say precisely how this trust came to be varied and increased, though
from the House of Commons Journals (see p. 160) it can be conjectured
almost to a certainty to have been as follows:--Within twelve years
from the date of the original grant (say in 1658) the Company returned
the £300 to Alderman Arris, and he thereupon settled upon them a rent
charge, not of £24 as he had promised to do, but of £30 per annum
payable out of some of his houses. He seems however, subsequently,
to have had good reason to believe that his only son and heir, Dr.
Thomas Arris, M.P., would give the Company trouble in the matter of the
settlement, and so, on the 29th February, 1676, he requested that his
deed of grant might be given up to him cancelled, and that he should
in return give the Company £510 absolutely and free from any trust,
save only an honorable understanding that the Anatomy Lectures should
be continued. This was done, and after his death (which happened 28th
May, 1676) the Company were involved in a Chancery suit with Dr. Thomas
Arris who endeavoured, though unsuccessfully, to recover possession of
the £510.
17th July, 1646. Whereas 300{li} hath bin worthily given to this
House for the Discharge of all expences to be layd out in and about
a publique Anathomy to be henceforth had yearely for ever Betweene
the ffeaste of Michaelmas and Christmas in every yeare And for
that Doctor Prudjon who formerly read the Anatomicall Lectures
hath desired to be excused from reading the Lectures on the next
Anathomyes to be dissected betweene Michaelmas and Christmas next
This Court doth think fitt That Doctor Wright be desired to performe
the same And that the M{rs} of the Anatomy for the time being When
the said Anatomy shalbe dissected do alwayes in theire severall &
respective times of M{rs} of Anatomy dissect the said Anatomy And
this Court doth thinke fitt That the dissection of the said Anatomy
be of the Muscles of the Body But that the manner thereof be left to
the Judgement of the Reader and the Dissectors.
21st September, 1646. Our M{r} acquainting the Court that Doctor
Prudjon and divers other learned Physitions have recõmended Doctor
[John] Goddard as a Man well qualifyed and very able to reade the
Anatomicall Lectures This Court doth Order That Doctor Prudjon be
requested to performe the Lectures On the next publique Anatomy
himselfe But if he shall Deny it That then Doctor Goddard Or such
other as Doctor Prudjon shall thinke more fitt be desired to read the
Lectures.
23rd October, 1646. This Court doth Order That all the approved
Chirurgeons according to Law shall appeare at all publique Anatomyes
for the time to come in a fflatt Capp upon the penalty of 3{s} 4{d}
and all the rest of the Livery in a Hatt.
24th December, 1646. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe Order That
the M{rs} or Governours and Assistants nor any of them Nor any of
the M{rs} or Stewards of Anathomy doe invite or enterteyne any
Guest at any of the Three Dinners to be had within this Hall at the
next publique Anatomy Or at any other publique Anathomy betweene
Michaelmas and Christmas in any yeare hereafter But doth consent &
Order That Doctor Prudjon be invited to the said Dinners Anything
aforesaid to the contrary Notwithstanding.
7th January, 1647. Whereas this Court is well satisfyed That Doctor
Prudjon is desireous to be excused from reading the next Anatomicall
Lectures This Court doth Order That Doctor Goddard be desired to
performe the same.
15th February, 1647. This Court doth thinke fitt and soe Order That
the Tuesday Lectures be againe revived and read by Chirurgeons
ffreemen of this Company in their turnes according to theire
authority[226] in the Livery. The eldest Assistant Chirurgeon to read
the first Lecture and that to be On the first Tuesday in May next and
the other to be from thence monethly and noe oftner viz{t} The ffirst
Tuesday in evˀy moneth Provided Nevertheles That when as any such
Tuesday shall not be within the time lymitted in and by an Order of
a Court of Assistants of ix{th} August 1632 in that behalfe Or shall
happen to be on any the dayes thereby excepted That then every such
Tuesday be noe Lecture day.
[226] A clerical mistake for “antiquity,” _i.e._, precedence.
