“The king comes! The king is entering Bautzen!”
This announcement brought pale terror to the hearts of the Prince of
Prussia and his generals. They who had heretofore sprang joyfully to
meet the call of their king, now trembled at his glance. They must now
present to him the sad and despoiled remnant of that great army which,
under the command of the Prince Augustus William of Prussia, had made
the retreat from Lausitz.
It had, indeed, been the most fearful retreat ever attempted by the
Prussian troops. It had cost them more than the bloodiest battle, and
they had suffered more from hardships during the last few days than ever
before during a whole campaign. They had marched over narrow, stony,
rugged mountain-paths, between hills and horrible abysses, sometimes
climbing upward, sometimes descending. Thousands died from exhaustion;
thousands pressed backward, crushed by those in the front; thousands,
forced onward by those in the rear, had stumbled and fallen into
fathomless caverns, which lay at the foot of these mountain passes,
yawning like open graves. If a wheel broke, the wagon was burned; there
was no time for repairs, and if left in the path, it interrupted the
passage of the flying army. At last, in order to facilitate the flight,
the provision-wagons were burned, and the bread divided amongst the
soldiers; the equipages and pontoon-wagons were also burned. Exhausted
by their unusual exertions, beside themselves from pain and unheard-of
suffering the whole army was seized with a death-panic.
The soldiers had lost not only all faith in their good fortune, but all
faith in their leaders. Thousands deserted; thousands fled to escape
death, which seemed to mock at and beckon to them from every pointed
rock and every dark cavern. [Footnote: Warner’s “Campaigns of Frederick
the Great”.]
While one part of the army deserted or died of hunger or exhaustion,
another part fought with an intrenched enemy, for three long days, in
the narrow pass of Gabel, under the command of General von Puttkammer.
They fought like heroes, but were at last obliged to surrender, with two
thousand men and seven cannon. Utterly broken by these losses, dead and
dying from starvation and weariness, the army drew off toward Zittau.
There was but one thought which sustained the wearied, and lent strength
to the starving. In Zittau were immense magazines of grain. In Zittau,
the rich Saxon city, which throughout all Saxony was called the
gold-mine, they dared hope for rest and opportunity to recover.
Before this unhappy army reached Zittau, Duke Charles of Lothringen was
in advance of them. With wanton cruelty he reduced the industrious, open
city to ashes, destroyed the Prussian magazines, and, with his army,
trampled upon the ruins and the corpses of this unfortified town. The
Prussians had now lost their last hope. They encamped by Lodau, and
after a short rest, advanced to Bautzen, which city the king had
appointed for the reunion of the two army corps. And now, one day after
the arrival of this miserable remnant of an army, the king entered the
camp of Bautzen.
The unhappy moment was at hand; they must now meet the stern eye of
the king. These were bold, heroic generals--the Prince of Prussia, Von
Bevern, Von Wurtemberg, Von Dessau, Winterfeldt, Goltz, Ziethen, Krokow,
and Schmettau. Bravely, triumphantly had they fought in all previous
battles, but now, amidst defeat and disaster, they must meet the eye of
the king. This was more dangerous to them than the most deadly battle,
and they shrank appalled before this fearful encounter.
Silently, and frowning darkly, the generals mounted their horses, and
rode down the highway--the Prince of Prussia in advance, and by his side
the Duke of Wurtemberg. And now, in front of them, in an open space,
they saw the king. He was on his horse, and looked sternly toward them.
The Prince of Prussia trembled, and, involuntarily checking his horse,
he stooped with a weary smile toward the duke.
“I have a feeling,” said he, in low tones, “as if my fate was advancing
threateningly, in the form of my brother. It glowers upon me with a
glance which announces that I am condemned to death. Look, duke! my
sentence is written in the raging eye of the king.”
“The king’s wrath will not fall upon you alone,” whispered the duke,
“but upon us all. This is a wild tempest, which threatens us all in the
same moment with destruction.”
“A tempest? yes! the thunder rolls over all, but the stroke of lightning
falls only upon me; and I--I am the one,” said the prince, solemnly; “I
am the sacrificial offering chosen by the king, with which he will seek
to propitiate the frowning gods of destiny.”
“God forbid!” said the duke, sadly. “The king will be just! He will see
that these frightful misfortunes were unavoidable; that we are innocent.
