;

failure to execute decision, 219, 220;

convention in, 375;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399;

Jackson's Georgians in Kansas, 438

Ghent, treaty of, 9, 26

Giddings, Joshua Reed,

denounces Fillmore and Webster, 369;

colloquy with Howe, 381, 382

Glascock, Thomas, attitude on procedure as to petitions, 259

Goliad, atrocities, 293

Gonzales, attacked, 293

Gordon, William F.,

proposal as to independent treasury, 285;

relation of parties to its rejection, 285

Gorham, Benjamin,

attitude to tariff bill of 1823, 111;

reply to McDuffie, 176

Gorostiza, Manuel Eduardo de, leaves Washington, 299

Granger, Francis, claim as to District of Columbia, 257

Grasshopper Falls, Kansas, convention at, 464

Great Britain,

treaty of 1763, 21, 23;

treaty of 1783, 22;

war of United States with, 24;

treaty of 1814, 26;

Nicholls's proposition to, 27;

Indian allies of, 29;

relations with United States as to slaves, 58, 59;

claims in North Pacific, 123;

relation to Holy Alliance, 123, 124;

proposal as to Holy Alliance, 125;

Canning's declaration, 125;

diplomatic relations, 287;

Ashburton Treaty, 303;

recognizes Texan independence, 304;

as mediator between Mexico and Texas, 304;

the London letter of British plans, 304;

claims to Oregon, 311;

Nootka Convention, 311, 312;

effect of war with Spain, 312;

Treaty of Utrecht, 312;

claim of United States, 312, 313;

treaty of 1818 with United States, 313;

effect of treaty of 1819 between United States and Spain, 313;

agreement of 1828 with United States, 314;

in Ashburton-Webster negotiations, 314;

ignorance as to Oregon, 314, 315;

the work of Whitman, 315, 316;

Democratic platform of 1844, 316;

negotiations as to Oregon, 321;

statement of negotiations in Polk's first message, 324;

his recommendations, 324;

action of Congress, April, 1846, 325, 326;

treaty of June, 1846, 326;

possibility of holding California, 332;

result of treaty with, 339;

United States minister to, 408

Great lakes, 325

Greeley, Horace, views on election of 1844, 320

Grimke, Thomas Smith, relation to nullification, 181

Grinnell, Moses H., member of Emigrant Aid Society, 409

Guadalupe Hidalgo, treaty of,

terms, 336;

ratified by Senate, 339

HALE, EDWARD EVERETT, member of Emigrant Aid Society, 409

Hale, John Parker,

moves amendment to Oregon Bill, 344;

effect of his action, 345;

contention as to fugitive slave law, 371;

presents petitions for repeal of fugitive slave law, 375;

nominated for presidency, 377;

popular vote compared with Van Buren's in 1848, 377

Hamilton, James,

the Calhoun letter, 221;

calls special meeting of legislature, 221;

chairman of nullification convention, 221;

sends ordinance of nullification to legislature, 224

Hamlet, James, arrest, 367

Hamlin, Hannibal, presents petition in Senate, 370

Hammond, James Hamilton,

motion not to receive abolition petitions, 255;

wrangle over his two motions, 256

Harrisburg, Penn., convention of 1824, 139

Harrison, William Henry,

voting, 73;

nominated for presidency, 286;

succeeded, on his death, by Tyler, 286

Harvey, James Madison, commands column of "Free-state" force, 445

Hayne, Robert Young,

theory on tariff, 114;

view of slave labor, 161;

view repeated by McDuffie, 177;

Calhoun and the Webster debate, 179;

criticism of Clay's resolution on tariff, 187, and amendment of it,

188;

on Bank committee of Senate, 201;

his inaugural as governor of South Carolina, 224

Hayti,

its affairs mentioned by Salazar, 151;

consideration of its example in the United States, 152;

isolated, 154

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, cited on human purpose, 243, 244

Heister, William, presents abolition petition, 253

Herrera, Jose Joaquin de,

refuses to receive Slidell, 328;

gives way to Paredes, 328

Hill, Isaac, in Bank trouble, 191

Hillards, the, in Crafts case, 368

Hillis Hajo, 32

Himallemico, 32

Holmes, John,

voting, 73;

presents Maine petition for admission, 77;

reports bill, 77;

speech on Missouri, 80, 81;

on conference committee, 88

Holy Alliance,

formation, 123;

relation to England, 124;

Congress of Verona, 124;

Canning's declaration to Polignac, 125;

the "Monroe Doctrine," 125-128;

relation to Spain's colonies, 153, 154

Holst, Hermann Edouard von,

opinions reviewed, 27;

opinion of Jackson's veto message considered, 206, 207

Holyoke, Massachusetts, residence of Branscomb, 413

Home Government [of England], as to baptism of slaves, 44

Hopkinson, Joseph, committee service, 3

House of Representatives, of the United States,

action on Madison's message, 3;

Clay, Speaker of, 6;

passage of Bank bill, 7, 8;

reference of tariff matters, 9;

debate on tariff, 10-12;

passage of tariff bill, 12;

debate on internal improvements, 13, 14;

pay of members, 16;

passage of internal improvements bill, 18;

second passage of internal improvements bill, 18;

vote on censure of Jackson, 35, 36;

representation in, 63;

petitions from Missouri, 66;

debate on the Tallmadge amendment, 66 _et seq._;

passage of Tallmadge amendment and Missouri bill, 73;

disagreement with Senate, 74;

petition from Maine referred, 75;

Maine bill passed by House, 75;

Missouri bill and Taylor's amendment, 78-80;

Holmes's speech, 80, 81;

McLane's speech, 81, 82;

Pinkney's speech on powers of Congress, 84-87;

disagreement with Senate, 88;

conference committee, 88-89;

significance of the compromise, 90-95;

Missouri constitution considered, 95, 96;

report of Lowndes, 96;

speech of Sergeant, 96, 97;

consideration of the question, 97, 98;

defeat of the Lowndes bill, 99;

tables Senate bill, 99;

Clay's proposals, 100;

report of committee of thirteen, 100, 101;

defeat of the bill and amendment, 101;

second conference committee, 101, 103;

plan to limit membership, 109;

reference of Monroe's recommendations, 110;

tariff bill of 1823, 110, 111;

tariff bill of 1824, 112;

Clay's argument, 112, 113;

replies to Clay, 113, 114;

conclusion in conference committee, 114, 115;

early votes on internal improvements, 117;

vote on internal improvements bill of 1822, 117, 118, 119, 120;

Monroe's letter on internal improvements, 120, 121;

vote on vetoed bill, 121;

Clay, Speaker of, 134;

election of President in, 140-142;

memorials on tariff, 158;

tariff bill passed, 159;

tariff bill reported, 160;

vote on tariff bill, 162;

vote on vetoed Maysville road bill, 168;

question as to reference of President's message, 172-174;

tariff bill before House, 174, 175;

McDuffie's argument, 175, 176, 177;

reference of President's message, 184, 185;

tariff bill before, 185, 186;

tariff bill passed, 186;

refusal to concur with Senate, 188;

conference committee, 188;

report on the Bank, 198;

relation of members of constituencies, 200;

reports on Bank, 202;

bill for re-charter passed, 202;

Jackson on duty of members, 206;

early control of presidential elections, 208;

action on President's message, 231, 232;

bill reported on President's powers, 235;

claim as to origin of tariff bills, 236;

passage of tariff bill and "Force Bill," 237;

abolition petitions in, 252;

report on petitions, 253;

more petitions referred, 253;

action on Dickson's motion, 254;

conflict over right of petition, 254 _et seq._;

adoption of the Pinckney resolutions, 261;

further work of Adams and Slade, 262;

rule of January 8, 1840, 263;

Gordon's amendment in, 285;

resolutions as to recognition of Texan independence, 296;

contingent action as to Texan independence, 299, 300;

effect of action, 300;

Wise's speech in, 302;

Tyler's message on Texan treaty, 309;

action on annexation of Texas, 321, 322;

action on admission of Texas, 322;

concurrence with Senate's action on Texas, 323;

McKay's bill, 335;

the Wilmot proviso, 335, 336;

Oregon bill in, 341;

action on Oregon bills, 343;

rejects Clayton bill, 347;

final agreement with Senate, 347;

action on erection of California and New Mexico, 349 _et seq._;

completion of compromise measures, 363, 364;

action on President's message, 369;

passage of finality resolutions, 375;

action on organization of Kansas and Nebraska, 381 _et seq._;

contest for seat in, 432;

appointment of committee of investigation for Kansas affairs, 433;

memorials from Kansas, 433;

bill for admission of Kansas, 442, 443;

action on Kansas, 470.

_See_ Congress of the United States

Houston, Samuel,

leader of Texans, 293;

Benton's description, 293, 294;

his early record, 294;

San Jacinto and the presidency of Texas, 294;

sends special envoy to Washington, 306;

promise of Murphy disavowed, 307;

changes vote, 347;

speech on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 393;

vote on Douglas's amendment, 393;

speech on the bill, 397;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Houston, S. D., withdraws from Kansas Territorial legislature, 421

Howard, William A., on committee for Kansas investigation, 433

Howe, John W., discussion with Giddings, 381, 382

Hudson Bay Company,

agents in Oregon, 314;

relation to policy of Great Britain, 314;

representations as to Oregon, 314, 315

Hunt, Memucan, proposes Texan annexation to Van Buren, 301

Hutchinson, William, in "Free-state" directory of Kansas, 443

IBERVILLE RIVER, the, 21, 22

Illinois, Commonwealth of,

slavery forbidden, 62, 63;

condition on erection, 68, 69, 71;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399;

as to Dred Scott case, 450

Independent treasury,

Van Buren's message of September 4, 1837, 284, 285;

Gordon's proposal, 285;

attitude of the parties, 285;

Act of July 4, 1840, 285;

party contest over the bill, 285, 286

Indian Springs, Convention at, 212

Indiana, Commonwealth of,

slavery forbidden, 62, 63;

condition on erection, 68, 69, 71;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Indiana, Territory of,

relation to slavery, 51;

jurisdiction over part of Louisiana Territory, 55

Ingersoll, Joseph R.,

claim as to District of Columbia, 257;

reports joint resolution on Texas, 321

Ingham, Samuel D.,

in debate, 10;

position upon tariff bill of 1827, 158;

as to Bank trouble, 191

Internal improvements,

bill presented, 14;

Calhoun's speech, 15, 16;

bill passed, 16;

President's veto, 17;

Madison's earlier recommendations, 17;

failure to overcome veto, 18;

development in theory, 116-119;

the Act of 1806, 116;

Calhoun's bill of 1817 vetoed by Madison, 116, 117;

analysis of vote, 117, 118;

Cumberland road bill of 1822, 118;

analysis of vote, 118, 119;

Taylor's position, 119;

attitude of East and West, 119, 120;

Monroe's veto, 120, and message, 120, 121;

vote on vetoed bill, 121;

Act of April, 1824, 122;

relation to foreign affairs, 122;

significance of the questions, 129;

Adams's first message, 155;

Van Buren's opposition, 155;

relation to political divisions, 156;

practical difficulties, 156, 157;

Jackson's views in 1829, 167;

passage of Maysville road bill, 167;

the veto, 167, 168;

vote on vetoed bill, 168;

analysis of vote, 168;

significance of veto, 169;

appropriations approved by Adams and Jackson, 169;

relation to private enterprise, 169, 170;

relation to slavery, 170;

Jackson's message of December, 1830, 178;

Jackson's message of December, 1831, 184

Iowa, Commonwealth of,

admitted, 290;

memorial of legislature on finality resolutions, 375;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

JACKSON, ANDREW,

in Florida, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33;

attempt at censure, 34, 35, 36;

vindicated, 36;

Territorial governor of Florida, 38;

effect of Seminole War, 38;

qualifications as presidential candidate in 1824, 135, 136, 139,

141;

electoral vote of 1824, 136, 137;

the Coleman letter, 138;

opposition to Adams threatened, 142, 143, and begun, 144, 146;

elected President, 163, 164;

makes Van Buren secretary of state, 164;

vigorous foreign policy, 164;

first annual message, 166, 167;

vetoes Maysville road bill, 167, 168;

significance of the veto, 169;

appropriations approved by Adams and Jackson, 169;

message of December, 1829, as to tariff, 171, 172;

its reference, 172;

message of December, 1830, 178;

message of December, 1831, 184;

message of December, 1829, 190;

later interpretations of his attack on Bank, 191, 192;

relation to "relief party" in Kentucky, 196;

leader of Democratic party, 196, 197;

attitude to Bank, 197, 198;

his views opposed by committees, 198;

message of December, 1830, 198, 199;

his message of December, 1831, 200;

puts the Bank question before the people, 200;

relation of Bank question to question of Jackson's election, 201;

effect of his veto of Bank bill, 202;

analysis of his message, 202-206;

opinion of von Holst on the veto message considered, 206, 207;

the message interpreted, 206-209;

relation of Congress to his election as President, 207;

the people accept the principles of Jacksonian democracy, 209;

opinion of Georgia's claims, 216;

reply to Cherokees, 216;

message of December, 1829, 216, 217;

different opinions of Indian titles, 217;

failure to execute decision of Supreme Court, 219, 220;

view on South Carolina's opinion of tariff, 220;

supposition as to Cabinet intrigue of 1819, 220;

the Forsyth letter, 220;

hostility of Jackson and Calhoun, 220, 221;

message of December, 1832, 228;

proclamation of December 10, 1832, 228-230;

active military preparations, 230, 231;

instructions to collectors, 230;

instructions to Scott, 230, 231;

popular approval of Jackson's course, 231;

attitude of Congress, 231;