The order of the 9th August, 1632, above referred to, was as follows--
ALSOE this daye this Court for removeing of uncerteinties & setling
of one certeyne course and forme for Courts to be kept on y{r}
Tuesdayes in every yeare doe now upon deliberac͠on had, order that
from henceforth for ever hereafter there shalbe Lectures reade &
Courts held in the Comon Hall of this Companie at such dayes and
times in every yeare annually as hereafter followeth viz{t} on
every Tuesdaye w{ch} shalbe betwixt Michaelmas daye and the Tenth
daye of December, On every Tuesdaye betwixt the ffeast of Epiphanie
and Palme Sondaye, on every Tuesdaye betwixt Easter holydayes and
Rogac͠on weeke, on every Tuesdaye betwixt Whitesonday holydayes and
the last daye of Julye. Provided alwayes that if it shall happen any
of the aforesaid Tuesdayes to fall out to be either on a holydaye or
one a holydayes Eve That then every such Tuesdaye to be noe Court
or Lecture daye Provided alsoe that the Tuesdaye in the weeke next
before the Lord Maio{rs} daye and the Tuesdaye in the weeke next
before the Publiqe discection of Anatomye and alsoe Shrove tuesdaye
to be noe Court dayes.
29th March, 1647. This Court doth explaine the Order of the last
Court of Assistants (15th February 1647) concerneing the Tuesday
Lectures That it is the meaneing of this Court and this Court doth
accordingly Order That the said Lectures be read aswell by the
ancient M{rs} Chirurgeons and Examiners in theire course as by any
others.
23rd September, 1647. This Court takeing notice that Doctor Prudjon
desireth to be excused from reading the next Anatomicall Lectures
to be had betweene Michaelmas and Christmas next But wilbe ready
hereafter to serve the Company in that kind Doth therefore freely
chuse Doctor Nurse for the reading these Lectures and Doth order That
our Clerke doth attend him and desire his answer therein And this
Court doth further Order That the present Masters of Anathomy may
dissect the first publique Anathomy and in the meane time may have a
private Body.
11th January, 1648. This Court at the Suite and request of M{r}
Daniell Worrall M{r} William Molins M{r} Thomas Woodall and M{r}
Thorpe Chirurgeons of the Cloathing of this Company Doth grant
That they or any of them joyneing the M{rs} & Stewards of Anathomy
privately desect in the Com̃on Hall of this Company and not elsewhere
a humane Body executed as a Malefactour that they or any of them
may procure ffor the bettering theire Judgement and Skill in
Anatomy, Provided That they at theire owne proper Costs doe defray
and disburse All the Necessary & accustomed Charges ffees & Duties
belonging to a private Anathomy.
14th January, 1648. This Court doth Order That there be a publique
Anathomy this yeare and doth chuse and desire Doctor Nurse to read
these Lectures and inasmuch as Doctor Prudeon doth desire to be
excused ffrom reading hereafter this Court doth Choose Doctor Nurse
to be the constant Anatomicall Reader to this Company.
8th October, 1649. This Court taking into considerac͠on severall
worthy Physicians of whome one might be elected Reader of the
Anatomicall Lectures at the publique dissections of this Company Doe
thinke fitt That Doctor Scarborough be elected thereunto Who being
desired to come to this Court appeared during the sitting thereof
and declared himselfe very willing to performe the same and rendered
thanks to this Court for their good opinions of him.
We have at the Hall a fine portrait of Dr. Sir Charles Scarborough with
Alderman Arris engaged upon an Anatomy.
Dr. Scarborough was elected Anatomical Reader on the 12th October, 1649.
23rd October, 1649. The periodical lectures by the Surgeons of the
Company, which had again fallen through of late, were ordered to be
revived, and there is a long minute on the subject at this date.
27th February, 1663. Samuel Pepys records, under this date:--
About 11 o’clock Commissioner Pet and I walked to Chyrurgeon’s Hall,
we being all invited thither, and promised to dine there, where we
were led into the Theatre; and by and by comes the reader, D{r}
Tearne,[227] with the Master and Company, in a very handsome manner:
and all being settled, he begun his lecture; and his discourse being
ended, we had a fine dinner and good learned company, many Doctors of
Phisique, and we used with Extraordinary great respect.
