The 46 lithic artifacts include dart points, arrow points, bifacial
blades, worked nodules, pitted stones, and other objects. All the
chipped stone implements are made of local quartzites and cherts which
occur as very small nodules in the older stream terraces near the
Harroun Site. The sandstone and hematite employed for the other stone
artifacts were most likely collected from local sources also.
_Dart Points_
Of the 19 dart points recovered, 15 have contracting stems, 3 have
expanding stems, and one has a rectangular stem. Eight of the
contracting stem series (Fig. 15, A-D) fall within the shape range of
the Gary type (Newell and Krieger, 1949: 164-166 and Fig. 57; Suhm _et
al._, 1954: 430 and Pl. 94), but are smaller (3 to 4 cm. long) than most
Gary points reported from other sites. The Gary type has been used as an
inclusive group embracing most of the contracting stem dart points of
the eastern United States. Several investigators (Ford and Webb, 1956:
52-54 and Fig. 17; Baerreis _et al._, 1958: 65-69 and Pls. 14-18; Bell,
1958: 28 and Fig. 14) have recognized variants within the broad Gary
group, but only a bare beginning toward the definition of the different
varieties of Gary has been made.
Three of the Gary points from the Harroun Site (Fig. 15, B-D) are quite
similar to a small variety of Gary which seems to be restricted to
northeastern Texas. The shoulders are slight and project laterally; the
stem and blade are of approximately equal length. Similar points from
the Hogge Bridge Site, Wylie Focus, have been illustrated by Stephenson
(1952, Fig. 95, A). Many specimens of this variety were also recovered
from the Yarbrough Site on the upper Sabine River by The University of
Texas in 1940, and others have been reported from sites in the Iron
Bridge Reservoir area on the upper Sabine (Johnson, 1957: 7 and Pl. 3,
H-L).
Two of the contracting stem points from the Harroun Site (Fig. 15, F)
have been assigned to the Wells type (Newell and Krieger, 1949: 167 and
Fig. 58; Suhm _et al._, 1954: 488 and Pl. 123). They feature long,
narrow stems which are rounded off at the base and the stem edges are
ground smooth. One specimen is virtually complete except for a small
portion of the tip. This point has narrow shoulders and a blade with
slightly convex edges. The second Wells point is represented only by the
stem, but it was probably attached to a blade similar to that of the
more complete specimen.
Four of the contracting stem dart points (Fig. 15, J-M) are not
assignable with certainty to any recognized type. All are relatively
small for dart points. One (Fig. 15, J) is slender and shoulderless; the
stem area is somewhat reminiscent of the Wells type. The other three are
vaguely suggestive of the Gary type, but are too aberrant to be
identified affirmatively with that or any other type.
The other contracting stem point (Fig. 15, N) has a concave base, basal
thinning, and ground stem edges. At first glance it reminds one of the
Plainview type (Krieger, 1947; Suhm _et al._, 1954: 472 and Pl. 116).
However, a drastic expansion just above the base is characteristic of
the San Patrice type (Webb, 1946: 13-15 and Pl. 1) and we are confident
that this specimen is a San Patrice point.
One of the expanding stem dart points (Fig. 15, H) has a triangular
blade, slight shoulders, and a fairly large stem with smoothed edges.
This point is similar to the Trinity type (Suhm _et al._, 1954: 484-486
and Pl. 82) but is also somewhat reminiscent of type Yarbrough (_Ibid._:
492 and Pl. 125).
Another point (Fig. 15, E) of the expanding stem series has been
assigned to the Ellis type (Newell and Krieger, 1949: 166-167 and Fig.
58; Suhm _et al._, 1954: 420-422 and Pl. 89).
The third expanding stem dart point (Fig. 15, I) is the crudest of the
series. The stem is relatively small and the basal portion is missing.
It falls in the general range of the Palmillas type (Suhm _et al._,
1954: 462 and Pl. 110).
The dart point with a rectangular stem (Fig. 15, G) is easily the
largest projectile point found at the site. The triangular blade has
mildly convex edges, and the moderate sized shoulders are slightly
barbed. We are reluctant to identify this specimen with any specific
type, but in general style it is suggestive of the Bulverde type (Suhm
_et al._, 1954: 404 and Pl. 81). Extreme varieties of the Yarbrough and
Morrill types also approach the form of this specimen.