Hayne's proclamation, 232;

Jackson's message of January, 1833, 232;

Bell's report on President's powers, 235;

signs Compromise Tariff, and "Force Bill," 238;

motive in course on nullification, 238;

significance of his doctrines, 239, 240;

as to responsibility for Jacksonian principles, 240;

message of 1835 as to use of mails, 272, 273;

decides to destroy the Bank, 279;

power of removal, 279;

removal of McLane and Duane, 280;

the work of Taney, 280;

consideration of the proper exercise of power, 280;

censured by Senate, 281;

Benton begins effort at removal of censure, 281;

his contest successful, 282;

tendency of government to his day, 282;

his successor, 284;

sends Morfit to Texas, 296;

message of December 21, 1836, on Texas, 298;

special message as to reprisals, 298;

authorizes Gaines to advance into Texas, 298;

orders Ellis to make demands on Mexico, 299;

satisfaction not given, 299;

special message of February 6, 1837, 299;

request for unusual powers not granted by Congress, 299;

recognizes Texas and her agent, 300;

ends diplomatic relations with Mexico, 301

Jackson, William, presents abolition petition, 255

Jackson, Zadock, repudiates sacking of Lawrence, 438

Jalapa, captured by Scott, 333

Jamestown, slaves introduced at, 40

Janus, gates open, 260

Jefferson, Thomas, 2, 3;

relation to French philosophy, 129;

share of Congress in his election as President, 207;

principles restated by Calhoun, 239;

tendency of government from his day, 282;

sends out Lewis and Clark, 312;

view as to extent of Louisiana, 312

Johnson, Robert Ward, position on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 393

Johnson, William, relation to nullification, 181

Johnson County, Kansas, contested election, 465

Johnston, Josiah S., on bank committee of Senate, 201

Jones, George Wallace, position on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 393

Jones, John W., reply to Adams on right of petition, 257

Jones, Samuel J.,

as sheriff, arrests Branson, 428;

rescue of Branson, 428;

goes to Franklin and calls help from Missouri, 428, 429;

his error recognized, 430;

serves writ on Wood, 433;

tries to arrest Tappan, 434;

attempt to assassinate, 434;

Donaldson's reference to the shooting, 436;

the sacking of Lawrence, 438

KANSAS CITY, MO., 316;

Branscomb and Robinson at, 413, 414

Kansas, Territory of,

bill for organization of, 389;

the abolition protest, 389, 390;

reply of Douglas, 390;

amendment of Chase, 391, 392;

position of Wade, 391;

amendment of Douglas, 392;

views of Everett, 392, 393;

speech of Houston, 393;

position of Bell and the committee, 393;

vote on the amendment, 393;

Chase's amendment, 394, 395;

Pratt's amendment, 394;

Walker's declaration and Badger's amendment, 395;

Chase's third amendment, 395, 396;

Douglas's amendment, 395, 396;

Chase's fourth amendment, 396;

speech of Bell against bill, 396, 397;

speech of Houston, 397;

final argument of Douglas, 397, 398;

vote on bill in Senate, 398;

analysis of vote, 398, 399;

rise of popular opposition, 399, 400;

the Richardson bill, 400;

the Senate bill in the House, 401;

position of Cushing, Davis, and Pierce, 401-403;

action in House, 403;

management of bill by Stephens, 404;

bill signed by President, 404;

analysis of vote, 404, 405;

meaning of the vote, 405, 406;

relation of Act to slavery, 407, 408;

the struggle for Kansas, 407 _et seq._;

the plan of Thayer and his associates, 409;

organization of the society, 409, 410;

opposition, 410;

incorporation of the society, 410, 411;

misrepresentations as to Emigrant Aid Company, 411;

considered as of the South, 412;

influence of Atchison, 412, 413;

expedition of Robinson and Branscomb, 413, 414;

"Platte County Self-defensive Association," 414, 415;

the founding of Lawrence, 415;

trouble over contesting claimants, 415, 416;

arrival of Governor Reeder, 416;

election of Whitfield, 417;

effect on Republican party of interference of Missourians in Kansas,

418;

significance of the seating of Whitfield, 418;

census of Kansas, 419;

interference of Missourians in election of first Territorial

legislature, 419, 420;

action on contested election cases, 420;

supplementary elections, 421;

first Territorial legislature, 421;

Robinson's plan for anti-slavery party, 421, 422;

legislature meets at Pawnee, 422;

pro-slavery members seated, 422, 423;

trouble over adjournment to Shawnee Mission, 423;

arrival of Sharpe's rifles, 423;

Lane's faction checked by Robinson's Lawrence speech, 423, 424;

Robinson's declaration as to slavery, 424;

Conway's letter to Reeder, 424;

beginning of the "Free-state" movement, 424;

legislation upon slavery, 424;

its effect on the North, 424, 425;

the Lawrence and Topeka conventions, 425;

the adoption of the Topeka constitution, 425;

removal of Governor Reeder, 425;

Woodson Acting-Governor, 425;

election of Reeder as Congressional delegate, 425;

election of Robinson as Governor, 425;

conflicts between "Free-state" and Territorial Governments, 426;

petition for admission and election of Senators by "Free-state"

party, 426, 427;

characterization of "Free-state" acts, 427;

Robinson's message to legislature, 427;

arrival of Governor Shannon, 427;

the Leavenworth convention, 428;

conflict between the two governments, 428;

the Branson rescue, 428, 429;

invasion of Missourians, 429;

Lawrence committee meet Governor Shannon, 429;

Shannon goes to Lawrence, 430;

agreement of Shannon with citizens of Lawrence, 430;

Lane, Robinson, and Shannon at Franklin, 430;

Atchison and the withdrawal of the Missourians, 430, 431;

appearance of John Brown, 431;

Shannon's report to President, 431;

appeal of leaders at Lawrence, 431;

the President's proclamation, 432;

attitude of "Free-state" party to proclamation, 432;

difficulty of the situation, 432, 433;

organization under Topeka constitution, 432;

contest for seat in House of Representatives, 432, 433;

House appoints committee of investigation, 433;

application for admission under Topeka constitution, 433;

work of Jones and attempt to assassinate him, 433, 434;

the assault repudiated by the "Free-state" party, 434;

letters of Robinson and Sumner, 434;

Lecompte's charge to grand jury, 435;

the "treason indictments," 435;

Donaldson's proclamation, 435, 436;

dealings of citizens of Lawrence with Shannon and Donaldson, 436,

437;

the sacking of Lawrence, 438;

repudiation by Atchison and others, 438;

the "Crime against Kansas," 439;

the attack on Sumner, 439, 440;

the Pottawattomie massacres, 440;

attitude of the Congressional committee, 440;

characterization of the massacre, 441;

denunciation by settlers, 441;

Brown and Pate at Black Jack, 441;

Shannon's proclamation and the work of the troops, 442;

effect of massacre on "Free-state" cause, 442, 443;

committee report and bill in House, 442, 443;

dispersal of legislature at Topeka, 443;

Smith succeeds Sumner, 443;

the Lawrence convention and the directory, 443;

"Free-state" military force organized and in conflict, 444;

capture of Titus, 444;

treaty of August 17, at Lawrence, 444;

resignation of Shannon, 444;

Woodson again Acting-Governor, 444;

proclamation of August 25, 444;

Missourians under Atchison in camp on Bull Creek, 445;

destruction of Ossawattomie, 445;

Smith's orders as to invaders, 445;

Lane leads in skirmish at Bull Creek, 445;

Woodson's order and Cooke's refusal to attack Topeka, 445;

failure of plan to attack Lecompton, 445, 446;

active steps by President, 446;

actions of Geary, 446;

retirement of the Missourians, 446, 447;

resignation of Geary, 446;

effect of events on presidential election, 447;

Buchanan's inaugural address, 447, 448;

plan for convention at Lecompton, 461;

Walker and Stanton in charge, 461;

negotiations of Stanton with "Free-state" men, 461, 462;

address by Walker, 462;

the party situation, 462;

the "Free-state" legislature, 462;

the "Free-state" mass-meeting, 463;

chances of the Topeka constitution, 463;

Robinson's plan to capture Territorial government, 463;

Wilson's advice, 463;

the Topeka mass-meeting, 464;

the Grasshopper Falls convention, 464;

census completed, 464;

Lecompton convention assembles, 464;

the election of October 5, 465;

contests in McGee and Johnson counties, 465;

Lane's conspiracy and its failure, 465, 466;

mass-meeting and convention at Lecompton, 465, 466;

the Lecompton constitution, 466;

"Free-state" demands on Stanton, 466, 467;

constitution to be submitted in full, 467;

Stanton removed, 467;

Denver appointed Acting-Governor, 467;

Lecompton Constitution accepted in election of December 21, 467;

Lecompton Constitution rejected in election of January 4, 1858, 468;

"Free-state" men in control of three Governments in Kansas, 468;

Denver's report to the President, 468, 469;

President submits Lecompton constitution to Congress, 469;

attitude of Douglas, 469, 470;

Lecompton bill passed by Senate and rejected by House, 470;

the House proposal rejected, 470;

the English bill, 470, 471;

the proposals rejected in Kansas, 471;

a fourth government erected, 471;

close of the struggle, 471;

characterization of the leaders, 471, 472;

attitude of the general government, of Davis, and of Sumner, 472,

473;

Act of 1854 the beginning of error, Missourians the beginners of

wrong, 473;

characterization of John Brown's work, 473, 474;

relation of events in Kansas to Civil War, 473, 474.

_See_ Nebraska, Territory of

Kansas-Nebraska bill, 343, 456 (_see_ Kansas, Territory of; and

Nebraska, Territory of);

effect of the Dred Scott dictum, 460

Kansas river, 66, 414

Kearny, Philip,

ordered to occupy New Mexico, 331;

orders to Doniphan, 332;

occupies California, 332

Kelly, ----, Editor of _Squatter Sovereign_, 411

Kendall, Amos, instructions to New York postmaster, 271, 272

Kentucky,

created Commonwealth with slavery, 50, 62, 63;

attitude to tariff of 1824, 115;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 118;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822, 119;

legislature nominates Clay for presidency, 136;

attitude toward tariff bill of 1827, 158;

relation to tariff of 1832, 188;

relief measures for debtors, 195, 196;

electoral vote in 1844, 320;

views as to slave policy, 378;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Kickapoo Rangers,

organized, 426;

capture Captain Brown, 426

King, Rufus, voting, 74

King, William Rufus,

states his creed on State sovereignty, 269, 270;

on Committee of Thirteen, 360

Kinsey, Charles, on conference committee, 88

Know Nothing party, 418

Kremer, George, charge against Adams and Clay, 141

LACOCK, ABNER, voting, 74

Lake of the Woods, 312, 313

Lane, James S.,

effort to organize Democratic party in Kansas, 423;

elected Senator by "Free-state" party, 426;

negotiations with Shannon, 430;

at Franklin, 430;

indictment against, 435;

as to service of indictment, 435;

in command of "Free-state" force, 435;

failure to arrive at Lecompton for attack, 445, 446;

result of his prevarications, 463;

conspiracy against Lecompton convention, 465;

thwarted, 465, 466

Lawrence, Amos Adams,

member of Emigrant Aid Society, 409;

his work, 411;

conference with Robinson, 413;

town named in honor of, 415

Lawrence, Kansas,

site occupied, 411;

town founded, 415;

quarrels as to claims, 415, 416;

Robinson's speech of July 4, 1855, 423;

convention at, 425;

the Branson rescue, 428;

Missourians approach, 429;

committee sent to Shannon, 429;

Shannon goes to, 430;

agreement of citizens with Governor Shannon, 430;

appearance of John Brown, 431;

appeal of citizens to President, 431;

Jones serves writ on Wood, 433;

trouble with Tappan, 434;

attempt to assassinate Jones, 434;

communications of Robinson and Sumner as to assault on Jones, 434;

indictment against hotel and newspapers in, 435;

Donaldson's proclamation, 435, 436;

dealings of citizens with Shannon and Donaldson, 436, 437;

Donaldson's force approaches the town, 437;

sacking of the town, 438;

repudiation of the deed, 438;

effect of the sacking and of assault on Sumner, 440;

effect of sacking modified by Pottawattomie massacre, 442;

"Free-state" convention at, 443;

treaty of August 17, 444;

Geary at, 446;

Stanton at, 461;

Wilson meets Robinson at, 463;

"Free-state" forces ordered to meet at, 465

Leavenworth, Kansas,

"Free-state" company organized at, 426;

convention at, 428

Lecompte, S. D., charge to grand jury of Douglas County, 435

Lecompton, Kansas,

the Branson rescue, 428;

citizens summoned to, by Donaldson, 435;

conflict at Fort Titus, 444;

failure of plan to attack Lecompton, 445, 446;

Geary at, 446;

plan for convention at, 461;

as to work of convention, 463;

convention assembles at, 464;

Lane's conspiracy against convention at, 465;

"Free-state" mass-meeting at, 465, 466;

constitution formed at, 466;

legislature meets at, 467.

