STATUES AND MONUMENTS[1]
[1] A complete list of the statues and monuments will be found in the
Appendix, p. 347.
STATUE OF GEN. GEORGE WASHINGTON
The most precious work of art in the United States is the life mask of
George Washington by the noted French sculptor, Jean Antoine Houdon,
who in 1785 was commissioned by the State of Virginia to execute a
marble statue of George Washington. Houdon crossed the ocean, setting
sail from Paris, France, on July 22 of that year for this purpose, in
company with Benjamin Franklin. For 10 days he was a guest of General
Washington at Mount Vernon, making studies and a cast. Having made his
models, Houdon returned to France, reaching home on January 4, 1786.
It took him two years to model and carve the statue, and the completed
work arrived at Richmond in 1788. Eight years later the statue was
installed in the rotunda of the State capitol, where it stands to-day.
The statue represents Washington in the uniform of a Revolutionary
officer; and, according to John Marshall, his intimate friend, this
three-quarter view corresponds more to the exact likeness of Washington
than any other portrait. A copy of this statue is in the Rotunda of the
Capitol, the gift of the State of Virginia to the Nation. The life mask
is at Mount Vernon.
TRIPOLI COLUMN
This was the first and only monument that stood in Washington for a
period of 26 years. It was erected in memory of the heroes that fell
before Tripoli in 1804. It had been made at the expense of officers
of the Navy and was brought from Italy in the U. S. S. _Constitution_
to the navy yard, where it was erected in 1808 under the direction of
Benjamin H. Latrobe, Architect of the Capitol. Afterwards, when in 1814
the navy yard was burned by the British, it was placed at the west
side of the Capitol. During the reconstruction and enlargement of the
Capitol to its present size it was removed.
In November, 1860, it was taken to the United States Naval Academy at
Annapolis, where it stands to-day.
The chief motif of the monument is an artistically designed, simple
Doric column, surmounted by an eagle. It was procured through the
efforts of Admiral Porter, who commissioned a noted Italian sculptor of
the time, Micali, of Leghorn, to execute the monument.
[Illustration: TRIPOLI COLUMN, AT ANNAPOLIS, MD.]
STATUE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON
This statue is by Horatio Greenough, who, born in Boston in 1805, was
a noted American sculptor of the early days of the Republic. He was
the first American deliberately to choose sculpture as a profession
and to go abroad for serious study. He became absorbed with art as he
saw it in Italy, and those who have seen the massive Roman statuary
of the Farnese collection at Naples, in addition to the priceless
collections of statuary of classical times at Rome and Florence, can
make due allowance for the conception of the ponderous figure of George
Washington by Greenough when he was commissioned by Congress in 1832
to execute the statue. He was at work on the statue for eight years,
during the period of the classical revival in this country, marked by
the construction of the Patent Office, the old Post Office, and the
Treasury Department Buildings.
The statue is 12 feet high, and of Carrara marble. It cost $44,000.
After many perils by sea and land, it reached this city in 1843. At the
Capitol it was found that the doors were not large enough to permit its
passage, and they were temporarily widened to admit the statue, where
it was given a place in the Rotunda, but its immense weight was too
heavy for the floor, and it was transferred to the plaza in front of
and facing the Capitol. It remained there for over half a century, and
in 1908 was removed to the National Museum.
This statue of Washington in Roman toga, seated in a curule chair,
was often ridiculed. One wrote that Washington was supposed to be
saying, as he pointed in two directions, “My body is at Mount Vernon,
my clothes are in the Patent Office.” Nevertheless, the statue had its
friends. In 1841 Edward Everett wrote of it, “I regard Greenough’s
Washington as one of the greatest works of sculpture of modern times.”
It is an art treasure of the past, and as such is rightly cherished
to-day.
STATUE OF GEN. ANDREW JACKSON
This statue in Lafayette Square, north of the White House, is the
first equestrian statue cast in the United States. It is the work of
Clark Mills, sculptor, who, while he was in the South preparing to go
abroad, was persuaded to come to Washington and submit to Members of
Congress sketches of an equestrian statue. They were so highly pleased
with them that Mills was commissioned to produce the statue, and to do
this he built a foundry in northeast Washington at a place now called
Mills Avenue. The cost of the statue was $32,000. Congress appropriated
$20,000 and the Jackson Democratic Association of Washington the
balance. Congress also appropriated $8,000 for the pedestal. The
statue was unveiled January 8, 1853, the thirty-eighth anniversary of
Jackson’s victory at New Orleans. Stephen A. Douglas, then a United
States Senator, delivered the oration.
[Illustration: STATUE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON]
[Illustration: STATUE OF GEN. ANDREW JACKSON]
[Illustration: THE ADAMS MEMORIAL]
Repeated attempts have been made in the past 25 years to relocate the
statue, but without success. It has been suggested that it be placed at
the north steps of the Treasury Department Building. Some years ago the
suggestion was made to have the statue exchange places with the General
Washington Statue in Washington Circle. It met with strong objection.
To relocate the statue would require an act of Congress. However, the
statue is regarded a landmark in the city, and, as heretofore stated,
it is the first equestrian statue cast in the United States, having
thus added historic interest.
ADAMS MEMORIAL
The Adams Memorial, a veiled female figure in bronze, by Saint-Gaudens,
in Rock Creek Cemetery, was erected in 1891. Under the carpet of pine
needles the bodies of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Adams are buried. There is no
inscription; not even a date on the architectural features, designed by
Stanford White. Thick planting of pines and shrubs completely secludes
the monument. Friends of the sculptor deplore the fact that this, his
masterpiece, has come to be known as the Statue of Grief, as such a
title is wholly at variance with the artist’s conception. It is, in
fact, a monument without a name, though the artist preferred the title,
“The Peace of God.” The sculptor endeavored to comprise in the figure
the thought of the philosophy of the ages--the great mystery of the
human race and of history--that being called man and his destiny. It
is a world-famous monument, and each year thousands of visitors to
the National Capital gladly travel the 4 miles directly north of the
Capitol to see it.
STATUE OF GENERAL LAFAYETTE
The statue of General Lafayette is situated on the southeast corner of
Lafayette Square. It is a heroic bronze statue by Alexander Falguiere
and Antoine Mercie, noted French sculptors. The statue stands on a
marble pedestal, on the north side of which are two cherubs holding up
the inscription:
BY THE CONGRESS IN COMMEMORATION OF THE SERVICES RENDERED BY
GENERAL LAFAYETTE AND HIS COMPATRIOTS DURING THE STRUGGLE FOR THE
INDEPENDENCE OF AMERICA
Congress appropriated $50,000 for the statue and pedestal, and it was
completed in April, 1891. It is 45 feet high. On the east side are
two heroic French naval figures, Comte d’Estaing (north) and Comte de
Grasse (south), and an anchor. On the west side are two heroic French
Army officers who served during the Revolution, Comte de Rochambeau
(south) and Chevalier Duportail (north), and a mortar. On the south
side of the pedestal is a figure symbolizing America, lifting up a
sword to General Lafayette, with the inscription:
TO GENERAL LAFAYETTE AND HIS COMPATRIOTS, 1777-1783
There were no ceremonies of dedication, but the statue is annually the
scene of ceremonies, including the presentation of a wreath by some
patriotic organization, such as the Sons of the American Revolution, on
Lafayette’s Birthday, September 6.
STATUE OF ALEXANDER R. SHEPHERD
The statue standing in front of the District Building, at Fourteenth
Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., was unveiled May 3, 1909. The cost
of its erection, $10,192.67, was defrayed by public subscription in the
city of Washington.
The statue is the work of U. S. J. Dunbar, sculptor. It perpetuates
the memory of a man who in the face of great opposition accomplished
wonders for the National Capital.
Mr. Shepherd, for the years 1873 and 1874, was Governor of the District
of Columbia, and previous to that had been vice president and executive
officer of the board of public works, which inaugurated a program
for municipal improvement that led to the transformation of the city
in that day, as has been heretofore described. Driven from the city,
he went to Mexico and accumulated a fortune, returning later to
Washington. His tomb is in Rock Creek Cemetery, not far from the famous
Adams Memorial.
STATUE OF HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW
This bronze statue is situated at the intersection of Eighteenth Street
and Connecticut Avenue, at M Street NW., in one of the many triangular
reservations that are so numerous in Washington and which, in addition
to furnishing sites for monuments, help to make the city so attractive.
It was presented to the National Capital by the Longfellow Memorial
Association and unveiled May 15, 1909. Congress appropriated $4,000 for
the pedestal and furnished the site. The pedestal is of Milford pink
granite, polished. The statue is the work of William Couper, sculptor.
Longfellow, in academic gown, is seated.
STATUE OF JOHN WITHERSPOON
This statue stands in front of the Church of the Covenant, on
Connecticut Avenue, near that of Longfellow. Congress provided the site
and pedestal at a cost of $4,000. It is the work of William Couper,
sculptor. It was presented to the United States by the Witherspoon
Memorial Association, and unveiled May 20, 1909.
John Witherspoon was a Presbyterian clergyman, at one time president
of what is now Princeton University, and one of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence, the only clergyman among the signers of
that famous document.
[Illustration: STATUE OF GENERAL LAFAYETTE]
[Illustration: STATUE OF HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW]
[Illustration: STATUE OF JOHN WITHERSPOON]
[Illustration: GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC MEMORIAL]
On the north side of the pedestal is a quotation from Witherspoon, made
during the War for Independence, as follows:
FOR MY OWN PART, OF PROPERTY I HAVE SOME, OF REPUTATION MORE. THAT
REPUTATION IS STAKED, THAT PROPERTY IS PLEDGED ON THE ISSUE OF THIS
CONTEST, AND ALTHOUGH THESE GREY HAIRS MUST SOON DESCEND INTO THE
SEPULCHRE, I WOULD INFINITELY RATHER THAT THEY DESCEND THITHER BY THE
HAND OF THE EXECUTIONER THAN DESERT AT THIS CRISIS THE SACRED CAUSE
OF MY COUNTRY
MEMORIAL OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC TO DR. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
STEPHENSON
This memorial was presented to the United States by the Grand Army of
the Republic, in commemoration of Dr. Benjamin Franklin Stephenson,
organizer and founder of the Grand Army of the Republic, and stands
near Pennsylvania Avenue at Seventh Street NW.
The monument is a solid granite shaft, in form a triangular pyramid.
The bronze figures represent three great principles. Fraternity,
symbolized by a soldier and a sailor, is on the west side. Over the
group is the inscription:
1861-1865
Underneath is a bronze medallion of Doctor Stephenson, also the badge
of the Grand Army of the Republic, obverse and reverse being shown, and
the inscription:
GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, ORGANIZED AT DECATUR, ILLINOIS, APRIL 6,
1866, BY BENJAMIN FRANKLIN STEPHENSON, M. D.