He will listen to our explanations; he--”
“I tell you,” said Augustus William, “he will demand a subject for his
scorn. I shall be this sacrifice! Well, so let it be; I am willing to
be offered up for my fatherland! Let us go onward, duke.” He drew his
bridle and they rode forward.
The king remained immovable in the same spot, his proud head erect, and
his icy glance fixed steadily upon them.
As they drew nearer, and could no longer doubt that he recognized them,
the king moved slowly round, and turned his back upon them. They were
greatly embarrassed--undecided what to do; they looked to the prince,
in the hope that he would advance and announce himself to the king, and
compel him to notice them. Prince Augustus William did not advance; he
stood firm and immovable, as if moulded in brass. No muscle of his face
moved, but his pale and tightly-compressed lips slightly trembled. The
generals followed his example. Silently, immovably they stood behind
him, their eyes fixed upon the king, who remained still with his back
turned to them.
There was a long and painful pause; not a word was spoken. Those who
were arranging the tents for the king’s troops were moving actively
about, and now they drew near with their measuring-line, exactly to the
spot upon which the king stood. He was forced to take another position;
he turned his horse, and stood exactly in front of his generals. His
countenance was not calm and cold, it flashed with rage. The Prince of
Prussia had the courage to brave his anger, and, drawing near, he bowed
profoundly.
The king did not answer his greeting, and, indeed, appeared not to see
him. A black cloud was on his brow, and it became still blacker as the
other generals dared to approach and salute him. Suddenly, in that tone
of voice he was accustomed to use only upon the field of battle the king
called out:
“Goltz, come here!”
The general advanced from the circle, with a firm military bearing, and
approached the king.
“Goltz,” said he, loudly, and looking as if he wished to crush the
unhappy general--“Goltz, tell my brother and the other generals that if
I did justice, I would take off their heads--Winterfeldt only excepted.”
[Footnote: The king’s own words--“Characteristics of the Seven Years’
War.”]
A murmur of discontent was heard amongst the generals, and every eye was
fixed angrily upon Winterfeldt. He turned deadly pale, and looked down,
as if ashamed of the exception the king had made, and dared not gaze
upon those whose guilt he shared, and whose punishment he escaped.
The king fixed his eye so piercingly upon the murmurers, that they felt
his glance upon them, without daring to meet it. Only the Prince of
Prussia drew still nearer to the king.
“Sire,” said he, in a calm voice, “my duty demands that I should give
your majesty a list of the army. Will you be graciously pleased to
accept it from me?” He took the paper from his pocket, and handed it to
the king, who snatched it from him hastily, and turned his back again
upon them.
“Withdraw, messieurs,” said he, “your presence oppresses me; you remind
me of the disgraceful defeat my army has suffered, through the guilt of
its leaders.”
“Sire,” said the Duke of Severn, “will your majesty listen to our
justification?”
“Justification!” cried the king, with flashing eyes--“if this
unparalleled disgrace which you have all brought upon my army could be
justified, I might pity; but I must curse you. Go, sir duke, I will not
look upon you.” And springing with youthful activity from his horse, he
entered his tent.
The generals were alone. They looked upon each other’s death-like faces
with suppressed scorn upon their trembling lips, and tears of rage in
their eyes.
“Shall we bear this shame silently?” said one.
“Shall we allow ourselves to be scolded like schoolboys?” said another.
“Shall we suffer foul accusations to be brought against us, and no
opportunity granted for justification?”
As the murmur of the generals became louder, the Prince of Prussia, who
had been standing aside in deep thought, came forward. An expression of
calm resolve was written upon his noble features.
“No, gentlemen, you shall not suffer this. I undertake to justify you to
the king.”
“Do not attempt it, prince,” said the Duke of Wurteinberg; “at least,
not in this hour. The king will crush you in his rage!”
Prince Augustus William cast his eyes to heaven, saying, “I am in the
hands of God. I would rather die by the king’s rage than to endure his
contempt. The king made me commander-in-chief of this army corps,
and accuses me of failure in duty! He shall hear my defence. As a
Hohenzollern, as a general, as his brother, I demand the right to make
my report.” He advanced hastily toward the king’s tent, but the Duke of
Severn held him back.
“Will your royal highness allow me to accompany you?” said he. “The
king’s scorn fell upon me personally, and I also demand a hearing.”
“No one shall accompany me,” said the prince, solemnly. “None but
God shall be witness to what we have to say. Wait for me, therefore,
gentlemen. I shall soon return.” He bowed and entered the king’s tent.