_See_ Kansas

Lewis, Meriwether,

sent out by Jefferson, 312;

on the Columbia, 312

Lewis, William B., 33;

the Coleman letter, 138

Lexington, Kentucky, 167

_Liberator, The_, publication begun, 251

Liberties, Body of, 41

Lincoln, Abraham, intimation as to official conduct of Taney, 456

Loki, the, of Kansas, appears, 431

London, 26, 33

London, Bishop of, as to baptism of slaves, 44

Loring, Charles Greeley, in Sims case, 372

Lorings, the, in Crafts case, 368

Louisiana, Commonwealth of,

erected, 56;

slavery in, 56, 62, 63, 65;

condition on erection, 69, 71;

relation to tariff of 1832, 188;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Louisiana territory, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 37;

added to public domain, 51;

slavery in, 54, 55, 56, 57;

owned by France and Spain, 54;

ceded to United States, 55;

divided, 55;

early ownership and division, 65;

condition on cession to United States, 72;

motion of Thomas as to slavery, 84;

motion renewed, 87;

carried, 88;

conference report, 88;

relation to Missouri bill, 92, 93;

ceded to France, and to United States, 312;

as to inclusion of Oregon, 312;

cession of 1803, 318;

effect of acquisition, 366;

act of 1820, 382;

as to the Douglas report on Nebraska, 384;

as to repeal of Acts of 1820, 391;

as to Dred Scott case, 450, 452

Louisiana, Territory of,

organized, 56;

name changed, 56.

_See_ Missouri, Territory of

Lovejoy, Owen, killed, 250

Lowell, John, member of Emigrant Aid Society, 409

Lowell, Massachusetts, meetings on fugitive slave law, 368

Lower California, 337

Lowndes, William,

committee service, 9;

on conference committee, 88;

reports bill on Missouri, 95, 96;

bill defeated, 99;

relation of family to nullification, 181

Lundy, Benjamin, instigates abolition petition, 252

MCCULLOCH _vs._ Maryland [4 Wheaton, 316], 205

McDuffie, George,

opinion on slave labor, 161;

chairman ways and means committee, 172;

relation to Dr. Cooper, 173;

contention as to origin of tariff bills, 173, 174;

reports a tariff bill, 174;

its terms and disposal, 174;

forms economic basis of nullification, 175, 176, 177;

opposition to tariff, 177;

amendment lost, 177;

as to bill of 1832, 185;

tariff bills in House, 186;

attitude to the Bank, 198;

makes minority report in support of Bank, 202

McGee County, Kansas, contested election, 465

McGregor, Gregor, 30

McHenry, Jerry, rescue of, 373, 374

McKay, James J., introduces bill, 335

McLane, Louis,

speech on Missouri, 81, 82;

removed from head of Treasury Department, 280

McLean, John, voting, 73

Macon, Nathaniel,

committee service, 3;

position on Maine-Missouri bill, 83

Madison, James,

his message of 1815, 2, 3;

vetoes internal improvements bill, 17;

earlier recommendations, 17;

relation to Republican party, 17;

relation to War of 1812, 17;

as to relation between slavery and protection, 109;

vetoes bill, 1817, for internal improvements, 116, 117;

his views, 117

Mail, United States,

effect of presence of abolition literature, 251;

use by abolitionists, 270 _et seq._;

Charleston, South Carolina, post-office robbed, 271;

request of Charleston postmaster to New York postmaster, 271;

refusal to receive abolitionist documents in New York post-office,

271;

Kendall's instructions to the postmasters, 271, 272;

the question in Jackson's message, 272, 273;

Calhoun's report and bill, 273, 274;

criticism by Clay, 274;

defeat of the bill, 274;

Act of July 2, 1836, 274;

significance of the contest, 274-277

Maine, Commonwealth of,

constitution formed, 76;

petition for admission, 77;

bill introduced and passed by House, 77;

bill in Senate, 82;

connection with Missouri bill, 82, 83, 87;

amended bill passed in Senate, 88;

House disagrees, 88;

conference committee report, 88, 89;

bill approved by president, 89;

significance of the controversy, 88, 90 _et seq._;

attitude to tariff of 1824, 114;

attitude toward tariff of 1824, 115;

attitude toward tariff bill of 1827, 158;

in election of 1828, 164;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Mallary, Daniel,

reports tariff bill of 1827, 158;

opposes bill of 1828 as reported, 160, 161

Mangum, Willie Person,

motion as to Clay's and Bell's resolutions, 360;

on Committee of Thirteen, 360

Mann, Abijah, Jr., motion in House, 258

Mann, Horace, opposition to fugitive slave law, 373

Martin, Luther, letter to Maryland legislature, 49, 50

Maryland, Commonwealth of, 9;

legislation on slavery, 48;

Martin's letter to legislature, 49, 50;

laws of, in District of Columbia, 51;

domestic slave trade, 57, 58;

relation to Cumberland road, 116;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 118;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822, 119, 120;

in election of 1828, 163, 164;

tax on Bank of the United States, 194;

decision on the tax, 195;

relation to slavery in District of Columbia, 253;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Mason, James Murray,

reads Calhoun's speech, 358;

on Committee of Thirteen, 360

Mason, Jeremiah, in Bank trouble, 191

Mason, John Young,

calls yeas and nays, 253;

yields to Adams, 253;

the Ostend manifesto, 408

Mason, Jonathan, voting, 73

Mason and Dixon's Line, 163

Massachusetts, Commonwealth of, 13;

slavery recognized, 41;

slave laws, 46;

substantial abolition of slavery, 48;

separation of Maine, 76 _et seq._;

as a type, 86;

as to citizenship law, 99;

attitude to tariff bill of 1823, 111;

and to that of 1824, 114;

attitude toward tariff of 1824, 115;

attitude toward tariff bill of 1827, 158;

abolition petition in House, 255;

laws on jails, 370;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399;

legislature grants charter to Thayer's society, 409

Matamoras,

concentration of Mexican troops at, 328;

approach of Taylor, 329;

occupied by Taylor, 331

Maurepas, Lake, 21, 23

May, Samuel Joseph, the "Jerry rescue," 374

Maysville road bill,

passed, 167;

vetoed, 167, 168;

vote on vetoed bill, 168;

analysis of vote, 168

Mellen, Prentiss, position on Maine-Missouri bill, 83

Mexico,

as to Congress of Verona, 124;

treaty of 1825 with Colombia, 147;

revolts from Spain, 291;

the Austin grant, 291;

establishment of federal government, 291;

Bustamente's decree on immigration, 291;

refuses to sell any Texan territory, 292;

overthrow of federal government, 292;

possibility of complications with, 296;

minister leaves Washington, 298, 299;

demand by Ellis, 299;

full satisfaction refused, 299;

impossibility of regaining Texas, 300;

diplomatic relations with United States resumed, 301;

the claims commission, 301, 302;

Great Britain as mediator between Mexico and Texas, 304;

threatens war on United States, 305;

claims Texans are still rebels, 305;

Benton's criticism of the Texas treaty, 308;

relation of war to election of Polk, 320;

threatens war, 320;

Tyler's message of 1844, 320, 321;

makes annexation of Mexico a casus belli, 327;

envoy leaves Washington, 327;

Slidell's mission, 327, 328;

governments of Herrera and Paredes, 328;

gathering of forces at Matamoras, 328;

position of Mexico with reference to Texan boundary, 328;

war with United States, 329-334;

title between Nueces and Rio Grande, 330, 331;

persistence of the Government, 332;

Santa Anna again in control, 332;

Polk's message of August 6, 1846, 334, 335;

McKay's bill and the Wilmot proviso, 335-337;

Polk's message of December, 1846, 335;

the First embassy, 337;

rejection of proposals, 337;

the Mexican offer, 337;

war resumed, 337, 338;

treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 338;

result of treaty with, 339;

proposal as to Mexican acquisitions, 341, 342, 349, 350;

views of Berrien and Webster as to slavery in Mexican acquisitions,

351, 352;

Foote's bill, 354;

problem of Texan boundary, 354, 355;

Clay's plan, 356;

opposition of Southerners, 356;

attitude of abolitionists, 357;

relation of Mexican acquisition to slavery, 408

Mexico, City of, captured, 338

Mexico, Gulf of, 20, 21, 297, 307, 337, 363

Michigan, Commonwealth of, 290;

electoral vote in 1844, 320;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399;

early Republican party in, 418

Mississippi, Commonwealth of,

created with slavery, 62, 63;

legislature calls Nashville convention, 375;

convention in, 375;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Mississippi River, the, 21, 22, 38, 66, 78, 290, 381

Missouri, Commonwealth of, 33;

creation, 61-107;

significance of the circumstance, 65;

petition for erection, 66;

memorial for erection, 66;

the Tallmadge amendment, 66-73;

bill for erection passed by House, 73;

bill passes Senate without Tallmadge amendment, 74;

disagreement, 74;

question again presented, 74, 75;

Taylor's plan, 75, 76, 78;

Storrs's plan, 78;

Taylor's motion and argument on it, 78 _et seq._;

Holmes's speech, 80, 81;

McLane's speech, 81, 82;

memorial for admission referred, 82;

connection with Maine bill, 82, 83, 87;

argument of Pinkney, 84-86;

motion of Thomas, 84, 87, 88;

amended bill carried in Senate, 88;

House disagrees, 88;

agreement of conference committee, 88, 89;

report accepted, 89;

bill signed by President, 89;

consideration of the results, 90-95;

proposed constitution before Congress, 95;

the Lowndes bill, 95, 96;

opposition of Sergeant, 96, 97;

consideration of the situation, 97, 98, 99;

defeat of Lowndes bill, 99;

Smith bill passes Senate, 99;

tabled by House, 99;

efforts of Eustis, 100;

Clay's plan, 100;

report of Committee of Thirteen, 100, 101;

plan defeated, 101;

opposition of Tomlinson, 101;

conference committee and its report, 101, 102;

report attached, 102;

resolution passed, 102, 103;

effects of the compromise, 103-107;

decision brings slavery into national politics, 108;

attitude toward tariff of 1824, 115;

attitude toward tariff bill of 1827, 158;

relation to tariff of 1832, 188;

admitted as Commonwealth, 289;

line of compromise in Burt's amendment, 341, and in Douglas's

amendment, 347;

the compromise in connection with the Oregon bill, 348;

views as to slavery policy, 378;

bill to organize territory west of, 381;

Atchison's objection to such organization, 382;

Dixon and the repeal of the Compromise, 387, 388;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399;

misrepresentations as to Emigrant Aid Company, 411;

the "border ruffians," 411, 412;

attitude to slavery in Kansas, 412;

influence of Atchison, 412, 413;

"Platte County Self-defensive Association," 414, 415;

claimants to site of Lawrence, Kansas, 415, 416;

interference in election of Whitfield in Kansas, 416, 417;

relation of Missouri Compromise and Republican party, 417, 418;

effect on Republican party of Missourian interference in Kansas,

418;

organization in "Blue Lodges," 419;

interference in Kansas Territorial election, 419, 420;

Kansas legislature at Shawnee Mission, 423;

Robinson's declaration as to slavery in, 424;

Missourians summoned by Sheriff Jones, 429;

Missourians on the Wakarusa, 429;

attitude of Shannon toward Missourians, 430;

influenced by Atchison to withdraw, 430, 431;

claims of intended invasion, 431, 432;

preparation for further invasion, 435, 436;

volunteers under Pate, 441;

dispersal of volunteers under Whitfield in Kansas, 441, 442;

import of Woodson's accession to power, 444;

Missourians on Bull Creek and at Ossawattomie, 445;

new invasion of Kansas, 446;

forced to retire by United States troops, 446, 447;

as to Dred Scott case, 450-452;

decision of Supreme Court of Missouri, 451;

the Missourians the beginners of wrong, 473

Missouri, Territory of,

organized, 56;

slavery in, 56, 65

Missouri River, the, 66, 414

Mitchell, David B., 28, 29

Mobile, cession of river and port of, 21

Mohawk and Hudson railroad, begun, 169

Molino del Rey, battle of, 338

Monroe, James,

relation to Jackson, 31, 34, 35;

as to relation between protection and slavery, 110;

messages of 1821 and 1822, 110;

message of 1823, 111;

veto of 1822, 120;

message on internal improvements, 120, 121, 156;

message of December, 1823, 125-128;

electoral vote of 1820, 129;

interpretation of message of 1823 by Spanish-Americans, 146, 147,

149;

cabinet intrigue against Jackson, 220

"Monroe Doctrine," the, 125-128, 146

Monterey,

captured by Taylor, 331, 332;

