GENUS. NYCTALEMON, _Dalman._ (Prod. Monogr. Castn.) Urania. Divis. C.
_Latr. et God._ Papilio (Equit. Achiv. _Linn._), Noctua, _Fabr._
(SUBGENUS. Orontes, _Swainson, Zool. Illustr. 2d. series_, 125.)
NYCTALEMON PATROCLUS. Alis supra fuscis, subtus griseis fusco undatis,
utrinque fasciâ communi mediá rectâ albâ, posticis caudatis. (Expans.
Alar. fere 6 unc.)
SYN. Papilio (Eq. Achiv.) Patroclus, _Linn. Syst. Nat._ 2. 749. _No._ 24.
_Cramer, Pap. pl._ 198. _fig._ A. _pl._ 109. _fig._ A. B. _Herbst. Pap.
tab._ 54. _fig._ 2. 3. _tab._ 55. _f._ 1.
Noctua Patroclus, _Fab. Ent. Syst._ 3. 2. _p._ 8. _No._ 2.
Urania Patroclus, _Latr. et God. Enc. Méth._ ix. 710.
HABITAT: China (_Drury_). Java, Amboyna (_Enc. Méth._).
_Upper Side._ The antennæ are about an inch long, slender, setaceous, and
gradually diminishing from the base to the extremities. The head is
small. The thorax is clothed with long soft hair, and, {14}with the
abdomen, is of a darkish brown. A remarkable straight narrow line, or
bar, of a cream colour, arises from the middle of the anterior edge of
each of the fore wings, and, crossing both anterior and posterior wings,
ends at the abdominal edges, about half an inch below the abdomen; so
that, when the wings are extended, as in the figure, these lines, with
the anterior edges, form an equilateral triangle. The space within the
triangle is dark brown; but the parts, near the shoulders, are lighter,
having a greyish cast or hue, and contain many small transverse curved
streaks, extending to the anterior edges, where they are large, black,
and very conspicuous, like stripes. Some transverse markings of this
kind, are dispersed on the posterior edges of the superior wings, and
also on the abdominal edges of the posterior. On the outside the
triangle, both on the anterior and posterior wings, is a fascia, of light
brown, about half an inch broad, which deepens into a dark brown. On the
posterior wings, after becoming dark, it softens again into the same
light colour, continuing to the external edges. Each of these wings is
ornamented with two tails, the inner ones the longest and near an inch in
length, the tips of which incline towards each other; the lesser or outer
tails, are about half an inch long, strengthened by the tendons of the
wings passing through the middle of them; all of them being bordered with
a soft ray of dark brown.
_Under Side._ The bars or lines, which form the triangle on the upper
side, are not visible on this; but the inclosed triangular field appears
of a light greyish brown, darker at the borders, and thickly beset with
small brown streaks, parallel to each other, and surrounding the body.
The costal nerve of the anterior wings composes an edging in each, about
an eighth of an inch broad, which diminishes as it approaches the
external angle, white, and beautifully marked with black streaks, but
smaller than those seen on the upper side. Outside the triangle, both in
the anterior and posterior wings, is a broad border of white, which
softens into a brown, but lighter than that on the upper side. Both in
the white, and in the brown, are some small dashes of black, very thinly
dispersed. The internal margin of the posterior wings is furnished with a
deep fringe, and the black marks situated below the abdomen, are larger
and broader than those on the upper side. The tails are whitish, bordered
with brown, and appear as on the upper side.
This is one of those anomalous forms, whereof examples occur in every tribe
of animals, baffling the skill of the most profound systematists. By
Linnæus, and many other authors, it was considered as a butterfly, and
certainly the genus Urania (in which it is placed by Latreille), as we
learn from Mr. W. S. MacLeay's valuable memoir upon that genus, published
in the first volume of the Transactions of the Zoological Society of
London, is composed of day-flying species. Fabricius, however, regarded it
as a moth, belonging to the genus Noctua, and nearly related to the genus
Erebus, of which the Erebus Odora, figured in the third plate of the
present volume, is a conspicuous species; and when we examine the structure
of the palpi, and the spurs upon the posterior tibiæ, we find good reason
for adopting this relation, admitting, at the same time, that the group in
question is one which, from its various affinities and analogies, it is
very difficult to assign to any single section.
{15}CALLIMORPHA PHYLLIRA.
Plate VII. fig. 2.