Miss Hannah Wild's letter--The first text given by Phinuit--Mrs
Blodgett's sitting--Thought-reading explains the case.
There is a case of which I shall speak with some detail in this chapter,
for three reasons:--(1) The good faith of the experimenters being
unquestioned, if the experiment had succeeded we should certainly have
had a first step towards proof of a future life. Experiments of this
kind must be arranged if the desired end is to be attained. Even if only
one out of ten were successful, we should have established a method of
procedure, and should certainly in time discover the truth. (2) This
example will once again show the reader the character of Phinuit, who
hesitates at no invention, and risks being caught in the act of
imposture sooner than own to his ignorance or incapacity. (3) The reader
will find in it examples of the untrue assertions which are found in all
the bad sittings.
This dishonesty of Phinuit certainly complicates the problem singularly.
But I wish to present it as it actually is, with its dark and bright
sides. Science must endeavour to explain both.[39]
Miss Hannah Wild died on July 28, 1886. She was a strong Baptist, and
remained so to her last moments. About a year before her death a Boston
spiritualist paper published a message supposed to have come from her
dead mother. Miss Hannah Wild was much struck by it.
Her sister advised her to try the following experiment. Miss Hannah Wild
should write a letter whose contents she alone knew, and when she died,
she should return, if not prevented by circumstances stronger than her
will, and communicate the contents of the letter to her sister through
some medium. The letter would only be opened when some message bearing
all the marks of authenticity should arrive.
This was done. Hannah Wild wrote the letter, sealed it and enclosed it
in a tin box. It was understood that no mortal hand was to touch it.
When giving it to her sister she said, "If I can come back it will be
like ringing the City Hall bell!"
Mrs Blodgett, Hannah Wild's sister, adds, "Hands have never touched that
letter; it was in my husband's safe. When I sent it to Professor James I
took it out with scissors."
Mrs Blodgett having, in the last half of 1886, seen Professor James's
name in a journal concerned with Psychical Research wrote to him and
told him the above circumstances. In consequence he tried to get the
letter read through Mrs Piper. He sent her, not the letter, of course,
but a glove which Miss Hannah Wild had worn on the day she wrote the
letter, and the lining of her hat.
Mr J. W. Piper, Mrs Piper's father-in-law, acted as sitter. Phinuit took
his time, and tried for the contents of the letter during several
sittings. The result was a long dramatic elucubration, which reminds us
involuntarily of certain of Mlle. Smith's subliminal productions. I will
give three paragraphs of it. The remarks between parentheses are Mrs
Blodgett's; the reader will appreciate the facts by the light the
remarks throw upon them. However, it may not be useless to remark that
Phinuit found Miss Hannah Wild's exact name, which had been carefully
hidden from him.
1. "Dear Sister,--In the bottom of my trunk in the attic with my clothes
I have placed a little money and some jewels, given to me, as you know,
by mother, and given to her by grandfather, who has now passed away.
Bessie, I now give to you; they are all I have, I wish I could have
more. It has grieved me not a little not to have given the Society
something, but as you know, sister, I am unable to do so. If it be
possible I will give them my presence in spirit." (Sister left no trunk.
Never lived in any house with an attic. Mother never gave her any
jewels. Mother's father died in 1835. Mother died in 1880, and gave all
her jewels to me. These jewels had previously been given to mother by
myself. Sister left money, and could have given the Society some had she
chosen to do so.)
2. "The table-cover which I worked one year ago I want you to give
sister Ellen, John's wife. The reason I did not dispose of them before
will be a satisfactory proof of spirit return. My dearest sister, should
you ever marry, as I think you will, take the money and use it as you
think best, to buy a wedding outfit." (She never worked a table-cover. I
worked one and gave her. Brother John died when five years old. There
is no one by the name of Ellen connected with the family. She did think
I would marry, but knew that I had plenty of money to buy an outfit.)
3. "Do not dress in mourning for me, for if it be true the spirit can
return I want to see you dressed in light, not black. Not for me now, my
dear sister Bessie. Try to be cheerful and happy through your married
life, and when you hear from me--this for you a copy, 'remember sister
Hannah is not dead, only passed out of the body.' I will give you a
beautiful description of our life there and of my darling mother if I
see her." (Hannah always wore black, and often said it would be wicked
for me to take it off, for my child always said, "Mamma, you will always
wear black for me," and I have worn black for twenty years, ever since
my child died.)
And so forth.
