We must bring Uncle Bacchus's wife before our readers. She is a tall,
dignified, bright mulatto woman, named Phillis; it is with the qualities of
her heart and mind, rather than her appearance, that we have to do. Bayard
Taylor, writing from Nubia, in Upper Egypt, says:--"Those friends of the
African race, who point to Egypt as a proof of what that race has done, are
wholly mistaken. The only negro features represented in Egyptian sculpture
are those of the slaves and captives taken in the Ethiopian wars of the
Pharaohs. The temples and pyramids throughout Nubia, as far as Abyssinia,
all bear the hieroglyphics of these monarchs. There is no evidence in all
the valley of the Nile that the negro race ever attained a higher degree of
civilization than is at present exhibited in Congo and Ashantee. I mention
this, not from any feeling hostile to that race, but simply to controvert
an opinion very prevalent in some parts of the United States."
It seemed impossible to know Phillis without feeling for her sentiments of
the highest respect. The blood of the freeman and the slave mingled in her
veins; her well-regulated mind slowly advanced to a conclusion; but once
made, she rarely changed it.
Phillis would have been truly happy to have obtained her own freedom, and
that of her husband and children: she scorned the idea of running away, or
of obtaining it otherwise than as a gift from her owner. She was a firm
believer in the Bible, and often pondered on the words of the angel,
"Return and submit thyself to thy mistress." She had on one occasion
accompanied her master and Mrs. Weston to the North, where she was soon
found out by some of that disinterested class of individuals called
Abolitionists. In reply to the question, "Are you free?" there was but a
moment's hesitation; her pride of heart gave way to her inherent love of
truth, "I'll tell no lie," she answered; "I am a slave!"
"Why do you not _take_ your freedom?" was the rejoinder. "You are in a free
state; they cannot force you to the South, if you will take the offers we
make you, and leave your master."
"You are Abolitionists, I 'spose?" asked Phillis.
"We are," they said, "and we will help you off."
"I want none of your help," said Phillis. "My husband and children are at
home; but if they wasn't, I am an honest woman, and am not in the habit of
_taking_ any thing. I'll never _take_ my freedom. If my master would give
it to me, and the rest of us, I should be thankful. I am not going to begin
stealing, and I fifty years of age."
An eye-witness described the straightening of her tall figure, and the
indignant flashing of her eye, also the discomfited looks of her northern
friends.
I have somewhere read of a fable of Iceland. According to it, lost souls
are to be parched in the burning heat of Hecla, and then cast for ever to
cool in its never-thawing snows. Although Phillis could not have quoted
this, her opinions would have applied it. For some reason, it was evident
to her mind (for she had been well instructed in the Bible) that slavery
was from the first ordained as a curse. It might, to her high spirit, have
been like burning in the bosom of Hecla; but taking refuge among
Abolitionists was, from the many instances that had come to her knowledge,
like cooling in its never-thawing snows.
At the time that we introduced her to the reader, she was the mother of
twelve children. Some were quite young, but a number of them were grown,
and all of them, with the exception of one, (the namesake of his father,)
inherited their mother's energy of character. She had accustomed them to
constant industry, and unqualified obedience to her directions; and for
this reason, no one had found it necessary to interfere in their
management.
Pride was a large ingredient in Phillis's composition. Although her husband
presented one of the blackest visages the sun ever shone upon, Phillis
appeared to hold in small esteem the ordinary servants on the plantation.
She was constantly chiding her children for using their expressions, and
tried to keep them in the house with white people as much as possible, that
they might acquire good manners. It was quite a grief to her that Bacchus
had not a more genteel dialect than the one he used. She had a great deal
of family pride; there was a difference in her mind between family servants
and those employed in field labor. For "the quality" she had the highest
respect; for "poor white people" only a feeling of pity. She had some noble
qualities, and some great weaknesses; but as a _slave!_ we present her to
the reader, and she must be viewed as such.
Miss Janet was, in her eyes, perfection. Her children were all the better
for her kind instructions. Her youngest child, Lydia, a girl of six or
seven years old, followed the old lady everywhere, carrying her key and
knitting-basket, looking for her spectacles, and maintaining short
conversations in a confidential tone.