On the southeast side of the shaft is a female figure representing
Loyalty, holding a shield and drawn sword, and an inscription:
WHO KNEW NO GLORY BUT HIS COUNTRY’S GOOD
On the northeast side Charity is represented by a woman protecting a
child, with the inscription:
THE GREATEST OF THESE IS CHARITY
The monument cost $45,000, of which $10,000 was appropriated by
Congress for the pedestal, by act of March 4, 1907. It is the work of
J. Massey Rhind, sculptor. The monument was unveiled July 3, 1909,
during the administration of President Taft, who delivered an address
on the occasion.
STATUE OF GEN. CASIMIR PULASKI
The Pulaski monument, completed in 1910, and dedicated May 11, 1910,
the same day as was the Kosciuszko monument, is an equestrian by
Kasimiriez Chodzinski, sculptor, and stands on Pennsylvania Avenue,
at Thirteenth Street NW. It cost $55,000, which was appropriated by
Congress.
[Illustration: STATUE OF GENERAL CASIMIR PULASKI]
The monument represents General Pulaski in his military uniform seated
on his horse “in action.” The pedestal, which is 9 feet high, is by
Albert R. Ross, architect. It rests on a large platform, measuring 20
by 16 feet. The equestrian, with its pedestal, is one of the best in
the city.
ZERO MILESTONE
The Zero Milestone takes the place of the itinerary column planned
by L’Enfant for a place 1 mile east of the Capitol, “from which all
distances of places through the continent were to be calculated.” That
column never was built.
The Zero Milestone is immediately south of the White House grounds.
It is a block of granite 4 feet high with a bronze compass design
on top, and stands on the meridian of the District of Columbia. The
monument shows on the street side the designation Zero Milestone,
with the insignia of the Motor Transport Corps, U. S. Army. The
inscriptions on the other three sides show that it constitutes a point
from which distances may be measured on highways of the United States
radiating from Washington, and that it was the starting point of the
transcontinental motor-transport convoys over the Lincoln and the
Bankhead Highways in 1919 and 1920, respectively. The monument was
authorized by act of Congress approved June 5, 1920. It was designed by
Horace W. Peaslee, architect, of Washington.
DUPONT MEMORIAL
The Dupont Memorial Fountain, at Dupont Circle, was designed by Daniel
Chester French, sculptor, and Henry Bacon, architect. The fountain was
dedicated on May 17, 1921, and cost $100,000. It replaces a portrait
statue of Admiral Dupont. The top bowl, in one piece, is 13 feet in
diameter.
There are three figures on the supporting column of the fountain,
representing The Sea, The Wind, and The Stars. The picture used in this
book shows the figure typifying The Sea. The fountain is of Georgia
marble.
STATUE OF JEANNE D’ARC
This statue, a copy of the celebrated Paul Dubois statue, one of the
masterpieces of modern art standing in front of Rheims Cathedral, is
situated on the grand terrace of Meridian Hill Park.
The statue is not large, measuring in length 10 feet and in height 9
feet. The pedestal is about 6 feet high. The casting was done under the
direction of the Ministère des Beaux Arts, in Paris. The pedestal was
designed by McKim, Mead & White, architects, of New York City.
[Illustration: STATUE OF JEANNE D’ARC]
[Illustration: DUPONT MEMORIAL FOUNTAIN]
[Illustration: ZERO MILESTONE]
[Illustration: STATUE OF DANTE]
[Illustration: GEN. U. S. GRANT MEMORIAL]
Congress authorized the erection of the statue on public grounds in the
National Capital, and the Commission of Fine Arts advised in the matter
of location and design of the pedestal.
In May, 1916, the commission received a communication from Mme. Carlo
Polifeme, President Fondatrice, Le Lyceum Société des Femmes de France
à New York, to this effect:
Le Lyceum Société des Femmes de France à New York, in a spirit
of patriotism, nurtured by exile, inspired with a deep sense of
the friendship that binds our two sister Republics, animated by a
sympathy born of closer and closer relations, “Le Lyceum” intends
to perpetuate these sentiments by erecting, in their new home, a
monument to Jeanne d’Arc, emblem of Patriotism, emblem of Love and
Peace. The statue of our French heroine will be built to the glory of
womanhood, dedicated by the women of France in New York to the women
of America, and offered to the city of Washington.
The President and his excellency the French ambassador attended the
unveiling, which took place on January 6, 1922, the five hundred and
tenth anniversary of the birth of Jeanne d’Arc.
The life of Jeanne d’Arc has been eulogized by the greatest of writers,
and to-day she is revered as one of the world’s great liberators. Her
spirit of patriotism and devotion has thrilled the ages.
STATUE OF DANTE
The statue of Dante, standing in Meridian Hill Park, was given to the
National Capital by Chevalier Carlo Barsotti, editor of Il Progresso
Italo-Americano, in behalf of the Italians of the United States in
commemoration of the six hundredth anniversary of the death of Dante
Alighieri, and unveiled on December 1, 1921. It is in bronze, 12 feet
high, and is the work of Commendatore Ettore Ximenes, sculptor, of
Rome. The artist has represented Dante in the gown of a scholar and
crowned with a laurel wreath.
The statue received an appropriate landscape setting upon the
completion of the lower garden of Meridian Hill Park.
GEN. U. S. GRANT MEMORIAL
The Grant Memorial, situated at the head of the Mall, in Union Square,
near the Capitol, was authorized by Congress in 1901, at a cost of
$250,000, the largest expenditure for statuary ever made by this
Government. It is said to be the second largest equestrian statue in
the world, being exceeded only by the Victor Emmanuel in Rome, which is
less than one-half foot higher.
The monument consists of a marble platform 252 feet in length and 69
feet at its greatest width, with steps on each side. In the center is
a pedestal 22 feet 6 inches high, on the top of which is a monumental
bronze figure of General Grant on horseback watching a battle. The
horse is 17 feet 6 inches high, two and one-half times life-size; the
monument is nearly 40 feet high. The top of General Grant’s army hat is
65 feet above the platform. The weight of the statue is 10,500 pounds.
[Illustration: GEN. U. S. GRANT MEMORIAL--CAVALRY GROUP]
[Illustration: GEN. U. S. GRANT MEMORIAL--ARTILLERY GROUP]
[Illustration: GEN. U. S. GRANT MEMORIAL]
The infantry is represented by two bronze tablets at each side of the
pedestal.
On the platform at the right a cavalry charge is in progress. There are
seven horses in the group.
On the platform at the left a battery of artillery is going into
action. There are five horses and four soldiers in this group.
In these groups the sculptor has given particular attention to
portraying the army equipment of the period.
Four great bronze lions are at each corner of the main pedestal,
guarding the flag. For the inscription the memorial has the single word
“Grant.”
The monument was cast by the Roman Bronze Works, of Brooklyn, N.
Y., and was dedicated April 27, 1922. Edward Pearce Casey was the
architect. The sculptor, Henry Merwin Shrady, died on April 12, a few
days before the dedication. The monument represents his most notable
work.
STATUE OF EDMUND BURKE
The statue of the eloquent defender of the rights of the American
Colonies in the British Parliament is situated in a triangle at the
intersection of Massachusetts Avenue and Eleventh Street NW. It is a
copy of the statue at Bristol, England, which city Burke represented
in Parliament. It was designed by the late Havard Thomas, and is
an excellent example of the work of one of the celebrated English
sculptors of recent times. The statue was given by Sir Charles Cheers
Wakefield, Bart., through the Sulgrave Institution. The pedestal was
designed by Horace W. Peaslee, architect, of Washington. The statue
was unveiled October 12, 1922, and accepted on the part of the United
States by the late Hon. John W. Weeks, Secretary of War.
STATUE OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON
This statue in bronze, about 9 feet in height, is on the south steps of
the Treasury Department Building. James E. Fraser is the sculptor. The
pedestal is of pink Milford granite and was designed by Henry Bacon,
architect.
If Alexander Hamilton, who was the first Secretary of the Treasury,
waited for more than a century to obtain representation in a capital
in part located through his sagacity and for the building of the
department his genius created, at least the result was well worth
the delay. By common consent the standing bronze figure of Hamilton,
dressed in a typical colonial costume, is notable for virility and
charm. It was unveiled May 17, 1923.
[Illustration: STATUE OF EDMUND BURKE]
[Illustration: STATUE OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON]
APPENDIX
STATUES AND MONUMENTS
--------------------+-------------------+-------------+---------------
Name and location | Sculptor and | Date | Cost
| architect | |
--------------------+-------------------+-------------+---------------
| | |
Adams Memorial, Rock|Augustus |Erected 1891.|Gift of Henry
Creek Cemetery. |Saint-Gaudens. | |Adams,
| | |historian.
| | |
Bishop Francis |Augustus Lukeman, |Unveiled Oct.|Gift to city.
Asbury (equestrian),|sculptor. |15, 1924. |
16th and Harvard | | |
Sts. | | |
| | |
Commodore John |John J. Boyle, |Unveiled May |Act of
Barry, Franklin |Sculptor. |16, 1914. |Congress,
Park. | | |$50,000.
| | |
William Jennings |Gutzon Borglum, |Unveiled May |Gift to city.
Bryan, Potomac Park.|Sculptor. |3, 1934. |
| | |
Buchanan Memorial, |H. Schuler, |Unveiled |Do.
Meridian Hill Park. |sculptor; William |June 26, |
|Gordon Beecher, |1930. |
|architect. | |
| | |
Edmund Burke, 12th |Havard Thomas, |Unveiled |Do.
St. and |sculptor; Horace W.|Oct. 12, |
Massachusetts Ave. |Peaslee, architect.|1922. |
| | |
Butt-Millet Memorial|Daniel C. French, |Erected 1913.|Do.
Fountain, south of |sculptor; | |
White House. |Thomas Hastings, | |
|architect. | |
| | |
Colonial Settlers |Delos Smith, |April 25, |Do.
Monument, Ellipse, |architect. |1936. |
facing 15th Street. | | |
| | |
Columbus Memorial |Lorado Taft, |Unveiled |Act of
Fountain, |sculptor; D. H. |June 8, 1912.|Congress,
Union Station. |Burnham & Co., | |$100,000.
|architects. | |
| | |
Cuban Urn, Potomac |From fragments |1928. |Gift to city
Park. |of Maine Memorial. | |by Cuba.
| | |
Louis J. M. |Jonathan S. |Unveiled Aug.|Gift to city.
Daguerre, |Hartley, sculptor. |15, 1890. |
Smithsonian grounds.| | |
| | |
Dante Alighieri, |C. Ettore Ximenes, |Unveiled Dec.|Do.