Doniphan sent to, 332

Monterey, California, convention at, 343

Moors, 45

Morfit, Henry M.,

agent to Texas, 296;

report to Forsyth, 296, 297

Murphy, W. S.,

letter from Upshur, 304;

assurance to Texas of protection, 306;

promise to Houston disavowed, 307

NAPOLEON. _See_ Bonaparte

Napoleonic decrees, 54

Nashville convention, 375

National Assembly of France, 54

_National Era_, the,

protest against Kansas-Nebraska bill, 389;

effect of the address, 400

_National Intelligencer_, letter of Clay, 319, 320

National Republican party,

the origin, 104;

circumstance of appearance, 146;

party nomenclature, 162, 163;

insists on taking the Bank as a campaign issue, 200, 201;

nominates Clay for presidency, 201;

feeling toward Jackson, 202;

its defeat in 1832, 202;

basis of party action, 278, 279;

known as Whig party, 281, 282. _See_ Whig Party

Navy of the United States, legislation upon, 13, 14

Nebraska, Territory of,

bill for organization passed by House, 381;

the Howe-Giddings colloquy, 381, 382;

speech of Atchison, 382;

bill introduced by Dodge, 382;

bill and report by Douglas, 382, 383;

consideration of the report and its author, 383-387;

dictum of the committee, 387;

Dixon's proposal, 387;

Seward and Dixon, 387, 388;

new bill presented by Douglas, 389;

abolition protest in _National Era_, 389;

reply of Douglas, 390;

amendment of Chase, 391;

position of Wade, 391;

amendment of Douglas, 392;

views of Everett, 392, 393;

Houston's speech, 393;

position of Bell and committee, 393;

vote on amendment, 393;

Chase's amendment, 394, 395;

contention of Badger and Pratt, 394;

declaration of Walker and Badger's amendment, 395;

Chase's third amendment, 395, 396;

Douglas's amendment, 395, 396;

Chase's fourth amendment, 396;

speech of Bell against bill, 396, 397;

speech of Houston, 397;

final argument of Douglas, 397, 398;

vote in Senate on bill, 398;

analysis of vote, 398, 399;

rise of popular opposition, 399, 400;

the Richardson bill, 400;

Senate bill in House, 400;

position of Cushing, Davis, and Pierce, 401-403;

actions in House, 403;

management of bill by Stephens, 404;

bill signed by President, 404;

analysis of vote, 404, 405;

meaning of the vote, 405, 406;

relation of Act to slavery, 407, 408;

considered as of North, 412;

immigrants to Kansas through, 445;

the Act of 1854 the beginning of error, 473

Negro Fort, 28, 29

Negro labor, adapted to the South, 42

Negro slavery. _See_ Slavery

Nelson, Samuel, position on Dred Scott case, 452

Nelson, John, Secretary of State,

disavows Murphy's promise to Houston, 307;

relation to Texas question, 307

New England, 7, 59;

opposed to internal improvements bill of 1817, 117;

attitude to improvements bill of 1822, 119;

attitude upon Maysville road bill, 168;

votes as to Pinckney resolution, 263

New England Anti-Slavery Society, formed, 251

New Hampshire, Commonwealth of,

legislation on slavery, 48;

attitude toward tariff of 1824, 115;

in election of 1824, 142;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

New Jersey, Commonwealth of,

legislation on slavery, 48;

attitude on Maysville road bill, 168;

legislative memorial on finality resolutions, 375;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

New Mexico,

Kearny ordered to occupy, 331;

importance of Buena Vista, 333;

about to be transferred, 334;

acquisition in view, 337;

in negotiations, 337;

treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 338;

Polk's message of July 6, 1848, 345, 346;

motions of Bright and Clayton, 346;

the Clayton bill, 346, 347;

Polk's message of December, 1848, 348;

Douglas's bill, 349;

Smith's bill, 349;

Berrien's report, 349, 350;

new bill by Douglas, 350;

motion of Walker, 350, 351;

failure of Congress to act, 352;

Taylor's message of December 4, 1849, 354;

Foote's bill, 354, as to question of Texan frontier, 355, Clay's

plan, 355, 356;

Webster's Seventh of March Speech, 359;

Bell's propositions, 359, 360;

report from committee on Territories, 360;

Committee of Thirteen, 360;

Clay's report, 360, 361;

encroachments of Bell, 362, 363;

passage of bill for territorial organization, 363, 364;

as to the Douglas report on Nebraska, 384;

Chase on Act of 1850, 391

New York, Commonwealth of,

legislation on slavery, 48;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 118;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822, 119;

in election of 1824, 137;

in election of 1828, 164;

attitude on Maysville road bill, 168;

electoral vote in 1844, 320;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

New York Central Railroad, system begun, 169

New York City,

attitude to tariff bill of 1823, 111;

and to that of 1824, 114;

attitude to tariff of 1824, 115;

attitude toward tariff bill of 1827, 158;

postmaster refuses to receive abolitionist documents, 271;

the instructions from Kendall, 271, 272;

arrest of Hamlet, 367;

meetings on fugitive slave law, 367;

publication of protest against Kansas-Nebraska Act, 389

New York _Courier and Enquirer_, applies name to Whig Party, 282

Nicholls, Edward, 25, 26, 27, 28

Nicholls Fort, 27, 28

Nicholson, A. O. P., letter from Cass, 345

Niles, John Milton, presents memorial on Texas, 295

Nootka Convention, 311

North Carolina, Commonwealth of,

conditional cession of western lands, 50, 56;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 117, 118;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822, 119;

stock held in United States Bank, 203;

electoral vote in 1844, 320;

vacancy in Senate delegation, 398;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Northwest, the,

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 118;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822, 119

Nueces, River, 300, 316, 329, 330, 337, 361

Nullification,

origin, 169;

economic basis, 175, 176, 177;

attitude of South Carolina, 176;

threatened by McDuffie, 177;

Calhoun's publications, 179, and argument, 180, 181;

parties in South Carolina, 181, 182;

nullification or rebellion, 183, 184;

Calhoun's theory, 189;

in Georgia and South Carolina, 210;

the South Carolina convention, 221;

the Ordinance of Nullification, 222, 223;

Ordinance sent to the legislature, 224;

Hayne's attitude, 224;

acts for enforcement of Ordinance, 224-226;

views on the position of South Carolina, 226-228;

South Carolina in Jackson's message of 1832, 228;

Jackson's proclamation of December 10, 1832, 228-230;

Jackson's message of January, 1833, 232;

execution of Ordinance postponed, 235;

character of nullification defined by Webster, 237;

Ordinance of Nullification withdrawn, 238;

motive of leaders in affairs of nullification, 238;

nullification as represented by Amos Kendall, 272

OBREGON, PABLO, negotiations as to Panama Congress, 147, 148, 149

Ohio, Commonwealth of,

slavery forbidden, 62, 63;

condition on erection, 68, 69, 71;

appropriation of enabling act, 116;

tax on Bank of United States, 194;

the result, 195;

memorial on Texas, 296;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Ohio River, the, 48, 62, 63, 167

Oliver, Mordecai,

on committee for Kansas investigation, 433;

investigates Pottawattomie massacre, 440

Onis, Luis de, 37, 38

Orders in Council, British, 54

Ordinance of 1787,

passed, 48;

authority of the Congress, 49;

restriction on slavery, 69;

in Douglas's bill, 341;

in the Smith bills, 349

Oregon,

its "re-occupation" in the Democratic platform, 309;

points in the question, 310;

Oregon of the last century, 311;

Spanish and English claims, 311;

the Nootka Convention, 311, 312;

effect of war between Spain and Great Britain, 312;

ceded to France and to United States, 312;

work of Lewis and Clark, 312;

treaty of Utrecht, 312;

Astoria founded, 312, 313;

joint occupation agreement, 313;

agreement of 1828, 314;

effect of Whitman's work, 316;

in platform of 1844, 318;

effect of election of 1844, 320;

Tyler's message of 1844, 321;

Polk's first message, 324;

his recommendations, 324;

the question before Congress, 324;

the action of Congress, 324, 325;

treaty of June, 1846, 326;

bill reported by, 340, 341;

Thompson's amendment, 341;

the Douglas bill, 341;

defeat of Burt's amendment, 341;

Wick's proposal, 341, 342;

speech by Rhett, 342, 343;

end of the second bill, 343;

new bill by Douglas, 343;

special message of Polk, 344;

Hall's amendment, 344;

views of Calhoun and Davis, 344;

Davis moves amendment, 344;

effect of Davis and Hale on action of Senate, 345;

motions of Bright and Clayton, 346;

the Clayton bill, 346, 347;

the final settlement, 347;

bill approved, 348

Orleans, Territory of,

organized, 55;

slavery in, 55;

erected into Commonwealth, 56

Osceola,

begins hostilities, 290;

defeated, 290

Ossawattomie, Kansas,

destroyed by Missourians, 445;

effect of the attack, 445

Ostend, the manifesto from, 408

Otis, Harrison Gray,

voting, 74;

position on Maine-Missouri bill, 83

Oxford University, Professor Senior of, 186

PACIFIC OCEAN, claims in the north of various nations, 123, 311, 324,

325, 326, 341, 358, 375, 379, 381

Palo Alto, battle of, 330

Panama Congress,

early negotiations, 147, 148, 149;

commissioners of United States named, 149, 150;

popular views of the movement, 150;

analysis of vote in Senate, 150, 151;

relation of vote to slavery, 151;

nature of opposition, 153;

adjournment of the congress, 153, 154;

discussion of the results, 154, 155;

effect of question on Republican party, 155

Paredes y Arrillago, Mariano,

leader of military party, 328;

overthrows Herrera, 328;

refuses to receive Slidell, 328

Paris, treaty of. _See_ Treaty

Parker, Severn E., on Conference Committee, 88

Parker, William, opposition to fugitive slave law, 373

Parkers, the, in Crafts case, 368

Parma, Duke of, 23

Parrot, John T., voting, 73

_Partus sequitur ventrem_, 43, 44, 45

Pate, H. C.,

captured at Black Jack by Brown, 441;

rescued by Sumner, 442

Patton, John M.,

speaks in House, 259;

conclusion from his position, 259

Pawnee, Kansas, legislature meets at, 422

Pearce, James Alfred,

introduces bill on Texan boundary, 363;

not voting on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 398, 399

Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of, 3;

provision for gradual emancipation, 48, 62, 63;

attitude to tariff bill of 1823, 111;

relation to Cumberland Road, 116;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 118;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822, 119;

conventions nominate Jackson for presidency, 136;

in election of 1824, 137, 138, 139;

attitude toward tariff bill of 1827, 158;

in election of 1828, 162, 164;

attitude on Maysville road bill, 168;

petitions for abolition, 252, 253;

memorial on Texas, 296;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Pennsylvania railroad, system begun, 169

Pensacola, 24, 25, 32

Perdido River, the, 21, 22, 23, 25

Perote, captured by Scott, 333

Peru, treaty of 1823 with Columbia, 147

Petition, Right of,

early action on abolition petitions, 253;

the Chinn-Dickson controversy, 254;

Slade's motion, 254;

Polk's ruling, 255;

Jackson's petition and Hammond's motion, 255;

relation of the Constitution to the right of petition, 255, 256;

customary procedure before 1834, 256;

wrangle over Hammond's two motions, 256;

the final arrangement, 256;

Adams's appeal for right of petition, 257;

reply by Jones, 257;

Granger's and Ingersoll's claim as to District of Columbia, 257;

demand of Wise, 257, 258;

Slade's declaration of war on slavery, 258;

Garland's argument, 258;

disposal of the question, 258;

revived by Adams, 258, 259;

ruling of Speaker, 259;

Southern members take advanced ground, 259, 260;

effort of Adams at peace, 260;

decision on the fifty-fourth rule, 260;

the contest precipitated, 260;

Pinckney resolutions quoted, 261;

the new rule of procedure, 261, 262;

affair of February 6, 1837, 262;

rule as to petition by slaves, quoted, 262;

further attempt at agitation by Slade, 262;

increase of petitions, 263;

the standing rule of 1840, quoted, 263;

effect of this step, 263, 264;

disposal of the question by the Senate, 264, 265;

the Vermont petition, 265-269;

position of Calhoun, 270;

disposal by Swift's motion, 270;

significance of the contest, 274-277;

result of the struggle, 296

Petigru, James L., relation to nullification, 181

Phelps, Samuel Shethar, on Committee of Thirteen, 360

Philadelphia, Pa., constitutional convention at, 49

Phillips, Wendell, opposes fugitive slave law, 373

Philosophy of the eighteenth century, 47

Philosophy of 1776, 52

Pickering, Timothy, committee service, 3

Pierce, Franklin,

nominated for presidency, 376;

elected, 377;

relation to Kansas-Nebraska bill, 401, 403;

views of historians stated and considered, 401, 402;

signs Kansas-Nebraska bill, 404;

views on emigration to Territories, 410;

appoints Shannon Governor of Kansas Territory, 427;

