total: 4
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 1
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1
with paved runways under 914 m: 2 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 65,000 (1985 est.)
Telephone system: small system with good service
domestic: primarily microwave radio relay
international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean);
new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several
countries
Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 395,000 (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 4 (1987 est.)
Televisions: 151,096 (1991 est.)
Defense
-------
Branches: National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special
Mobile Force or SMF, Special Support Units or SSU, and National
Coast Guard)
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49: 327,403
males fit for military service: 166,466 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $11.2 million,
0.4% of GDP (FY92/93)
======================================================================
@Mayotte
-------
(territorial collectivity of France)
Map
---
Location: 12 50 S, 45 10 E -- Southern Africa, island in the
Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern
Madagascar to northern Mozambique
Flag
----
Description: the flag of France is used
Geography
---------
Location: Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about
one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique
Geographic coordinates: 12 50 S, 45 10 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total area: 375 sq km
land area: 375 sq km
comparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 185.2 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: claimed by Comoros
Climate: tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during
northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to
November)
Terrain: generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient
volcanic peaks
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Benara 660 m
Natural resources: NEGL
Land use:
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
meadows and pastures: NA%
forest and woodland: NA%
other: NA%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:
current issues: NA
natural hazards: cyclones during rainy season
international agreements: NA
Geographic note: part of Comoro Archipelago
People
------
Population: 100,838 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 50% (male 25,099; female 24,881)
15-64 years: 48% (male 24,790; female 23,727)
65 years and over: 2% (male 1,152; female 1,189) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.78% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 47.93 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 10.12 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female
all ages: 1.02 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 75.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 58.7 years
male: 56.43 years
female: 61.05 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.63 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Mahorais (singular and plural)
adjective: Mahoran
Ethnic divisions: NA
Religions: Muslim 99%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Languages: Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French
Literacy: NA
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte
conventional short form: Mayotte
Data code: MF
Type of government: territorial collectivity of France
Capital: Mamoutzou
Administrative divisions: none (territorial collectivity of France)
Independence: none (territorial collectivity of France)
National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July
(1789)
Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Legal system: French law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President (of France) Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May
1995) represented by Prefect Alain WEIL (since NA), who was
appointed by the French Ministry of the Interior
head of government: President of the General Council Younoussa
BAMANA (since NA 1976)
Legislative branch: unicameral
General Council (Conseil General): elections last held NA March 1994
(next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats -
(19 total) MPM 12, RPR 4, independents 3
French Senate: elections last held 24 September 1995 (next to be
held 24 September 2001); results - percent of vote by party NA;
seats - (1 total) MPM 1
French National Assembly: elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993
(next to be held NA 1998); results - UDF-CDS 54.3%, RPR 44.3%; seats
- (1 total) UDF-CDS 1
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Tribunal Superieur d'Appel)
Political parties and leaders: Mahoran Popular Movement (MPM),
Younoussa BAMANA; Party for the Mahoran Democratic Rally (PRDM),
Daroueche MAOULIDA; Mahoran Rally for the Republic (RPR), Mansour
KAMARDINE; Union for French Democracy (UDF), Maoulida AHMED; Center
of Social Democrats (CDS)
International organization participation: FZ
Diplomatic representation in US: none (territorial collectivity of
France)
US diplomatic representation: none (territorial collectivity of
France)
Flag: the flag of France is used
Economy
-------
Economic overview: Economic activity is based primarily on the
agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising.
Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of
its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future
development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial
assistance. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the
development of tourism.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $54 million (1993 est.)
GDP real growth rate: NA%
GDP per capita: $600 (1993 est.)
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
Labor force: NA
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $37.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1985 est.)
Industries: newly created lobster and shrimp industry
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity:
capacity: NA kW
production: NA kWh
consumption per capita: NA kWh
Agriculture: vanilla, ylang-ylang, coffee, copra
Exports: $2.9 million (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities: ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra
partners: France 80%, Comoros 15%, Reunion
Imports: $87.5 million (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities: building materials, transportation equipment, rice,
clothing, flour
partners: France 63%, South Africa 11%, Thailand 9%, Singapore
External debt: $NA
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $NA
Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January
1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992),
5.6421 (1991)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation
--------------
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 93 km
paved: 72 km
unpaved: 21 km
Ports: Dzaoudzi
Merchant marine: none
Airports:
total: 1
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 450
Telephone system: small system administered by French Department
of Posts and Telecommunications
domestic: NA
international: microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone
communications to Comoros and other international connections
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 30,000 (1994 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 0
Televisions: 3,500 (1994 est.)
