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FOOTNOTES:
[1] York Epis. Reg. Wickwane, f. 79 (Surtees Soc. vol. cxiv. ed. Brown,
p. 290).
[2] York Epis. Reg. Kempe, f. 37 _d_.
[3] Viz., Harworth, Lowdham, East and West Markham, Walesby, and North
Wheatley. These, before they were granted to Westminster, were regarded
as members of the free chapel in Tickhill castle.
[4] The dean and chapter held the churches of Edwinstowe and Orston.
The dean was parson of Mansfield and South Leverton. The chancellor
held the church of Stoke-by-Newark as a prebend; and the churches of
North Clifton, Farndon with Balderton, and South Searle formed separate
prebends.
[5] The churches belonging to this body are mentioned below. The
dean and chapter of York held East Drayton, Laneham, Misterton, and
Sturton-le-Steeple. Bole and Habblesthorpe were prebends in York
minster.
[6] _Memorials of Old Lincolnshire_, 1911, pp. 53–80 (“Saxon
Churches in Lincolnshire”).
[7] The two western responds of the Norman presbytery are _in
situ_.
[8] The arches, however, were probably not turned until some advance
had been made with the nave. The capitals of the eastern piers are much
earlier in character than those of the western.
[9] The aisles were probably set out before the nave arcades were
begun, but the walls were not raised till later.
[10] The best and most refined example of twelfth-century sculpture
in the county is the font at Lenton. This, however, hardly comes
within the scope of architecture; the same thing may be said of the
pre-Conquest coffin-lid at Hickling.
[11] Marnham was appropriated to the Knights Templars, and passed on
their suppression to the Hospitallers.
[12] The church was not appropriated to Peterborough till long after
the thirteenth century. The licence bears date 1499, 20 April (Pat. 14
Hen. vii., pt. 2).
[13] _E.g._ at Sherburn-in-Elmet and Campsall.
[14] It should also be noted that the west front and towers at Ripon
were added at this period to Archbishop Roger’s aisleless nave there.
[15] The same arrangement is found in the eastern bay of each aisle.
[16] At the same time, it may be noted that the elevation of the quire
at Southwell appears to owe something to western, rather than northern
influence.
[17] For reasons determining this date, see _Memorials of Old
Lincolnshire_, pp. 144, 145.
[18] Thomas Dalton, consecrated 1294, 10th Oct. (Stubbs, _Registrum
Sacrum Anglicanum_, 2nd ed., 1897, p. 68).
[19] The corbel-table of carved heads below the parapet should be
noticed. This feature is very usual in the neighbouring county of
Leicester.
[20] He was a Leicestershire man by birth, but was related to William
of Rotherfield, dean of York, and to Archbishop Walter de Gray. He was
a prebendary of York, was beneficed in more than one place in York
diocese, and was master of St. Leonard’s hospital at York.
[21] Licence bears date 1316, 4th Aug. (Pat. 10 Edw. II., pt. 1, m.
31). The actual appropriation, however, did not take place until
1349, by deed of 28th March in that year (York Epis. Reg. Zouche,
ff. 124 _d._, 125). A vicarage was ordained on 24th September
(_ibid._, f. 141).
[22] The north chapel of the chancel was “newly built” by 23rd Oct.
1325. See Pat. 19 Edw. II. pt. 1, m. 20, and _cf._ m. 12. See
_Vict. Hist. Notts._ ii. 150–52, and Dugdale (ed. Caley, &c.) vi.
1369, 1370.
[23] See Pat. 21 Edw. III. pt. 3, m. 10 (20th Nov. 1347). There is much
in common between the window-tracery at Beckingham and that in the
chapel east of the north transept at Southwell.
[24] Licence bears date 1343, 10th July (Pat. 17 Edw. III. pt. 2, m.
31).
[25] A chantry was founded in Heckington church by licence bearing date
1311, 28 April (Pat. 4 Edw. II. pt. 2, m. 17). Rebuilding may have been
begun by that time. The founder was presented to the rectory in 1309–10.
[26] H. B. M’Call, _Richmondshire Churches_, 1910, has dealt at
length with this group of Yorkshire chancels.
[27] Licence bears date 1337, 2nd Sept. (Pat. 11 Edw. III. pt. 3 m. 39).
[28] The account of Newark Church, by T. M. Blagg, F.S.A., in his
valuable handbook to Newark, Hawton, and Holme, contains a plan of the
building, and traces its architectural development very clearly.
[29] This chronology is indicated by internal evidence. It follows a
very usual method of rebuilding, in which the aisles were first built
outside the older nave, and the new nave begun when they were finished.
Thus the old fabric was kept in use as long as possible.
[30] A large number of licences occur on the Edw. III. Pat. Rolls.
Fourteen chantry priests are enumerated in Chantry Certificates, Roll
13 (14–27); fifteen in Roll 37 (48 b-p).
[31] The licence for the foundation of Richard Willoughby’s chantry at
Willoughby bears date 1324, 16 Nov. (Pat. 18 Edw. II. pt. 1, m. 8). See
also Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (1); 37 (18).
[32] Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (43 c); 37 (106 a^2). In Roll 13 the
altar is said to be of our Lady and St. Cuthbert. It seems to have been
originally dedicated to our Lady of Grace.
