This study was supported by Macalester College, the New York Zoological
Society, the Minnesota Department of Conservation, the USDA Forest
Service, and the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Pilots
Robert Hodge, Pat Magie, John Winship, Jack Burgess, Don Murray, and
Walt Neumann aided substantially in obtaining jaws from wolf-killed
deer. Students from the Macalester College Biology Department and
personnel of the USDA Forest Service and the Minnesota Department of
Conservation helped secure mandibles from both wolf-killed and
hunter-killed deer. The interest of Mr. John E. Peninger and of many
deer hunters in contributing the jaws is also greatly acknowledged.
Mr. David W. Kuehn sectioned the incisors of the deer jaws and
determined their ages. Dr. Donald M. Barnes of the University of
Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory examined the abnormal lower
limbs, described their pathology, and provided photos of specimens used
herein.
Mr. Wallace C. Dayton and Miss Elizabeth Dayton and the
Quetico-Superior Foundation, all of Minneapolis, financed Mech during
the preparation of this paper.
The following individuals read the manuscript and offered many helpful
suggestions: Mr. R. L. Downing, Mr. C. W. Severinghaus, Mr. J. M. Peek,
Dr. C. T. Cushwa, Mr. M. H. Stenlund, and Dr. R. R. Ream.