“Announce me to his majesty,” he said to the guard, who returned
immediately and opened the inner door of the tent.
The prince entered with a firm step and head erect--the door closed
behind him--the two brothers were alone.
The king sat upon a camp-stool by a little table covered with papers. He
held in his hand the paper which the prince had given him, and appeared
to be reading it eagerly. The prince stood for some time silently at
the door; at last, weary of waiting, he entered the tent and stepped
directly before the king.
King Frederick arose and fixed his great eyes scornfully upon his
brother. “I gave you an army corps of thirty-six thousand men, and you
bring me back sixteen thousand! Where have you left my soldiers?”
“They lie in the narrow pass of Gabel--in the chasms of the Erz
mountains--they have died of hunger and thirst, and they have deserted,”
said Prince Augustus, solemnly.
“And you dare to tell me this?” said the king.
“I dare to tell you what fate has brought upon us.”
“Fate?” cried the king, shrugging his shoulders. “Fate is ever the
excuse for the crimes, and follies of man. Your obstinacy and your
disobedience are what you call fate. Prince Augustus William of Prussia,
how did you dare to act contrary to my instructions, and to conduct this
retreat through the mountains, and not by the highways?”
“Your majesty gave me no instructions,” said the prince, eagerly. “Your
majesty commanded me to take counsel of my generals in every movement,
and I did so. I should not have retreated through the mountains had they
not advised it in consideration of the real approach of the enemy. But I
do not say this to excuse myself, or to accuse them, but to prove to my
brother the king that it was unjust to place me under the guardianship
and direction of his generals--unjust to place a mentor by my side who
is my enemy--who hates me and seeks my destruction!”
“Do you dare to reproach me?” said the king, in a thundering voice.
“In this hour I dare all,” said the prince, steadily. “This is a
decisive hour between you and me, my brother. It is a strife of
intellect, of spirit; and although I know I am too weak to conquer, I
will at least fall with honor--with my sword in my hand! I shall fall,
but you shall not consider me a cowardly mute who does not dare to
defend himself. I know that I have been slandered to you; I know that
those whom you honor with your friendship are spies upon my every word
and look, and report to your majesty what they hear and what they do not
hear--what is true and what is not true. I know I have been robbed of
my brother’s love, but I will not consent to the loss of his respect and
consideration. Sire, Winterfeldt wrote to you; I know that he did so. If
he wrote that I was obstinate and self-willed, and alone answerable for
the disasters of the army, [Footnote: Warner’s “Campaigns of Frederick
the Great.”] I call God to witness that he slandered me. Your majesty
speaks of instructions. I received none. I would remind you that I
entreated you in vain to give me partial instructions--that I wrote down
your majesty’s verbally expressed opinions, and implored you to add
to them your approval, or written remarks and explanations. [Footnote:
“Recueil des Lettres du Roi de Prusse et du Prince de Prusse.”] Your
majesty returned the paper without signature or remark. I alone
should bear the responsibility, and if this sad retreat should end
disastrously, the whole world might say, ‘This was the work of the
Prince of Prussia!’ Look you, my brother, I know, I feel this. The lost
battle of Collin demanded an offering, and I was predestined for the
sacrifice.”
The king uttered a cry of rage, and advanced against the prince without
outstretched arm, but suddenly recovered his self-control, folded his
arms, and stared coldly at the prince.
“I have listened quietly to you, hoping always I might possibly find in
your words a glimmer of excuse for your blasphemous deeds. I find none.
Have you finished, or have you still something to say?”
“I have this to say, sire: I demand that my conduct be investigated.”
“Woe to you if I do this--woe to you if I listen to your bold, insane
demand!” Stepping before the prince, and fixing his eye upon him,
he said: “You have acted not like a Prussian, not like a general of
Prussian troops, but like an enemy--like an ally of Austria and of
France, who sought only for means to destroy the Prussian army and put
an end to this war. I know that it never had your approval, because
directed against your beloved France.”
“Ah, my brother, you distrust me!” cried the prince, fiercely.
“Yes, I distrust you,” said the king, eagerly--“I distrust you, and you
merit it! You have just said that this was an important hour between us.