[227] Christopher Terne, of Leyden, M.D., originally of Cambridge,
and Fellow of the College of Physicians. Ob. 1673.
30th June, 1698. Ord{rd} that there bee an Anatomy Lecture called
Gales Anatomy. D{r} [Clopton] Havers & D{r} Hands being put in
nominac͠on for reading of the same D{r} Havers was choosen for three
yeares & to read on the second Tuesday Wednesday and Thursday in
July next by three of the clock in the afternoone & to have thirty
shillings for his paines & the remainder to bee disposed of by the
Com̃itte.
14th December, 1699. Ord{rd} the two D{rs.} Readers to this Society
for the future shall bee elected for noe longer terme then fower
yeares onely at one time Ord{rd} by the Court that D{r} [E.] Tyson
have liberty to lay downe [his office].
D{r} Hans & D{r} Havers were put in nominac͠on for Reader of
the Ventera Lecture in the roome of D{r} Tyson, D{r} Hans was chosen
for fower yeares.
22nd April, 1708. Dr. Colebrooke and Dr. Thomas Wadsworth put in
nomination for Reader of the Osteology Lecture (Gale’s foundation),
when Dr. Wadsworth was elected for four years.
16th August, 1711. Then the Court proceeded to the Elecc͠on of
Readers for the Muscular Ventor & Osteology lectures D{r} [Richard]
Mead D{r} ffreind & D{r} Wadsworth the present Readers were
unanimously chosen Readers of the said severall Lectures for the four
ensuing years.
17th July, 1712. D{r} John ffreind was unanimously Chosen Reader of
the Muscular Lecture. And D{r} Comer [? H. Colmer] was Chosen Reader
of the Venter Lecture for the next 4 yeares ensueing.
1st October, 1712. Dr. Henry Plumtree and Dr. Douglas put in nomination
for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (Arris’s foundation) in the room of
Dr. Meade, when Dr. Plumtree was elected for four years.
Dr. J. Douglas and Dr. Wadsworth put in nomination for Reader of the
Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Wadsworth was elected for four years.
15th December, 1715. Dr. Douglas and Dr. Marmaduke Giles put in
nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Douglas was
elected for four years.
Dr. William Wagstaffe and Dr. Hezekias Jones put in nomination for
Reader of the Viscera Lecture, when Dr. Wagstaffe was elected for four
years.
13th March, 1717. Dr. W. Barrowby and Dr. Stewart put in nomination for
Reader of the Ostelogy Lecture, when Dr. Barrowby was elected for four
years.
6th November, 1717. Dr. Douglas resigned the Readership of the Muscular
Lecture, on account of a difference with the Masters of Anatomy, and
Dr. Plumtree was chosen in his place.
18th August, 1720. Dr. Wagstaffe and Dr. Barrowby put in nomination for
Reader of the Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Wagstaffe was elected for four
years.
Dr. Barrowby and Dr. Thomas Jewrin put in nomination for Reader of the
Viscera Lecture, when Dr. Barrowby was elected for four years.
Dr. Jewrin and Dr. W. Rutty put in nomination for Reader of the
Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Jewrin was elected for four years.
30th October, 1721. Dr. Jewrin and Dr. Charles Bale put in nomination
for Reader of the Viscera Lecture (_vice_ Dr. Barrowby resigned), when
Dr. Jewrin was elected.
Dr. C. Bale and Dr. W. Rutty put in nomination for Reader of the
Osteology Lecture (_vice_ Jewrin), when Dr. Bale was elected.
29th March, 1722. Dr. Bale being in France, and unable to return for
five months, Dr. Rutty and Dr. Sisterton were put in nomination for
Reader of the Osteology Lecture, when Dr. Rutty was elected.
20th August, 1724. Dr. Jewrin and Dr. Rutty put in nomination for
Reader of the Muscular Lecture in place of Dr. Wagstaffe, when Dr.
Jewrin was elected for four years.
Dr. Rutty and Dr. Robert Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of the
Viscera Lecture (_vice_ Jewrin), when Dr. Rutty was elected for four
years.
Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. John Deodate put in nomination for Reader of the
Osteology Lecture (_vice_ Rutty), when Dr. Deodate was elected for four
years.
