THE MODERN CRIMINAL SCIENCE SERIES
Published under the Auspices of
THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINALITY
AND
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
BY
WILLIAM ADRIAN BONGER
of Amsterdam, Netherlands
TRANSLATED BY
HENRY P. HORTON
of Ithaca, New York
WITH AN EDITORIAL PREFACE BY
EDWARD LINDSEY
of the Warren, Pa., Bar
AND WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
FRANK H. NORCROSS
Justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada
Vice-President of The American Institute of Criminal Law
and Criminology
LONDON
WILLIAM HEINEMANN
CONTENTS
PAGE
General Introduction to the Modern Criminal Science Series xi
Editorial Preface by Edward Lindsey xv
Introduction by Frank H. Norcross xix
Translator’s Note xxiii
Preface to the American Edition xxvii
Preface to the Original Edition xxix
Introduction xxxi
PART ONE
CRITICAL EXPOSITION OF THE LITERATURE DEALING WITH THE RELATION
BETWEEN CRIMINALITY AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
CHAPTER I
THE PRECURSORS
AUTHORS WHO TREATED THE SUBJECT BEFORE THE BIRTH OF MODERN
CRIMINAL SCIENCE
I. Thomas More 1
II. Jean Meslier 7
III. J. J. Rousseau 8
IV. Morelly 9
V. C. Beccaria 10
VI. S. N. H. Linguet 10
VII. P. H. D. d’Holbach 13
VIII. G. B. de Mably 14
IX. J. P. Brissot de Warville 15
X. W. Godwin 18
XI. R. Owen 21
XII. E. Cabet 25
XIII. F. Engels 27