- departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia
constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho,
Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La
Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco,
Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali
note: the 1979 constitution mandated the creation of regions
(regiones, singular - region) to function eventually as autonomous
economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been
constituted from 23 of the 24 departments - Amazonas (from Loreto),
Andres Avelino Caceres (from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin), Arequipa (from
Arequipa), Chavin (from Ancash), Grau (from Tumbes, Piura), Inca
(from Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La Libertad (from La
Libertad), Los Libertadores-Huari (from Ica, Ayacucho,
Huancavelica), Mariategui (from Moquegua, Tacna, Puno), Nor Oriental
del Maranon (from Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas), San Martin (from
San Martin), Ucayali (from Ucayali); formation of another region has
been delayed by the reluctance of the constitutional province of
Callao to merge with the department of Lima; because of inadequate
funding from the central government and organizational and political
difficulties, the regions have yet to assume major responsibilities;
the 1993 constitution retains the regions but limits their
authority; the 1993 constitution also reaffirms the roles of
departmental and municipal governments
Independence: 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
National holiday: Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Constitution: 31 December 1993
Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government: President Alberto Kenyo
FUJIMORI Fujimori (since 28 July 1990) was elected for a five-year
term by universal suffrage; election last held 9 April 1995 (next to
be held NA 2000); results - Alberto FUJIMORI 64.42%, Javier PEREZ de
CUELLAR 21.80%, Mercedes CABANILLAS 4.11%, other 9.67%
cabinet: Council of Ministers was appointed by the president
note: Prime Minister Alberto PANDOLFI Arbulu (since 3 April 1996)
does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the
president
Legislative branch: unicameral
Congress: elections last held 9 April 1995 (next to be held NA April
2000); results - C90/NM 52.1%, UPP 14%, 11 other parties 33.9%;
seats - (120 total, when installed on 28 July 1995) C90/NM 67, UPP
17, APRA 8, FIM 6, (CODE)-Pais Posible 5, AP 4, PPC 3, Renovacion 3,
IU 2, OBRAS 2, MIA 1, FRENATRACA 1, FREPAP 1
Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de
Justicia), judges are appointed by the National Council of the
Judiciary
Political parties and leaders: Change 90-New Majority (C90/NM),
Alberto FUJIMORI; Union for Peru (UPP), Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR;
American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Agustin MANTILLA
Campos; Independent Moralizing Front (FIM), Fernando OLIVERA Vega;
Democratic Coordinator (CODE) - Pais Posible, Jose BARBA Caballero
and Alejandro TOLEDO; Popular Action Party (AP), Raul DIEZ CANSECO;
Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis BEDOYA Reyes; Renovacion, Rafael
REY Rey; Civic Works Movement (OBRAS), Ricardo BELMONT; United Left
(IU), Agustin HAYA de la TORRE; Independent Agrarian Movement (MIA),
Rolando SALVATERRIE; Peru 2000-National Front of Workers and
Peasants (FRENATRACA), Roger CACARES; Popular Agricultural Front
(FREPAP), Ezequiel ATAUCUSI
Other political or pressure groups: leftist guerrilla groups
include Shining Path, Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned); Tupac
Amaru Revolutionary Movement, Nestor SERPA and Victor POLAY
(imprisoned)
International organization participation: AG, CCC, ECLAC, FAO,
G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM,
IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM,
ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Ricardo V. LUNA MENDOZA
chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869
FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New
York, Paterson (New Jersey), and San Francisco
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador Alvin P. ADAMS, Jr.
embassy: Avenida Encalada, Cuadra 17, Monterrico, Lima
mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima),
APO AA 34031
telephone: [51] (12) 21-1202
FAX: [51] (12) 21-3543
Flag: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and
red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of
arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the source of
quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all
framed by a green wreath
Economy
-------
Economic overview: The Peruvian economy has become increasingly
market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in
the mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. In the
1980s, the economy suffered from hyperinflation, declining per
capita output, and mounting external debt. Peru was shut off from
IMF and World Bank support in the mid-1980s because of its huge debt
arrears. An austerity program implemented shortly after the FUJIMORI
government took office in July 1990 contributed to a third
consecutive yearly contraction of economic activity, but the slide
came to a halt late that year, and in 1991 output rose 2.4%. After a
burst of inflation as the austerity program eliminated government
price subsidies, monthly price increases eased to the single-digit
level and by December 1991 dropped to the lowest increase since
mid-1987. Lima obtained a financial rescue package from multilateral
lenders in September 1991, although it faced $14 billion in arrears
on its external debt. By working with the IMF and World Bank on new
financial conditions and arrangements, the government succeeded in
ending its arrears by March 1993. In 1992, GDP fell by 2.8%, in part
because a warmer-than-usual El Nino current resulted in a 30% drop
in the fish catch, but the economy rebounded as strong foreign
investment helped push growth to 6% in 1993, about 13% in 1994, and
6.8% in 1995.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $87 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 6.8% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $3,600 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.2% (1995 est.)
