uranium ore, marble
Land use:
arable land: 32%
permanent crops: 6%
meadows and pastures: 6%
forest and woodland: 40%
other: 16%
Irrigated land: 6,340 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues: soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and
vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
natural hazards: Azores subject to severe earthquakes
international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine
Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified -
Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification,
Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Geographic note: Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic
locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
People
------
Population: 9,865,114 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 18% (male 888,157; female 843,309)
15-64 years: 68% (male 3,249,973; female 3,414,793)
65 years and over: 14% (male 601,913; female 866,969) (July 1996
est.)
Population growth rate: 0.02% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 10.53 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 10.2 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
all ages: 0.92 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 7.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 75.31 years
male: 71.52 years
female: 79.31 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.36 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Portuguese (singular and plural)
adjective: Portuguese
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland,
Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who
immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000
Religions: Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%, other
2%
Languages: Portuguese
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population: 85%
male: 89%
female: 82%
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: Portuguese Republic
conventional short form: Portugal
local long form: Republica Portuguesa
local short form: Portugal
Data code: PO
Type of government: republic
Capital: Lisbon
Administrative divisions: 18 districts (distritos, singular -
distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular -
regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca,
Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa,
Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo,
Vila Real, Viseu
Dependent areas: Macau (scheduled to become a Special
Administrative Region of China on 20 December 1999)
Independence: 1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)
National holiday: Day of Portugal, 10 June (1580)
Constitution: 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June
1989
Legal system: civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal
reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996) was
elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last
held 14 January 1996 (next to be held NA January 2001); results -
Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 53.8%, Anibal CAVACO SILVA (Conservative)
46.2%
head of government: Prime Minister Antonio Manuel de Oliviera
GUTERRES (since 28 October 1995) was appointed by the president
following the October 1995 legislative elections
Council of State: acts as a consultative body to the president
cabinet: Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on
recommendation of the prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral
Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica): elections last
held 1 October 1995 (next to be held NA October 1999); results - PSD
34.0%, PS 43.8%, CDU 8.6%, CDS/PP 9.1%; seats - (230 total) PSD 88,
PS 112, CDU 15, CDS/PP 15
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal de Justica),
judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura
Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party (PSD),
Marcelo Rebelo DE SOUSA; Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Antonio
GUTERRES; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Pedro CANAVARRO;
Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Carlos CARVALHAS; Social
Democratic Center (CDS), Manuel MONTEIRO; National Solidarity Party
(PSN), Manuel SERGIO; Center Democratic Party (CDS); United
Democratic Coalition (CDU; communists)
International organization participation: AfDB, Australia Group,
BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,
IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA
(observer), MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer),
OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO,
ZC
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Fernando Antonio de Lacerda ANDRESEN
GUIMARAES
chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610
FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726
consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San
Francisco
consulate(s): Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence
(Rhode Island)
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador Elizabeth Frawley BAGLEY
embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon
mailing address: PSC 83, APO AE 09726
telephone: [351] (1) 7266600, 7266659, 7268670, 7268880
FAX: [351] (1) 7269109
consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)
Flag: two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red
(three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the
dividing line
Economy
-------
Economic overview: Portugal's short-term economic fundamentals are
strong - the economy grew by 2.8% in 1995, with similar growth
expected in 1996 and 1997, and unemployment is among the lowest in
the EU. The Socialist government has pledged its dedication both to
meeting the Maastricht monetary convergence criteria and to
increasing social spending, including provision of a guaranteed
minimum income. The government's 1996 budget, passed in March 1996,
includes a budget deficit target of 4.2%, to be attained largely
through cuts in non-social-service government spending and income
from an ambitious privatization program. As for the long run,
Portugal hopes for a steady modernization of its capital plant, its
work force, and its infrastructure in order to catch up with the
productivity and income levels of the Big Four economies of Western
Europe.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $116.2 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 2.8% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $11,000 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: 6%
industry: 35.8%
services: 58.2% (1995 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.6% (1995 est.)
Labor force: 4.24 million (1994 est.)
by occupation: services 54.5%, manufacturing 24.4%, agriculture,
forestry, fisheries 11.2%, construction 8.3%, utilities 1.0%, mining
0.5% (1992)
Unemployment rate: 7.1% (1995 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $31 billion
expenditures: $41 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1994)
Industries: textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork;
metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism
Industrial production growth rate: 2.1% (1995 est.)
Electricity:
capacity: 8,220,000 kW
production: 29.5 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 2,642 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle,
goats, poultry, meat, dairy products
Illicit drugs: important gateway country for Latin American
cocaine entering the European market; transshipment point for
hashish from North Africa to Europe
Exports: $18.9 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities: clothing and footwear, machinery, cork and paper
products, hides
partners: EU 75.1%, other developed countries 12.4% (US 5.2%) (1995)
Imports: $24.1 billion (c.i.f., 1995)
commodities: machinery and transport equipment, agricultural
products, chemicals, petroleum, textiles
partners: EU 71%, other developed countries 10.9% (US 2.5%), less
developed countries 12.9% (1995)
External debt: $11.8 billion (1995 est.)