Phinuit's elucubrations were six good manuscript pages long. Except
Hannah Wild's name everything was wrong. And yet Mr J. W. Piper affirms
that during all the sittings he had the feeling that he was talking to
the spirit of Miss Hannah Wild. Phinuit was asked for a description of
the communicator; all the details were false. After this it is
unnecessary to say that the letter Miss Hannah Wild had written before
her death, when opened by Professor James, after receiving the Phinuit
letter, differed totally from that document.
So far the Blodgett-Wild case is on the whole commonplace. Phinuit lied
when he pretended to communicate with Hannah Wild's spirit; for there is
no more reason here than elsewhere to suppose conscious fraud on Mrs
Piper's part. But this is the point at which the case becomes
interesting, and where it may perhaps throw some light on Phinuit's
manner of procuring information, and on the character of Phinuit
himself. If we judged only from this case, it would seem that Phinuit
was merely a secondary personality of Mrs Piper, possessing the
extraordinary power of reading people's minds unhindered by distance.
But let us say at once that a number of other cases render the problem
much more complex. The conclusion to be drawn from what follows is, that
if Phinuit is really what he asserts that he is, he does not draw his
information only from disincarnated spirits, whom he is supposed to
perceive objectively; he also reads the minds of the living, and with
the information he finds there he creates personages, apparently
life-like, and bearing a strong resemblance to deceased persons.
On the 30th of May 1888[40] Mrs Blodgett in person had a sitting with
Mrs Piper. The time was fixed by Dr Hodgson, who took care, as usual,
not to name the future sitter, and not to give any hint of her identity.
In my eyes this sitting is remarkable. Mrs Blodgett, with great good
sense, sums it up thus: "All the details which were in my mind Phinuit
gave exactly. On all the points of which I was ignorant he gave false
replies, or said nothing."
During the whole sitting Phinuit asserted that he was literally
repeating the words of Miss Hannah Wild, present. I shall quote the most
typical incidents. The remarks between parentheses are taken from Mrs
Blodgett's comments.
Hannah Wild.[41]--"Bessie, Betsie Blodgett, my sister. How glad I am to
see you! I am Anna, Hannah, your sister, Hannah Wild. How's father and
all the folks? Oh, I am so glad to see you!" (All this time Mrs Piper
kept on slapping me with her hand just like sister. When she died my
name was not Blodgett but Bessie Barr.)
H. W.--"Saw you once before in that audience. Threw a message at you."
(Four weeks after sister's death, John Slater, a medium, said, pointing
to me amongst a large audience, "There is a lady here who wants to have
you know she is here. She says she will tell you what is in that paper
soon.")
H. W.--"How's the Society, Lucy Stone and all of them?" (Lucy Stone is
the editor of the _Woman's Journal_, and wrote a piece about sister when
she died.)
H. W.--"My photo in that bag."
Mrs Blodgett had brought a bag containing several things which had
belonged to her sister. Mrs Piper tried to open it, but could not. It
seems that Miss Hannah Wild, living, could only open the bag with
difficulty. Mrs Blodgett opened it. The so-called Hannah Wild threw the
objects out pell-mell, saying, "Picture of mine in here." This was so.
Now this photograph was the only thing in the bag which Mrs Blodgett did
not know was there; she had slipped her sister's will into an envelope
in which the photograph already was, but she had not consciously noticed
it was there. Her subconsciousness had probably been more
perspicacious, and it is from that Phinuit had probably drawn the
detail; at least unless he has the power of seeing certain things
through opaque bodies.
H. W.--(Takes her will, which she had shaken out of the envelope
containing the photograph.) "This is to you. I wrote it and gave it to
you. That was my feelings at the time I wrote it. You did not think as I
did. You made me feel sad sometimes. But you did take good care of me. I
always felt there was something that would never part us. Do just as I
told you to. You remember about my dress? Where's my comb? You remember
all about my money? I told you what to do with that. That ain't written
in this paper. I told you that on my death-bed." (All this is correct,
except that I know nothing about a comb. The will disposed of her books
and dresses and all her things, except her money.)
H. W.--"How is Alice?"
Mrs B.--"What Alice?"
H. W.--"The little girl that's a namesake." (Our living sister Alice had
a child named Alice Olivia, and Hannah always called her Alice: it was
our mother's name. The others called her Ollie. Hannah did not like
this, and did all she could to make us know that she did not want the
Alice dropped.)