Meridian Hill Park. |sculptor. |1, 1921. |
| | |
Darlington Memorial |C. P. Jennewein, |1923. |Do.
Fountain, Judiciary |sculptor. | |
Square. | | |
| | |
Jane A. Delano |R. Tait McKenzie, |Unveiled Apr.|Gift of Nurses
Memorial, |sculptor. |26, 1934. |of the
Red Cross grounds. | | |Red Cross.
| | |
District of Columbia|Frederick H. |November 11, |Gift to city.
World War Memorial. |Brooke, H. W. |1931. |
|Peaslee, and Nathan| |
|Wyeth, associated. | |
| | |
Dupont Memorial |D. C. French, |Unveiled May |Do.
Fountain, |sculptor; Henry |17, 1921. |
Dupont Circle. |Bacon, architect. | |
| | |
John Ericsson, |James E. Fraser, |Unveiled May |Act of
Potomac Park. |sculptor. |29, 1926. |Congress,
| | |$35,000; part
| | |gift of
| | |Scandinavians.
| | |
Admiral David |Vinnie Ream Hoxie, |Unveiled Apr.|Act of
Farragut, Farragut |sculptor. |25, 1881. |Congress,
Square. | | |$20,000.
| | |
First Division |D. C. French, |Unveiled Oct.|Gift to city.
Memorial, |sculptor; Cass |4, 1924. |
President’s Park. |Gilbert, architect.| |
| | |
Fountain, Botanic |Auguste Bartholdi, |1876. |Brought from
Gardens. |sculptor. | |Centennial
| | |Exposition,
| | |Philadelphia.
| | |
Benjamin Franklin, |Jacques Jouvenal, |Erected Jan. |Gift to city.
10th St. and |sculptor; after |17, 1889. |
Pennsylvania Ave. |Plassman. | |
| | |
Gallaudet Group, |Daniel Chester |Erected 1889.|Gift of the
Columbia Institute |French, sculptor. | |Deaf.
for Deaf Mutes. | | |
| | |
James A. Garfield, |J. Q. A. Ward, |Unveiled May |Congress,
First St. and |sculptor. |12, 1887. |$37,500; and in
Maryland Ave. | | |part gift.
| | |
James Cardinal |Leo Lentelli, |Erected 1932.|Gift to city.
Gibbons, 16th St. |sculptor; George | |
and Park Rd. |Koyl, architect. | |
| | |
Samuel Gompers and |Robert Aitken, |Dedicated |Do.
American Federation |sculptor. |Oct. 7, 1933.|
of Labor Memorial, | | |
10th St. and | | |
Massachusetts Ave. | | |
| | |
General U. S. Grant |Henry M. Shrady, |Dedicated |Act of
Memorial, Union |sculptor; Edward P.|Apr. 27, |Congress,
Square. |Casey, architect. |1922. |$250,000.
| | |
Gen. Nathanael |H. K. Brown, |Erected 1877.|Act of
Greene (equestrian),|sculptor. | |Congress,
Maryland and | | |$50,000.
Massachusetts Aves. | | |
NE. | | |
| | |
Dr. Samuel Gross, |A. Stirling Calder,|Unveiled May |Gift to city.
Smithsonian grounds.|sculptor. |5, 1897. |
| | |
Grand Army of the |J. Massey Rhind, |Unveiled July|Gift to city,
Republic Memorial, |sculptor; Rankin, |3, 1909. |$35,000; Act of
7th St. and |Kellogg & Crane, | |Congress,
Pennsylvania Ave. |architects. | |$10,000 for
| | |pedestal.
| | |
Hahnemann Memorial, |Charles Henry |Unveiled June|Gift to city.
Scott Circle. |Niehaus, sculptor. |21, 1900. |
| | |
Alexander Hamilton, |James E. Fraser, |Unveiled May |Do.
south steps of |sculptor; Henry |17, 1923. |
Treasury Building. |Bacon, architect. | |
| | |
Gen. Winfield S. |Henry J. Ellicott, |Unveiled May |Act of
Hancock |sculptor. |12, 1896. |Congress,
(equestrian), | | |$50,000.
between 7th and 8th | | |
Sts. on Pennsylvania| | |
Ave. | | |
| | |
Joseph Henry, |W. W. Story, |Unveiled Apr.|Act of
Smithsonian grounds.|sculptor. |19, 1882. |Congress,
| | |$15,000.
| | |
Gen. Andrew Jackson,|Clark Mills, |Unveiled Jan.|Act of
Lafayette Park |sculptor. |8, 1853. |Congress,
(first equestrian in| | |$32,000; part
U. S.). | | |gift.
| | |
Jeanne d’Arc. |Paul Dubois, |Unveiled Jan.|Gift to city.
|sculptor. |6, 1922. |
| | |
Thomas Jefferson |John R. Pope, |Under |Act of
Memorial, south of |architect. |construction.|Congress,
Tidal Basin. | | |$3,000,000.
| | |
Admiral John Paul |Charles H. Niehaus,|Unveiled Apr.|Act of
Jones, foot of 17th |sculptor; Thomas |17, 1912. |Congress,
St. |Hastings, | |$50,000.
|architect. | |
| | |
Gen. Thaddeus |Antoni Popiel, |Unveiled May |Gift to city.
Kosciuszko, |sculptor. |11, 1910. |
Lafayette Park. | | |
| | |
General Lafayette, |Alexandre Falguire |Erected 1891.|Act of
Lafayette Park. |and Antoine Mercie.| |Congress,
| | |$50,000.
| | |
L’Enfant Tomb, |Welles Bosworth, |Dedicated |Gift of
Arlington National |architect. |1909. |American
Cemetery. | | |Institute of
| | |Architects.
| | |
Abraham Lincoln, |Lott Flannery, |Unveiled Apr.|Gift to city.
Judiciary Square. |sculptor. |15, 1868. |
| | |
Lincoln the |Thomas Ball, |Unveiled Apr.|Gift of freed
Emancipator, Lincoln|sculptor. |14, 1876. |slaves to city.
Park. | | |
| | |
General John A. |Franklin Simmons, |Dedicated |Act of
Logan (equestrian), |sculptor. |Apr. 9, 1901.|Congress,
13th St. and Rhode | | |$50,000; part
Island Ave. | | |gift.
| | |
Henry W. Longfellow,|William Couper, |Unveiled May |Gift to city;
Connecticut Ave. and|sculptor. |15, 1909. |pedestal by
M St. | | |Congress.
| | |
Martin Luther, |Replica of figure |Erected 1884.|$10,000.
facing Thomas |by Reitschel at | |
Circle. |Worms. | |
| | |
Chief Justice John |W. W. Story, |do. |Gift to city.
Marshall, Capitol |sculptor. | |
grounds. | | |
| | |
Gen. George B. |Frederick |Unveiled May |Act of
McClellan |MacMonnies, |2, 1907. |Congress,
(equestrian), |sculptor. | |$50,000.
Connecticut Ave. | | |
and Columbia Rd. | | |
| | |
McMillan Fountain |Herbert Adams, |Erected 1913.|Gift to city.
(Senator James), |sculptor; Charles | |
McMillan Park. |A. Platt, | |
|architect. | |
| | |
Gen. James B. |Louis T. Rebisso, |Dedicated |Act of
McPherson |sculptor. |Oct. 18, |Congress,
(equestrian), | |1876. |$25,000; part
McPherson Square. | | |gift to city.
| | |
Gen. George G. |Charles Grafly, |Dedicated |Gift to city by
Meade, Union Square.|sculptor; Simon & |Oct. 19, |State of
|Simon, architects. |1927. |Pennsylvania;
| | |(cost
| | |$400,000).
| | |
Navy and Marine |Begni del Piatta, |Erected 1935.|Gift to city;
Memorial, Columbia |sculptor; Harvey W.| |base by the
Island. |Corbett, architect.| |Government.
| | |
Francis G. Newlands |Edward W. Donn, |Dedicated |Gift to city.
Memorial Fountain, |Jr., architect. |Oct. 12, |
Chevy Chase Circle. | |1933. |
| | |
Nuns of the Civil |Jerome Connor, |Unveiled |Do.
War Monument, Rhode |sculptor. |Sept. 20, |
Island Ave. and M | |1924. |
St. | | |
| | |
Peace Monument, 1st |Franklin Simmons, |Dedicated |Act of
St. and Pennsylvania|sculptor; Edward |1877. |Congress,
Ave. |Clark, architect. | |$20,000; part
| | |gift to city.
| | |
Albert Pike, 3d St. |G. Trentanove, |Unveiled Oct.|Gift to city.
and Indiana Ave. |sculptor. |23, 1901. |
| | |
Gen. Casimir Pulaski|K. Chodzinski, |Dedicated May|Act of
(equestrian), 13th |sculptor; Albert R.|11, 1910. |Congress,
St. and Pennsylvania|Ross, architect. | |$55,000.
Ave. | | |
| | |
Gen. John A. |Joseph A. Bailey, |Erected 1874.|Act of
Rawlins, 18th St. |sculptor. | |Congress,
and New York Ave. | | |$13,000.
| | |
General Rochambeau, |F. Hamar, of Paris,|Unveiled May |Act of
Lafayette Park. |sculptor. |24, 1902. |Congress,
| | |$22,500.
| | |
Theodore Roosevelt |F. L. Olmsted, |Island |Gift to city.
Memorial, Theodore |landscape |(formerly |Act of May 21,
Roosevelt Island. |architect; John R. |Analostan) |1932.
|Pope, architect. |acquired |
| |1931. |
| | |
Benjamin Rush, Naval|Roland Hinton | |Gift to city.
Medical School. |Perry, sculptor. | |
| | |
Gen. San Martin |Replica of one by |Dedicated |Do.
(equestrian), |Dumont at Buenos |Oct. 28, |
Judiciary Square. |Aires. |1925. |
| | |
General Winfield |Henry K. Brown, |Erected 1874.|Act of
Scott (equestrian), |sculptor. | |Congress,
Scott Circle. | | |$77,000.
| | |
General Winfield |Launt Thompson, |Erected 1873.|Gift to city.
Scott, Soldiers’ |sculptor. | |
Home grounds. | | |
| | |
Second Division |John R. Pope, |Dedicated |Do.
Memorial, |architect; James E.|July 18, |
President’s Park, |Fraser, sculptor. |1936. |
facing Constitution | | |
Avenue. | | |
| | |
Serenity Statue, |Jose Clara, |Erected 1924.|Do.
Meridian Hill Park. |sculptor. | |
| | |
Alexander R. |U. S. J. Dunbar, |Unveiled May |Do.
