total: 35
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 1
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 2
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 4
with paved runways under 914 m: 10
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 6
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 12 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 87,700 (1987 est.)
Telephone system: well-developed by African standards but
operating well below capacity
domestic: open-wire lines and microwave radio relay
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic
Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); 2 coaxial submarine cables
Radio broadcast stations: AM 71, FM 0, shortwave 13
Radios: NA
Television broadcast stations: 18
Televisions: 810,000 (1993 est.)
Defense
-------
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie,
Presidential Guard
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49: 3,386,638
males fit for military service: 1,762,412
males reach military age (18) annually: 157,712 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $140 million,
1.4% of GDP (1993)
======================================================================
@Croatia
-------
Map
---
Location: 45 10 N, 15 30 E -- Southeastern Europe, bordering the
Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
Flag
----
Description: red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian
coat of arms (red and white checkered)
Geography
---------
Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
Geographic coordinates: 45 10 N, 15 30 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total area: 56,538 sq km
land area: 56,410 sq km
comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
total: 2,073 km
border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km,
Serbia and Montenegro 266 km (241 km with Serbia; 25 km with
Montenego), Slovenia 546 km
Coastline: 5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)
Maritime claims:
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
International disputes: Eastern Slavonia, which was held by ethnic
Serbs during the war, is currently being overseen by the UN
Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia; reintegration of
Eastern Slavonia into Croatia will occur in 1997; although Croatia
does not recognize the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia," both
countries have agreed to open consular sections in each other's
capitals; Croatia and Italy have not resolved a bilateral issue
dating from WWII over property and ethnic minority rights; a border
dispute with Slovenia is unresolved
Climate: Mediterranean and continental; continental climate
predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry
summers along coast
Terrain: geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian
border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline,
and islands
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Dinara 1,830 m
Natural resources: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore,
calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt
Land use:
arable land: 32%
permanent crops: 20%
meadows and pastures: 18%
forest and woodland: 15%
other: 15%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:
current issues: air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and
resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from
industrial and domestic waste; widespread casualties and destruction
of infrastructure in border areas affected by civil strife
natural hazards: frequent and destructive earthquakes
international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous
Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air
Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Law of the Sea
Geographic note: controls most land routes from Western Europe to
Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits
People
------
Population: 5,004,112 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 18% (male 453,142; female 431,118)
15-64 years: 69% (male 1,731,200; female 1,716,824)
65 years and over: 13% (male 252,897; female 418,931) (July 1996
est.)
Population growth rate: 0.58% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 9.83 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 11.33 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: 7.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female
all ages: 0.95 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 72.81 years
male: 69.13 years
female: 76.72 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.4 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Croat(s)
adjective: Croatian
Ethnic divisions: Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian
0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others 8.1% (1991)
Religions: Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%,
Protestant 0.4%, others and unknown 10.8%
Languages: Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian,
Hungarian, Czechoslovak, and German)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.)
total population: 97%
male: 99%
female: 95%
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: Republic of Croatia
conventional short form: Croatia
local long form: Republika Hrvatska
local short form: Hrvatska
Data code: HR
Type of government: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Zagreb
Administrative divisions: 21 counties (zupanijas, zupanija -
singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Neretva,
Istra, Karlovac, Koprivnica-Krizevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj,
Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonija, Primorje-Gorski Kotar,
Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski Brod-Posavina, Split-Dalmatia,
Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin, Zagreb
Independence: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday: Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)
Constitution: adopted on 22 December 1990
Legal system: based on civil law system
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Franjo TUDJMAN (since 30 May 1990) was
elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last
held 4 August 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Franjo
TUDJMAN reelected with about 56% of the vote; his opponent Dobroslav
PARAGA received 5% of the vote
head of government: Prime Minister Zlatko MATESA (since NA November
1995) and Deputy Prime Ministers Mate GRANIC (since 8 September
1992), Ivica KOSTOVIC (since 14 October 1993), Jure RADIC (since NA