Well, then, it shall be so. I accept this strife of words which you have
the audacity to offer me. This was not cautiously, not wisely done,
on your part. You yourself have armed me--my weapons are sharp. I have
suffered much during my whole life because of you, my brother. This
began even in the days of our childhood, and will, as it appears, follow
me to the grave. You were the favorite of my father, and I remember well
that he one day proposed to me to relinquish the throne in your favor. I
withstood him. I did not pay for this opposition with my life, but with
my life’s happiness. I will not account this against you; perhaps you
were innocent; but it appears to me you have not forgotten our father’s
wish--that you look upon me as a usurper, who has robbed you of your
throne. You act as if you had the right to measure and criticise all my
undertakings, and to make yourself a judge over me. I undertook this war
with the conviction of my right and my royal duty. You dared to protest
against it. You dared, in the presence of my generals, to speak of
your claims and the claims of your children! Oh, sir, you were already
thinking of the time when you would lay my head in the vault and walk
over my dead body to a throne! In that hour you stood no longer by my
side as my subject, as my brother, as my friend, but as an ambitious
prince royal, who hates his king who keeps him from his crown, and who
is hated of the king because he reminds him of his death! And during no
moment since then could you have denied this hatred.”
“Oh, my brother!” said the prince, painfully, “your own hatred has
blinded you and made you unjust. I have always loved and admired you,
even when I did not approve of your undertakings.”
“And yet it was you, you alone,” said the king, hastily, “who dared,
after the fatal disaster of Collin, to utter loud cries of grief and
despair. When my courier brought to you and the generals and the
army the mournful news of the lost battle of Collin, in place of
strengthening and encouraging my warriors--consoling and inspiring them
with confidence in their royal leader--you dared, in the presence of
all my generals, to cry and whimper, not over destiny, not over the
inconstancy of fortune, but over the conduct of your brother and your
king. In place of justifying me to my silent and cast-down generals, you
accused me boldly, and made my misfortune my crime.” [Footnote: Betzow’s
“Characteristics of Frederick.”]
“It is true,” murmured the prince, “distress and grief overcame me and
robbed me of my reason.”
“Even because you were so wise and bold a warrior,” said the king, with
a cold smile, “I wished to give you an opportunity to prove your genius
to my whole people, whose sovereign you will one day be. Because you
wept and clamored before say generals over my faults as a leader, I
wished you to prove to them that you were capable of commanding and
bringing good out of evil. I trusted you with my third army corps--I
expected it to retreat safely and surely under your command, after I had
almost led it to destruction in a bloody, disastrous battle. I gave you
the opportunity to make yourself a god in the eyes of my soldiers,
a glorious model to my generals. What use have you made of these
advantages? You bring me crippled, hungry, desperate soldiers! You bring
me generals covered with shame, and blushing over their guilt. If I
should deal with them as they deserved, I would give them over to a
courtmartial and they would be condemned.”
“And still I am not conscious of any fault,” said the prince. “I dare to
say fate was against me, and that I am wholly innocent.”
“And I repeat to you your conduct has been that of an ally of France,
who wished destruction to the Prussians, and to close this hated war!”
“If that were so, I would be a traitor!” said the prince.
“And who will dare say that you are not?” cried the king. “Who will say
that he who, while I was engaged in war with France, exchanged the most
tender letters with the former French ambassador Valori, and complained
to this Frenchman of the obstinacy of his brother, who is also his king?
Who will say that this man is not a traitor? Was it not known to you, my
brother, when you wrote to Valori, that the French had already invaded
my Westphalian provinces? It was known to you--and yet you dared to
write to a Frenchman that you were convinced of the decline of my
kingdom. And yet you dared to bring charges against me, and to say: ‘Ce
seront mes enfants qui seront les victimes des fautes passees.’ Did you
not know that it was the Marquise de Pompadour who gave occasion for
this war? You knew it, and yet you commissioned Valori to entreat the
marquise to have her portrait painted for you! Now, sir, I ask you, in
all candor, if these are not the acts of a traitor?”
The prince made a passionate exclamation, and laid his hand upon his
sword.
“You dare to dishonor me, sire!”
“I dare it! I dare to tell you the truth,” said the king, solemnly.
“Take your hand from your sword--the truth is an enemy that you cannot
contend against with weapons, but with deeds, and your conduct testifies
against you.”
The prince breathed heavily, and turned deadly pale.
“The contest is over. Your majesty fights against me with weapons which
I do not possess, and would not dare use, and against which I cannot
defend myself. You open my private letters, and from the harmless
confidences of friendship you make a traitor of me. To call me a
traitor, is to degrade me. I am dishonored; and with a dishonored
culprit your majesty cannot contend. I will therefore withdraw. No one
will see the wounds you have inflicted--which have pierced my heart;
but, I tell you, my brother, I will die of these wounds.”