Labor force: 8 million (1992)
by occupation: agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing,
construction, transport, services
Unemployment rate: 15%; extensive underemployment (1992 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $8.5 billion
expenditures: $9.3 billion including capital expenditures of $NA
(1996 est.)
Industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles,
clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel,
shipbuilding, metal fabrication
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity:
capacity: 4,190,000 kW
production: 11.2 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 448 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat, potatoes,
plantains, coca; poultry, red meats, dairy products, wool; fish
catch of 6.9 million metric tons (1990)
Illicit drugs: world's largest coca leaf producer with about
115,300 hectares under cultivation in 1995; source of supply for
most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base; at least 85% of
coca cultivation is for illicit production; most of cocaine base is
shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for
the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are
increasing
Exports: $5.6 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities: copper, zinc, fishmeal, crude petroleum and byproducts,
lead, refined silver, coffee, cotton
partners: US 19%, Japan 9%, Italy, Germany
Imports: $7.4 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities: machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum,
iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
partners: US 21%, Colombia, Argentina, Japan, Germany, Brazil
External debt: $22.4 billion (1994 est.)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $363 million (1993)
Currency: 1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centimos
Exchange rates: nuevo sol (S/.) per US$1 - 2.350 (January 1996),
2.253 (1995), 2.195 (1994), 1.988 (1993), 1.246 (1992), 0.773 (1991)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation
--------------
Railways:
total: 2,041 km
standard gauge: 1,726 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 315 km 0.914-m gauge (1994)
Highways:
total: 69,942 km
paved: 13,538 km
unpaved: 56,404 km (1987 est.)
Waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and
208 km of Lago Titicaca
Pipelines: crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids
64 km
Ports: Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado,
Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas
note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches
of the Amazon and its tributaries
Merchant marine:
total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 77,584 GRT/144,030 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 7 (1995 est.)
Airports:
total: 230
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 5
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 15
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 12
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 6
with paved runways under 914 m: 96
with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 1
with unpaved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 2
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 22
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 71 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 779,306 (1990 est.)
Telephone system: adequate for most requirements
domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic
satellite system with 12 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 273, FM 0, shortwave 144
Radios: 5.7 million (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 140
Televisions: 2 million (1993 est.)
Defense
-------
Branches: Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del
Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force
(Fuerza Aerea del Peru), National Police
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49: 6,441,513
males fit for military service: 4,347,460
males reach military age (20) annually: 255,067 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $998 million,
1.6% of GDP (1996)
======================================================================
@Philippines
-----------
Map
---
Location: 13 00 N, 122 00 E -- Southeastern Asia, archipelago
between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
Flag
----
Description: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with
a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; in the center
of the triangle is a yellow sun with eight primary rays (each
containing three individual rays) and in each corner of the triangle
is a small yellow five-pointed star
Geography
---------
Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine
Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 122 00 E
Map references: Southeast Asia
Area:
total area: 300,000 sq km
land area: 298,170 sq km
comparative area: slightly larger than Arizona
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 36,289 km
Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
continental shelf: to depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from
coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also
claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in
breadth
International disputes: involved in a complex dispute over the
Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly
Brunei; claims Malaysian state of Sabah
Climate: tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April);
southwest monsoon (May to October)
Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m
Natural resources: timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver,
gold, salt, copper
Land use:
arable land: 26%
permanent crops: 11%
meadows and pastures: 4%
forest and woodland: 40%
other: 19%
Irrigated land: 16,200 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues: uncontrolled deforestation in watershed areas; soil
erosion; air and water pollution in Manila; increasing pollution of
coastal mangrove swamps which are important fish breeding grounds
natural hazards: astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and
struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides, active
volcanoes, destructive earthquakes, tsunamis
international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber
83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Tropical
Timber 94
People
------
Population: 74,480,848 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 38% (male 14,486,214; female 14,026,873)
15-64 years: 58% (male 21,403,784; female 21,968,259)
65 years and over: 4% (male 1,165,810; female 1,429,908) (July 1996
est.)