Shannon's report to, 431;

appeal from "Free-state" party in Kansas, 431;

proclamation as to Kansas, 432;

disapproves Col. Sumner's course, 443;

takes active steps as to Kansas, 446

Pinckney, Henry Laurens,

reports resolution on control of slavery, 261;

resolution re-enacted, 262

Pinkney, William,

argument on powers of Congress, 84-86;

argument restated, 86, 87;

effect of his argument, 87;

on conference committee, 88

"Platte County Self-defensive Association," formed, 414, 415

Pleasants, James, committee service, 3

Poinsett, Joel Roberts, effort with reference to "Monroe Doctrine,"

128

Point Isabel, base of supplies, 329

Polignac, Jules Auguste Armand Marie de, declaration of Canning, 125

Political philosophy, French, 129, 139, 193

Polk, James Knox,

ruling as Speaker, 255;

quoted, 256;

confused rulings, 256;

further ruling on procedure as to petitions, 259;

conclusion from his position, 259;

decision on fifty-fourth rule, 260;

nominated for presidency, 309;

attitude of abolitionists, 320;

elected President, 320;

first annual message, 324;

his recommendations, 324;

the question before Congress, 325;

the action of Congress, 325, 326;

Polk's dealings with the Senate, 326;

treaty of June, 1846, 326;

overtures to Mexico, 327;

the Slidell mission, 327, 328;

duty as to Texan boundary, 329;

orders to General Taylor, 329;

message on Mexican War, 330;

authorized to call for volunteers, 331;

orders to Kearny, Sloat, Stockton, and Taylor, 331;

message of August 6, 1846, 334;

McKay's bill, 335;

Wilmot's amendment, 335;

Polk's message of December, 1846, 335;

empowered tacitly to secure California and New Mexico, 337;

the treaty offered through Trist, 337;

rejected by Mexico, 337;

recalls Trist, 338;

message to Congress, 338;

treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 338;

sends treaty to Senate, 339;

special message on Oregon, 344;

message on California and New Mexico, 345, 346;

approves Oregon bill, 348;

message on California and New Mexico, 348;

effect of message on California, 352, 353

Pomeroy, S. C., at Lawrence, 415

Pontchartrain, Lake, 21, 23

Porto Rico, in Spanish-American troubles, 152, 153, 154

Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 191

Portugal, Clay's attitude to its colonies, 135

Pottawattomie Creek,

massacre on, 440;

the massacre characterized, 441;

and denounced by the settlers, 441;

effect of massacre, 442;

end of fighting occasioned by massacre, 447

Potter, James, owner of Sims, 372

Pratt, Thomas George, contention as to amendment of Chase's amendment,

394, 395

Prigg _vs._ Pennsylvania [16 Peters, 539], 363

Protection,

as regarded between 1815 and 1820, 109;

as voiced by the House in 1822, 110;

Monroe's messages of 1821 and 1822, 110;

bill of 1823, 111;

Monroe's message of 1823, 111;

bill of 1824, 112.

_See_ Tariff

Prussia, King of, as arbiter for claims commission, 302

Prussia, in Holy Alliance, 123

Puebla, captured by Scott, 333

QUAKERS, petitions for abolition of slavery, 252, 253

Quincy, Edmund, opposition to fugitive slave law, 373

RAILROADS,

begun in the United States, 169;

relation to national improvements, 169, 170

Randolph, John, 11;

opposition to tariff of 1816, 12

Rantoul, Robert, Jr., in Sims case, 372

Red River, the, 33

Reeder, Andrew H.,

arrives at Fort Leavenworth, 416;

character and work, 416;

action upon contested election cases, 420;

criticism by Robinson, 420, 421;

disregard of his certificates of election, 421, 422;

attitude of anti-slavery party, 421;

difficulties in treatment proposed by Robinson, 422;

calls legislature to meet at Pawnee, 422;

breaks with legislature over question of adjournment to Shawnee

Mission, 423;

letter from Conway, 424;

removed from governorship of Kansas Territory, 425;

elected Congressional delegate, 425;

elected Senator by "Free-state" party, 426;

contest for seat in House of Representatives, 432, 433;

indictment against, 435;

avoids arrest, 435;

Donaldson's reference to his resistance, 436

Representatives, House of. _See_ House of Representatives

[Jeffersonian] Republican Party,

its nationalization, 1-18;

its principles in 1801 and 1816, 3;

position on national bank, 4, 5;

early principles, 17;

division, 38, 103, 104, 115;

absorption of Federal party, 129;

effect of War of 1812, 130;

nature of the struggle of 1824, 130;

division of the party, 145 _et seq._;

effect of Panama Congress, 155;

effect of tariff on division of party, 157;

power of Congress in its regime, 207;

principles on which it gained power, 239;

effect of War of 1812, 239

Republican Party,

brought to life, 388;

creed in the _National Era_ address, 390;

effect of troubles in Kansas, 417;

the union of the various elements, 417, 418;

effect of interference of Missourians in Kansas, 418;

as to possible effect of events in Kansas, 446;

Kansas assured to the party, 471

Resaca de la Palma, battle of, 330

Revenue. _See_ Tariff

Revolution of 1830, relation to abolition, 244

Revolution, the American,

slave laws before, 46;

effect upon slavery, 47, 80

Revolution, the French, 47

Rhea, John, 31

Rhett, Robert Barnwell,

speech on control of Territories, 342, 343, 345;

views adopted by Calhoun and Davis, 344;

views on fugitive slave law, 367;

contention as to fugitive slave law, 371;

in debate on Foote's resolutions, 374

Rhode Island, Commonwealth of, 13;

legislation on slavery, 48;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Richardson, William A.,

reports bill on Kansas and Nebraska, 400;

motion in House, 403;

yields management of Kansas-Nebraska bill to Stephens, 404

Riley, Bennett, calls California convention, 353

Rio del Norte River, 36

Rio Grande River, 297, 300, 305;

Mexican troops on, 328;

claimed by Texas a boundary, 328;

scene of conflict, 329, 330, 331, 332;

upper valley occupied by Doniphan, 332, 337, 338, 354, 361, 363

Rio Grande del Norte River, 290, 297

Rives, William Cabell, view of slavery, 265-267

Roberts, Jonathan,

motion on Maine-Missouri bill, 82;

position as to the bill, 83;

moves to amend, 83

Robertson, George, committee service, 3

Robinson, Charles,

conference with leaders of Emigrant Aid Company, 413;

expedition to Missouri and Kansas, 413, 414;

the founding of Lawrence, 415;

criticism of Reeder's action on contested election cases, 420, 421;

plan of procedure for anti-slavery party in Kansas, 421, 422;

sends for Sharpe's rifles, 423;

checks factions by the Lawrence speech, 423, 424;

elected Governor of Kansas, 425;

message to legislature, 427;

negotiations with Shannon, 430;

at Franklin, 430;

communication with Sumner as to assault on Jones, 434;

indictment against, 435;

opinion as to purpose of Pottawattomie massacre, 441;

his release ordered, 446;

plan to capture Territorial government, 463;

conference with Wilson, 463;

difficulty of the situation, 464;

his work characterized, 471, 472;

his work quoted, 473

Rocky Mountains, 312, 313, 324, 325, 326, 381

Rush, Benjamin, proposal of Canning, 125

Russia,

in the North Pacific, 123;

edict as to northwest lands, 123;

in Holy Alliance, 123, 124;

Adams's statement to Tuyl, 124, 125;

the Czar in negotiation with Clay, 152, 153

Russian American Company claims in North Pacific, 123

SABINE RIVER, the, 33, 36, 290

St. Augustine, 25

St. Ildefonso, treaty of, 22, 23, 24, 54, 312

St. Louis, 65;

Branscomb and Robinson at, 413, 414

St. Mark's, 25, 32

St. Mary's River, the, 22, 30

Salazar, Jose Maria,

negotiations as to Panama Congress, 147, 148, 149;

cites Haytian affairs, 151

Salt Creek Valley, pro-slavery convention, 414

San Antonio, battle of, 334

Sandford, John F. A.,

owner of Dred Scott, 451;

defendant in federal courts, 451 _et seq._

San Diego, Cal., occupied by Kearny, 332

San Jacinto, battle of, 294, 295

San Jacinto River, 294

Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de,

establishes presidential government in Mexico, 292;

opposition in Coahuila-Texas, 292;

war of Texan independence, 293, 294;

a prisoner, 297;

in power again, 332;

his plan of action, 332;

battle of Buena Vista, 332, 333;

battle of Cerro Gordo, 333;

battles of Contreras, San Antonio and Cherubusco, 334

Savannah, Ga., 373

Scott, Dred,

his case as referred to in Buchanan's inaugural address, 447, 448;

origin of the case, 449, 450;

facts of the case, 450, 451;

decision of Missouri Supreme Court, 451;

sold to Sandford, 451;

judgment in Circuit Court, 451;

case before Supreme Court, 451;

opinion of Justice Nelson, 452;

opinion of Justice Catron, 453;

opinion of Chief Justice Taney, 453, 454;

opinion of Justice Curtis, 454;

criticism of the decision, 455;

criticism of Taney's argument, 455, 456;

relation of inaugural and decision, 456, 457;

opinion of Justice Curtis, 457, 458;

distribution of the opinions, 458;

effect of the decision, 458, 459;

effect of the dictum, 460

Scott, John, secures reference of Missouri memorials, 74

Scott, Martin, in Florida, 31

Scott, Winfield,

ordered to Charleston, 330;

his instructions, 330, 331;

ordered against Vera Cruz, 332;

captures Vera Cruz, 333;

battle of Cerro Gordo, 333;

captures Jalapa, Perote, Puebla, 333;

effect of his successes, 337;

Trist at his head-quarters, 337;

battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, 338;

takes Mexico, 338;

nominated for presidency, 376;

defeated, 377

Sedgwick, Major, accompanies Shannon to Lawrence, 444

Seminole War, 28, 29, 33;

results, 38;

cabinet intrigue on conduct of war, 220

Seminoles, 32;

treaty of 1832, 290;

repudiate treaty and are expelled, 290

Senate of the United States,

passage of Bank bill, 8;

passage of tariff bill, 12;

pay of members, 16;

passage of internal improvements bill, 16;

action on censure of Jackson, 36;

ratifies treaty of 1819, 36, 38;

effect of method of representation in, 63;

Missouri bill referred, 73;

vote on Tallmadge amendment, 74;

disagreement with House, 74;

Clay's suggestion of effect, 75;

Maine and Missouri bills in, 82, 83;

the Thomas amendment, 84;

Pinkney's speech, 84-87;

Missouri-Maine bill, and Thomas amendment, 87, 88;

the conference committee, 88, 89;

significance of the compromise, 90-95;

Missouri constitution considered, 95, 96;

passage of Smith bill on Missouri, 99;

bill defeated in House, 101;

work of second conference committee, 101-103;

plan to alter judicial system and limit number of Representatives,

109;

conference committee on tariff, 114, 115;

recommendation of Cumberland road, 116;

vote on internal improvements bill of 1822, 118, 119;

Clinton a member of, 132;

Crawford a member of, 133;

Clay a member of, 134;

Jackson a member of, 136;

opposition to Clay's appointment, 144;

action on Panama mission, 149, 150;

Van Buren's statement on action of, 153;

Van Buren leader of opposition in, 155;

action on tariff bill, 159, 160;

passage of tariff bill, 162;

South Carolina memorial in, 171;

Clay's proposal as to tariff, 186;

speeches of Clay and Hayne, 187;

vote on House tariff bill, 188;

conference committee, 188;

Benton's attack on Bank, 196;

report on the Bank, 198;

Benton's resolution on the Bank, 199, 200;

relation of members to constituencies, 200;

memorial for recharter of Bank, 201;

Benton's attack on Bank, 201;

bill, for recharter passed, 201, 202;

Jackson on duty of members, 206;

ratifies Indian Springs convention, 212;

Calhoun takes Hayne's seat in, 234;

Calhoun's statement in, 232, 233;

"Force Bill" reported, 233, 234;

Clay's proposition in, 235, 236;

support of Calhoun, 236;

passage of "Force Bill" and of tariff bill, 237;

abolition petitions referred, 253;

contest on right of petition, 264, 265;

Calhoun's efforts as to policy of, 268;

incident of the Vermont memorial, 269, 270;

reference of President's message, 273;

Connecticut memorial on Texas, 295;

Clay resolutions adopted, 295;

Calhoun's statement, 295, 296;

the Walker resolution on Texas, 298, 299;

action on President's message as to refusals, 298, 299;

effect of action, 300;

as to power over treaties, 307, 308;

treaty with Texas, 308, 309;

action as to Texas, 322, 323;

action as to Oregon, 325, 326;

bills on Mexico, and the Wilmot proviso, 335, 336;

ratifies treaties with Mexico, 339;

Oregon bill in, 341;

action on Oregon bills, 343;

debate on Oregon bill, 344;

lack of result, 345;

Bright and Clayton on Oregon, 346;

passes Clayton bill, 347;

final agreement with House, 347;

action on erection of California and New Mexico, 349 _et seq._;

Calhoun's last speech, 358;

Webster's Seventh of March speech, 359;

action on Texan boundary, 363, 364;

completion of compromise measures, 363, 364;

action on Shadrach case, 370;

action on President's powers, 371, 372;

Foote's finality resolutions, 374, 375;

petitions to, 375;

action on organization of Kansas and Nebraska, 381 _et seq._;

Atchison, President _pro tem._, 412;

memorials from Kansas, 433;

speech on the "Crime against Kansas," 439;

Brooks' assault, 439, 440;

action on Kansas, 469, 470.