Shepherd, 14th St. |sculptor. |3, 1909. |
and Pennsylvania | | |
Ave. | | |
| | |
Gen. Philip Sheridan|Gutzon Borglum, |Unveiled Nov.|Act of
(equestrian), |sculptor. |25, 1908. |Congress,
Sheridan Circle. | | |$50,000.
| | |
Gen. William T. |Carl Rohl Smith, |Unveiled Oct.|Part gift,
Sherman |sculptor, and |15, 1903. |$11,000; acts
(equestrian), south |several others. | |of Congress,
of Treasury | | |$120,000.
Building. | | |
| | |
Gen. George H. |J. Q. A. Ward, |Dedicated |Act of
Thomas (equestrian),|sculptor. |Nov. 19, |Congress,
Thomas Circle. | |1879. |$25,000; part
| | |gift to city.
| | |
Titanic Memorial, |Mrs. Harry Payne |Unveiled May |Gift to city.
foot of New |Whitney, sculptor; |26, 1931. |
Hampshire Ave. |Henry Bacon, | |
|architect. | |
| | |
General Von Steuben,|Albert Jaegers, |Unveiled Dec.|Act of
Lafayette Park. |sculptor. |7, 1910. |Congress,
| | |$50,000.
| | |
Gen. Artemas Ward, |Leonard Crunelle, |Dedicated |Gift to city.
Nebraska and |sculptor. |Nov. 3, 1938.|
Massachusetts Aves. | | |
| | |
Gen. George |Clark Mills, |Unveiled Feb.|Act of
Washington |sculptor. |22, 1860. |Congress,
(equestrian), | | |$50,000.
Washington Circle. | | |
| | |
Washington Monument.|Robert Mills, |Dedicated |Act of Congress
|architect. |Feb. 21, |and part gift
| |1885. |to city.
| | |
Daniel Webster, near|G. Trentanove, |Unveiled Jan.|Act of
Scott Circle. |sculptor. |18, 1900. |Congress,
| | |$4,000; part
| | |gift to city.
| | |
John Witherspoon, |Wm. Couper, |Unveiled May |Gift to city;
Connecticut Ave. at |sculptor. |20, 1909. |pedestal by
N St. | | |Congress.
| | |
Zero Milestone. |H. W. Peaslee, |Erected 1922.|Act of
|architect. | |Congress.
--------------------+-------------------+-------------+---------------
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST OF BOOKS ON WASHINGTON
THE NATIONAL CAPITAL
HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION
(_By courtesy of the Library of Congress_)
A History of the National Capital, by W. B. Bryan.
A History of the United States Capitol, by Glenn Brown.
Washington in the Past, by Dr. S. C. Busey.
National Capital Centennial, 1900, compiled by William V. Cox.
With Americans of Past and Present Days, by J. J. Jusserand.
Historical Sketches of the Ten Miles Square, forming the District of
Columbia, by Jonathan Elliott, 1830.
The Improvement of the Park System of the District of Columbia. (S.
Rept. No. 166, 57th Cong., 1st sess., 1902.)
Park Improvement Papers, 1901. (S. Doc. No. 94, 56th Cong., 2d sess.)
The Improvement of the District of Columbia; papers by the American
Institute of Architects, 1900.
The Restoration of the White House. (S. Doc. No. 197, 57th Cong., 2d
sess., 1903.)
The Reports of the National Commission of Fine Arts, Nos. 1 to 12,
inclusive.
Daniel H. Burnham, Architect and Planner of Cities, by Charles Moore.
Public Buildings Commission Reports.
Reports of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission.
Reports of the Columbia Historical Society.
Centennial History of the City of Washington, D. C., by H. W. Crew.
Washington, the City and the Seat of Government, by Charles H. A.
Forbes-Lindsay.
The Capital of Our Country, by the National Geographic Society.
Our Capital on the Potomac, by Helen Nicolay.
Origin and Government of the District of Columbia, by William Tindall.
Washington: Its Beginning, Its Growth, and Its Future, by William H.
Taft. Published by the National Geographic Society.
Washington, Past and Present, by Charles Moore.
Art and Artists of the Capitol, by Charles E. Fairman. (S. Doc. No.
95, 69th Cong.)
Your Washington and Mine, by Louise Payson Latimer.
Walks About Washington, by Francis Ellington Leupp.
Washington, Its Sights and Insights, by Mrs. Harriet E. Monroe.
Early Days of Washington, by S. Somervell Mackall.
Washington and Its Romance, by Thomas N. Page.
Rand-McNally Guide to Washington and Environs.
The Standard Guide to Washington, by Charles B. Reynolds.
Rider’s Washington, by Arthur F. Rider.
The Book of Washington, by Robert Shackleton.
Washington, the National Capital, by H. P. Caemmerer.
Pictures of the City of Washington in the Past, by Dr. Samuel C.
Busey.
The First Forty Years of Washington Society, by Margaret Bayard Smith.
The Story of the White House, by Esther Singleton.
The Art Treasures of Washington, by Helen W. Henderson.
Washington, the Capital City, and Its Part in the History of the
Nation.
Development of the United States Capital. Addresses delivered in
the auditorium of the United States Chamber of Commerce Building,
Washington, D. C., April 25-26, 1929. (H. Doc. No. 35, 71st Cong.)
Washington, City of Mighty Events, by David R. Barbee.
Territorial Government of Washington, D. C., by Col. Ulysses S. Grant
III.
L’Enfant and Washington, by Elizabeth S. Kite.
Washington, Past and Present, by John C. Proctor.
Washington, D. C., the Nation’s Capital, a book for young people, by
Frances M. Fox.
Approaching Washington by Tidewater Potomac, by Paul Wilstach.
Washington, D. C., Committee on Marking Points of Historic Interest,
1929. (S. Doc. No. 228, 70th Cong., 2d sess.)
Society in Washington, by DeBenneville R. Keim.
Letters from a Senator’s Wife, by Mrs. Frances P. Keyes.
Our National Government; or, Life and Scenes in our National Capital,
by Mrs. J. A. Logan.
Picturesque Washington: Pen and Pencil Sketches of Its Scenery,
History, Traditions, Public and Social Life, by Joseph West Moore.
The Washington Sketch Book, by Joseph B. Varnum.
Washington: City and Capital. Federal Writers’ Project. Government
Printing Office, 1937.
Records of the Columbia Historical Society.
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES,
CHIEF MAGISTRATES OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL
1. GEORGE WASHINGTON, April 30, 1789, to March 3, 1797.
2. JOHN ADAMS, March 4, 1797, to March 3, 1801.
3. THOMAS JEFFERSON, March 4, 1801, to March 3, 1809.
4. JAMES MADISON, March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1817.
5. JAMES MONROE, March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1825.
6. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1829.
7. ANDREW JACKSON, March 4, 1829, to March 3, 1837.
8. MARTIN VAN BUREN, March 4, 1837, to March 3, 1841.
9. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, March 4, 1841, to April 4, 1841.
10. JOHN TYLER, April 6, 1841, to March 3, 1845.
11. JAMES K. POLK, March 4, 1845, to March 3, 1849.
12. ZACHARY TAYLOR, March 5, 1849, to July 9, 1850.
13. MILLARD FILLMORE, July 10, 1850, to March 3, 1853.
14. FRANKLIN PIERCE, March 4, 1853, to March 3, 1857.
15. JAMES BUCHANAN, March 4, 1857, to March 3, 1861.
16. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, March 4, 1861, to April 15, 1865.
17. ANDREW JOHNSON, April 15, 1865, to March 3, 1869.
18. ULYSSES S. GRANT, March 4, 1869, to March 3, 1877.
19. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, March 4, 1877, to March 3, 1881.
20. JAMES A. GARFIELD, March 4, 1881, to September 19, 1881.
21. CHESTER A. ARTHUR, September 20, 1881, to March 3, 1885.
22. GROVER CLEVELAND, March 4, 1885, to March 3, 1889.
23. BENJAMIN HARRISON, March 4, 1889, to March 3, 1893.
24. GROVER CLEVELAND, March 4, 1893, to March 3, 1897.
25. WILLIAM MCKINLEY, March 4, 1897, to September 14, 1901.
26. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, September 14, 1901, to March 3, 1909.
27. WILLIAM H. TAFT, March 4, 1909, to March 3, 1913.
28. WOODROW WILSON, March 4, 1913, to March 3, 1921.
29. WARREN G. HARDING, March 4, 1921, to August 2, 1923.
30. CALVIN COOLIDGE, August 3, 1923, to March 3, 1929.
31. HERBERT HOOVER, March 4, 1929, to March 3, 1933.
32. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, March 4, 1933-
QUOTATIONS FROM GREAT AMERICANS ON WASHINGTON, THE NATIONAL CAPITAL
“I most earnestly hope that in the National Capital a better
beginning will be made than anywhere else; and that can be made only
by utilizing to the fullest degree the thought and the disinterested
efforts of the architects, the artists, the men of art, who stand
foremost in their professions here in the United States and who ask
no other reward save the reward of feeling that they have done their
full part to make as beautiful as it should be the Capital City of
the Great Republic.”
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
“If General Washington, at a time when his country was a little
hemmed-in nation, boasting but a single seaboard, with a population
of only five million, and with credit so bad that lot sales,
lotteries, and borrowing upon the personal security of individuals
had to be resorted to in order to finance the new capital, could look
to the future and understand that it was his duty to build for the
centuries to come and for a great nation, how much more should we do
so now?”
WILLIAM H. TAFT.
It is hereby ordered that whenever new structures are to be erected
in the District of Columbia under the direction of the Federal
Government which affect in any important way the appearance of the
city, or whenever questions involving matters of art and with which
the Federal Government is concerned are to be determined, final
action shall not be taken until such plans and questions have been
submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts, designated under the act of
Congress of May 17, 1910, for comment and advice. (Executive order of
November 28, 1913.)
WOODROW WILSON.
“We are embarking on an ambitious building program for the city
of Washington. The Memorial Bridge is under way with all that it
holds for use and beauty. New buildings are soon contemplated. This
program should represent the best that exists in the art and science
of architecture. Into these structures, which must be considered as
of a permanent nature, ought to go the aspirations of the nation,
its ideals, expressed in forms of beauty. If our country wishes to
compete with others, let it not be in the support of armaments but
in the making of a beautiful capital city. Let it express the soul
of America. Whenever an American is at the seat of his Government,
however traveled and cultured he may be, he ought to find a city of
stately proportions, symmetrically laid out and adorned with the best
that there is in architecture, which would arouse his imagination
and stir his patriotic pride. In the coming years Washington should
be not only the art center of our own country but the art center of
the world. Around it should center all that is best in science, in
learning, in letters, and in art. These are the results that justify
the creation of those national resources with which we have been
favored.”
CALVIN COOLIDGE.