6th June, 1727. Dr. E Wilmott and Dr. Goldsmith put in nomination for
Reader of the Osteology Lecture (_vice_ Deodate deceased), when Dr.
Willmott was elected.
15th August, 1728. Dr. Rutty and Dr. Wilmott put in nomination for
Reader of the Muscular Lecture (_vice_ Jewrin), when Dr. Rutty was
elected.
Dr. Wilmott and Dr. Lawrence Martell put in nomination for Reader of
the Viscera Lecture (_vice_ Rutty), when Dr. Wilmott was elected.
Dr. Martell and Dr. Goldsmith put in nomination for Reader of the
Osteology Lecture (_vice_ Wilmott), when Dr. Martell was elected.
7th April, 1730. Dr. Goldsmith and Dr. Watts put in nomination for
Reader of the Osteology Lecture (_vice_ Martell resigned), when Dr.
Goldsmith was elected.
13th August, 1730. Dr. Goldsmith and Dr. Francis Nicholls put in
nomination for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (_vice_ Rutty deceased),
when Dr. Goldsmith was elected.
Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of of the
Viscera Lecture (_vice_ Wilmott resigned), when Dr. Nicholls was
elected.
Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. Watts put in nomination for Reader of the Osteology
Lecture (_vice_ Goldsmith), when Dr. Nesbitt was elected.
Mr. Joshua Symmonds was chosen Demonstrator or Teacher of Anatomy for
three years.
5th March, 1731. Mr. Symmonds resigned through ill-health, and Mr.
Edward Nourse and Mr. John Belchier being put in nomination, Mr. Nourse
was elected.
17th August, 1732. Dr. Nesbitt and Dr. Guy Ruffiniac put in nomination
for Reader of the Muscular Lecture (_vice_ Goldsmith deceased), when
Dr. Nesbitt was elected.
Dr. Ruffiniac was elected Reader of the Osteology Lecture (_vice_
Nesbitt).
5th March, 1734. Mr. Nourse resigned the place of Demonstrator of
Anatomy.
15th August, 1734. Mr. Abraham Chovett and Mr. Peter Maccullock were
chosen Demonstrators of Anatomy.
17th September, 1734. A lengthy set of regulations for the conduct of
the Demonstrations of Anatomy is entered on the minutes of this date.
17th July, 1735. Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Owen put in nomination for Reader
of the Osteology Lecture (_vice_ Ruffiniac resigned) when Dr. Nicholls
was elected.
19th August, 1736. Mr. Abraham Chovett resigned his place as
Demonstrator of Anatomy, and Mr. Peter Maccullock and Mr. Cæsar Hawkins
were elected Demonstrators.
Dr. Nicholls and Dr. Nesbitt put in nomination for Reader of the
Muscular Lecture, when Dr. Nicholls was elected.
Dr. Nicholls was also elected Reader of the Osteology Lecture.
7th December, 1738. Dr. R. Banks was elected Reader of the Viscera
Lecture.
16th August, 1739. Mr. Peter Maccullock elected Demonstrator of
Anatomy, which office he held until his death.
10th July, 1744. Mr. W. Bromfield elected Demonstrator of Anatomy
(_vice_ Maccullock, deceased).
* * * * *
The following Will of Charles Whyte (Warden in 1535 and 1542) is
interesting, as it furnishes a partial list of the books and belongings
of a Barber-Surgeon in Henry VIII’s time.
The Will is dated 3rd July, 1544, and by it testator desires to be
buried in St. Paul’s Church Yard. He gives 20{d.} to St. Martins
Ludgate, where he dwelt, for tithes forgotten--
Also I bequeathe to the Masters Wardens and felowsshipp of the
barbo{r} surgons for theyr payne to com to my buryeng vj{s.} viij{d.}
To Thomas Wanlon poticary my beste Gowne furryd wyth black bugge.