[33] Licence bears date 1476, 24 Oct. (Pat. 16 Edw. IV. pt. 1, m. 6);
Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (3); 37 (14).
[34] See Blagg, _Guide to Newark_, &c., p. 85, for the evidence.
No licence exists.
[35] Licence bears date 1470, 13 Dec. (Pat. 49 Hen. VI. m. 16); Chantry
Certificates, Roll 13 (50); 37 (3).
[36] Licences of 1351, 6 Nov. (Pat. 25 Edw. III. pt. 3, m. 16) and
1356–57, 8 Feb. (Pat. 31 Edw. III. pt. 1, m. 25); Chantry Certificates,
Roll 13 (36, 37); 37 (71 a, b). See also Dugdale, vi. 1370.
[37] For the chantry here, see Chantry Certificates, Roll 13 (4), 37
(25).
[38] “The master of the infirmary ought to have mass celebrated daily
for the sick, either by himself or by some other person, should they
in any wise be able to come into the chapel; but if not he ought to
take his stool and missal and reverently at their bedsides make the
memorials of the day, of the Holy Spirit, and of Our Lady; and if they
cannot sing the canonical hours for themselves, he ought to sing them
for them, and frequently in the spirit of gentleness repeat to them
words of consolation, of patience, and of hope in God; read to them,
for their consolation, lives of Saints; conceal from them all evil
rumours; and in no wise distress them when they are resting” (Willis
Clark, _Customs of the Augustinian Canons_, 205).
[39] _Narratives of the Reformation_, p. 35. (Camden Society.)
[40] These notes as to the haunting of the priory are taken from Mr.
Whitworth’s memoranda.
[41] There seems to be no doubt that the relief of the county, except
for the deep Vale of Trent, was then similar to what it is now, but it
has been considerably lowered by denudation.
[42] Upon the wall of a house in Girton village there is the following
record by G. Porter:--
Slit painted
. black.
^ +--------------------------+ .
| | |.
. | FEB. 14, 1795 .|
. +--------------------------+.......3 ft. above
. ^ | | level of
1 ft. 4 ins. | OCT. 24, 1875 | street.
. ^ v +--------------------------+
. | | |
. . | |
. 8½ ins. | |
. . | |
| | | NOV. 20, 1852 |
v v +--------------------------+
| |
| _When this you see |
| Pray think of me._ |
| G. P. |
+--------------------------+
[43] From account in a local journal, 1875.
[44] _The Nottingham Evening Post_, December 5, 1910.
[45] For further details on the above subject see articles by the
author in the _Geographical Journal_ for May 1910, and the
_Transactions of the Thoroton Society_ for 1910, from which the
above article has been largely compiled. Other references may be found
in the publications of the Geological Survey, in Wake’s _History of
Collingham_, Brown’s _History of Newark_, Rastall’s (Dickinson)
_History of the Antiquities of Newark_, Padley’s _Fens and
Floods of Mid-Lincolnshire_, _The Victoria County History of
Nottingham_, _The Nottingham Borough Records_, &c., &c.
[46] Cox’s _Royal Forests of England_, pp. 219–20.
[47] The inns and public-houses of Nottinghamshire of to-day reflect
in a remarkable manner its former close connection with the forest
and the chase, especially throughout the Sherwood Forest half of the
county. There are three Red Harts (one of them absurdly corrupted into
Red Heart), eleven White Harts, one White Hind, one Stag, two Horse
and Stag, and two Horse and Pheasant. As to hounds, there are nine
Greyhounds, three Talbots, and eight Foxhounds. The monarch trees of
Sherwood Forest are commemorated in two Greendale Oaks, a Major Oak,
a Parliament Oak, and twenty-two Royal Oaks. There are three Forest
Taverns, one Forest Grove, a Foresters’ Arms, and two Royal Foresters.
It is also worth while to note that there are twelve Robin Hoods, and
two Robin Hood and Little Johns.
[48] Cox, _English Monasteries_, pp. 78–79.
[49] Between 1684 and 1689, Edward Mellish, proprietor of the
confiscated estate of the Priory, built himself a pew in the north
aisle, “cutting pier and capital and window in the most wanton manner,
taking up one entire arch of the nave with his steps,” and “projecting
his pew far in advance into the nave through another arch.” There is
now no sign of this pew, but it would seem to have been identical with
the “private gallery” referred to by Raine in 1860.
[50] Probably Rowland Hacker.
[51] On August 2 Welbeck had surrendered to the Earl of Manchester, who
was marching south after the victory at Marston Moor.
[52] As Sidnaceaster was annexed by Offa to the short-lived Lichfield
Archbishopric (787–803), the whole of Nottinghamshire must have
belonged to that province during these years; but as under Ceolwulf the
condition of affairs before 787 was restored, this does not affect the
question.
[53] _A.S. Chron._ (ed. Earle and Plummer, p. 68).
[54] See _Thomas of York_, an essay by W. E. Hodgson.
[55] Vide _Trans. of Thoroton Society_, vol. i. (1897), p. 44, and
_The Church Times_ (Jan. 11, 1900), p. 51.