Population growth rate: 2.18% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 29.51 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 6.66 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
all ages: 0.99 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 35.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 65.91 years
male: 63.14 years
female: 68.83 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.69 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Filipino(s)
adjective: Philippine
Ethnic divisions: Christian Malay 91.5%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese
1.5%, other 3%
Religions: Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%, Buddhist
and other 3%
Languages: Pilipino (official, based on Tagalog), English
(official)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
total population: 94.6%
male: 95%
female: 94.3%
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines
conventional short form: Philippines
local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas
local short form: Pilipinas
Data code: RP
Type of government: republic
Capital: Manila
Administrative divisions: 72 provinces and 61 chartered cities*;
Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Angeles*,
Antique, Aurora, Bacolod*, Bago*, Baguio*, Bais*, Basilan, Basilan
City*, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Batangas City*, Benguet, Bohol,
Bukidnon, Bulacan, Butuan*, Cabanatuan*, Cadiz*, Cagayan, Cagayan de
Oro*, Calbayog*, Caloocan*, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur,
Camiguin, Canlaon*, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cavite City*, Cebu,
Cebu City*, Cotabato*, Dagupan*, Danao*, Dapitan*, Davao City*
Davao, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Dipolog*, Dumaguete*, Eastern
Samar, General Santos*, Gingoog*, Ifugao, Iligan*, Ilocos Norte,
Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Iloilo City*, Iriga*, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao,
La Carlota*, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Laoag*,
Lapu-Lapu*, La Union, Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*, Maguindanao,
Mandaue*, Manila*, Marawi*, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental,
Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain,
Naga*, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern
Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Olongapo*, Ormoc*, Oroquieta*,
Ozamis*, Pagadian*, Palawan, Palayan*, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasay*,
Puerto Princesa*, Quezon, Quezon City*, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon,
Roxas*, Samar, San Carlos* (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos* (in
Pangasinan), San Jose*, San Pablo*, Silay*, Siquijor, Sorsogon,
South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao*,
Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tacloban*, Tagaytay*,
Tagbilaran*, Tangub*, Tarlac, Tawitawi, Toledo*, Trece Martires*,
Zambales, Zamboanga*, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur
Independence: 4 July 1946 (from US)
National holiday: Independence Day, 12 June (1898) (from Spain)
Constitution: 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Legal system: based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government: President Fidel Valdes RAMOS
(since 30 June 1992) and Vice President Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA
(since 30 June 1992) were elected for six-year terms by popular
vote; election last held 11 May 1992 (next to be held NA May 1998);
results - Fidel Valdes RAMOS won 23.6% of the vote, a narrow
plurality
cabinet: Executive Secretary was appointed by the president with the
consent of the Commission of Appointments
Legislative branch: bicameral Congress (Kongreso)
Senate (Senado): elections last held 8 May 1995 (next to be held NA
1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (24 total) LDP
14, Lakas/NUCD 5, NPC 2, LP 1, PRP 1, independent 1
House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan): elections
last held 8 May 1995 (next to be held NA 1998); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (204 total) Lakas/NUCD 129, LDP 29, NPC
(opposition) 25, LP 6, PDP 3, KBL/NPC 1, results pending 11
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, justices are appointed for
four-year terms by the president on recommendation of the Judicial
and Bar Council
Political parties and leaders: Democratic Filipino Struggle (Laban
ng Demokratikong Pilipino, LDP), Edgardo ANGARA; People
Power-National Union of Christian Democrats (Lakas ng EDSA-NUCD or
Lakas-NUCD); Raul MANGLAPUS, president and Jose DE VENECIA,
secretary general; Liberal Party (LP), Raul DAZA; National People's
Coalition (NPC), Eduardo COJUANGCO; People's Reform Party (PRP),
Miriam DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO; New Society Movement (Kilusan Bagong
Lipunan, KBL), Imelda MARCOS; Nacionalista Party (NP), Salvador H.