Also I bequeathe to Nicholas Archepolle[228] the Surgion twoo books
of surgery thone ys borded and coverd wyth yelowe lether and ys
named John of Ardren being wryten hande wyth Divers pictures And
thother book being coveryd wyth black lether having on thone syde
the armes of England wyth a rose paynted and one thother syde the
armes of England and spayne being wryten hand. Also I bequeathe to
John Colman that was my prentyce my great black boke borded and
coveryd wyth black lether wher in is the boke of the harball and the
shepardes kalender wyth divers other bookꝭ Also I bequeathe to M{r}
John Woodwarde my best gowne furryd with foynes and to Mrẽs Margaret
Woodwarde his wif a gold ring with a turkes[229] that was Wyllyam
Taylours or els fourty shillingꝭ in money. Also I bequeathe to Robert
Clerk my kynsman six barbours basins of latyn Item a kettyl wyth a
cock in yt to wasshe heddes wyth,[230] a great pott of latyn. It̃.
a nother great pott of pañ mettell wyth a cock in the botom, three
barbours chayres, a lowe chest wyth holes in the cofer . . . . Also
I bequeathe to Robert Clerk and Wyllyam his brother all my bokes of
surgery and physyck equally to be devided betwene them yf so be they
wyll study the science of surgery. Also . . . all my instruments
being made of Iron, style,[231] coper, and brasse which belongethe to
the science of surgery.
[228] Probably, Nicholas Archenbold (Warden 1564, &c.).
[229] Query “turquoise.”
[230] A primitive appliance for shampooing.
[231] Steel.
[Illustration]
[Illustration: UPPER WARDEN’S GARLAND. MIDDLE WARDEN’S GARLAND.]
WARDENS’ AND OTHER ACCOUNTS.
The Great Book of Wardens’ Accounts has unfortunately been kept in a
damp place, and the earlier portion of it is severely damaged. The
cover still indicates the elaboration of the bookbinder’s art, being
stamped in patterns with the portcullis fleur de lys and Tudor rose;
opposite what is left of the first page is a magnificently painted
achievement of the Company’s arms on vellum, but this unhappily, is
damaged.
The first page has rotted almost entirely away, leaving only the upper
left hand corner, on which there is an initial letter T illuminated in
the highest style of art, though this is also seriously damaged.
The accounts commence with those for the year 1603, the first few pages
are worn away, pages 7 to 36 are but slightly damaged, whilst the
remainder of this huge book is quite perfect and abounds with quaint
and artistic initial letters.
The following is the reduced initial letter for the year 1610-11.
[Illustration]
1603. The Wardens account for quarterage received by them amounting to
£4 17_s._ 6_d._, this quarterage was 2_s._ for each freeman, though
some did not pay, and others had only paid 6_d._ or 1_s._
£5 was received for the admission of six foreign brethren.
Twenty-five freemen were admitted, who paid 3_s._ 4_d._ each on
presentation.
Eighty-nine apprentices were bound, each paying 2_s._ 6_d._
The receipts for the rents from the Company’s tenants follow, viz.:--
£ _s._ _d._
Holborn Bridge (14 tenements) 29 4 0
Conyhope Lane (Grocers’ Hall Court) 8 0 0
Walbrook (2 tenants) 15 0 0
Tower Street 5 0 0
Mugwell Street (4 tenants) 11 13 4
East Smithfield (13 tenants) 28 14 0
Swanne Alley (5 tenants) 17 6 8
Old Bailey 1 0 0
--------------
£115 18 0
==============
The following is a verbatim copy of the remainder of this year’s
accounts, and will serve as a fair specimen for the other years.
1603.--The said Accomptants doe aske allowance for moneys by them
defrayed w{th}in the tyme of this pˀsent accompt by the handes of
M{r} Edward Rodes Second Governor afores{d} for ordenary as [well as]
extraordinary Expences as hereafter ensueth viz{t.}--
~Ordinarie~ expenses.