H. W.--"Mother is here. Where's doctor? Where's brother?" (My husband is
a doctor; Hannah knew him. We have one brother living named Joseph, who
travels most of the time.) Hannah Wild takes a gold chain wrapped in
silk. Mrs Blodgett says, "Hannah, tell me whose and what is that?"
H. W.--(Feeling tassel at end of chain) "My mother's chain." (The chain
was a long chain of mother's. It was cut in two after she died. Hannah
had worn one half. The half which I took to the sitting had not been
worn since mother's death, and it had a tassel on the end, different
from the half Hannah had worn.)
H. W.--"Who's Sarah?"
Mrs B.--"Sarah Grover?"
H. W.--"No, Sarah Obb--Hodg--" (The medium's hand points to Mr Hodgson,
and the voice says it belongs to him.) Then Hannah Wild adds, "Sarah
Hodson." (Sarah Hodson was a friend of sister's at Waterbury,
Connecticut. I had thought of her the night before when I met Mr
Hodgson, as she also came from London, England.)
H. W.--"Where is my big silk handkerchief?"
Mrs B.--"I gave it to Clara. You told me to."
H. W.--"Where is my thimble?"
Mrs B.--"I don't know."
H. W.--"I saw you put it into this bag." (The handkerchief was a large
silk one given to sister by a lady who lived with us for years, and it
came from England. I did not know I had put Hannah's thimble in the bag,
but found on return to the hotel that it was there on the bed, with the
rest of the things I had taken out of the bag before starting for the
sitting.)
Mrs B.--"Can you tell me, sister, how many brothers you have in spirit
life?"
H. W.--"One, two, three." (I asked her how many brothers, because
William had only been dead since March 27 in the same year (1888).
"Three" was correct.)
Mrs B.--"Can you tell me where that letter is now that you wrote?"
H. W.--"It is at home, in tin box."
Mrs B.--"Can't you tell me more about it?"
H. W.--"I have told you. It would be like ringing church bells if I
could come back." (The letter was in the bag wrapped up in rubber cloth.
Sister did say when we put the letter in tin box, "It would be like
ringing the City Hall bell if I can come back.")
H. W.--"Where's William and doctor?"
Mrs B.--"Hannah, you tell me where William is."
H. W.--"He is here. I found him."
Mrs B.--"How long has he been?"
H. W.--"Weeks. You know all about it. He sticks to you all the time
every day. William wants to know how you like that lot."
Mrs B.--"What lot?"
H. W.--"You ought to know. You bought it to bury him in. William is
better out of the world than in it. He was a strange fellow. He don't
like that lot. Do you?"
Mrs B.--"No." (I had bought him a lot in Woodlawn Cemetery, N.Y. His
wife wanted him buried there. We wanted to take him to our home and bury
him by mother. Brother was very proud, and we thought the lot was not as
nice as he would like.)
At the end of the sitting the so-called Hannah Wild said that she must
go because it was church time, and she would not miss it. Mrs Blodgett
remarks that this is also characteristic of her sister. It was
Decoration Day, and the living Hannah Wild would certainly not have
missed it. This last incident is odd; but there are many analogous ones
in the literature of the subject and in Mrs Piper's sittings. Often the
communicator will not allow that he is dead, or has passed into another
world; if he is asked what he is doing, he appears surprised, and
affirms that he is carrying on his usual occupation; if he is a doctor,
he asserts that he continues to visit his patients. Phinuit is often
asked to describe the people of whom he speaks. He pictures them as they
were on earth, in their customary dress, and he affirms that he so sees
them. At the end of one sitting Professor Hyslop's father exclaims,
"Give me my hat!" Now this was an order he often gave in his lifetime
when he rose painfully from his invalid chair to accompany a visitor to
the gate. I repeat, these incidents are odd and embarrassing for the
spiritistic hypothesis. It is difficult to admit that the other world,
if it exists, should be a servile copy of this. Should we suppose that
the bewilderment caused by death is so great in certain individuals that
it is some time before they perceive the change in their environment? It
is difficult to admit this. Should we suppose these speeches are
automatisms of the communicator, rendered half unconscious towards the
end of the sitting by the heavy atmosphere of the medium's organism?
But, when the communication is not direct, when an intermediary is
speaking through the organism, what should we think? Are these traits
thrown in intentionally by the communicator, the better to prove his
identity? No doubt these incidents are very embarrassing to the
spiritistic hypothesis. On the other hand, if we allow that the
self-styled communicators are created by the entranced Mrs Piper from
the elements she finds here and there in the minds of living persons,
these incidents are quite natural; it would be surprising not to meet
with them. I mention the difficulty in passing; it will not fall to my
lot to solve it.