Defense
-------
Defense note: defense is the responsibility of France
======================================================================
@Mexico
------
Map
---
Location: 23 00 N, 102 00 W -- Middle America, bordering the
Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and
bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US
Flag
----
Description: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side),
white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with
a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band
Geography
---------
Location: Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf
of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific
Ocean, between Guatemala and the US
Geographic coordinates: 23 00 N, 102 00 W
Map references: North America
Area:
total area: 1,972,550 sq km
land area: 1,923,040 sq km
comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 4,538 km
border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,326 km
Coastline: 9,330 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: claims Clipperton Island (French
possession)
Climate: varies from tropical to desert
Terrain: high, rugged mountains, low coastal plains, high
plateaus, and desert
lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m
highest point: Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m
Natural resources: petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc,
natural gas, timber
Land use:
arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 1%
meadows and pastures: 39%
forest and woodland: 24%
other: 24%
Irrigated land: 51,500 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues: natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in
north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme
southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in
urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification;
serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers
along US-Mexico border
natural hazards: tsunamis along the Pacific coast, destructive
earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf and
Caribbean coasts
international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Geographic note: strategic location on southern border of US
People
------
Population: 95,772,462 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 36% (male 17,732,725; female 17,125,562)
15-64 years: 59% (male 27,562,285; female 29,165,138)
65 years and over: 5% (male 1,911,968; female 2,274,784) (July 1996
est.)
Population growth rate: 1.87% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 26.24 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 4.58 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female
all ages: 0.97 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 25 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 73.67 years
male: 70.07 years
female: 77.45 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.03 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Mexican(s)
adjective: Mexican
Ethnic divisions: mestizo (Indian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or
predominantly Amerindian 30%, Caucasian or predominantly Caucasian
9%, other 1%
Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%
Languages: Spanish, various Mayan dialects
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
total population: 89.6%
male: 91.8%
female: 87.4%
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: United Mexican States
conventional short form: Mexico
local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos
local short form: Mexico
Data code: MX
Type of government: federal republic operating under a centralized
government
Capital: Mexico
Administrative divisions: 31 states (estados, singular - estado)
and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja
California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua,
Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango,
Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo,
Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga,
Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas,
Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas
Independence: 16 September 1810 (from Spain)
National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September (1810)
Constitution: 5 February 1917
Legal system: mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law
system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not
enforced)
Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government: President Ernesto ZEDILLO
Ponce de Leon (since 1 December 1994) was elected for a six-year
term by popular vote; election last held 21 August 1994 (next to be
held NA 2000); results - Ernesto ZEDILLO Ponce de Leon (PRI) 50.18%,
Cuauhtemoc CARDENAS Solorzano (PRD) 17.08%, Diego FERNANDEZ DE
CEVALLOS (PAN) 26.69%; other 6.049%
cabinet: Cabinet was appointed by the president
Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congreso de la
Union)
Senate (Camara de Senadores): elections last held 21 August 1994
(next to be held NA July 1997 for one-quarter of the seats); results
- percent of vote by party NA; seats in full Senate - (128 total;
Senate expanded from 64 seats at the last election) PRI 93, PRD 25,
PAN 10
Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados): elections last held 24
August 1994 (next to be held NA July 1997); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (500 total) PRI 300, PAN 119, PRD 71, PT 10
Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de
Justicia), judges are appointed by the president with consent of the
Senate
Political parties and leaders: (recognized parties) Institutional
Revolutionary Party (PRI), Santiago ONATE Laborde; National Action
Party (PAN), Carlos CASTILLO; Popular Socialist Party (PPS),
Indalecio SAYAGO Herrera; Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD),
Porfirio MUNOZ Ledo; Cardenist Front for the National Reconstruction
Party (PFCRN), Rafael AGUILAR Talamantes; Democratic Forum Party
(PFD), Pablo Emilio MADERO; Mexican Green Ecologist Party (PVEM),
Jorge GONZALEZ Torres; Workers Party (PT), Alberto ANYA Gutierrez
Other political or pressure groups: Roman Catholic Church;
Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM); Confederation of Industrial
Chambers (CONCAMIN); Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce
(CONCANACO); National Peasant Confederation (CNC); Revolutionary
Workers Party (PRT); Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and
Peasants (CROC); Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers (CROM);
Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX);
National Chamber of Transformation Industries (CANACINTRA);
Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations (COECE);
Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services (FESEBES)
International organization participation: AG (observer), APEC,
BCIE, Caricom (observer), CCC, CDB, EBRD, ECLAC, FAO, G- 6, G-11,
G-15, G-19, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC,
IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM (observer), OAS, OECD,
OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNU, UPU, WCL,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Jesus SILVA Herzog Flores
chancery: 1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006
telephone: [1] (202) 728-1600
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso,
Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San
Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)
consulate(s): Albuquerque, Austin, Boston, Brownsville (Texas),
Calexico (California), Corpus Christi, Del Rio (Texas), Detroit,
Eagle Pass (Texas), Fresno (California), Loredo, McAllen (Texas),
Midland (Texas), Nogales (Arizona), Oxnard (California),
Philadelphia, Sacramento, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino,
San Jose, Santa Ana, Seattle
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador James R. JONES
embassy: Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico,
Distrito Federal
mailing address: P. O. Box 3087, Laredo, TX 78044-3087
telephone: [52] (5) 211-0042
FAX: [52] (5) 511-9980, 208-3373
consulate(s) general: Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Tijuana
consulate(s): Hermosillo, Matamoros, Merida, Nuevo Laredo
Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in
its beak) is centered in the white band
Economy
-------
Economic overview: Mexico has a free market economy with a mixture
of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly
dominated by the private sector. Mexico entered 1996 on the heels of
its worst recession since the 1930s. Economic activity contracted
about 7% in 1995 in the aftermath of the peso devaluation in late
1994. Although Mexico City was able to correct imbalances in its
external accounts, meet international payments obligations, and
dramatically improve its trade balance in 1995, the domestic economy
suffered harshly as the ZEDILLO administration stuck to a strict
austerity program. The tight monetary and fiscal policies helped
prevent spiraling inflation and kept government spending under
control but drove interest rates to record heights, making it
difficult for most Mexicans to service their debts. At the same
time, consumers' reduced purchasing power made buying even
necessities difficult for some. Many small- and medium-sized firms
were unable to survive under the twin burdens of high interest rates
and depressed domestic demand for their goods. Business closures and
cutbacks fueled unemployment; more than 1 million Mexicans lost
their jobs. According to the government and most private sector
observers, the recession bottomed out in the third quarter of 1995,
but the difficult year fed growing dissatisfaction with the ruling
party, led to a crisis of confidence in President ZEDILLO'S ability
to lead, and spurred increased tensions within the ruling party.