Economic aid:
donor: ODA, $248 million (1993)
recipient: ODA, $70 million (1993)
Currency: 1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates: Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 151.61
(January 1996), 149.97 (1995), 165.99 (1994), 160.80 (1993), 135.00
(1992), 144.48 (1991)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation
--------------
Railways:
total: 3,068 km
broad gauge: 2,761 km 1.668-m gauge (464 km electrified; 426 km
double track)
narrow gauge: 307 km 1.000-m gauge
note: in 1992, Portugal had 3,588 km of track of which 464 km were
electrified
Highways:
total: 70,176 km (statistics for continental Portugal only)
paved: 60,351 km (including 519 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,825 km (1992 est.)
Waterways: 820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national
economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton cargo
capacity
Pipelines: crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km
Ports: Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes,
Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores),
Setubal, Viana do Castelo
Merchant marine:
total: 72 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 795,725 GRT/1,418,538
DWT
ships by type: bulk 7, cargo 35, chemical tanker 5, container 5,
liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 12, passenger-cargo 1,
refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1
note: Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira for
Portuguese-owned ships; ships on the Madeira Register (MAR) will
have taxation and crewing benefits of a flag of convenience;
Portugal owns an additional 25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
155,776 DWT operating under the registries of Panama and Malta (1995
est.)
Airports:
total: 67
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 5
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 8
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 3
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 18
with paved runways under 914 m: 30
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 3 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 2,236,411 (1993 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables,
open wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth
stations
international: 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3
Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat;
tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat
(Atlantic Ocean Region) is planned
Radio broadcast stations: AM 57, FM 66 (repeaters 22), shortwave 0
Radios: 2.2 million (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 66 (repeaters 23)
Televisions: 2,970,892 (1993 est.)
Defense
-------
Branches: Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National
Republican Guard, Fiscal Guard, Public Security Police
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49: 2,498,965
males fit for military service: 2,014,653
males reach military age (20) annually: 83,427 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.9 billion,
2.4% of GDP (1995)
======================================================================
@Puerto Rico
-----------
(commonwealth associated with the US)
Map
---
Location: 18 15 N, 66 30 W -- Caribbean, island between the
Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican
Republic
Flag
----
Description: five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist
side bears a large white five-pointed star in the center; design
based on the US flag
Geography
---------
Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the
North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic
Geographic coordinates: 18 15 N, 66 30 W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
total area: 9,104 sq km
land area: 8,959 sq km
comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Rhode
Island
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 501 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical marine, mild, little seasonal temperature
variation
Terrain: mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north;
mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most
coastal areas
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m
Natural resources: some copper and nickel, potential for onshore
and offshore oil
Land use:
arable land: 8%
permanent crops: 9%
meadows and pastures: 41%
forest and woodland: 20%
other: 22%
Irrigated land: 390 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues: the recent drought has caused water levels in
reservoirs to drop and prompted water rationing for more than
one-half of the population
natural hazards: periodic droughts
international agreements: NA
Geographic note: important location along the Mona Passage - a key
shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest
and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and
high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast
relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north
People
------
Population: 3,819,023 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 25% (male 484,038; female 461,175)
15-64 years: 65% (male 1,201,841; female 1,279,707)
65 years and over: 10% (male 174,274; female 217,988) (July 1996
est.)
Population growth rate: 0.18% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 15.56 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 7.46 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -6.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
all ages: 0.95 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 12.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 75.38 years
male: 71.13 years
female: 79.89 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.94 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)
adjective: Puerto Rican
Ethnic divisions: Hispanic
Religions: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant denominations and other
15%
Languages: Spanish, English
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)
total population: 89%
male: 90%
female: 88%
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
conventional short form: Puerto Rico
Data code: RQ
Type of government: commonwealth associated with the US
Capital: San Juan
Administrative divisions: none (commonwealth associated with the
US); note - there are 78 municipalities
Independence: none (commonwealth associated with the US)
National holiday: US Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
Constitution: ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3
July 1952; effective 25 July 1952
Legal system: based on Spanish civil code
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are
US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Executive branch:
chief of state: President (of the US) William Jefferson CLINTON
(since 20 January 1993); Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20
January 1993)
head of government: Governor Pedro ROSSELLO (since 2 January 1993)
was elected for a four-year term by direct suffrage; election last
held 3 November 1992 (next to be held 5 November 1996); results -
Pedro ROSSELLO (PNP) 50%, Victoria MUNOZ (PPD) 46%, Fernando MARTIN
(PIP) 4%
Legislative branch: bicameral Legislative Assembly
Senate: elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held 5
November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (29
total) PNP 20, PPD 8, PIP 1
House of Representatives: elections last held 3 November 1992 (next
to be held NA November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA;
seats - (53 total) PNP 36, PPD 16, PIP 1
US House of Representatives: elections last held 3 November 1992
(next to be held 5 November 1996); results - percent of vote by
party NA; seats - (1 total) PNP 1 (Carlos Romero BARCELO); note -
Puerto Rico elects one representative to the US House of
Representatives
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, justices appointed by the governor
with the consent of the Senate; Superior Courts, justices appointed
by the governor with the consent of the Senate; Municipal Courts,
justices appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate
Political parties and leaders: National Republican Party of Puerto
Rico, Luis FERRE; Popular Democratic Party (PPD), Hector ACEVEDO;
New Progressive Party (PNP), Pedro ROSSELLO; Puerto Rican Socialist
Party (PSP) has been disbanded (1994); Puerto Rican Independence
Party (PIP), Ruben BERRIOS Martinez; Puerto Rican Communist Party
(PCP), leader(s) unknown
Other political or pressure groups: Armed Forces for National
Liberation (FALN); Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution;
Boricua Popular Army (also known as the Macheteros); Armed Forces of
Popular Resistance
International organization participation: Caricom (observer),
ECLAC (associate), FAO (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau),
IOC, WCL, WFTU, WHO (associate), WToO (associate)
Diplomatic representation in US: none (commonwealth associated
with the US)
US diplomatic representation: none (commonwealth associated with
the US)
Flag: five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist
side bears a large white five-pointed star in the center; design
based on the US flag
Economy
-------
Economic overview: Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic
economies in the Caribbean region. Industry has surpassed
agriculture as the primary sector of economic activity and income.