_See_ Congress of the United States

Senior, Nassau William, cited, 186

Sergeant, John,

opposition to Lowndes's bill, 96, 97;

nominated commissioner to Panama Congress, 149;

nomination confirmed, 150

Sewall, Samuel E., in Sims case, 372

Seward, William Henry,

presents petitions for repeal of fugitive slave law, 375;

contest in convention of 1852, 376;

relation to Dixon and Nebraska bill, 387, 388;

charge as to official conduct of Taney, 456

Shadrach,

escape to Canada, 370;

Clay's motion and Fillmore's message, 370, 371

Shannon, Wilson,

becomes Governor of Kansas Territory, 427;

presides over Leavenworth convention, 428;

orders to Territorial militia, 429;

meets Lawrence committee at Shawnee Mission, 429;

goes to Lawrence, 430;

agreement with citizens of Lawrence, 430;

treats with Missourians at Franklin, 430, 431;

report to President, 431;

gives troops to Sheriff Jones, 434;

dealings with citizens of Lawrence, 436, 437;

orders troops to the Pottawattomie, 441;

his proclamation, 442;

orders troops out under Sumner, 442;

goes to Lawrence, 444;

treaty of August 17, 444;

resigns office, 444

Shaw, Henry, voting, 73

Shawnee Mission, Kansas,

removal of legislature to, 423;

arrival of Governor Shannon, 427;

Lawrence committee at, 429

Sherman, John, on committee for Kansas investigation, 433

Shields, James, attitude to fugitive slave law, 368

Sierra Nevada Mountains, 349

Silliman, Benjamin, member of Emigrant Aid Society, 409

Silsbee, Nathaniel, attitude to tariff of 1828, 162

Sims, Thomas,

arrest, 372;

trial and rendition, 372, 373

Slade, William,

motion to print abolition petitions, 254;

compared with Adams, 254;

Polk's ruling on his attempt to debate, 255;

his motion tabled, 255;

declares war on slavery, 258;

his object, 259;

further attempt at agitation, 262

Slave Code, Virginia code of 1705, 45

Slavery,

beginnings in United States, 40;

early view of system, 40;

legal recognition, 41;

prohibited in Georgia, 43;

legislation in Virginia, 43;

Virginia statute of 1662, 44, 45;

relation to Christian baptism, 44;

Virginia code of 1705, 45;

legislation on public relations of slavery, 46;

law of slavery before the Revolution, 46;

substantially abolished in Massachusetts, 48;

legislation in Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire,

Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and

Virginia, 48;

letter of Luther Martin, 49, 50;

in Constitution of 1787, 50;

status in Georgia and North Carolina cessions and in Kentucky, 50,

51, 56;

passage of fugitive slave law, 51;

abolition of slave trade by Congress, 51;

relation to cotton culture, 52, 53;

in Louisiana territory, 54, 55, 57, 65, 72, 88;

in Orleans Territory, 55;

in Louisiana Territory, 55, 56;

in Missouri Territory and Commonwealth of Missouri, 56, 65;

effect of abolition of foreign slave-trade, 57;

domestic slave-trade, 57, 58;

relation of slavery to diplomacy, 58;

international status, 59;

relation of slavery to public policy, 60;

status in various States, 62, 63;

division of Congress on territorial basis as to slavery, 63;

in the Territories, 63;

in Northwest Territory, 69;

in the Tallmadge amendment, 73;

slavery in Territories, 75;

Taylor's plan as to Missouri, 75, 76, 78;

Storrs's plan as to Missouri, 78;

Taylor's motion, 78 _et seq._;

motion of Thomas, 84, 87, 88;

relation of slavery to Missouri struggle, 92, 93, 106, 107;

status of slavery in 1776, 1787, 1820, 93;

slavery in national politics after 1820, 108;

relation of slavery to protection, 109, 110;

relation of slavery to Panama Congress, 151;

relation to tariff, 157;

relation to Maysville road bill, 168;

relation to internal improvements, to Missouri struggle, and to

tariff of 1828, 170;

view of Hayne and McDuffie, 177;

relation to the Bank question, 198;

effect of race domination, 244;

as regarded before 1830, 244;

humanitarianism of 1830, 244;

the philosophy of abolition and of its opponents, 245;

the true philosophy, 245, 246;

slavery in the Constitution, 246-248;

possible ways of attacking slavery, 248;

Southampton insurrection, 248, 249;

Floyd's message, 249 (_see_ Petition, Right of);

declaration of war by Slade, 258;

the contest precipitated, 260;

the Pinckney resolutions evoked, 261;

relation to denial of right of petition, 263, 264;

views of Rives, 265-267;

views of Calhoun, 265-268;

significance of the contest over petitions and the mails, 274-277;

relation of Whig principles to slavery, 283;

relation of Whig and Democratic parties to slavery extension, 287,

288;

slavery in Florida constitution of 1838, 290;

slavery in the Texas constitution of 1836, 294;

relation of slavery to recognition of Texas, 296;

relation of slavery to question of Texan annexation, 300, 301, 302;

Clay's views of relation of slavery and annexation, 319;

relation of slavery to Mexican War, 330, 331;

the Wilmot proviso, 335, 336;

Cass's view of relation of Mexican war and slavery, 338;

Thompson's amendment, 341;

Burt's motion as to the Wilmot proviso, 341, 342;

meaning of Rhett's views, 343;

views of Calhoun and Davis as to slavery in territories, 344;

Democratic platform of 1848, 344, 345;

Cass's letter to Nicholson, 345;

Whig platform of 1848, 345;

the Clayton bill, 346, 347;

Free-soil platform of 1848, 347, 348;

as to signature of Oregon bill, 348;

Douglas's and Smith's bills, 349;

Berrien's report, 349, 350;

views of Berrien and Webster on slavery in Mexican acquisitions,

351, 352;

Taylor's message of December 4, 1849, 354;

indication of policy in the Foote bill, 354;

relation of slavery to question of Texan boundary, 354, 355;

question of slavery in District of Columbia, 355;

Clay's plan of compromise, 355, 356;

opposition of Southerners, 356, 357;

attitude of Davis, and of abolitionists, 357;

Calhoun's last speech, 358;

Webster's Seventh of March speech, 359;

Clay's report, 361, 362;

the bills as adopted, 363, 364;

slavery before and after 1850, 365-367;

relation of parties to slavery question, 377;

various policies as to slavery, 377-379;

situation in December, 1852, 380, 381;

Douglas's report on Nebraska, 382-387;

dictum of the committee, 387;

Dixon's motion, 387;

dictum of Douglas as to act of 1820, 390;

controversy on the Kansas-Nebraska bill, 390 _et seq._;

speech of Houston, 393;

the _National Era_ address, 399, 400;

the struggle for Kansas, 407 _et seq._;

indications of plan for extension, 408;

the question in Kansas, 412;

Robinson's declaration as to slavery in Kansas and Missouri, 424;

Kansas legislation on slavery, 424;

its effect on the North, 424, 425;

the Topeka constitution, 425;

the Dred Scott case, 449-459;

effect of the Dred Scott dictum, 460;

further struggle in Kansas, 460-474;

the Lecompton constitution, 467, 468.

_See_ Kansas, Territory of

Slaves, introduced at Jamestown, 40.

_See_ Slavery

Slidell, John,

sent to Mexico, 327;

refused audience, and leaves Mexico, 328;

effect of his rejection, 329

Sloat, John Drake, ordered to Upper California, 331

Smith, Caleb B., reports bills on New Mexico and Upper California, 349

Smith, Gerrit,

the "Jerry rescue," 374;

signs _National Era_ address, 389

Smith, Persifer Frazer,

assigned to command in Kansas, 443;

orders as to invaders of Kansas, 445;

sustains Cooke in disobeying Woodson, 445

Smith, George W., candidate for Governor of Kansas, 468

Smith, William,

reports Maine-Missouri bill, 82;

position on the bill, 83;

presents bill to Senate on Missouri, 99;

bill passed by Senate and tabled by House, 99;

presents protest as to tariff, 170

"Softs," the, attitude of Pierce, 402

Soule, Pierre, the Ostend manifesto, 408

South Carolina, 8, 9;

slave laws, 46;

repeals law against slave importation, 51;

as to citizenship law, 99;

protest against tariff of 1824, 115, 116;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 118;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822, 119;

in election of 1824, 137, 138;

opposition to tariff bill of 1827, 159, 160;

legislature protests against tariff of 1828, 170, 171, 174;

attitude to Jackson's views, 172;

relation to McDuffie bill of 1830, 174;

attitude to McDuffie's argument, 176;

attitude to Congress in 1830-31, 178;

the tariff and Calhoun's work, 179, 181, 183;

nullification or rebellion, 183;

relation to Jackson's message of 1831, 184;

stock held in United States Bank, 203;

nullification earlier in Georgia, 210;

relation to the Indian troubles in Georgia, 220;

special meeting of legislature, 221;

the nullification convention and its work, 221;

the ordinance of nullification, 222;

committee to the legislature, 223;

addresses of the convention, 223, 224;

Hamilton's message, 224;

Hayne's inaugural, 224;

the Replevin Act, 224-226;

change of representation in Senate, 224;

acts to enforce ordinance of nullification, 226;

opinion of Calhoun and others as to position of South Carolina,

226-228;

South Carolina in Jackson's' message of 1832, 228;

Jackson's proclamation of December 10, 1832, 228-230;

active steps taken by Jackson, 230, 231;

feeling of the other States, 231;

Hayne's proclamation and the action of South Carolina, 232;

Jackson's message of January, 1833, 232;

Calhoun's statement in the Senate, 232, 233;

the "Force Bill" reported, 233, 234;

answers Replevin Act, 234;

attitude of Calhoun, 234;

postponement of execution of nullification ordinance, 235;

Bell's report on President's powers, 235;

Clay's proposals, 235, 236;

attitude of Calhoun, 236, 237;

attitude to Clay's bill, 237, 238;

ordinance of nullification withdrawn, 238;

motive of leaders in affairs of nullification, 238;

effect of nullification considered, 238-241;

opinion of Jacksonian principles, 240;

convention in, 375;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399;

demands of South Carolinians in Kansas, 437;

the assault upon Sumner, 439

South Carolina College, 173

"South Carolina Exposition, The," 179

South Sea, the, 33

Southampton County, Virginia,

slave insurrection, 248, 249;

Floyd's message, 249;

passed over, 250;

effect on consideration of abolition petitions, 252

"Southern Address," the, 374

Spain,

as to American possessions, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 30, 32, 33,

35, 36;

cedes Louisiana territory, 54, 65;

claims in North Pacific, 123;

relation to colonies and to Congress of Verona, 124;

attitude of Great Britain and United States as to her colonies, 125;

the "Monroe Doctrine," 125-128;

Clay's attitude to Spain's colonies, 135, 152, 153;

trouble in the colonies, 147, 151-153;

boundary disputes with France and United States, 290;

treaty of 1819, 290;

revolt of Mexico, 291;

claim to Oregon, 311;

the Nootka Convention, 311, 312;

effect of war with Great Britain, 312;

cedes Louisiana to France, 312;

cedes Florida, 313;

treaty of 1819, 318

Spalding, Henry Harmon, missionary to Oregon, 315

Spanish Government, 37

Spear, Samuel T., opposes fugitive slave law, 368

"Specie Circular," its results, 283

_Squatter Sovereign_, the, misrepresentations as to Emigrant Aid

Company, 411

Stanton, F. P.,

appointed secretary of Kansas Territory, 461;

as Acting Governor, negotiates with "Free-state" men, 461, 462;

action on fraudulent elections, 465;

demands of "Free-state" men, 466, 467;

calls legislature at Lecompton, 467;

removed, 467

"States' rights,"

founder of party, 2;

position of Webster, 6;

early condition of party, 122;

nucleus of party, 146;

Calhoun's doctrine, 179 _et seq._;

as to the Bank, 194, 195;

Benton's speech, 199;

Troup's attitude, 213;

Calhoun's position, 234, 236, 268, 269, 270;

King's views, 269, 270;

and _see_ 3, 49, 109, 130, 136, 137, 159, 192, 215, 217, 274

Stearns, ----, sells rights to site of Lawrence, 415

Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, management of the Kansas-Nebraska bill,