While the ZEDILLO administration is optimistic that 1996 will bring
some recovery - the government is forecasting 3% growth and 21%
inflation - Mexico will face several key vulnerabilities, including
the financial health of the banking sector, shaky investor
confidence that could be easily jarred by more political or economic
shocks, and increasingly emboldened dissenters within the ruling
party.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $721.4 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: -6.9% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $7,700 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: 8.5%
industry: 28.4%
services: 63.1%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 52% (1995 est.)
Labor force: 33.6 million (1994)
by occupation: services 31.7%, agriculture, forestry, hunting, and
fishing 28%, commerce 14.6%, manufacturing 11.1%, construction 8.4%,
transportation 4.7%, mining and quarrying 1.5%
Unemployment rate: 10% (1995 est.) plus considerable
underemployment
Budget:
revenues: $56 billion (1995 est.)
expenditures: $54 billion (1995 est.), including capital
expenditures of $NA
Industries: food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and
steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles,
consumer durables, tourism
Industrial production growth rate: -7.5% (1995 est.)
Electricity:
capacity: 28,780,000 kW
production: 122 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 1,239 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee,
fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products
Illicit drugs: illicit cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis
continues in spite of increasing government eradication; major
supplier of heroin and marijuana to the US market; continues as the
primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South
America; increasingly involved in the production and distribution of
methamphetamine
Exports: $80 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.), includes in-bond
industries
commodities: crude oil, oil products, coffee, silver, engines, motor
vehicles, cotton, consumer electronics
partners: US 85%, Japan 1.6%, EU 4.6% (1994 est.)
Imports: $72 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.), includes in-bond
industries
commodities: metal-working machines, steel mill products,
agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for
assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft
parts
partners: US 69%, Japan 6%, EU 12% (1994 est.)
External debt: $155 billion (1995 est.)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $85 million (1993)
note: US commitments, (Emergency Stabilization Fund), $13.5 billion;
IMF, $13 billion (1995-96)
Currency: 1 New Mexican peso (Mex$) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates: market rate of Mexican pesos (Mex$) per US$1 -
7.6647 (December 1995), 6.4194 (1995), 3.3751 (1994), 3.1156 (1993),
3,094.9 (1992), 3,018.4 (1991)
note: the new peso replaced the old peso on 1 January 1993; 1 new
peso = 1,000 old pesos
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation
--------------
Railways:
total: 20,567 km
standard gauge: 20,477 km 1.435-m gauge (246 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 90 km 0.914-m gauge (1994)
Highways:
total: 245,433 km
paved: 88,601 km (including 4,286 km of expressways)
unpaved: 156,832 km (1993 est.)
Waterways: 2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals
Pipelines: crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km;
natural gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km
Ports: Acapulco, Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Ensenada, Guaymas, La
Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Progreso, Salina Cruz,
Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz
Merchant marine:
total: 51 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 875,314 GRT/1,245,932
DWT
ships by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, container 4, liquefied
gas tanker 7, oil tanker 29, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off
cargo 2, short-sea passenger 3 (1995 est.)
Airports:
total: 1,411
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 9
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 25
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 88
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 66
with paved runways under 914 m: 815
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 50
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 358 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 11,890,868 (1993 est.)
Telephone system: highly developed system with extensive microwave
radio relay links; privatized in December 1990
domestic: adequate telephone service for business and government,
but the population is poorly served; domestic satellite system with
120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network
international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic
Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); launched Solidaridad I satellite in
November 1993 and Solidaridad II in October 1994, giving Mexico
improved access to South America, Central America and much of the US
as well as enhancing domestic communications; linked to Central
American Microwave System of trunk connections
Radio broadcast stations: AM 679, FM 0, shortwave 22
Radios: 22.5 million (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 238
Televisions: 13.1 million (1992 est.)
Defense
-------
Branches: National Defense (includes Army and Air Force), Navy
(includes Naval Air and Marines)
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49: 23,945,962
males fit for military service: 17,451,706
males reach military age (18) annually: 1,057,538 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $2.24 billion,
0.9% of GDP (1996)
======================================================================