FOR PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS AND DENTISTS
The Britannica adds so largely to medical literature that, in outlining
the services which the work can render to those engaged in the
prevention and treatment of disease, it is desirable to define the
limits, rather than to insist upon the extent, of the plan adopted by
the technical assistant editors to whom the Editor-in-chief entrusted
the control of this important part of the undertaking. It is true that
the 644 medical articles, many of which might be described as books in
themselves, cover the whole field of anatomy, physiology, pathology,
therapeutics, surgery, pharmacology, medical education, medical
jurisprudence and medical biography. It is also true that the writers
who sign these articles are specialists of world-wide authority, and
that the total number of words and illustrations in these articles is as
great as would be required for a complete encyclopaedic hand-book of
medical science. But, notwithstanding all this wealth of matter and of
international collaboration, the Britannica does not profess to take the
place of the elementary working library in daily use by every
professional man. “Working library” is, however, an elastic term, and it
is used here to mean only the handbooks which constitute an irreducible
minimum, the few without which no beginner would venture to establish
himself in practice. Certain manuals are, to the practitioner, what
mathematical tables are to the engineer; and it is not the function of
the Britannica to duplicate what the practitioner already possesses, nor
yet, for example, to include a pharmacopoeia in a book used by the
general public.
[Sidenote: The Encyclopaedic Method]
On the other hand, no professional man restricts himself a day longer
than he must to the bare modicum of medical literature with which he may
have been forced, at first, to do his best; and when he can add
_anything_ to it, there is nothing he will use so often, or find so
helpful, as the Britannica. It may be well to define in general, its
professional uses, before dealing in detail with the articles included
in this course of reading.
(1) The system of technical collaboration is, in the Britannica,
organized and coördinated with a completeness which gives the medical
articles an authority and impartiality often lacking in isolated
treatises. The contributors were selected with a view to their
recognized ability only, whereas the publication of medical works is too
often an outcome of the writer’s ambitions, which, however legitimate
they may be, are no proof of his capacity.
(2) The Britannica articles were written for the sole purpose of being
used in their present form. A great part of current medical literature
originates in lectures to students, and retains too much of its first
form to be satisfactory to the professional man.
(3) The articles are all based upon an original and recent survey of
knowledge, and thus contain information which cannot be found in
reprints of standard medical works insufficiently brought up to date by
additions to earlier editions.
(4) In relation to statistics, to administrative and legislative
provisions regarding public health, to hospitals and other public
institutions, the broadly international character of the Britannica,
with its contributions from twenty different countries, gives a scope
which the private writer cannot attain.
(5) The great number of biographies of physicians, surgeons and men who
devote themselves exclusively to research, gives professional men access
to information which they cannot elsewhere obtain.
(6) Chemistry, bacteriology, general biology, botany, psychology and
other sciences allied to the more immediate field of medicine are fully
treated by specialists of the highest authority.
(7) Apart from the definite occupational diseases (fully discussed in
the Britannica), there is often a relation between the pathological
results of overwork and the routine of the patient’s business life.
Every branch of industry and commerce is treated in detail in the
Britannica, and the insight which the physician may thus gain will often
be of service to him.
(8) The Britannica not only enlarges the medical library of the
practitioner, but gives him, and the members of his family, the use of
_the only complete library of general information_.
[Sidenote: Scope of the Medical Section]
Specifically, the medical and surgical section of the Britannica
comprises 3 general articles, constituting broad systematic surveys of
the various provinces of the subject: 103 articles on anatomy and
physiology, which are partly surgical; 265 articles on pathology; 75 on
pharmacology; 21 on public health, in addition to the articles on
dentistry and on veterinary science, and 170 biographies. But this
comprehensive scheme does not by any means include all the material of
value to the medical man. The sister sciences of chemistry, physics,
biology, botany, zoology and psychology, have much to offer him. A
consultation of the list appended to this section will show how the
needs of the physician and surgeon are served by the Encyclopaedia. It
must suffice here to call attention briefly to some of the more
important contributions.
Taking up, first, the more general articles, there is MEDICINE (Vol. 18,
p. 41) containing about 35,000 words. This deals with the history and
development of the science. Dr. J. F. Payne of the Royal College of
Physicians, London, traces its history from the earliest known times to
the middle of the 19th century; and Sir T. C. Allbutt, professor of
physic in Cambridge University, completes this review with a section on
_Modern Progress_ (p. 55). Of high practical value is MEDICAL
JURISPRUDENCE or FORENSIC MEDICINE (Vol. 16, p. 25), by H. H.