“This is more than the making of a beautiful city. Washington is
not only the Nation’s Capital, it is the symbol of America. By its
dignity and architectural inspiration we stimulate pride in our
country, we encourage that elevation of thought and character which
comes from great architecture.”
HERBERT HOOVER.
“In the Capital an example should be set for the country as a whole
in the matter of planning. Our national monuments will attract
seekers of the ideal in art. More and more it will become the
tendency to establish the headquarters of societies of literature and
art in Washington and to make bequests of collections to the National
Capital. Already there is a definite project to establish here in
Washington a national gallery of painting. Thus the Capital may be
foreseen as an art center responding to the desire of visitors from
all over the world and satisfying that demand. The public buildings,
as finally located and constructed, should place Washington in the
forefront of the architecturally beautiful cities of the world.”
ANDREW W. MELLON.
“The people of America are beginning to see that it is not necessary
to be commonplace in order to have common sense * * *. They wish for
themselves in the public buildings of municipalities and of States
and Nation to have the best results of time and the best attainments
of genius. What the people desire, their representatives in State
legislature, in municipal body, and in the Congress of the United
States desire for them. The art of our fathers, the art of our
private citizens, is to be the art of our people and of our whole
people.”
ELIHU ROOT.
“A city planned on such a noble scale as Washington is rare in the
world. It is almost unique. One hundred years of use has demonstrated
its merit. The plan of its founders should be maintained as the basis
for future development.”
CASS GILBERT.
A TRIBUTE FROM VISCOUNT BRYCE
“In these circumstances may not the city of Washington feel that
its mission in life is to be the embodiment of the majesty and the
stateliness of the whole Nation, representing all that is finest
in American conception, all that is largest and most luminous in
American thought; embodying: the Nation’s ideal of what the Capital
of such a Nation should be * * * the highest aspirations as to
external dignity and beauty that a great people can form for that
which is the center and national focus of their life.”
INDEX
Abingdon, site of, 117.
Ackerman & Ross, architects, 284.
Adams Memorial, 187, 325.
Adams, President John, 40.
Adams, President John Quincy, 45, 176, 268.
Agriculture, Department of, 89, 145, 284.
Alexandria, Va., 8, 37, 117.
Allied Architects, Inc., of Washington, 235.
American Battle Monuments Commission, 315.
American Institute of Architects, 73, 81, 146.
American Institute of Pharmacy, 277.
American University, 279.
Anacostia Park, 10, 161.
Arboretum, National, 161, 296.
Architecture, classical order of, 86, 165, 171, 196, 235, 261.
Archives Building, National, 284.
Arlington Mansion, 182, 309.
Arlington Memorial Amphitheater, 313.
Arlington Memorial Bridge, 93, 135, 284, 296.
Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission, 135.
Arlington National Cemetery, 82, 142, 309, 311.
Army War College, 284.
Art in the United States, influence on:
Centennial Celebration of 1876, 65.
World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893, 65.
Bacon, Henry, Architect, 131, 333, 343.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., 45.
Bancroft, George, 177.
Barsotti, Chevalier Carolo, gift of, 339.
Bennett, Parsons & Frost, architects, 284.
Bingham, Theodore A., Superintendent Public Buildings and Grounds,
146.
Blair, Gist, 153, 155.
Blashfield, Edwin Howland, mural painter, 247.
Blodgett Hotel, 43.
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 65.
Botanical Society of Washington, 11.
Botanic Garden, 296.
Brown, Arthur, architect, 284.
Brown, Glenn and Bedford, architects, 284.
Boundary Stones, District of Columbia, 19.
Bryce, Viscount, 279, 358.
Budget, Director of the, 307.
Building Regulations of President Washington, 21, 101, 105.
Bulfinch, Charles, Architect of the Capitol, 219.
Burke, Edmund, statue of, 343.
Burnes, David, 15.
Burnham, Daniel H., 77, 80, 210, 235.
Burnham & Co., D. H., 80, 235, 241.
Cabin John Bridge, 215.
Calvert Street Bridge, 284.
Capitol, the:
Bronze doors of, 224.
Description of, an early, 165.
Description of, a later, 219.
Enlargement of, 49, 219.
Group, 85.
House of Representatives wing of, bronze doors of the, 228.
Paintings in Rotunda of, 221.
Senate wing of, bronze doors of the, 226.
Capitol Grounds and Union Station Plaza, development, 296, 301.
Capitol Prison, old, 43.
Capper-Cramton Act, the, 108, 151.
Carnegie, Andrew, 276.
Carnegie Institution of Washington, 277.
Carrere & Hastings, architects, 235, 277, 313.
Carrollsburgh, 37.
Casey, Edward Pearce, architect, 245, 275, 284, 343.
Casey, Thomas Lincoln, 205.
Cassatt, Alexander J., president Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 84.
Catholic University of America, 279.
Centennial Celebration, influence on Art, 65.
Central Heating Plant for Public Buildings, 284.
Chain Bridge, 284.
Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, 277.
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Co., 45, 109, 182, 183.
Chicago, 65.
Chief of Engineers, 147.
Chodzinski, Kasimiriez, sculptor, 331.
Christ Church, Alexandria, Va., 117.
Christ Church, Washington, 187, 190.
Churches in Washington, National, 289.
Clarke, Gilmore D., 119.
Clay, Henry, 99, 176.
Columbia Institution for the Deaf, 279.
Columbia Island, 137, 142.
Columbus Monument, 241.
Commerce Building, Department of, 279.
Committee on the Library, 98, 161.
Congress of the United States, 228.
Congressional Cemetery, 190.
Congressional Record, 232.
Connogochegue River, 7.
Constitution Avenue, 135, 293.
Constitution Hall, 275.
Constitution of the United States:
Provision for Federal District, in, 4.
In Library of Congress, 247.
Continental Congress, the:
Cities occupied by, 1.
Inconvenienced by moving, 2.
Coolidge, President Calvin, 276, 296.
Coolidge, Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague, 250.
Council of Fine Arts, 95, 99.
Corbett, Harvey W., architect, 119.
Corcoran Gallery of Art, 65, 179, 275.
Corcoran House, 179.
Couper, William, sculptor, 326.
Courts of the District of Columbia, 193.
Crawford, Thomas, sculptor, 224, 226.
Cret, Paul P., architect, 252, 276, 284.
Custis, George Washington Parke, 182, 203, 309.
Dante, statue of, 159, 339.
D’Arc, Jeanne, statue of, 159, 333.
Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society of the, 275.
Decatur House, 176.
Declaration of Independence, 9.
In Library of Congress, 245.
Delano, Frederic A., 163.
Delano & Aldrich, architects, 284.
Dermott, James R., plan of, 32.
District of Columbia, the:
Act establishing, 7
Agreement for purchase of land for--
Terms of, 15;
Signers of, 16.
Board of Commissioners of, 7, 102, 305.
Government of the, 305.
Boundary stones of, 19.
Description of 1810-1815, 41.
Georgetown made part of, 179.
Government of the, 305.
Highway Plan of, 69.
One hundredth anniversary of removal of the seat of government to
the, 73.
Origin and form of government of, 305.
District of Columbia Courthouse, 193.
Douglas, Stephen A., 321.
Downing, A. J., 145.
Dubois, Paul, sculptor, 333.
Dunbar, U. S. J., sculptor, 326.
Dupont Memorial, 333.
Early, Gen. Jubal A., 57.
Early settlements along the Potomac, 9.
Eastern Branch, 7, 8, 13.
East Capitol Street, extending the Mall axis eastward, 109, 111.
East Potomac Park, 155.
Eliot, Dr. Charles W., 240, 243.
Ellicott, Andrew, 19, 28, 29.
Ellicott Plan, 29.
Elliott, Hon. Richard N., 299.
Embassies and Legations, 289.
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of, 273, 284.
Expositions held in the United States, 68.
Federal City, the:
Movement to establish, 1.
Naming streets of, 20.
Original agreement for, 15.
Preliminary studies of, 25.
Site of, 13.
Federal Hall, 5.
Federal Reserve Board Building, 276.
Federal Trade Commission Building, 284.
Fernald, Senator Bert N., 299.
Flagg, Ernest, architect, 275.
Folger Shakespeare Library, 252.
Ford’s Theater, 57, 215.
Fort Drive, 108, 111.
Fort Stevens, 57.
Fort Washington, Md., 109, 151.
Foundry Methodist Church, 45.
Foxall, Henry, 45.
Francis Scott Key Bridge, 284.
Fraser, James E., sculptor, 139, 343.
Freedom, statue of, 224.
Freer Gallery of Art, 89, 256, 284.
French, Daniel Chester, sculptor, 133, 333.
Friedlander, Leo, sculptor, 139.
Garden Club of America, 163.
Garfield Park, 147.
General Accounting Office, 284.
George Washington Bicentennial Celebration, 129.
George Washington Birthplace National Monument, 129.
George Washington Memorial Parkway, 115, 296.
George Washington National Masonic Memorial, 119.
George Washington University, 279.
Georgetown, 40, 48, 179;
University, 279.
Giegengack, A. E., Public Printer, 260.
Gilbert, Cass, architect, 175, 273, 277, 304.
Goodhue, Bertram Grosvenor, architect, 276.
Government department building, first, 266, 272.
Government of the United States, the:
Act for establishment of the temporary and permanent seat of, 7.
Amendment to act establishing, 8.
Government Printing Office, 257-261.
Grand Army of the Republic Memorial to Benjamin F. Stephenson, 331.
Grant, Gen. U. S., Memorial 82, 87, 148, 339.
Grant, President Ulysses S., 61, 203.
Great Falls of the Potomac, 45, 109, 115.
Greenough, Horatio, sculptor, 321.
Gregory, John, sculptor, 254.
Guerin, Jules, mural painter, 133.
Hadfield, George, architect, 190, 193, 219, 309.
Hallet, Stephen H., 219.
Hamburg, 37.
Hamilton, Alexander:
Part taken in locating National Capital, 6.
Secretary of the Treasury, first, 271.
Statue of, 343.
Hamilton, Mrs. Alexander, 203.
Hamilton, Mount, 161.
Harding, President Warren G., 135.
Hay, John, 91, 177.
Heath, Hon. Ferry K., 299.
Height of Buildings, 103.
Hewlett, J. Monroe, 275.
Highway Plan of the District of Columbia, 69.
Hoban, James, architect of the White House, 219, 261.
Hoover, President Herbert, 263.
Houdon, Jean Antoine, sculptor, 319.
House of Representatives Office Building, new, 235, 296.
Howard University, 279.
Hughes, Charles Evans, Chief Justice of the United States, 304.
Independence Hall, 3.
Indian Tribes in and about the District of Columbia, 10.