“And in heaven, I suppose, you will accuse me as your murderer?” said
the king, ironically.
“No! in heaven I will pray for my fatherland,” said Prince Augustus
William, mildly. He bowed respectfully, turned, and left the room.
Without stood the generals, maintaining a solemn silence. When they saw
the prince appear at the door of the king’s tent, so pale, so suffering,
a prophetic warning filled every breast. It seemed to them that a dying
man approached them, and with inexpressible sorrow held out his hand for
a last farewell.
“It is passed! The battle is ended!”
At this moment the adjutant of the king left the tent, and approached
the generals, who stood near the prince.
“His majesty commands you to see that the soldiers of the third army
corps are kept, as far as it is possible, entirely separated from the
rest of the army. You will immediately convey the order to the king’s
army, that all intercourse between them and the third army corps
is forbidden, as this corps seems to have lost all courage and all
honorable feeling.”
[Footnote: Kustrin, “Characteristics from the Life of Frederick the
Great”]
“The king’s commands shall be obeyed,” said the generals, coldly.
The prince was completely overcome by this last blow, and leaned for
a moment upon the arm of the Duke of Wurtemberg; he soon recovered
himself, and turning to General Schultz, he said:
“Go and bring me, from the king, the watchword of the third army corps.”
General Schultz withdrew, but returned quickly from the king’s tent,
with a dark frown upon his face.
“Well,” said the prince, “have you the watchword?”
“No, your royal highness! The king says, that for cowards and fugitives
he has no watchword, and he commanded me to go to the devil.”
A murmur of rage was heard amongst the generals. The prince let his
glance wander from one to the other of these dark faces.
“Gentlemen,” said he, “the tempest will soon be over, and the sun will
shine again for you; I am the only cloud now round about you, and I will
withdraw.”
“What! will you desert us?” said the generals, sadly.
“Do I not belong to the third army corps?” said the prince, with a
painful smile. “It may be that the king will command his soldiers to
have no intercourse with the commander of the third army corps, and you
can understand that I prefer to anticipate him.”
“Will your highness allow me to accompany you?” said the Duke of Bevern.
“I also will not allow myself to be despised and railed at without any
opportunity accorded me of explanation.”
The prince shook his head.
“You must remain, general; the army cannot spare its brave leaders. I,
however--I must go. I will be the peace-offering for you all. I am sure
this will content my brother the king.”
“Allow me, at least, to accompany your royal highness,” said General
Schmettau. “The king commanded me, through his adjutant, to withdraw,
and never dare to present myself before his eyes again. I also must
leave the army.”
The prince gave him his hand.
“You are, then, a welcome companion. Let us ride on to Bautzen, where we
can refresh ourselves, and then go on to Dresden.”
“Will you really leave us?” said the Duke of Wurtemberg, sadly.
“Would you have me wait for still further degradation?” said the prince.
“No, it is enough--more than I can bear.--My horse! General, let us
mount.”
The two horses were brought forward. The generals placed themselves
in front, to take leave of their former commander-in-chief, with all
military honor.
Prince Augustus rode slowly on. Everywhere he met sad faces and eyes
filled with tears. Tears indeed were in his own eyes, but he would not
weep--not now; there was time enough for tears. He could weep during the
sad remainder of his life. He forced his voice to be firm, and, waving
his sword to the generals, as a last greeting, he said:
“I hope no one of you will hold me for a coward. I am forced by the king
to leave the army.” He turned his horse, and, followed by Schmettau,
with head erect, he moved slowly off.
“Now, by Heaven,” cried Ziethen, “he shall not leave the camp in this
contemptible way! I will give him a suitable guard. Let the king rage; I
can stand it!” He nodded to an officer. “Listen, Von Wendt, take half
a company for a guard, and follow immediately behind the prince, to
Bautzen.”
A few moments later, an officer sprang along the highway to Bautzen,
accompanied by his hussars; they soon overtook the prince, who greeted
them kindly.
“Schmettau,” said he, “Death avoided me so long as I was on the
battle-field, now I bear him along with me; and thus must it be, till
the pale king of terrors carries me to another world.” He turned his
eyes away from the Prussian camp, and rode slowly to Bautzen.