One of Phillis's chiefest virtues was, that she had been able to bring
Bacchus into subjection, with the exception of his love for an occasional
spree. Spoiled by an indulgent master, his conceit and wilfulness had made
him unpopular with the servants, though his high tone of speaking, and a
certain pretension in his manner and dress, was not without its effect. He
was a sort of patriarch among waiters and carriage-drivers; could tell
anecdotes of dinners where Washington was a guest; and had been familiar
with certain titled people from abroad, whose shoes he had had the honor of
polishing. The only person in whose presence he restrained his braggadocio
style was Phillis. Her utter contempt for nonsense was too evident.
Bacchus was the same size as his master, and often fell heir to his
cast-off clothes. A blue dress-coat and buff vest that he thus inherited,
had a great effect upon him, bodily and spiritually. Not only did he
swagger more when arrayed in them, but his prayers and singing were doubly
effective. He secretly prided himself on a likeness to Mr. Weston, but this
must have been from a confusion of mind into which he was thrown, by
constantly associating himself with Mr. Weston's coats and pantaloons.
He once said to Phillis, "You might know master was a born gentleman by de
way his clothes fits. Dey don't hang about him, but dey 'pears as if dey
had grow'd about him by degrees; and if you notice, dey fits me in de same
way. Pity I can't wear his shoes, dey's so soft, and dey don't creak. I
hates boots and shoes all time creakin, its so like poor white folks when
they get dressed up on Sunday. I wonders often Miss Anna don't send me none
of master's old ruffled shirts. 'Spose she thinks a servant oughtn't to
wear 'em. I was a wishin last Sunday, when I gin in my 'sperience in
meetin, that I had one of master's old ruffled shirts on. I know I could a
'scoursed them niggers powerful. Its a hard thing to wear a ruffled shirt.
Dey sticks out and pushes up to people's chins--I mean people dat aint born
to wear 'em. Master wears 'em as if he was born in 'em, and I could too. I
wish you'd put Miss Janet up to gittin one or two for me. Miss Janet's
mighty 'bliging for an ole maid; 'pears as if she liked to see even cats
happy. When an ole maid don't hate cats, there aint nothin to be feared
from 'em."
Phillis ruled her husband in most things, but she indulged him in all his
whims that were innocent. She determined he should have, not an old ruffled
shirt, but a new one. She reported the case to Miss Janet, who set two of
her girls to work, and by Saturday night the shirt was made and done up,
and plaited. Bacchus was to be pleasantly surprised by it next morning
appearing on the top of his chest.
It happened that on this identical Sunday, Bacchus had (as the best of men
will sometimes) got up wrong foot foremost, and not having taken the
trouble to go back to bed, and get up again, putting the right foot out
first, he continued in the same unhappy state of mind. He made, as was his
wont, a hasty toilet before breakfast. He wore an old shirt, and a pair of
pantaloons that did not reach much above his hips. One of his slippers had
no instep; the other was without a heel. His grizzly beard made him look
like a wild man of the woods; a certain sardonic expression of countenance
contributed to this effect. He planted his chair on its remaining hind leg
at the cabin door, and commenced a systematic strain of grumbling before he
was fairly seated in it.
"I believe in my soul," Phillis heard him say, "dat ole Aunt Peggy al'ars
gits up wrong on a Sabbath mornin. Will any one hear her coughin? My narves
is racked a listenin to her. I don't see what she wants to live for, and
she most a hundred. I believe its purpose to bother me, Sabbath mornins.
Here, Phillis, who's this bin here, diggin up my sweet-williams I
planted?--cuss dese children--"
"The children had nothing to do with it," said Phillis. "Master wanted some
roots to give to Mr. Kent and he asked me for 'em. I dug 'em up and they're
all the better for being thinned out."
"I wish master'd mind his own business, and not be pryin and pilferin 'bout
other people's gardens; givin my flowers to that yallow-headed Abolitioner.
I'll speak my mind to him about it, any how."
"You'd better," said Phillis, drily.