Littlejohn, professor of forensic medicine, University of Edinburgh, and
T. A. Ingram. This deals solely with that branch of the science which
has to do with the application of medical knowledge to certain questions
of civil and criminal law. There are discussions of questions affecting
the civil or social rights of individuals, and injuries to the person,
the function of the physician in questions of mutilation, homicide,
infanticide, poisoning, etc. MEDICAL EDUCATION (Vol. 18, p. 23) is a
useful reference article by Sir John Batty Tuke, Dr. W. H. Howell, dean
of the medical faculty, Johns Hopkins University, and Dr. H. L.
Hennessy, furnishing data on the educational qualifications necessary to
the practice of medicine in Europe and America.
[Sidenote: Anatomy, Embryology, and Physiology]
Dr. Frederick G. Parsons, vice-president of the Anatomical Society of
Great Britain and Ireland, lecturer on Anatomy at St. Thomas’s Hospital,
London, contributes the general article ANATOMY (Vol. 1, p. 920) which
goes deeply into its history, and has further sections on _Modern Human
Anatomy_ (Anthropotomy) and _Anatomy, Superficial_ and _Artistic_. This
noted authority also writes detailed and fully illustrated articles on
the anatomy and embryology of the BRAIN (Vol. 4, p. 392); HEART (Vol.
13, p. 129); EYE (Vol. 10, p. 91); EAR (Vol. 8, 791); OLFACTORY SYSTEM
(Vol. 20, p. 77); LYMPHATIC SYSTEM (Vol. 17, p. 166); VASCULAR SYSTEM
(Vol. 27, p. 926); NERVOUS SYSTEM (Vol. 19, p. 400); MUSCULAR SYSTEM
(Vol. 19, p. 51); REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (Vol. 23, p. 129); and RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM (Vol. 23, p. 184) and on the SKELETON (Vol. 25, p. 169); SKIN AND
EXOSKELETON (Vol. 25, p. 188); SKULL (Vol. 25, p. 196); JOINTS (Vol. 15,
p. 483); and NERVE (Vol. 19, p. 394). Another valuable anatomical
article is CONNECTIVE TISSUES (Vol. 6, p. 958), by Dr. T. G. Brodie of
the University of Toronto. Prof. Adam Sedgwick writes a most excellent
general and historical account of EMBRYOLOGY (Vol. 9, p. 314); and Dr.
Hans A. E. Driesch of Heidelberg University adds to it a section
_Physiology of Development_ (p. 329), treating of the laws that govern
the development of the organism. The general article PHYSIOLOGY (Vol.
21, p. 554) is from the pen of the celebrated Prof. Max Verworn of the
University of Bonn, and to this there are closely linked, according to
the new plan of the Britannica, extensive and detailed accounts of the
physiology of the BRAIN (Vol. 4, p. 403); SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM (Vol. 26,
p. 287); SPINAL CORD (Vol. 25, p. 672); MUSCLE AND NERVE (Vol. 19, p.
44); RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Vol. 23, p. 187); VASCULAR SYSTEM (Vol. 27, p.
929); ALIMENTARY CANAL (Vol. 1, p. 663); BLOOD (Vol. 4, p. 77), etc., by
noted specialists, including Dr. Charles S. Sherrington, professor of
physiology in the University of Liverpool, Dr. J. S. Haldane of Oxford
University, Dr. L. E. Hill, lecturer on physiology at the London
Hospital, Dr. P. Chalmers Mitchell, and Dr. T. G. Brodie of the
University of Toronto.
[Sidenote: Articles on Pathology]
Drs. D. J. Hamilton and Richard Muir are the authors of a brilliant
summary of the whole subject of PATHOLOGY (Vol. 20, p. 913) with over 50
illustrations, including coloured plates. The whole story of the
elevation of the science dealing with the theory and causation of
disease from a mere philosophical abstraction to one of the natural
sciences is admirably told. For the pathological details of various
diseases and groups of diseases the reader is referred to PARASITIC
DISEASES (Vol. 20, p. 770), fully illustrated, by Dr. G. Sims Woodhead,
professor of pathology, Cambridge University, one of the notable
contributions to the Britannica; METABOLIC DISEASES (Vol. 18, p. 195),
by Prof. D. N. Paton of Edinburgh University; DIGESTIVE ORGANS,
_Pathology_ (Vol. 8, p. 262) by Dr. A. L. Gillespie of Edinburgh and M.