October 1994), Borislav SKEGRO (since 3 April 1993), and Ljerka
MINTAS-HODAS (since November 1995) were appointed by the president
cabinet: Council of Ministers was appointed by the president
Legislative branch: bicameral parliament Assembly (Sabor)
House of Districts (Zupanije Dom): elections last held 7 and 21
February 1993 (next to be held NA February 1997); results - percent
of vote by party NA; seats - (68 total; 63 elected, 5 presidentially
appointed) HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, Istrian Democratic Assembly 3,
SPH-SDP 1, HNS 1
House of Representatives (Zastupnicki Dom): elections last held 29
October 1995 (next to be held NA 1999); results - HDZ 45.23%,
HSS/IDS/HNS/HKDU/SBHS 18.26%, HSLS 11.55%, SDP 8.93%, HSP 5.01%;
seats - (127 total) HDZ 75, HSLS 12, HSS 10, SDP 10, IDS 4, HSP 4,
HNS 2, SNS 2, HND 1, ASH 1, HKDU 1, SBHS 1, independents 4
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges appointed for eight-year
terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by
the Chamber of Representatives; Constitutional Court, judges
appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the
Republic, which is elected by the Chamber of Representatives
Political parties and leaders: Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ),
Franjo TUDJMAN, president; Croatian Democratic Independents (HND),
Stjepan MESIC, president; Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS),
Vlado GOTOVAC, president; Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP),
Ivica RACAN; Croatian Party of Rights (HSP), Ante DAPIC; Croatian
Peasants' Party (HSS), Josip PANKRETIC; Croatian People's Party
(HNS), Radimir CACIC, president; Serbian National Party (SNS), Milan
DJUKIC; Action of the Social Democrats of Croatia (ASH), Miko
TRIPALO; Croatian Christian Democratic Union (HKDU), Marko VASELICA,
president; Istrian Democratic Assembly (IDS), Ivan JACKOVIC;
Slanvonsko-Baranja Croatian Party (SBHS)
Other political or pressure groups: NA
International organization participation: CCC, CE (guest), CEI,
EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM
(observer), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WToO, WTrO (applicant)
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Miomir ZUZUL
chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 588-5899
FAX: [1] (202) 588-8936
consulate(s) general: New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission: Ambassador Peter W. GALBRAITH
embassy: Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb
mailing address: US Embassy, Zagreb, Unit 1345, APO AE 09213-1345
telephone: [385] (41) 455-55-00
FAX: [385] (41) 455-85-85
Flag: red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of
arms (red and white checkered)
Economy
-------
Economic overview: Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the
Republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and
industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third
above the Yugoslav average. Croatia faces considerable economic
problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime communist
mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage during the
internecine fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings,
and houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and Bosnian;
and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former
Yugoslav republics, as well as within its own territory. Western aid
and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would
help restore the economy. The government has been successful in some
reform efforts including stabilization policies and has normalized
relations with creditors. Yet it still is struggling with
privatization of large state enterprises and with bank reform. The
draft 1996 budget, which had raised concerns about inflation,
capitalizes on the "peace dividend" to boost expenditures on the
repair and upgrading of infrastructure.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $20.1 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 1.5% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $4,300 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector:
agriculture: 12.7%
industry: 30.6%
services: 56.7% (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (1995)
Labor force: 1.444 million (1995)
by occupation: industry and mining 31.1%, agriculture 4.3%,
government 19.1% (including education and health), other 45.5% (1993)
Unemployment rate: 18.1% (January 1996)
Budget:
revenues: $3.86 billion
expenditures: $3.72 billion, including capital expenditures of $320
million (1994 est.)
Industries: chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated
metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum,
paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles,
shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages
Industrial production growth rate: 0.9% (1995 est.)
Electricity:
capacity: 3,630,000 kW
production: 11.234 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 2,000 kWh (1993 est.)
Agriculture: wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, alfalfa,
clover, olives, citrus, grapes, vegetables; livestock breeding,
dairy farming
Illicit drugs: transit point for Southwest Asian heroin to Western
Europe
Exports: $4.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities: machinery and transport equipment 13.6%, miscellaneous
manufactures 27.6%, chemicals 14.2%, food and live animals 12.2%,
raw materials 6.1%, fuels and lubricants 9.4%, beverages and tobacco
2.7% (1993)
partners: Germany 22.9%, Italy 21.2%, Slovenia 18.3% (1993)
Imports: $5.2 billion (c.i.f., 1994)
commodities: machinery and transport equipment 23.1%, fuels and
lubricants 8.8%, food and live animals 9.0%, chemicals 14.2%,
miscellaneous manufactured articles 16.0%, raw materials 3.5%,
beverages and tobacco 1.4% (1993)
partners: Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Iran
External debt: $3.15 billion (September 1995)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $NA
note: IMF has given Croatia $192 million; World Bank has given
Croatia $100 million
Currency: 1 Croatian kuna (HRK) = 100 paras
Exchange rates: Croatian kuna per US$1 - 5.405 (January 1996),
5.230 (1995), 5.996 (1994), 3.577 (1993)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation
--------------
Railways:
total: 2,699 km
standard gauge: 2,699 km 1.435-m gauge (1213 km electrified)
note: disrupted by territorial dispute with Serbia (1994)
Highways:
total: 27,378 km
paved: 22,176 km (including 302 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,202 km (1991 est.)