~Inprimis~ payd for the Awdit dinner vj{li}
Itm̃ paid to the Butler for his fee then iij{s} iiij{d}
Itm̃ paid to the Cock for dressinge of nyne
messe of meate then ix{s}
Itm̃ paid to the Laundres then v{s}
Itm̃ paid to the Porter for his attendance xij{d}
Itm̃ paid for the view dinner xl{s}
Itm̃ paid to the Carpinter & Bricklayer
then[232] iij{s}
Itm̃ paid to the Stewardꝭ of the Maior’s
feast vj{li}
Itm̃ paid to the Cock for dressinge of 14
messes of meate then xviij{s} viij{d}
Itm̃ paid to the Butler then v{s}
Itm̃ paid to the Laundresse then v{s}
Itm̃ paid for the hyre of o’ Bardge iij{li}
Itm̃ paid to the Clark & Sexton of the
Churche of Garlick Hythe when the
Company toke barge xij{d}
Itm̃ paid for rushes & small cord iij{s}
Itm̃ paid to the Croner[233] for his fee vj{s} viij{d}
Itm̃ geven to the Bardgemen in reward ij{s} vj{d}
Itm̃ paid for the Companyes seats in
Powles[234] v{s}
Itm̃ paid to the Lo: Maiors officer for
his fee x{s}
Itm̃ paid to ffrancꝭ Rowdon[235] for his fee
pˀ Ann x{li}
Itm̃ paid to the Porter for his fee pˀ Ann xxvj{s} viij{d}
Itm̃ paid him more in augmentac͠on of his fee xl{s}
Itm̃ paid to John a Lee for his yerely penc͠on lxij{s}
Itm̃ paid to the pˀson[236] of S{t} Olaves
pˀ Ann vj viij{d}
Itm̃ paid to the Clarke of that Churche xvj{d}
Itm̃ paid to the Scaveng{r} per ann iiij{s}
Itm̃ paid to o{r} Clarke for lanthorne
Lyghte[237] ij{s}
Itm̃ paid to the Stewards of the Anathom iiij{li}
Itm̃ paid to the Clarke for white brushes
& broomes ij{s}
Itm̃ paid for a Loade of greate Coales xxv{s}
Itm̃ for a thowsand of Billettꝭ xv{s}
Itm̃ paid for small coles xij{d}
Itm̃ paid for an hundreth of ffagottꝭ vij{s}
Itm̃ spent uppon o{r} tenantꝭ in potac͠on[238] ij{s} iiij{d}
Itm̃ distributed in Almes accordinge to the last
will & testament of M{r} fferebras vj{s} viij{d}
Itm̃ more distributed in augmentac͠on of the
same almes xiij iiij
Itm̃ allowed to the M{rs} for the distributinge
thereof vj{s} viij{d}
Itm̃ allowed to the M{rs} for gatheringe of the
rentꝭ xiiij{s} iiij{d}
Itm̃ paid to the Clark for pennes Inke & papˀ vj{s} viij{d}
Itm̃ layd oute for herbes & flowers on the
Election daye iij{s}
Itm̃ paid to the Bedell for his yerely fee xl{s}
Itm̃ geven to the Porter for his Attendance on
the Election daye xij{d}
Itm̃ paid to M{r} Hilles[239] for his yerely fee xl
Itm̃ paid to the Collectors for subsidye lij{s}
Itm̃ paid to M{r} Stower for pˀvision of
corne[240] v{li}
Itm̃ paid to the poore of St. Olaves xvij{s} iiij{d}
Itm̃ paid to the preach{r} for his sermon on the
daye of Election x{s}
Itm̃ distributed in money bred & byfe[241]
accordinge to M{r} Bankes last Will & testam xix{s}
Itm̃ for washinge of some linnen w{ch} was used
on the daye of Election xviij{d}
Itm̃ paid to the Clark for registringe of this
Accompt xx{s}
~Some totall~ of the }
Ordenary expencꝭ is } Lxj{li} xiiij{s}
[232] The Company’s Carpenter and Bricklayer always accompanied the
Masters on view days, to advise as to the state of repair of
the property.
[233] Coroner.
[234] St. Paul’s.
[235] The Company’s Clerk.
[236] Parson.
[237] The Clerk provided the Lantern over the Entrance in Monkwell
Street, in accordance with the ancient City custom of lighting
the streets.
[238] Potation, _i.e._, drinking.
[239] The Company’s standing Counsel.
[240] The Company compounded with Mr. Stower at £5 per annum to
provide the corn required by the City.
[241] Beef.
~Extraordinarie~ Expencꝭ