Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Sankar Viswanathan and the
Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
Transcriber's Note:
Volume 1 may be found at https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/5/2/5/15255/
Excerpts from the Preface to the book from Volume 1,
regarding the method of transcription used.
"In the following pages I have occasion to transcribe words
belonging to many oriental languages in Latin characters.
Unfortunately a uniform system of transcription, applicable
to all tongues, seems not to be practical at present. It was
attempted in the Sacred Books of the East, but that system
has fallen into disuse and is liable to be misunderstood. It
therefore seems best to use for each language the method of
transcription adopted by standard works in English dealing
with each, for French and German transcriptions, whatever
their merits may be as representations of the original
sounds, are often misleading to English readers, especially
in Chinese. For Chinese I have adopted Wade's system as used
in Giles's Dictionary, for Tibetan the system of Sarat
Chandra Das, for Pali that of the Pali Text Society and for
Sanskrit that of Monier-Williams's Sanskrit Dictionary,
except that I write s instead of s. Indian languages however
offer many difficulties: it is often hard to decide whether
Sanskrit or vernacular forms are more suitable and in
dealing with Buddhist subjects whether Sanskrit or Pali
words should be used. I have found it convenient to vary the
form of proper names according as my remarks are based on
Sanskrit or on Pali literature, but this obliges me to write
the same word differently in different places, e.g.
sometimes Ajatasatru and sometimes Ajatasattu, just as in a
book dealing with Greek and Latin mythology one might employ
both Herakles and Hercules. Also many Indian names such as
Ramayana, Krishna, nirvana have become Europeanized or at
least are familiar to all Europeans interested in Indian
literature. It seems pedantic to write them with their full
and accurate complement of accents and dots and my general
practice is to give such words in their accurate spelling
(Ramayana, etc.) when they are first mentioned and also in
the notes but usually to print them in their simpler and
unaccented forms. I fear however that my practice in this
matter is not entirely consistent since different parts of
the book were written at different times."
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS [From Volume 1]
The following are the principal abbreviations used:
Ep. Ind. Epigraphia India.
E.R.E. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics (edited by Hastings).
I.A. Indian Antiquary.
J.A. Journal Asiatique.
J.A.O.S. Journal of the American Oriental Society.
J.R.A.S. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
P.T.S. Pali Text Society.
S.B.E. Sacred Books of the East (Clarendon Press).
HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM
AN HISTORICAL SKETCH
BY
SIR CHARLES ELIOT
In three volumes
VOLUME II
ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL LTD
Broadway House, 68-74 Carter Lane,
London, E.C.4.
_First published_ 1921
_Reprinted_ 1954
_Reprinted_ 1957
_Reprinted_ 1962
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY
LUND HUMPHRIES
LONDON - BRADFORD
CONTENTS
BOOK IV
THE MAHAYANA
CHAPTER
XVI. MAIN FEATURES OF THE MAHAYANA
XVII. BODHISATTVAS
XVIII. THE BUDDHAS or MAHAYANISM
XIX. MAHAYANIST METAPHYSICS
XX. MAHAYANIST SCRIPTURES
XXI. CHRONOLOGY OF THE MAHAYANA
XXII. FROM KANISHKA TO VASUBANDHU
XXIII. INDIAN BUDDHISM AS SEEN BY THE CHINESE PILGRIMS
XXIV. DECADENCE OF BUDDHISM IN INDIA
BOOK V
HINDUISM
XXV. SIVA AND VISHNU
XXVI. FEATURES OF HINDUISM: RITUAL, CASTE, SECT,
FAITH
XXVII. THE EVOLUTION OF HINDUISM. BHAGAVATAS AND
PASUPATAS
XXVIII. SANKARA. SIVAISM IN SOUTHERN INDIA. KASHMIR.
LlNGAYATS
XXIX. VISHNUISM IN SOUTH INDIA
XXX. LATER VISHNUISM IN NORTH INDIA
XXXI. AMALGAMATION OF HINDUISM AND ISLAM. KABIR
AND THE SIKHS
XXXII. SAKTISM
XXXIII. HINDU PHILOSOPHY
BOOK IV
THE MAHAYANA