Interior Department, 127, 143, 276, 306.
Internal Revenue, Bureau of, Building, 284.
Interstate Commerce Commission Building, 279.
Jackson, President Andrew:
Suggests location of Arlington Memorial Bridge, 135.
Department of the Treasury Building, selects site for, 272.
Statue of, 321.
James Creek, 37.
Japanese Cherry Trees, 155.
Jeanne d’Arc statue, 333.
Jefferson Pier, 91, 202.
Jefferson, President Thomas:
Architect of the Capitol, appoints, 40, 167.
Improves Pennsylvania Avenue, 40.
Influence on architecture, 68, 86.
Library of, purchase of, 219, 248.
National Capital, the--
Alternate plan of, for, 15.
Founding of, in, part of, 6.
L’Enfant’s plans for, in directing, part of, 25.
Pennsylvania Avenue, in the time of, 40, 299.
Pew of, in Christ Church, 188.
Secretary of State, 266.
Streets in, for naming, plan of, 20.
Suggests that L’Enfant study plans of Old World capitals, 24.
Trees, to preserve, desire of, 143.
Washington in days of, 37.
Jennewein, C. Paul, sculptor, 139.
John Marshall Place, 193.
Johnson, President Andrew, 57.
Johnston, Harriet Lane, 157.
Jones Point, cornerstone of the District of Columbia at, 19.
Jones, Thomas Hudson, sculptor, 315.
Justice, Department of, Building, 284.
Key, Francis Scott, Mansion, 42, 182.
Keyes, Senator Henry W., 299.
King Map, 33.
Klingle Ford Bridge, 284.
Labor Department Building, 279.
Lafayette, General:
Entertained at--
Arlington, 182.
Tudor Place, 187.
Mount Vernon, visits, 123, 126.
Statue of, 325.
Washington, visits, 45.
Lafayette Park, 147, 153.
Land Office Building, old, 196.
Landscape Architects, American Society of, 82.
Latrobe, Benjamin H., Architect of the Capitol, 40, 167, 219, 304,
319.
Lawrie, Lee, sculptor, 276.
Lear, Tobias, burial place of, 190.
Legations, Embassies and, 289.
L’Enfant, Pierre Charles:
Accompanies President Washington and Commissioners to view site for
Federal City, 20.
Biography of, 23.
Designs Fort Washington, 151.
Plan of--
Apparently forgotten, 49, 145.
Basis of Plan of 1901, 83, 89.
Description of, 25, 32, 93, 146.
Influence on parks and highways, 108, 145, 147.
Methods and features of, 25.
Preserved in Library of Congress, 29.
Tomb of, in Arlington, 313.
Library of Congress, 245, 296.
Lincoln Memorial, the:
Description of, 131.
Decorations in, 133.
On main axis with Capitol and Washington Monument, 91.
Statue of Abraham Lincoln, in, 133.
Lincoln Memorial and surrounding area, 135.
Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Basin, 135.
Lincoln Museum, 215.
Lincoln, President Abraham:
Assassination of, 215.
Fort Stevens, under fire at, 57.
Funeral of, 57.
Washington in the time of, 53, 147.
Little Falls of the Potomac, 45.
Logan, Gen. John A., 313.
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, statue of, 326.
Luce, Robert, Congressman, 163.
Lynn, David, Architect of the Capitol, 301, 304.
McCall, Congressman Samuel W., 95.
McClellan, Gen. George B., 176.
McKim, Mead & White, architects, 137, 284, 333.
McKim, Charles F., architect, 77, 80, 81, 91.
McKinley, President William, 177.
McMillan, Senator James, 77, 146, 304.
McMillan Park Commission:
Members of, 77.
Plans of--
Discussed, 28, 73, 83, 105, 146.
Important feature of, 301.
Influence on parks, 150.
Mall developed, according to, 109.
McNary, Senator Charles L., 163.
Madison, Mrs. Dolly, 43, 175, 203, 263.
Madison, Dolly, House, 153, 175.
Madison, President James, 43, 173, 175, 188, 201.
Maginnis & Walsh, architects, 288.
Mall, the:
Development of, 87, 145, 296.
Extension of, 91, 155.
Head of, 87.
Restoring axis of, 89.
Marshall, John:
George Washington, monument to, author of resolution for erecting a,
199.
Chief Justice, President Washington Monument Society, 201.
Secretary of State, 266.
Statue of Washington, comment on, 319.
Maryland Legislature, offer of, 2.
Maryland National Capital Park and Planning Commission, 108.
Mayors of Washington, 305.
Meade, Gen. George G.:
Grand Review in 1865, participates in, 57.
Memorial to, 87, 150.
Meigs, Gen. Montgomery C., 215, 224, 311.
Mellon, Andrew, W., 256, 301.
Meridian Hill Park, 157.
Merriam, John C., 163.
Metropolitan Museum in New York, 65.
Mills, Clark, sculptor, 224, 321.
Mills, Robert, architect, 196, 197, 201, 272.
Mint, the, Bureau of, 273.
Monroe, President James, Washington in time of, 45, 101, 188.
Moore, Charles, former chairman, National Commission of Fine Arts, 82.
Morris, Robert, 35, 271.
Morse, S. F. B., first telegraph office of, 196.
Mount Pleasant, 57.
Mount Vernon, 121.
Mount Vernon Memorial Highway, 108, 117, 296.
Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association of the Union, 126.
Mullett, A. B., architect, 268, 284.
Municipal Center, the, 296.
Municipal Fish Wharf, 113.
Murphy, Frederick V., architect, 288.
National Academy of Sciences, 276.
National Capital, the, development of, 13, 105.
National Capital Park and Planning Commission, 51, 69, 99, 102, 105,
150, 306.
National Cathedral School, 288.
National churches in Washington, 289.
National Commission of Fine Arts, 95, 99, 102, 105, 150, 161, 296,
315.
National Conference on City Planning, 82.
National Gallery of Art, 89, 256, 284.
National Geographic Society, 277.
National Museum, 89, 256, 284.
National Park Service, 127, 143, 218.
National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, 288.
National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 275.
Naval Academy, 319.
Naval Hospital, 284, 296.
Naval Observatory, 284.
Navy Department Building, 296.
Noyes, Mrs. Frank B., 163.
Octagon House, 81, 173.
Oldroyd Collection of Lincolniana, 215.
Olmsted, Frederick Law, jr., landscape architect, 82, 87, 163.
Page, William Tyler, 209.
Palisades of the Potomac, 93.
Pan American Union, 276.
Park system of the National Capital, 143, 306.
Partridge, William T., study of L’Enfant plan by, 25.
Patent Office, 42, 48, 197.
Peaslee, Horace W., architect, 333, 343.
Pennsylvania Avenue, 37, 145, 299.
Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 84.
Pension Office Building, old, 284.
Perry, Hinton R., sculptor, 284.
Piccirilli Brothers, marble cutters, 133.
Platt, Charles A., architect, 284.
Polk, President James K., 51.
Pope, John Russell, architect, 257, 275, 277, 284.
Porter, Commodore, owner of Meridian Hill Park site, 159.
Post Office Department Building, 48, 284.
Potomac Parks, 131, 155.
Presidents of the United States, list of, 355.
Proctor, A. Phimister, sculptor, 284.
Public Buildings Act of 1926, 296, 299, 301.
Public Buildings Commission, 293, 301.
Public Buildings Program, 293.
Public Health Service Building, 276.
Public Library, 284.
Pulaski, Gen. Casimir, statue of, 331.
Putnam, Herbert, Librarian of Congress, 252.
Q Street Bridge, 284.
Quotations from great Americans on the National Capital, 357.
Railroad into the District, first, 48.
Rankin, Kellogg & Crane, architects, 284.
Red Cross, American National, 275.
Renwick, James, architect, 256, 284.
Rhind, J. Massey, sculptor, 331.
Rich, Lorimer, architect, 315.
Rinehart, William H., sculptor, 226, 228.
Riverside Drive, 93, 142.
Rock Creek Cemetery, 187, 325.
Rock Creek Church, 187.
Rock Creek Park, 148, 159.
Rock Creek Parkway, 93, 148.
Rockefeller, John D., 129.
Rodgers House, 177.
Rogers, Randolph, 224.
Roosevelt, President Theodore, 89, 91, 179, 279.
Root, Elihu, 91, 95, 98.
Ross, Albert R., architect, 333.
Rust, Mrs. Harry Lee, 129.
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 77, 81, 91, 325.
Scottish Rite Temple, 277.
Senate and House of Representatives Office Buildings, 235.
Seven Buildings, the, 266.
Shaw Lily Gardens, 161.
Shepherd, Alexander R.:
District of Columbia, Governor of, 61.
Statue of, 326.
Sherman, Hon. John, 203, 209.
Shipstead-Luce Act, 95, 102.
Shrady, Henry Merwin, sculptor, 343.
Simon, Louis, architect, 284.
Six Buildings, the, 39, 266.
Smith, Capt. John, 9, 13.
Smithsonian Institution, 256, 284.
Social Security Building, 296.
Société des Femmes de France à New York, 159, 339.
Soldiers’ Home, 211.
Sousa Bridge, John Philip, 284.
St. John’s Church, 153, 190, 192.
Standards, Bureau of, 284.
Star, Evening, 51, 299.
Star-Spangled Banner, national anthem:
Act of Congress designating, 185.
Original, in National Museum, 185.
State, Department of, 81, 265.
State, War, and Navy Building, 61, 81, 268, 284.
State Zoning Enabling Act, 101.
Statues and Monuments in Washington, list of, 347.
Street cars, Introduction in Washington of, 57.
Sultan, Brig. Gen. Dan. I., 284.
Supreme Court Chamber, 304.
Supreme Court Building Commission, 304.
Surveyor’s Office, District of Columbia, 33, 69.
Suter’s Tavern, 19.
Taft, President William Howard, 91, 263, 279, 331.
Taft, Mrs. William Howard, 157.
Taft, William Howard, Bridge, 159, 284.
Thomas, Havard, sculptor, 343.
Thornton, Dr. William, 42, 173, 185, 190, 197, 219.
Tiber Creek, 37.
Tobacco barn, old (original Christ Church), 188.
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, 296, 315.
Town House site, 32.
Treasury, Department of the, 48, 267, 271.
Trees of Washington, 63, 111.
Triangle development, 301.
Trinity College, 279.
Tripoli Column, 319.
Trowbridge, Alexander B., 252.
Trowbridge & Livingston, architects, 275.
Tudor Place, 182, 185.
Union Army, the, Grand Review of, 57.
Union Square, 87.
Union Station, 84, 235-241.
Union Station, Plaza of, 103, 301.
United States Botanic Garden, 296.
United States Engineer Office, 113.