"I will so," said Bacchus; "I'd rather he'd a burned 'em up. Kent's so
cussed mean, I don't b'lieve he'd 'low his flowers ground to grow in if he
could help hisself. If Miss Nannie'd let him, he'd string them niggers of
hers up, and wallop their gizzards out of 'em. I hate these Abolitioners. I
knows 'em,--I knows their pedigree."
"Much you know about 'em," said Phillis, who was shaking the dew drops off
her "morning glory."
"I knows enuff of 'em--I reckon Miss Nannie do, about dis time. De ole
gentleman did right, any how, when he lef 'em all to her--if he hadn't, dat
feller would a sold 'em all off to Georgia 'fore this, and a runn'd off wid
de money."
"Well," said Phillis, "you'd better mind your own affairs; come in and eat
your breakfast, if you want any, for I aint going to keep it standin there
all day, drawing the flies."
Bacchus kicked his slippers off and stumbled into a chair beside the table.
"I'll swar," said he, after a glance at the fried ham and eggs, "if ever a
man had to eat sich cookin as dis. Why didn't you fry 'em a little more?"
Phillis not minding him, he condescended to eat them all, and to do justice
to the meal in general.
"The old fool," thought Phillis, amused and provoked; "talkin of master's
pilferin--never mind, I've put his ruffled shirt out, and he'll get in a
good humor when he sees it, I reckon."
Having finished his breakfast, Bacchus put an enormous piece of tobacco in
his mouth, and commenced sharpening a small-sized scythe, that he called a
razor. In doing so, he made a noise like a high-pressure steamboat, now and
then breathing on it, and going in a severe fit of coughing with every
extra exertion. On his table was a broken piece of looking-glass, on the
quicksilver side of which, Arthur had, when a child, drawn a horse. Into
this Bacchus gave a look, preparatory to commencing operations. Then, after
due time spent in lathering, he hewed down at each shave, an amount of
black tow that was inconceivable. After he had done, he gathered up his
traps, and stowed them away in the corner of his chest.
Phillis sat outside the door, smoking; looking in at the window,
occasionally, to observe the effect of the first sight of the new shirt.
She saw him turn toward the little red painted bureau, on which she had
laid out his clean clothes, starting with surprise and pleasure, when his
eye first took in the delightful vision. Cortez, when he stood conqueror of
Mexico, did not feel the glow of satisfaction that thrilled through
Bacchus's heart as he gently patted the plaited ruffles and examined the
wristbands, which were stitched with the utmost neatness. He got weak in
the knees with pleasure, and sat down on the chest in the corner, to
support with more ease this sudden accession of happiness, while his wife
was reaping a harvest of gratification at the success of her efforts toward
his peace of mind. All at once she saw a change pass over his visage.
Bacchus recollected that it would not do for him so suddenly to get into a
good humor; besides, he reflected it was no more than Phillis's duty to
make him ruffled shirts, and she ought to have been so doing for the last
twenty years. These considerations induced him not to show much pleasure on
the occasion, but to pretend he was not at all satisfied with the style and
workmanship of the article in question.
"Why, lord a massy," said he, "Phillis, what do you call dis here? t'aint a
shirt? at fust I thought 'twas one of Miss Janet's short night gowns you'd
been a doing up for her."
Phillis smoked on, looking inquiringly into the distant hills.
"Phillis, you don't mean me to wear dis here to meetin? T'aint fit. Dese
wristbands is made out o' cotton, and I b'lieves in my soul Aunt Peggy done
dis stitchin widout any spectacles."
Phillis knocked the ashes out of her pipe, and puffed on.
"Look here, Phillis," said Bacchus, going to the door as fast as the
uncertain condition of his pantaloons would allow him, "did you 'spose I
was sich a fool as to wear dis to meetin to-day?"
"Yes, I did," said Phillis.
"Why, t'aint fit for a nigger to hoe corn in, its as big as a hay-stack."
"Have you tried it on?" asked Phillis.
"T'aint no use," said Bacchus, "I can tell by de looks."
"I'm sorry you don't like it," said Phillis.
"Like it," said Bacchus, contemptuously, "why, if it twasn't for the
trouble of going to my chist, I'd wear one of my old ones. Cuss de ruffles,
I wish you'd cut 'em off."