However this may be, Mrs Blodgett left the sitting convinced that she
had been conversing with her own consciousness externalised, and not
with the spirit of her sister. But if it had not been for the previous
incident of the letter, which had invited distrust, and if Mrs Blodgett
had had less judgment, she would probably have left the sitting
convinced that she had been talking to her defunct sister. Many
spiritualists must commit like errors every day. This shows what
circumspection is needed in such studies as these.
Mrs Blodgett asked Dr Hodgson to have some sittings for her, to try
again to obtain the text of the famous letter.[42] At the sitting of
August 1, 1888, Dr Hodgson gave Phinuit a lock of Hannah Wild's hair.
Phinuit began by saying it was not her hair; he then recognised his
mistake, but said that someone else must have touched it. Then he gave a
new version of the letter. "This letter is concerned with an incident in
Hannah's former life," he affirmed. Then he dictated, "It's something
about Hannah's early history, that letter is. At one time I met a person
whom I loved. A circumstance in our affection changed my whole life. Had
it not been for this one thing I should have been married and happy.
Consequently I went into religious work, and did all the good I could.
Whoever reads this letter after I am gone will know why I remained
Hannah Wild...." Mrs Blodgett's comment on this text is very
interesting. She says, "This is not what my sister wrote on her
deathbed, but it is perfectly true. It was the great grief of sister's
life."
How could Phinuit guess this by simply touching a lock of hair? Can it
be that our feelings, our sorrows and joys, leave a persistent vibration
on the objects we touch, which sensitives can perceive after even a long
interval? Numerous and well-observed facts would almost compel us to
believe so. It would seem as if the vibrations of the soul imprinted
themselves on matter as sound waves are recorded on the cylinder of a
phonograph. Certain subjects, in an abnormal state, would be able to
recover them. There is, after all, nothing in this repugnant to science.
This abnormal state, which allows sensitives to apprehend past
vibrations, is perhaps only a partial abandonment of the body by the
spirit. In that case it would be easier to understand that those who,
like Phinuit, have entirely quitted their bodies, those who are in
another world, can read these vibrations as easily as we can read a
book. But if this is so, why does not Phinuit own it? It would be marvel
enough to satisfy his vanity. It would not, in any event, prevent his
obtaining information directly from disincarnated beings. But he ought
to state precisely in each case from what source he derives his
knowledge. He does nothing of the kind, and thus renders it almost
impossible for us to believe in his individuality.
At this same sitting Phinuit asserted that he would give the letter word
for word if he had a longer lock of hair. So Mrs Blodgett sent a longer
lock, which was given to him on October 3, 1888. The text he gave was as
incorrect as the preceding ones. A last effort was made in 1889, again
without result. Miss Hannah Wild has not come back from the other world
to tell us what she wrote on her death-bed.
I will end with another example which demonstrates Phinuit's cleverness
in reading people's minds even at a distance. On June 3, 1891,[43] Mrs
Blodgett wrote a letter to Phinuit. Dr Hodgson read it to him at a
sitting on the 15th of the same month. This drew from Phinuit the
following statement, which had nothing to do with the contents of the
letter: "She's been reading a funny book--a life of somebody. She called
on an old friend of Hannah's--somebody I told her to go and see. Mrs
Blodgett has a friend named Severance." Mrs Blodgett writes on June 17,
"Really Phinuit is doing wonderfully well as far as thought-transference
goes. Saturday night, June 13, I gave a talk to the Young Women's Rooms
about Helen Gardener's new book, _Is this your Son, my Lord?_" (On the)
"14th I did not go to see the friend in body, but I know my mind went,
and I wrote him the letter to ask him what Phinuit told me to do when
there." Mrs Blodgett adds:--"I had a friend named Severance, but sister
Hannah had never heard of him."
FOOTNOTES:
[39] _Proc. of S.P.R._, vol. viii. p. 69.
[40] _Proc. of S.P.R._, vol. viii. p. 75.
[41] Phinuit is speaking, but as he is supposed to be repeating Miss
Hannah Wild's words literally, it is easier to speak as if she were
speaking directly.
[42] _Proc. of S.P.R._, vol. viii. p. 78.
[43] _Proc. of S.P.R._, vol. viii. p. 83.