United States Naval Academy, 319.
United States Supreme Court Building, 296, 301.
Unknown Soldier, the:
Burial of, 135.
Tomb of, 142, 296, 315.
Van Ness Mansion, 177, 276.
Vedder, Elihu, painter, 245.
Virginia:
Offer of Legislature of, 6.
Part of District of Columbia receded to, 51.
Wakefield National Memorial Association, 127, 129.
Wakefield, Va.:
Ancestors of Washington settle at, 10.
Birthplace of George Washington, 127.
Walter Reed General Hospital, 284, 296.
Walter, Thomas U., 86, 219, 224, 268.
War Department Building, 296.
Ward, John Quincy Adams, sculptor, 5.
Warden, David Baillie, 41.
Washington:
Early, 35.
1810-1815, 41.
1816-1839, 45.
1840-1859, 49.
1860-1870, 53.
Improvements made in, during administration of President Grant, 61.
Metropolitan area of, 105.
Washington, Col. John, 10.
Washington, Judge Bushrod, 126.
Washington, President George:
Appoints Commissioners of the District of Columbia, 13.
Arrives at Suter’s Tavern, Georgetown, 19.
Birthplace of, 127.
Capitol, cornerstone of, lays, 219, 228.
Confers with Commissioners of the District of Columbia, 20.
Federal City, site for, authorized to select, 7, 8.
Home of, 121.
Inauguration of, 5.
L’Enfant, high regard of, for, 24.
Potomac Canal, constructs, 4, 151.
Statues of, 5, 319, 321.
Trowel used at laying of cornerstone of Capitol by, 117, 118.
Washington Aqueduct, 57.
Washington Cathedral, 284.
Washington Channel and water front, 113.
Washington City Post Office, 241.
Washington Meridian, 159.
Washington Monument, the:
Detailed description of, 197.
Laying cornerstone of, 49, 202.
Washington National Airport, 117.
Washington National Monument Society, 199, 209.
Webster-Ashburton treaty, tablet commemorating, 268.
Webster, Daniel:
Capitol extension, orator at laying of cornerstone of, 9, 219.
Describes General Jackson, 135.
Residence of, 179.
White House, the:
Early description of, 41, 171, 173.
Later description of, 261.
Weinman, A. A., sculptor, 277, 303.
White, Stanford, architect, 325.
Wilson, James, Secretary of Agriculture, 161.
Wilson, President Woodrow, 243, 288.
Winter, Ezra, painter, 276.
Winthrop, Robert C., 202, 209.
Witherspoon, John, statue of, 326.
Wood, Waddy B., architect, 276.
World’s Columbian Exposition, 65.
World War, influence on Washington, 101, 293.
World War Memorials in Europe, 99.
Wyeth, Nathan C., architect, 284.
Wyeth & Sullivan, architects, 235.
York & Sawyer, architects, 279.
Zantzinger, Borie & Medary, architects, 284.
Zero Milestone, 333.
Zoning of the Capital, 101, 108.
Zoning Commission, 103
Zoological Park, National, 159, 256, 257, 284.
TRANSCRIPTIONS OF CHARTS AND MAPS
Page 14:
SKETCH
OF
WASHINGTON IN EMBRYO,
Previous to its Survey by Major L’ENFANT.
Compiled from the rare historical researches
--of--
D^{r}. JOSEPH M. TONER,
who by special favor has permitted the use of his labor and materials
for the publication of a grand historical map of this District
Compilers
E.F.M. FAEHTZ & F.W. PRATT.
1874.
_This sketch establishes the exact location
of Hamburgh and Carrollsburg and
approximated metes and bounds
of every estate then embraced
within the precincts granted
by the President.
In addition thereto the subsequent
avenues as well as several
other early improvements,_
Page 17:
MAP SHOWING THE ORIGINAL MILESTONES OR
BOUNDARY STONES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
AND THEIR
APPROXIMATE LOCATION
FRED E WOODWARD
Page 21:
TERMS AND CONDITIONS declared by the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES,
this seventeenth day of October, seventeen hundred and ninety-one,
for regulating the Materials and Manner of the Buildings and
Improvements on the LOTS in the CITY of WASHINGTON.
1st. That the outer and party-walls of all houses within the said
City shall be built of brick or stone.
2d. That all buildings on the streets shall be parallel thereto, and
may be advanced to the line |of th|e street, or withdrawn therefrom,
at the plea|sure| of the improver: But where any such build|ing is|
about to be erected, neither the foundation or party-wall shall be
begun without first applying to the person or persons appointed by
the Commissioners to superintend the buildings within the city,
who will ascertain the lines of the walls to correspond with these
regulations.
3d. The wall of no house to be higher than forty feet to the roof in
any part of the city; nor shall any be lower than thirty-five feet on
any of the avenues.
4th. That the Person or persons appointed by the Commissioners to
superintend the buildings may enter on the land of any person to set
out the foundation and regulate the walls to be built between party
and party, as to the breadth and thickness thereof. Which foundation
shall be laid equally upon the lands of the persons between whom
such party-walls are to be built, and shall be of the breadth and
thickness determined by such person proper; and the first builder
shall be reimbursed one moiety of the charge of such party-wall,
or so much thereof as the next builder shall have occasion to make
use of, before such |n|ext builder shall any ways use or break into
the wall--The charge or value thereof to be set by |t|he person or
persons so appointed by the Commissioners.
5th. As temporary conveniencies will be proper for lodging workmen
and securing materials for building, it is to be understood that
such may be erected with the approbation of the Commissioners: But
they may be removed or discontinued by the special order of the
Commissioners.
6th. The way into the squares being designed |in| a special manner
for the common use and convenience of the occupiers of the respective
squares--The property in the same is reserved to the public, so
that there may be an immediate interference on any abuse of the use
thereof by any individual, to the nuisance or obstruction of others.
The proprietors of the Lots adjoining the entrance into the squares,
on arching over the entrance, and fixing gates in the manner the
Commissioners shall approve, shall be intitled to divide the space
over the arching and build it up with the range of that line of the
square.
7th. No vaults shall be permitted under the streets, nor any
encroachments on the foot way above by steps, stoops, porches, cellar
doors, windows, ditches or leaning walls; nor shall there be any
projection over the street, other than the eves of the house, without
the consent of the Commissioners.
8th. These regulations are the terms and conditions under and upon
which conveyances are to be made, according to the deeds in trust of
the lands within the city.
George Washington.
TERMS of SALE of LOTS in the CITY of WASHINGTON, the Eighth Day of
_October_, 1792.
All Lands purchased at this Sale, are to be subject to the Terms and
Conditions declared by the President, pursuant to the Deeds in Trust.
The purchaser is immediately to pay one fourth part of the purchase
money; the residue is to be paid in three equal annual payments,
with yearly interest of six per cent. on the whole principal
unpaid: If any payment is not made at the day, the payments made
are to be forfeited, or the whole principal and interest unpaid
may be recovered on one suit and execution in the option of the
Commissioners.
The purchaser is to be entitled to a conveyance, on the whole
purchase money and interest being paid, and not before. No bid under
Three Dollars to be received.
Page 27:
PLAN
of the City intended for the
Permanent SEAT of the
Government of the UNITED STATES
Projected agreeable to the direction
of the PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES
in pursuance of an ACT of CONGRESS posted the
sixteenth day of July, MDCCXC,
“establishing the Permanent Seat
on the bank of the Potowmac”
By Peter Charles L’Enfant.
OBSERVATIONS explanatory of the PLAN.
I. The positions for the different Grand Edifices and for the several
Grand Squares or Areas of different shapes as they are laid down were
first determined on the most advantageous ground commanding the most
extensive prospects, and the better susceptible of such improvements
as the various intents of the several objects may require.
II. Lines or Avenues of direct communication have been devised as
connect the separate and most distinct objects with the principal,
and to preserve through the whole a reciprocity of sight at the same
time. Attention has been paid to the passing of those leading Avenues
over the most favorable ground for prospect and convenience.
III. North and South lines, intersected by others running due East
and West, make the distribution of the City into Streets, Squares,
etc., and those lines have been so combined as to meet at certain
given points with those divergent Avenues so as to form on the spaces
“first determined” the different Squares or Areas, which are all
proportional in Magnitude to the number of Avenues leading to them.
_Breadth of the Streets._
Every grand transverse Avenue and every principal divergent one,
such as the communication from the President’s house to the Congress
house, etc., are 160 feat in breadth and thus divided:
10 feet of pavement on each side 20 Feet
30 feet of gravel walk planted with trees on each side 60
80 feet in the middle for carriage way 80
--- 160
The other streets are of the following dimensions, viz.:
Those leading to public buildings or markets 130 Feet
Others 110-90
In order to execute the above plan, Mr. Ellicott drew a true
Meridional line by celestial observation which passes through the
Area intended for the Congress house; this line he crossed by another
due East and West, which passes through the same Area. These lines
were accurately measured and made the bases on which the whole plan
was executed. He ran all the lines by a Transit Instrument and
determined the Acute Angles by actual measurement, and left nothing
to the uncertainty of the Compass.
REFERENCES.
A. The equestrian figure of George Washington, a Monument voted in
1783 by the late Continental Congress.
B. An historic Column, also intended for a Mile or itinerary Column,
from whose station (a mile from the Federal house), all distances of
places through the Continent are to be calculated.
C. A Naval itinerary Column proposed to be erected to celebrate the
first rise of a Navy and to stand a ready Monument to consecrate its
progress and Achievements.
D. This Church is intended for National purposes, such as public
prayer, thanksgivings, funeral Orations, etc., and assigned to the
special use of no particular Sect or denomination, but equally open
to all. It will be likewise a proper shelter for such monuments as
were voted by the late Continental Congress for those heroes who
fell in the cause of liberty and for such others as may hereafter be
decreed by the voice of a grateful Nation.
E. Five grand fountains intended with a constant spout of water. N.
B. There are within the limits of the City about 25 good springs of
excellent water abundantly supplied in the driest season of the year.
The Squares coloured yellow, being fifteen in number, are proposed to
be divided among the several States in the Union for each of them to
improve, or subscribe a sum additional to the value of the land for
that purpose, and the improvements round the Squares to be completed
in a limited time.
The center of each Square will admit of Statues, Columns, obelisks,
or any other ornaments, such as the different States may choose to
erect, to perpetuate not only the memory of such individuals whose
Counsels or military achievements were conspicuous in giving liberty
and independence to this Country, but also those whose usefulness
hath rendered them worthy of general imitation; to invite the youth
of succeeding generations to tread in the paths of those Sages or
heroes whom their Country has thought proper to celebrate.