404

Stockton, Robert Field, ordered to Upper California, 331

Storrs, Henry R.,

voting, 73;

on Missouri affair, 78

Storrs, Richard Salter, opposes fugitive slave law, 368

Strange, Robert, motion in Senate, 270

Stringfellow, B. F.,

coeditor of _Squatter Sovereign_, 411;

formation of "Platte County Self-defensive Association," 414

Sullivan, G., interview with Adams, 142, 143

Sumner, Edwin Vose,

communication with Robinson as to assault on Jones, 434;

conditional offer of Lawrence citizens to surrender arms to, 437;

rescues Pate, 442;

returns to Fort Leavenworth, 442;

disperses legislature at Topeka, 443;

his act disapproved, 443;

retirement, 443;

attitude to Kansas affairs, 472

Sumner, Charles,

presents petitions for repeal of fugitive slave law, 375;

speech on fugitive slave law, 377;

effort to improve Nebraska bill, 388;

signs _National Era_ address, 389;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399;

speech on the "Crime against Kansas," 439;

assaulted by Brooks, 439, 440;

effect of assault modified by Pottawattomie massacres, 442

Supreme Court of the United States, decisions by:

Brown _vs._ Maryland, 195, 198;

McCulloch _vs._ Maryland, 205;

Cherokee Nation case, 218;

Worcester _vs._ Georgia, 218, 219;

_see also_ 109, 207, 222, 229, 346, 348, 366, 383, 427, 447, 460;

Prigg _vs._ Pennsylvania, 363;

Dred Scott _vs._ Sandford, 447, 449, _et seq._

Sutter land claims, war against, 413

Swift, Benjamin,

presents abolition petition, 269;

motion to lay on table, 270

Syracuse, New York,

meetings on fugitive slave law, 368;

the "Jerry rescue," 373, 374

TACUBAYA, 153

Tait, Charles, report, 74

Tallmadge, James, 34;

amendment to Missouri bill, 66-74;

leader of restrictionists, 68

Taney, Roger Brooke,

appointed secretary of the treasury, 280;

ceases deposits in United States Bank, 280;

the contention as to propriety and legality, 280, 281;

criticism by the Senate, 281;

opinion on Dred Scott case, 453, 454;

criticism of his argument, 455, 456;

charge as to divulging court secrets, 456, 457

Tappan, S. F., resists Sheriff Jones, 434

Tariff,

bill of 1816, 3, 8, 9, 10;

views of Clay, 10;

speech of Calhoun, 10, 11, 12;

passed by House and Senate, 12;

attitude of Randolph and Telfair, and the New Englanders, 12;

act under comparison, 15, 16;

Monroe's messages of 1821 and 1822, 110;

bill of 1823, 110, 111;

failure of the bill, 111;

Monroe's message of 1823, 111;

bill of 1824, 112;

support of Tod, 112, and of Clay, 112, 113;

opposition of Webster, Cambreleng and Barbour, 113, 114;

Hayne's theory, 114;

modified bill passed by House, 114;

House rejects Senate amendments, 114;

conference committee, 114, 115;

characterization of tariff of 1827, 115;

attitude of various States toward tariff of 1824, 115;

protest of South Carolina, 115, 116;

significance of the question, 129;

relation to slavery, 157;

act of 1824 a failure, 157;

memorials, 158;

Mallary bill of 1827, 158;

provisions, 158;

attitude of the various sections, 158, 159;

bill passed by House, 159;

opposition of South Carolina, 159, 160;

bill abandoned in Senate, 160;

bill of 1828 reported, 160;

its provisions, 160;

opposed and modified, 160, 161;

analysis of vote in House, 162;

passed by Senate and approved, 162;

relation to party lines, 162, 163;

South Carolina protests against bill of 1828, 170, 171, 174;

Jackson's message of December, 1829, 171, 172;

its reception in South Carolina, 172;

its reference, 172;

question of origin of tariff bills, 173, 174;

bill reported by McDuffie, 174;

its terms and disposal, 174;

manufactures committee bill, 175;

argument of McDuffie, 175, 176, 177;

passage of bills of 1830, 177, 178;

Jackson's message of December, 1830, 178;

the work of Calhoun, 179-181, 183;

the law in court, 182, 183;

Jackson's message of December, 1831, 184;

two bills of 1832, 185;

disposal in House, 186;

Clay's resolution in Senate, 186, 187, 188;

House bill in Senate, 188;

amended and passed, 188;

distribution of vote in Senate, 188;

conference and bill becomes law, 188;

its effect on the situation, 188, 189;

proposal in address of South Carolina convention, 224;

Jackson's message of December, 1832, 228;

bill reported by Verplanck, 231, 232;

discussion of Verplanck bill, 235;

Clay proposes compromise tariff, 235;

his purposes, 235, 236;

attitude of Calhoun, 236;

controversy over the bill, 236;

Clay's bill amended and substituted for Verplanck's bill, 237;

attitude of South Carolina, 238;

President's approval, 238;

result of modified bill of 1833, 283;

tariff bills vetoed by Tyler, 286

Tassells, Cherokee Indian, executed, 218

Taylor, John,

supports Bank bill, 8;

presides over Columbia convention, 159

Taylor, John W.,

in Missouri bill debate, 68;

plan as to Missouri, 75, 76, 78;

new motion and argument, 78 _et seq._;

on conference committee, 88;

attitude toward internal improvements bill of 1822, 119;

vote upon Maysville road bill, 168

Taylor, Zachary,

ordered to advance from Corpus Christi, 329;

demand of Ampudia, 329;

hostilities begun, 329;

battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, 329, 330;

occupies Matamoras, 331;

takes Monterey, 331, 332;

battle of Buena Vista, 332, 333;

battles of Contreras, San Antonio, and Cherubusco, 334;

armistice, 334;

presidential nominee, 345;

elected President, 349;

plan as to California, 353;

message of December 4, 1849, 353, 354;

special message under consideration, 357, 358;

death, 362

Tehuantepec, Isthmus of, 337

Telfair, Thomas, opposition to tariff of 1816, 12

Tennessee, 31, 32, 35;

created a Commonwealth, 51;

with slavery, 62, 63;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 118;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822, 119;

legislature nominates Jackson for the presidency, 136;

electoral vote in 1844, 320;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Territorial extension, position of Whig and Democratic parties, 287,

288

Texas,

early boundary dispute, 290;

Austin grant, 291;

efforts of United States to buy Texas, 292;

declares independence, 293;

the Mexicans defeated, 294;

constitution formed and Houston elected President, 294;

the Connecticut resolution, 295;

the Senate's resolution, 295;

Calhoun's position, 295, 296;

House passes resolution, 296;

Morfit's mission, 296-298;

Jackson's message of December 21, 1836, 298;

Walker's resolution, 298;

Jackson's special message as to reprisals, 298;

Walker resolution adopted, 299;

Texas in diplomatic appropriation bill 299;

Jackson deals with agent of Texas, 300;

Texan independence recognized, 300;

the question of annexation, 300, 301;

Wise's doctrine as to annexation, 302;

Whig address on annexation, 303;

negotiations of Upshur and Van Zandt, 304;

independence recognized by Powers, 304;

possibility of British interference, 304;

relations to Mexico, 305, 306;

proposal of annexation, 305;

legal position, 306;

Murphy's assurance to President of Texas, 306;

Houston sends special envoy to Washington, 306;

Murphy's assurance disavowed, 307;

President's proposal to move forces, 307;

Texas treaty sent to Senate, 307, 308;

President's view of constitutional position of Texas, 308;

treaty rejected by Senate, 308;

Benton's claim, 308;

opposition of Archer, 308, 309;

"reannexation" in the Democratic platform, 309;

documents sent to House, 309, 310;

in Democratic platform of 1844, 316, 317, 318;

the Clay letters, 319;

demands of abolitionists, 319;

the _National Intelligencer_ letter, 319, 320;

relation to annexation of election of Polk, 320;

Greeley's views as to triumph of annexation, 320;

Tyler's message of 1844, 320, 321;

Ingersoll reports joint resolution, 321;

various views as to method of annexation, 321, 322;

House passes enabling act, 322;

the Archer report in the Senate, 322, 323;

the Walker amendment, 323;

measure signed by President, 323;

Texas admitted, 323;

annexation a casus belli for Mexico, 327;

Texas congress of December, 1836, 328;

the Rio Grande as boundary, 328;

President's duty as to Texan boundary, 329;

Congressional acts as to Corpus Christi, 329;

importance of Buena Vista, 333;

problem of Texan boundary, 354, 355;

Clay's plan, 355, 356;

opposition of Southerners, 356, 357;

attitude of abolitionists, 357;

Webster's Seventh of March speech, 359;

Clay's report, 361;

extension of jurisdiction by Bell, 362, 363;

passage of bill as to Texan boundary, 363, 364;

dictum of Douglas as to annexation of Texas, 390;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399.

_See also_ Coahuila-Texas

Thayer, Eli,

beginning of his work, 408, 409;

his reasoning, 409;

organization effected, 409, 410;

incorporation, 410, 411;

conference with Robinson, 413;

reward offered for his head, 413;

sending of Sharpe's rifles, 423

Thomas, Jesse B.,

motion as to slavery, 84, 87, 88;

on conference' committee, 88

Thompson, James,

moves amendment to Oregon bill, 341;

amendment in Douglas bill, 341

Thompson, Waddy,

as minister to Mexico receives threat of war, 305;

opinion on slavery extension, 330

Titus, Colonel,

in troubles at Lawrence, 437;

captured, 444;

his release promised, 444

Tod, John,

reports tariff bill, 110;

bill fails, 111;

reports tariff bill of 1824, 112;

supports the bill, 112

Tomlinson, Gideon, opposes report of Committee of Thirteen, 101

Topeka, Kansas,

convention at, 425 (_see_ Kansas, Territory of);

legislature at, dispersed, 443;

Cooke refuses to obey Woodson's order to attack Topeka, 445;

mass-meeting at, 464

Topliff, C. W., dealings with Donaldson for Lawrence citizens, 438

Treaty of April 11, 1713 (Utrecht), 312

Treaty of 1762, between France and Spain, 21, 22, 23

Treaty of Paris, February 10, 1763, between France, Great Britain, and

Spain, 20, 21, 22, 23

Treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783, 22

Treaty of 1790 (Nootka Convention), between Great Britain and Russia,

311

Treaty of 1800 (St. Ildefonso), between France and Spain, 22, 23, 24,

54, 312

Treaty of April 30, 1803, between France and the United States, 23,

24, 55, 57, 72, 312, 318

Treaty of Fort Jackson, 1814, 26, 29

Treaty of December 24, 1814, between Great Britain and the United

States, 9, 26

[Convention] of October 20, 1818, between Great Britain and the United

States, 313, 314

Treaty of February 22, 1819, between Spain and the United States, 33,

36, 37, 38, 290, 313, 318

Treaty of July 12, 1823, between Colombia and Peru, 147

Treaty of July 12, 1823, between Colombia and Chili, 147

Treaty of February 12, 1825, between United States and Creek Indians,

212, 214

Treaty of April 12, 1825, between Colombia and United Provinces of

Central America, 147

Treaty of September 20, 1825, between Colombia and Mexico, 147

Treaty of January, 1826, between United States and Creek Indians, 214

[Convention] of August 6, 1827, between Great Britain and the United

States, 314, 324

Treaty of 1832, between United States and Seminole Indians, 290

[Treaty] of April 11, 1839, between Mexico and the United States, 301

Treaty of August 9, 1842, between Great Britain and the United States,

303

Treaty of April 12, 1844, between Texas and the United States, 307,

308, 309

Treaty of June 15, 1846, between Great Britain and the United States,

326, 339

Treaty of February 2, 1848, between Mexico and the United States, 338,

339, 354, 355

Tremont Temple, fugitive slave law meetings, 373

Trist, Nicholas P.,

offers treaty to Mexico, 337;

proposals rejected, 337;

signs treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 388;

returns to Washington, 338, 339

Troup, George McIntosh,

attempts survey of Creek land, 212;

letter from Barbour, 212, 213;

controversy with Barbour and Adams, 213, 214;

repudiates agreement of 1826, 214;

controversy with Administration as to surveys, 214, 215;

his message to the legislature, 215

Tucker, George, committee service, 3

Turks, 45

Turner, Nat, leads slave insurrection, 249

Tuyl, Baron, declaration from Adams, 124, 125

Tyler, John,

succeeds Harrison, 286;

vetoes bank bills and tariff bills, 286;

Cabinet resignations, 286, 287;

friction with Whigs, 287;

accession to presidency, 301;

opens negotiations with Texas, 301;

relation to annexation, 302;

resignation of Webster, 303;

makes Upshur secretary of state, 303, 304;

the London story of interference in Texas, 304;

attitude to Mexican threat of war, 305;

relation to Texan negotiation, 307;

as to defence of Texas, 307;

sends treaty to Senate, 307, 308;

view of constitutional position of Texas, 308;

significance of Archer's criticism of annexation treaty, 309;

sends Texas documents to House, 309, 310;

relations with Whitman, 315, 316;

message of 1844, 320, 321;

views as to method of annexation, 321;

signs measure for annexation of Texas, 323;

characterization of his acts, 323, 324

"UNCLE TOM'S CABIN," 106

"Underground," the, established, 368.