Waterways: 785 km perennially navigable
Pipelines: crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas
310 km (1992); note - under repair following territorial dispute
Ports: Dubrovnik, Omisalj, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split,
Zadar
Merchant marine:
total: 39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 203,495 GRT/252,818 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 23, chemical tanker 1, container 3, oil
tanker 1, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo
2, short-sea passenger 4
note: Croatia owns an additional 140 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
totaling 3,368,035 DWT operating under the registries of Malta,
Liberia, Cyprus, Panama, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, and Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines (1995 est.)
Airports:
total: 68
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 2
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 6
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 2
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 3
with paved runways under 914 m: 47
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 7 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 2 (1995 est.)
Communications
--------------
Telephones: 1.216 million (1993 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: NA
international: no satellite earth stations
Radio broadcast stations: AM 14, FM 8, shortwave 0
Radios: 1.1 million
Television broadcast stations: 12 (repeaters 2)
Televisions: 1.52 million (1992 est.)
Defense
-------
Branches: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces,
Frontier Guard, Home Guard
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49: 1,314,718
males fit for military service: 1,046,490
males reach military age (19) annually: 34,914 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: 337 billion to 393 billion dinars, NA% of
GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US
dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading
results
======================================================================
@Cuba
----
Map
---
Location: 21 30 N, 80 00 W -- Caribbean, island between the
Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Florida
Flag
----
Description: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom)
alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the
hoist side bears a white five-pointed star in the center
Geography
---------
Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the
North Atlantic Ocean, south of Florida
Geographic coordinates: 21 30 N, 80 00 W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
total area: 110,860 sq km
land area: 110,860 sq km
comparative area: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Land boundaries:
total: 29 km
border country: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km
note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains
part of Cuba
Coastline: 3,735 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased
to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can
terminate the lease
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November
to April); rainy season (May to October)
Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and
mountains in the southeast
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Pico Turquino 2,005 m
Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese,
salt, timber, silica, petroleum
Land use:
arable land: 23%
permanent crops: 6%
meadows and pastures: 23%
forest and woodland: 17%
other: 31%
Irrigated land: 8,960 sq km (1989)
Environment:
current issues: pollution of Havana Bay; overhunting threatens
wildlife populations; deforestation
natural hazards: the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August
to October (in general, the country averages about one hurricane
every other year); droughts are common
international agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified -
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Marine Life
Conservation
Geographic note: largest country in Caribbean
People
------
Population: 10,951,334 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 22% (male 1,256,674; female 1,191,652)
15-64 years: 68% (male 3,753,343; female 3,736,043)
65 years and over: 10% (male 478,630; female 534,992) (July 1996
est.)
Population growth rate: 0.44% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 13.37 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 7.39 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
all ages: 1 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 75.05 years
male: 72.71 years
female: 77.54 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.52 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Cuban(s)
adjective: Cuban
Ethnic divisions: mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%
Religions: nominally Roman Catholic 85% prior to CASTRO assuming
power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also
represented
Languages: Spanish
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
total population: 95.7%
male: 96.2%
female: 95.3%
Government
----------
Name of country:
conventional long form: Republic of Cuba
conventional short form: Cuba
local long form: Republica de Cuba
local short form: Cuba
Data code: CU
Type of government: Communist state
Capital: Havana
Administrative divisions: 14 provinces (provincias, singular -
provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial);
Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma,
Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas,
Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa
Clara
Independence: 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898;
administered by the US from 1898 to 1902)
National holiday: Rebellion Day, 26 July (1953); Liberation Day, 1
January (1959)
Constitution: 24 February 1976
Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large
elements of Communist legal theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Suffrage: 16 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government: President of the Council of
State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz
(prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when
office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976) and First
Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of
the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December
1976) were elected by the National Assembly
cabinet: Council of Ministers were proposed by the president of the
Council of State, appointed by the National Assembly
Council of State: members elected by the National Assembly
Legislative branch: unicameral
National Assembly of People's Power (Asemblea Nacional del P:
elections last held NA February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998);
seats - 589 total, elected directly from slates approved by special
candidacy commissions
Judicial branch: People's Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo
Popular), president, vice president, and other judges are elected by
the National Assembly
Political parties and leaders: only party - Cuban Communist Party
(PCC), Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary
International organization participation: CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77,
IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat
(nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer),
NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO,
WTrO
Diplomatic representation in US: none; note - Cuba has an
Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer
Fernando REMIREZ DE ESTENOZ; address: Cuban Interests Section, Swiss
Embassy, 2639 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone: [1]
(202) 797-8518 through 8520
US diplomatic representation: none; note - the US does have an
Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer
Joseph G. SULLIVAN; address: USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada Entre L Y
M, Vedado Seccion, Havana; telephone: 33-3551 through 3559, 33-3543
through 3547 (operator assistance required); FAX: 33-3700;
protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland
Flag: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom)
alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the
hoist side bears a white five-pointed star in the center
Economy
-------