The situation of these Squares is such that they are the most
advantageously and reciprocally seen from each other, and as equally
distributed over the whole City district, and connected by spacious
Avenues round the grand Federal improvements, and as contiguous to
them, and at the same time as equally distant from each other, as
circumstances would admit. The settlements round those Squares must
soon become connected.
This mode of taking possession of, and improving the whole District
at first must leave to posterity a grand idea of the patriotic
interest which promoted it.
Those figures coloured red, are intended for use of all religious
denominations, on which they are to erect places of worship, and
are proposed to be allotted to them in the manner as those coloured
yellow to the different States in the Union; but no burying grounds
will be admitted within the limits of the City, an appropriation
being intended for that purpose without. N. B. Then a number of
Squares or Areas unappropriated, and in situations proper for
Colleges and Academies, and of which every Society whose object is
national may be accommodated. Every house within the City will stand
square on the Streets, and every lot. even those on the divergent
Avenues, will run Square with their fronts, which on the most acute
angle will not measure less than 56 feet and many will be above 110
feet.
Pine Creek, whose water, if necessary, may supply the City, being
turned into James White’s branch.
Perpendicular height of the } F. I. Pts.
source of Tiber Creek, } 236 7 ⁵⁄₈
above the level of the }
tide in said Creek. }
Perpendicular height of James White’s Spring, being part of Tiber
Creek, above the level of the tide in said Creek.
This branch of the Tiber, is intended to be conveyed to the
President’s house.
The water of this Creek is intended to be conveyed on the high
ground, where the Congress house stands, and after watering that
part of the city, its overplus will fall from under the base of that
Edifice, and in a Cascade of 20 feet in height, and 50 in breadth
into the reservoir below; thence to run in three fills through the
Garden into the grand Canal.
The perpendicular height of the ground where the Congress house
stands, is above the tide of Tiber Creek, 78 feet.
° ′
Lat. Congress House, 38.53.N.
Long. _0′. 0′._
References.
F. Grand Cascade, formed of the Water from the sources of the Tiber.
G. Public walk, being a square of 1,200 feet, through which carriages
may ascend to the upper Square of the Federal house.
H. Grand Avenue, 400 feet in breadth, and about a mile in length,
bordered with gardens, ending in a slope from the houses on each
side. This avenue leads to the Monument A, and connects the Congress
Garden with the
I. President’s park, and the
K. Well improved field, being a part of the walk from the President’s
house, of about 1,800 feet in breadth, and ³⁄₄ of a mile in length.
Every lot, deep coloured red, with green plots, designates some of
the situations which command the most agreeable prospects, and which
are the best calculated for spacious houses and gardens, such as may
accommodate foreign Ministers, etc.
L. Around this Square, and all along the
M. Avenue from the two bridges to the Federal house, the pavement on
each side will pass under an Arched way, under whose cover Shops will
be most conveniently and agreeably situated. This street is 160 feet
in breadth, and a mile long.
Page 31:
° ′
Lat. Capitol 38:53, N
Long 0: 0.
OBSERVATIONS
explanatory of the
Plan.
I. The positions for the different Edifices and for the several
Squares or Areas of different shapes, as they are laid down, were
first determined on the most advantageous ground, commanding the most
extensive prospects, and the better susceptible of such improvements,
as either use or ornament may hereafter call for.
II. Lines or Avenues of direct communication have been devised to
connect the separate and most distant objects with the principal,
and to preserve through the whole a reciprocity of sight at the same
time. Attention has been paid to the passing of those leading Avenues
over the most favorable ground for prospect and convenience.
III. North and South lines intersected by others running due East and
West, make the distribution of the City into Streets, Squares, &c.;
and those lines have been so combined as to meet at certain given
points with those divergent Avenues, so as to form on the Spaces
“first determined,” the different Squares or Areas.
Perpendicular height of the source of } F. I. Pts.
Tiber Creek above the level of the } 236.7.⁵⁄₈
tide in said Creek }
This branch and that of the Tiber may be conveyed to the President’s
house.
The water of this Creek may be conveyed on the high ground where the
Capitol stands, and after watering that part of the City, may be
destined to other useful purposes.
The perpendicular height of the ground where the Capitol is to stand,
is above the tide of Tiber Creek 78 Feet.
Perpendicular height of the West } F. I. Pts.
branch above the tide in } 115.7.²⁄₈
Tiber Creek }
_PLAN_
of the CITY of
Washington
in the Territory of Columbia,
_ceded by the States of_
VIRGINIA and MARYLAND
_to the_
United States _OF_ America,
_and by them established as the
SEAT of their GOVERNMENT,
after the Year_
MDCCC.
Breadth of the Streets.
The grand Avenues, and such Streets as lead immediately to public
places are from 130 to 160 feet wide, and may be conveniently divided
into foot ways, walks of trees, and a carriage way. The other streets
are from 90 to 110 feet wide.
In order to execute this plan, Mr. Ellicott drew a true Meridional
line by celestial observation, which passes through the Area intended
for the Capitol; this line he crossed by another due East and West
which passes through the same Area. These lines were accurately
measured, and made the basis on which the whole plan was executed. He
ran all the lines by a Transit Instrument, and determined the Acute
Angles by actual measurement, and left nothing to the uncertainty of
the Compass.
Page 81:
MAKE NO LITTLE PLANS; THEY HAVE NO MAGIC
TO STIR MEN’S BLOOD, AND PROBABLY THEMSELVES
WILL NOT BE REALIZED. MAKE BIG PLANS; AIM
HIGH IN HOPE AND WORK, REMEMBERING THAT A
NOBLE, LOGICAL DIAGRAM ONCE RECORDED WILL
NEVER DIE, BUT LONG AFTER WE ARE GONE WILL
BE A LIVING THING. ASSERTING ITSELF WITH EVER
GROWING INSISTENCY. REMEMBER THAT OUR
SONS AND GRANDSONS ARE GOING TO DO THINGS
THAT WOULD STAGGER US. LET YOUR WATCH-
WORD BE ORDER AND YOUR BEACON BEAUTY
DANIEL H. BURNHAM
Page 100:
WASHINGTON D.C.
THE MALL--CENTRAL AREA
STUDY FOR DEVELOPMENT--1937
NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION
Page 104:
VIRGINIA PROJECTS
SHOWN IN ACCORDANCE WITH STUDIES OF
VIRGINIA-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK
AND PLANNING COMMISSION
ARLINGTON COUNTY ZONING COMMISSION
MARYLAND PROJECTS
SHOWN IN ACCORDANCE WITH STUDIES OF
MARYLAND-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK
AND PLANNING COMMISSION
WASHINGTON SUBURBAN SANITARY COMMISSION
EXISTING PUBLIC PARKS
PROPOSED PUBLIC PARKS
PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS
CEMETERIES
PROPOSED AIRPORTS
GOLF & COUNTRY CLUBS
EXISTING PRINCIPAL HIGHWAYS
PROPOSED PRINCIPAL HIGHWAYS
EXISTING INTERMEDIATE HIGHWAYS
PROPOSED INTERMEDIATE HIGHWAYS
CITIES AND TOWNS
STATE LINE
COUNTY LINE
DISTRICT LINES
Page 110:
- INDEX -
PROPOSED PARKWAY
EXISTING PARK LANDS
PROPOSED PARK ACQUISITION
EXISTING INSTITUTIONS, CEMETERIES ETC.
PRELIMINARY PLAN
FORT DRIVE
PARKWAY CONNECTING THE CIVIL WAR FORTS ENCIRCLING THE CITY
WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION
LT. COL. U.S. GRANT 3^{RD} - EXECUTIVE AND DISBURSING OFFICER
MAJ. CAREY H. BROWN - ENGINEER
CHARLES W. ELLIOTT 2^{ND} - CITY PLANNER
FEBRUARY 1937
Page 114:
-LEGEND-
PARKS & PUBLIC GROUNDS
PROPOSED PARKS
PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS
PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
PROPOSED PUBLIC GROUNDS
Page 149:
PARK, PARKWAY & PLAYGROUND
PROJECTS
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK & PLANNING COMMISSION
Page 158:
ROCK CREEK PARK
WASHINGTON, D.C.
SCALE IN FEET
OFFICE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND PUBLIC PARKS
LIEUT. COL. U.S. GRANT, 3^{RD}, DIRECTOR
G.E. CLARK, ENGINEER IN CHARGE OF SURVEYS
G.S. ELLIOTT - CHIEF OF PARTY
LEGEND
LEAVE CAR OR BUS LINES FOR PARK
MACADAM ROADS
DIRT STREETS OR ROADS
FOOT PATHS
SPRINGS OR FOUNTAINS
IMPROVED STREETS
BRIDLE PATHS
PICNIC GROVES
REVISION 1933
Page 171:
Basement Plan
1800
Transcriber’s Notes
Inconsistencies and (factual or linguistic) errors in the text have
been retained, except as mentioned under Changes below. Carrere and
Carrére have not been changed to Carrère (the more common spelling).
Missing or wrong accents in French words have not been corrected.
Several proper and geographic names are spelled either in their
original or in anglicised spelling (or both) or in variations
thereof; these have not been standardised. The differences (in
wording and structure) between the Table of Contents, List of
Illustrations and the chapter and section titles and illustration
captions in the text have not been corrected either.
Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text and their
settings, not all elements may display as intended.
The quality of several of the maps and charts was insufficient to
display them fully legible and with all details visible, or to
transcribe the text in the chart or map.
Page 14, note in lower left corner of map: the note in the source
document ends (unexpectedly) in ... several other early improvements,
Page 27, 31: The (minor) differences between the texts in the charts
and those in the transcriptions as printed in the source document
have not been rectified.
Page 146, quote from L’Enfant, and Page 27 (transcription from
chart): the minor differences between the quoted text and the map
have not been rectified.
Page 201, By a resolution adopted February 29, 1847 ...: 1847 was not
a leap year.
Changes made
Illustrations have been moved outside text paragraphs.
Some obvious minor typographical, spelling and punctuation errors
have been corrected silently.
Where relevant and possible notes, explanatory texts, legends,
etc. from illustrations have been transcribed separately; these
transcriptions may be found towards the end of the text. In these
transcriptions, most of the (sometimes elaborate) formatting has been
ignored.
Page 42: It was erected by Mr. Blodget ... changed to It was erected
by Mr. Blodgett....
Page 252: Alexander B. Trowridge changed to Alexander B. Trowbridge.
Page 284: Ackermann & Ross, architects changed to Ackerman & Ross,
architects; A. B. Mullet, supervising architect changed to A. B.
Mullett, supervising architect.
Page 325: ... for the statute and pedestal ... changed to ... for the
statue and pedestal ....
Page 349: Antion Popiel, sculptor changed to Antoni Popiel, sculptor
Index: some names have been standardised with the spelling used in
the text.