Encouraged by duty-free access to the US and by tax incentives, US
firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US
minimum wage laws apply. Important industries include
pharmaceuticals, electronics, textiles, petrochemicals, and
processed foods. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production
and other livestock products as the main source of income in the
agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important
source of income for the island, with estimated arrivals of nearly
3.9 million tourists in 1993.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $29.7 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 3.3% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $7,800 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.9% (1994)
Labor force: 1.2 million (1993)
by occupation: government 22%, manufacturing 17%, trade 20%,
construction 6%, communications and transportation 5%, other 30%
(1993)
Unemployment rate: 16% (1994)
Budget:
revenues: $5.1 billion
expenditures: $5.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(FY94/95)
Industries: pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products,
instruments, tourism
Industrial production growth rate: 5% (1994 est.)
Electricity:
capacity: 4.230,000 kW
production: 15.6 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 3,819 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas;
cattle, chickens
Exports: $21.8 billion (1994)
commodities: pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna,
rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment, instruments
partners: US 86.2% (1993)
Imports: $16.7 billion (1994)
commodities: chemicals, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products
partners: US 69.2% (1993)
External debt: $NA
Economic aid: none
Currency: 1 US dollar (US$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: US currency is used
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
Transportation
--------------
Railways:
total: 96 km
narrow gauge: 96 km 1.000-m gauge, rural, narrow-gauge system for
hauling sugarcane; no passenger service
Highways:
total: NA km
paved: 13,762 km (1982 est.)
unpaved: NA km
Ports: Guanica, Guayanilla, Guayama, Playa de Ponce, San Juan
Merchant marine: none
Airports:
total: 23
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 3
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 3
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 8
with paved runways under 914 m: 7
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 2 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 1,166,231 (1992 est.)
Telephone system: modern system, integrated with that of the US by
high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with high-speed data
capability
domestic: digital telephone system with about 1 million lines (1990
est.); cellular telephone service
international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; submarine cable
to US
Radio broadcast stations: AM 50, FM 63, shortwave 0
Radios: 2.565 million (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 9
note: cable television available with US programs (1990 est.)
Televisions: 952,000 (1992 est.)
Defense
-------
Branches: paramilitary National Guard, Police Force
Defense note: defense is the responsibility of the US
======================================================================
@Qatar
-----
Map
---
Location: 25 30 N, 51 15 E -- Middle East, peninsula bordering the
Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Flag
----
Description: maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white
points) on the hoist side
Geography
---------
Location: Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and
Saudi Arabia
Geographic coordinates: 25 30 N, 51 15 E
Map references: Middle East
Area:
total area: 11,000 sq km
land area: 11,000 sq km
comparative area: slightly smaller than Connecticut
Land boundaries:
total: 60 km
border country: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Coastline: 563 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: territorial dispute with Bahrain over the
Hawar Islands; maritime boundary with Bahrain; 1965 boundary with
Saudi Arabia, renegotiated and revised in 1992, but not official
depiction
Climate: desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer
Terrain: mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and
gravel
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Qurayn Aba al Bawl 103 m
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, fish
Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
meadows and pastures: 5%
forest and woodland: 0%
other: 95%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:
current issues: limited natural fresh water resources are increasing
dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
natural hazards: haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
international agreements: signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea
Geographic note: strategic location in central Persian Gulf near
major petroleum deposits
People
------
Population: 547,761 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 30% (male 82,147; female 83,552)
15-64 years: 68% (male 263,107; female 109,177)
65 years and over: 2% (male 6,609; female 3,169) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.39% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 21.03 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 3.6 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 6.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 0.96 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 2.41 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 2.09 male(s)/female
all ages: 1.8 male(s)/female (1996 est.)