LAUREL, president; Filipino Democratic Party (Partido Demokratikong
Philipinas or PDP), Jose COJUANGCO, is part of the ruling coalition
with the LDP
International organization participation: APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC,
CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, ISO, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
UNMIH, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Raul Chaves RABE
chancery: 1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 467-9300
FAX: [1] (202) 328-7614
consulate(s) general: Agana (Guam), Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles,
New York, San Francisco, and Seattle
consulate(s): San Diego and San Jose (Saipan)
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador-designate Thomas C. HUBBARD
embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita Manila 1000
mailing address: APO AP 96440
telephone: [63] (2) 521-71-16
FAX: [63] (2) 522-43-61
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a
white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; in the center of
the triangle is a yellow sun with eight primary rays (each
containing three individual rays) and in each corner of the triangle
is a small yellow five-pointed star
Economy
-------
Economic overview: The Philippine economy, primarily a mixture of
agriculture and light industry, continued its third year of recovery
in 1995, led by growth in exports and investments. Officials have
targeted 5%-6% growth for 1996 after achieving 4.8% growth in 1995.
The government is continuing its economic reforms to enable the
Philippines to move closer to the development of the newly
industrialized countries of East Asia. The strategy includes
improving infrastructure and plans to overhaul the tax system to
bolster government revenues.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $179.7 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 4.8% (1995)
GDP per capita: $2,530 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: 22%
industry: 30%
services: 48%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.1% (1995)
Labor force: 24.12 million
by occupation: agriculture 46%, industry and commerce 16%, services
18.5%, government 10%, other 9.5% (1989)
Unemployment rate: 9.5% (1995 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $14.1 billion
expenditures: $13.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1995)
Industries: textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products,
food processing, electronics assembly, petroleum refining, fishing
Industrial production growth rate: 1.4% (1993)
Electricity:
capacity: 6,770,000 kW
production: 20.4 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 278 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: rice, coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples,
mangoes; pork, eggs, beef; fish catch of 2 million metric tons
annually
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the international
drug trade; growers are producing more and better quality cannabis
despite government eradication efforts; transit point for Southwest
Asian and Golden Triangle heroin bound for the US
Exports: $17.4 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities: electronics, textiles, coconut products, copper, fish
partners: US 39%, Japan 15%, Germany 5%, Hong Kong 5%, UK 5% (1994)
Imports: $26.5 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities: raw materials 40%, capital goods 25%, petroleum
products 10%
partners: Japan 24%, US 18%, Singapore 7%, Taiwan 6%, South Korea 5%
(1994)
External debt: $41 billion (1995 est.)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $934 million (1993)
Currency: 1 Philippine peso (P) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates: Philippine pesos (P) per US$1 - 26.206 (December
1995), 25.714 (1995), 26.417 (1994), 27.120 (1993), 25.512 (1992),
27.479 (1991)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation
--------------
Railways:
total: 499 km
narrow gauge: 499 km 1.067-m gauge (1993)
Highways:
total: 160,633 km
paved: 22,489 km
unpaved: 138,144 km (1992 est.)
Waterways: 3,219 km; limited to shallow-draft (less than 1.5 m)
vessels
Pipelines: petroleum products 357 km
Ports: Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras Island,
Iligan, Iloilo, Jolo, Legaspi, Manila, Masao, Puerto Princesa, San
Fernando, Subic Bay, Zamboanga
Merchant marine:
total: 535 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,033,849
GRT/13,101,188 DWT
ships by type: bulk 230, cargo 126, chemical tanker 3, combination
bulk 11, container 12, liquefied gas tanker 9, livestock carrier 12,
oil tanker 44, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 12, refrigerated cargo
19, roll-on/roll-off cargo 12, short-sea passenger 18, vehicle
carrier 25
note: a flag of convenience registry; Japan owns 22 ships, Hong Kong
4, Switzerland 1, Taiwan 1, Denmark 1, and UK 1 (1995 est.)
Airports:
total: 235
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 2
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 7
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 25
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 31
with paved runways under 914 m: 104
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 3
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 63 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 887,229 (1993 est.)
Telephone system: good international radiotelephone and submarine
cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate
domestic: domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations
international: submarine cables to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore,
Taiwan, and Japan; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian
Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 261, FM 55, shortwave 0
Radios: 9.03 million (1992 est.)