_See_ Fugitive Slave Law

United Provinces of Central America, treaty of 1825, with Colombia,

147

United States Bank. _See_ Bank of the United States

United States of America, the,

effect of military statutes, 13;

national spirit in, 19;

territorial extension of, 20;

independence recognized, 22;

purchase of Louisiana, 23;

claims on Florida, 23, 24;

occupation of Florida, 24, 25;

effect of treaty of Ghent, 26;

affair at Nicholls Fort, 27, 28;

character of Seminole War, 29, 30;

relations with Spain as to occupation of Florida, 32, 33;

treaty with Spain, 33, 36, 37, 38;

transfer of Florida, 38;

slavery in, 40, 50, 52, 53;

treaty of 1803, 55;

obligations to Georgia and North Carolina, 56, and to France, 57;

attitude to slavery, 58, 59, 60, 62-65;

debate on powers of general Government, 66 _et seq._;

Taylor's discussion of powers, 79, 80;

federal system of 1820, 87;

nature of the Union, 97;

effect of second Missouri compromise, 103;

significance of the compromise, 104-106;

commercial position, 112, 113;

foreign relations of, in 1822, 122;

claims in the North Pacific, 123;

relation to Spain's American possessions, 124 _et seq._;

attitude to Holy Alliance, 124 _et seq._;

relations with Spanish-American states, 146 _et seq._;

constitutional interpretation in the history of, 156;

relations with Great Britain, 164;

railroads in, 169;

tariff the necessary policy of, 171;

statistics from foreign trade of, 175, 176;

meaning of the term, 180;

regard for laws of, 181;

danger of bank to, 202;

Jackson's view considered, 203;

as to veto power, 207;

effect of Jackson's bank veto, 207-209;

cession by Georgia to, 211;

treaty with Creek Indians, 212;

dispute as to title, 213;

treaty with Creek Indians, 214;

trouble with Georgia, 214 _et seq._;

the issue as offered by South Carolina, 226;

principle of the governmental system of, 227;

the time for a revenue tariff, 228;

Jackson on the character of the Union, 229;

officers of, in South Carolina, 230;

resistance to laws checked, 234;

effect of events of 1832 and 1833, 238-241;

development of national purposes, 243, 244;

abolition and opinion of slavery in, 244;

contest over use of mails of, 270 _et seq._;

disputes as to deposits of, 280 _et seq._;

treaty with Seminoles, 290;

recognition of Spanish rights, 290;

immigration into Texas from, forbidden, 291;

attempts to purchase Texas, 292;

importation of slaves into Texas from, allowed, 294;

as to recognition of Texan independence by, 295, 296;

Morfit's report on Texas, 297;

question of natural boundaries, 300, 301;

annexation of Texas proposed, 301;

diplomatic relations with Mexico, 301, 302;

recognition of Texan independence by, 304;

relations with Mexico and Texas, 305 _et seq._;

as to admission of Texas, 310;

purchase of Louisiana, 312;

claims in Oregon, 312, 313;

conventions with Great Britain, 313, 314;

Oregon and Great Britain, 314 _et seq._;

as to claim on Texas and Oregon, 318;

Clay's views as to policy of, 319, 320;

relations with Mexico, 320, 321;

as to annexation of Texas, 321;

as to method of annexation to, 323, 324;

claims to Oregon, 324 _et seq._;

negotiations with Great Britain, 326;

suspension of diplomatic relations with Mexico, 327;

mission to Mexico, 328;

question of the Texan frontier, 328, 329;

relations with Mexico, 329 _et seq._;

military power in California, 332;

the Trist mission, 337, 338;

treaty with Mexico, 338;

Rhett on the nature of the union, 342, 343;

extension of public law of, 352;

relations to Cuba, 408;

relation to affairs in Kansas, 445 _et seq._

Upham, William,

introduces amendment, 338;

opposition of Cass and rejection, 338

Upper California,

to be occupied to Sloat and Stockton, 331;

treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 338;

Smith's bill, 349.

_See_ California

Upshur, Abel P.,

made secretary of state, 303, 304;

negotiations with Van Zandt, 304;

letter to Murphy, 304;

formally proposed annexation, 305;

demand from Van Zandt, 306;

relation to Murphy's promise, 306;

death, 306

Utah,

Foote's bill for territorial organization, 254;

report of committee on territories, 360;

Committee of Thirteen, 360;

Clay's report, 360, 361;

bill as to Utah passed, 362;

as to the Douglas report on Nebraska, 384;

Chase on Act of 1850, 391

Utrecht, treaty of, 312

VAN BUREN, MARTIN,

relation to Crawford, 133;

attitude toward civil service reform, 133;

in election of 1824, 137;

attitude upon Panama Congress, 153;

opposition to Adams on internal improvements, 155;

share in election of 1828, 164;

made secretary of state, 164;

his success in diplomacy, 164;

relation of Administration to the financial situation, 284;

message of September 4, 1837, 284, 285;

origin of independent treasury idea, 285;

Van Buren's recommendation and the law of July 4, 1840, 285, 286;

declines proposition of Texan annexation, 301;

resumed diplomatic relations with Mexico, 301;

treaty proclaimed, 301, 302;

put aside by his party, 309;

nominated for presidency, 347;

popular vote in 1848 compared with that for Hale in 1852, 377

Vanderpoel, Aaron, motion in House, 255

Van Zandt, Isaac,

negotiations with Upshur, 304;

proposal of Upshur, 305;

demand upon Upshur, 306

Venezuela, 30

Vera Cruz,

campaign against, ordered, 332;

captured by Scott, 333

Vermont,

slavery forbidden, 62, 63;

Rev. S. A. Worcester, of, 218;

abolition petition, 265, 269;

position of Calhoun, 270;

disposal of Swift's motion, 270;

vacancy in Senate delegation, 398;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

Verona, Congress of, 124

Verplanck, Gulian Crommelin,

reports tariff bill, 231, 232;

bill discussed, 235;

bill used in argument, 236;

Clay's bill substituted for Verplanck's bill, 237

Virginia, Commonwealth of, 8, 41;

legislation on slavery, 43;

statute of 1662, 44, 45;

slave code of 1705, 45;

legislation on public elements of slavery, 46;

forbids importation of slaves, 48;

domestic slave-trade, 57, 58;

as a type, 86;

relation to Cumberland road, 116;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817, 117;

attitude to improvements bill of 1822, 119;

stock held in United States Bank, 203;

relation to slavery in District of Columbia, 253;

anticipated by Connecticut in recognizing Texas, 295;

views as to policies on slavery, 378;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399

"Virginia dynasty," the, extinct, 131

Vives, Francisco D., 37

WADE, EDWARD,

signs _National Era_ address, 389;

opposition to Douglas, 391

Wakarusa River, the,

settlement near, 414;

Missourians on, 429

Walker, Isaac P.,

motion as to Mexican acquisitions, 350, 351;

declaration as to repeal of act of 1820, 395

Walker, Robert John,

offers resolution as to Texas, 298;

adopted, 299;

offers amendment to Texas resolution, 323;

appointed Governor of Kansas Territory, 461;

his address, 462;

party relations, 462;

declaration as to law controlling territorial election, 464;

action on fraudulent elections, 465

Walker, Samuel, in command of "Free-state" forces in Kansas, 444

Walla Walla, mission on the, 315, 316

War of 1812, 1, 5, 8, 9, 13, 17, 24, 25, 28, 29, 33, 54, 58, 59;

effect upon political parties, 130;

effect on Republican party, 239;

as to Astoria, 313

War with Mexico,

a result of social development, 277;

relation of war to election of Polk, 320;

details, 327 _et seq._;

the casus belli, 327;

the concentration of forces, 328;

point of conflict, 328, 329;

beginning of hostilities, 329;

battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, 329, 330;

attitude of parties to war, 330;

character of war, 330, 331;

Congress authorizes war, 331;

occupation of New Mexico and Upper California, 331;

capture of Monterey, 331, 332;

seizure of California, 332;

return of Santa Anna and plans against Vera Cruz, 332;

battle of Buena Vista, 333;

capture of Vera Cruz, 333;

battle of Cerro Gordo, 333;

capture of Jalapa, Perote, and Puebla, 333;

battles of Contreras, San Antonio, and Cherubusco, 334;

armistice, 334;

Cass's view of relation of the war and slavery, 338;

battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, 338;

capture of Mexico, 338;

opposition to the war, 338;

treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 338

War of 1861,

an historical necessity, 65;

a result of social development, 277;

relation of events in Kansas to, 473, 474

War Department, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35

Warrenton, Virginia, 138

Washington, D. C., 2, 33, 124, 299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 307, 313, 315,

327, 330, 339, 375, 389, 401, 426, 428, 439

Washington Hall, fugitive slave law meetings, 373

Washington _Union_, the, relation to President Pierce, 401, 402

Webb, James Watson, applies name to Whig party, 281, 282

Webster, Daniel,

objection to Bank bill, 6;

as to tariff bill, 12;

qualifications as presidential candidate in 1824, 134, 136;

attitude to tariff of 1828, 162;

Calhoun and the Hayne debate, 179;

relation to Jackson and the Bank, 191;

advice to Bank party, 201;

on Bank committee of Senate, 201;

answers Calhoun's argument, 237;

retires from Tyler's cabinet, 286, 287;

New York speech on Texas, 301;

checks annexation plans, 303;

resigns from State Department, 303;

the Ashburton treaty, 303;

negotiation with Ashburton, 314;

views on slavery in Mexican acquisitions, 351, 352;

Seventh of March speech, 359;

on Committee of Thirteen, 360;

attitude to fugitive slave law, 368;

denounced by Giddings, 369;

contest in Whig convention of 1852, 376;

death, 377

Webster, Sidney, statement as to position of Washington _Union_, 401,

402

Welles, Gideon, Blair to Welles on Seward, 387, 388

Wells, William, as to Bank bill, 8

West Florida, 21

Weston, Missouri, meeting of residents of Platte County, 414

Westport, Missouri, meeting of Whitman colonists, 316

Wheeling, West Virginia, 116

Whig party,

appearance, 38, 104;

acquisition of name, 279, 281, 282;

significance of its composition and principles, 282, 283;

relation to Gordon's independent treasury proposal, 285;

opposes independent treasury bill of 1840, 285, 286;

convention of 1839, 286;

election of 1840, 286;

Bank bill and tariff bill as party measures, 286;

friction between Congress and President, 286, 287;

relation of its principle to the new question of slavery and

territorial extension, 287, 288;

address on Texas annexation, 303;

convention nominates Clay for presidency, 309;

position on Polk's first message, 324, 325;

attitude to Mexican War, 330;

platform of 1848, 345;

the Clayton bill, 346, 347;

election of 1848, 348, 349;

convention of 1852, 376;

tendency to division of party, 376, 377;

election of 1852, 377;

controversy over Kansas-Nebraska bill, 391;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 398, 399;

vote in House on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 404, 405;

meaning of the vote, 405, 406;

as to leaders of Emigrant Aid Company, 413;

effect of Kansas struggle, 417;

tendency to dissolution, 417, 418

Whitfield, John W.,

elected to Congress in Kansas, 417;

credentials accepted, 418;

contest for seat in House of Representatives, 432, 433;

leads Missourians in Kansas, 441

Whitman, Marcus,

missionary to Oregon, 315;

settlement, and visit to Tyler, 315;

helped by the Administration, 315, 316;

the Oregon colony, 315

Wick, William W., moves amendment, 341, 342

Wilkins, William,

reports "Force Bill," 233, 234;

bill used in argument, 236;

attitude of Calhoun, 236;

bill passed by Senate, 237;

and by House, 237, 238;

approved, 238;

"Force Bill" considered, 240

Williams, J. M. S.,

in emigrant aid work, 411;

conference with Robinson, 413

Wilmot, David,

moves amendment, 335;

passed by House, 335;

no action in Senate, 336;

amendment again passed by House, 336 (_see_ Upham, William);

motion for amendment of Wilmot proviso, 341, 342;

the proviso and the Whig platform of 1848, 345;

the proviso in Berrien's speech, 352;

the proviso in abolitionist demands, 357

Wilson, Henry,

meets Robinson at Lawrence, 463;

urges new census for Kansas, 463

Wisconsin, Commonwealth of,

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 399;

early Republican party in, 418

Wise, Henry A.,

demand as to District of Columbia, 257;

doctrine on Texan annexation, 302;

connection of speech with President's policy, 303

Witan, 262

Wood, S, N.,

Jones serves writ on, 433;

as to "treason indictment," 435

Woodbury, Charles Levi, connection with Sims case, 373

Woodbury, Levi, beginning of Bank trouble, 191

Woodson, Daniel,

Acting-Governor of Kansas Territory, 425;

superseded by Shannon, 427;

again Acting-Governor, 444;

proclamation of August 25, 444, 445;

orders Cooke to attack Topeka, 445

Worcester _vs._ Georgia [6 Peters, 515], 218, 219

Worcester, Samuel A.,

violation of Georgia statute, 218, 219;

case of Worcester against Georgia, 219

Worcester, Massachusetts, home of Eli Thayer, 408

Wright, William, not voting on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 398

THE AMERICAN HISTORY SERIES

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