[843] [The very reverse of this is now generally admitted, and the
prosperity of a country may be judged of from the amount of sugar
consumed in it.]
[844] Rumex patientia. Kerner, tab. 720.
[845] Barbarea plantaginea. Kerner’s Œkonom. Pflanzen, tab. 562.
[846] Smyrnium olusatrum. Kerner, 356.
[847] Chærophyllum bulbosum. Kerner, tab. 299. Jacquin, Flora
Austriaca, i. tab. 63.
[848] Phyteuma spicata. Kerner, tab. 153.
[849] The tuberous roots of the Lathyrus tuberosus. Kerner, tab. 328.
[850] Columella. x. 109. Virgil, Moretum, 85.
[851] Apuleius de Virtute Herbar. cap. 41. Plinius, xxv. 8.
[852] Spec. Plantarum.
[853] Du Cange.
[854] Meursii Glossar. Anonymus de vulpe et lupo. In p. 657, he says
that this poem was printed, but where we are not told.
[855] See the passages quoted by Niclas in Geopon. v. 11. 3, p. 345.
[856] Plin. xix. 8. sect. 41. The same species is mentioned by
Columella, x. 138. But of red cabbage no account is found in any
ancient author.
[857] Columella, xii. 54. Pallad. Decem. 5. Nicander in Athenæus, iv.
[858] Bellonii Obs. Itin. iii. 27.
[859] Menage, Dict. v. Broccoli.
[860] This is stated in Vincenzo Tanaro Economica del Cittadino in
Villa. This book, written about the year 1642, was often printed; but
I have never been so fortunate as to meet with a copy. The eleventh
edition, being the latest, was printed at Venice in 1745, 4to. In
Nonnii Diæteticon, p. 49, the first edition of which was printed in
1627, it is said that the seeds of cauliflower were brought from
Italy to Antwerp, where no seed was raised, or such only as produced
degenerate plants.
[861] In Horti Germaniæ, at the end of Cordi Opera, p. 250, B.
[862] Georgica Curiosa, Nurnberg, 1716, fol. i. p. 643.
[863] Land- und Gartenschatz, p. 84.
[864] See the ingenious experiments of Dalibert in Mémoires présentées
sur les Mathématiques et la Physique, tom. i. Strong-smelling
plants lose their smell in a sandy soil, and do not recover it when
transplanted into a rich soil. On this Rozier founds his proposal for
improving rape-oil.
[865] Mehler, p. 16, tab. vi.--Kerner, tab. 312.
[866] A good figure is given by Mehler, tab. viii.
[867] See a figure of the Teltow rapes in Kerner, tab. 534.
[868] Geopon. lib. ix. 18, p. 611. The oil of turpentine of the present
day is obtained from the resin by distillation, a process with which
the ancients were unacquainted.
[869] Columella, ii. 10, 22-25; xi. 3, 60; xii. 54.--Plinius, xx. 4;
and xix. 10 and 5. That I may not be too prolix, I shall leave the
confusion which occurs in the works of the ancients untouched.
[870] See the figure of the _Mayrübe_ in Kerner, tab. 553; of the
_Guckelrübe_, tab. 516; and Mehler’s tab. vii. (or 37.)
[871] De Re Rustica, lib. ii. cap. 10.
[872] Hist. Nat. lib. xviii. c. 13; lib. xix. c. 5.
[873] Tull’s Horse-Hoeing Husbandry.
[874] Gard. Magaz.
[875] Lib. Entert. Knowledge, VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.
[876] Kerner’s Œkonom. Pflanzen, tab. 319.--Mehler, tab. x. (or 40.)
[877] De Aliment. Facult. ii. 67. Galen has ἡ καρὼ, not κάρος.
[878] Kerner, tab. 91.
[879] Matthioli Epist. Med. v. p. 209; in Opera, Basil. 1674, fol.
[880] A translation, printed for the first time in Spanish in 1569, is
in Clusii Exotica, p. 15.
[881] Murray, Apparat. Med. i. p. 160.
[882] Kerner, tab. 307.
[883] _Cepæ fissiles_, or _scissiles_, or _schistæ_, are leeks, as
Theophrastus tells us himself, which, when the leaves become yellow,
are taken from the earth, and being freed from the leaves, are
separated from each other, then dried, and in spring again put into the
ground. If we believe that the _ascaloniæ_ can be propagated only by
seed, we must certainly read in Theophrastus μόνα γἀρ οὐ σχιστὰ, as
Scaliger has already remarked.
[884] Vol. i. p. 17.