Bacchus went in, and in due time made his appearance in full dress. He wore
the blue coat and buff vest, and a pair of white pantaloons, made after the
old style. His shoes were as bright as his eyes, and his hat dusted until
it only wanted an entire new nap to make it as good as new. His hair was
combed in a sort of mound in front, and the _tout ensemble_ was astounding.
He passed Phillis in a dignified way, as if she were a valuable cat that he
would not like to tread upon.
Phillis looked after him with a most determined expression of face. If she
had been made out of stone she could not have seemed more resolved. She got
up, however, soon after, and went in to arrange matters after her lord and
master.
Bacchus purposely passed Aunt Peggy's cabin, making her a stylish bow.
Peggy had taken off her handkerchief, to air her head, her hair standing
off every which way, appearing determined to take her up somewhere, the
point of destination being a matter of no consequence. She chuckled audibly
as she saw Bacchus.
"Look at dat ole fool now, wid dat ruffled shirt on; he's gwine to bust dis
blessed mornin. Look at de way he's got his wool combed up. I b'lieves in
my soul he's got somebody buried up thar. He's a raal ole peacock. Dat's
de way! 'Kase I'm ole and wuthless, no matter 'bout me; and dat ole nigger
'lowed to make a fool of hisself, dressin up drunk in a ruffled shirt. No
matter, I'll be dead and out of der way, fore long."
Bacchus prayed with great effect this morning, calling himself and the
whole congregation the most dreadful names, with the utmost satisfaction.
He made a short address too, warning the servants against sin in general,
and a love of finery in particular. On his return he beamed forth upon
Phillis like one of her own "morning glories." The rest of the day he was
brimful of jokes and religion.
The next Sunday came around. Phillis smoked outside while Bacchus made his
toilet.
"Phillis," said the old fellow, blandly, coming to the door, "I don't see
my ruffled shirt out here."
"High" said Phillis, "I laid your shirt with the rest; but I'll look. Here
it is," said she, pleasantly, "jest where I put it."
"Why, whar's the ruffles?"
"I cut 'em off," said Phillis; "you asked me to."
Bacchus got weak in the knees again, and had to sit down on the old chest.
Not a word escaped his lips; a deep sigh burst from the pent-up boiler of
his remorse. With an agonized countenance he seized a piece of rag which he
had used as a shaving towel, and wiped away a repentant tear. His soul was
subdued within him. He went to meeting, but declined officiating in any
capacity, pleading a pain in his stomach as an excuse. At dinner he found
it impossible to finish the remaining quarter of a very tough old rooster
Phillis had stuffed and roasted for him. At sundown he ate a small-sized
hoe-cake and a tin pan of bonnyclabber; then observing "That he believed he
was put into dis world for nothing but to have trouble," he took to his
bed.
Phillis saw that he would be more docile for the rest of his life; for a
moment, the thought of restoring the shirt to its original splendor
occurred to her, but she chased it away as if it had been a fox, and took
the greatest satisfaction in "having given the old fool a lesson that would
last him all the days of his life."
"To you, generous and noble-minded men and women of the South, I appeal, (I
quote the words of a late writer on Abolitionism, when I say,) Is _man_
ever a creature to be trusted with wholly irresponsible power? Can anybody
fail to make the inference, what the practical result will be?"[A] Although
she is here speaking of slavery _politically_, can you not apply it to
matrimony in this miserable country of ours? Can we not remodel our
husbands, place them under our thumbs, and shut up the escape valves of
their grumbling forever? To be sure, St. Paul exhorts "wives to be obedient
to their own husbands," and "servants to be obedient to their own masters,"
but St. Paul was not an Abolitionist. He did not take into consideration
the necessities of the free-soil party, and woman's _rights_. This is the
era of mental and bodily emancipation. Take advantage of it, wives and
negroes! But, alas for the former! there is no society formed for _their_
benefit; their day of deliverance has not yet dawned, and until its first
gleamings arise in the _east_, they must wear their chains. Except when
some strong-minded female steps forth from the degraded ranks, and asserts
her position, whether by giving loose to that unruly member the tongue, or
by a piece of management which will give "an old fool a lesson that will
last him all the days of his life."