_Arrow Points_
Only six arrow points were found, including the one associated with
Burial No. 1. The burial point (Fig. 15, O) is of the Perdiz type (Suhm
_et al._, 1954: 504 and Pl. 131). It has a relatively short pointed stem
and sharp barbs.
Of the remaining five arrow points, three (Fig. 15, P-R) have
contracting stems and are of the Perdiz type; the other two (Fig. 15,
S-T) have expanding stems and could not be identified with any known
type. The three Perdiz points are almost identical in form and are
remarkably uniform in size, all falling between 18 and 19 mm. long by 11
to 12 mm. wide at the shoulder. One of the expanding stem arrow points
(Fig. 15, S) is in the same size range as these three Perdiz points, the
other is somewhat larger. All of the arrow points except the one from
the burial have serrated blade edges.
_Bifacial Blades_
The two bifacial blades could have been used as small knives, scrapers,
or even projectile points. One (Fig. 16, E), represented by the basal
portion, is a triangular blade with a straight base. It is 3.6 cm. wide
at the base and is estimated to have been approximately 7 cm. long when
complete. It is fairly thin and of reasonably good workmanship. The
second bifacial blade (Fig. 16, F) is smaller than the other, measuring
4.2 cm. long by 2.8 cm. wide at the base. It is crudely pointed at the
distal end and has a convex base. The blade edges are sinuous and show
little evidence of wear.
_Worked Nodules_
Six small nodules of chert have been worked and show signs of wear along
the worked edges (Fig. 16, A-D). All were fashioned from small elongated
nodules by chipping a sharp edge at one end of the nodule, leaving the
basal end smooth and unworked. They are from 4 to 6.5 cm. long. Two of
them (Fig. 16, A-B) are chipped only across one end of the nodule; the
others are chipped across one end and down both sides, only the basal
end of the nodule being unaltered. Similar artifacts are quite common in
sites over most or all of East Texas, but their purpose is unknown.
_Drills_
An elongated, pointed implement (Fig. 16, G) with the basal portion
missing appears to be the shank of a drill. It has been chipped from
gray chert. This fragment is 4.3 cm. long and is from 5 to 13 mm. wide.
It is triangular in cross section and the distal end is slightly worn
along the edges as though from use.
_Fragmentary Chipped Stone Artifacts_
Four fragments of chipped stone implements are too incomplete for
accurate description. Some or all of them are probably blade fragments
from projectile points or bifacial blades.
_Milling Stones_
One incomplete milling stone is made of light gray quartzite (Fig. 16,
J). It has been pecked around the edges into a broad oval shape and it
is smooth from use on both faces. It is 9.8 cm. long, 8.2 cm. wide, and
3.6 cm. thick.
Three small stone fragments smoothed on one face are probably pieces of
milling stones, but all are too fragmentary for their original shapes to
be determined.
_Grooved Stones_
An irregular shaped piece of hematite (Fig. 16, I) has several narrow,
intersecting grooves running across one face. The grooves are set at
apparently random angles. On the opposite face of this fragment is part
of a deep, gouged out pit where the red pigment was evidently scraped
away for use as paint.
A piece of fine grained sandstone (Fig. 16, H) has a broad U-shaped
groove across one face. The groove is 20 mm. wide and 6 mm. deep.
Several small pieces of hematite bearing faint scratches were probably
used as sources of pigment.
_Pitted Stones_
There are four pieces of sandstone and hematite with more or less flat
sides that have small, circular pits pecked into them (Fig. 16, K).
Three have one pit each, the other has two pits on opposite sides of the
stone. The pits are all between 2.5 and 3.0 cm. wide and they vary from
4 to 8 mm. deep.
_Miscellaneous Ground Stone Artifacts_
Three small pieces of stone are smoothed on one face. One is a cobble
measuring 17.7 cm. long, 5.8 cm. wide, and 3.3 cm. thick. The others are
too fragmentary for reconstruction, but seem to be pieces of small
grinding slabs.