Fisher; KIDNEY DISEASES (Vol. 15, p. 784), by Dr. J. R. Bradford of
University College Hospital, London, and Dr. Edmund Owen, the famous
English surgeon; BLADDER AND PROSTATE DISEASES (Vol. 4, p. 27); VENEREAL
DISEASES (Vol. 27, p. 983)—these two also by Dr. Owen; SKIN DISEASES
(Vol. 25, p. 190); INSANITY (Vol. 14, p. 597), by Sir John Batty Tuke,
president of the Neurological Society of the United Kingdom, and medical
director of the New Staughton Hall Asylum, Edinburgh, Dr. J. Macpherson,
and Dr. L. C. Bruce, author of _Studies in Clinical Psychiatry_,—for
this article the noted American specialist Dr. Frederick Peterson has
written a section on _Hospital Treatment_ of the insane; NEUROPATHOLOGY
(Vol. 19, p. 429), fully illustrated, by Dr. F. W. Mott, the
distinguished pathologist to the London County Asylums, and editor of
the _Archives of Neurology_; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, _Pathology_ (Vol. 23,
p. 195), by Dr. Thomas Harris, author of numerous articles on this
subject, and Dr. H. L. Hennessy; BLOOD, _Pathology_ (Vol. 4, p. 82), by
Dr. G. L. Gulland of Edinburgh; HEART, DISEASE (Vol. 13, p. 132), by Sir
J. F. H. Broadbent, author of _Heart Disease and Aneurysm_, etc.; EYE,
_Diseases_ (Vol. 10, p. 94), by Dr. George A. Berry, hon. surgeon
oculist to his Majesty George V; VISION, _Errors of Refraction and
Accommodation_ (Vol. 28, p. 142), by Dr. Ernest Clark of the Central
London Ophthalmic Hospital; EAR, _Diseases of_ (Vol. 8, p. 794), by Dr.
E. C. Baber, late senior surgeon, Brighton and Sussex Throat and Ear
Hospital.
Dr. Harriet L. Hennessy is the author of GYNAECOLOGY (Vol. 12, p. 764).
For more specific details there is the complete list of articles on
different diseases and ailments under their common names. This includes
veterinary diseases, to which branch of medicine an admirable
introduction is furnished by VETERINARY SCIENCE (Vol. 28, p. 2), by Drs.
George Fleming and James MacQueen. In the articles on diseases there
will be found accounts of the latest methods of diagnosis and treatment,
as, for example, the Calmette eye-test in tubercular diseases, serum
treatment and its latest developments, vaccine therapy, etc.
[Sidenote: Therapeutics]
The general article THERAPEUTICS (Vol. 26, p. 793), by Dr. Sir Lauder
Brunton, consulting physician to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London,
author of _Modern Therapeutics_, etc., not only discusses both rational
and empirical therapeutics, but, taking up the different parts of the
body considers in detail the therapeutic measures most commonly employed
in the treatment of disease. The subjects of ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS (Vol.
9, p. 249); BATHS (Vol. 3, p. 514); BALNEOTHERAPEUTICS (Vol. 3, p. 284);
HYDROPATHY (Vol. 14, p. 165); AEROTHERAPEUTICS (Vol. 1, p. 270); MASSAGE
(Vol. 17, p. 863) and X-RAY TREATMENT (Vol. 28, p. 887) have separate
articles devoted to them. The last is by Dr. H. L. Jones, clinical
lecturer on medical electricity at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London.
In connection with the subject of therapeutics, mention must be made of
PHARMACOLOGY (Vol. 21, p. 347), by Professor Stockman of the University
of Glasgow, in which will be found an interesting history of drugs, and
a classification into 28 groups with a description of the effect of each
remedy. To this valuable material Dr. H. L. Hennessy has added a
section, _Terminology in Therapeutics_ (p. 352)—a general explanation of
the common names used in the classification of drugs. The list at the
end of this chapter indicates the separate articles on drugs and on
materials from which the principal drugs are obtained.
[Sidenote: Surgery]
Dr. Charles Creighton of King’s College, Cambridge, writes on the
history of SURGERY (Vol. 26, p. 125) and the famous English Surgeon, Dr.
Edmund Owen the section _Modern Practice of Surgery_ (p. 129) in which
are discussed antiseptic and aseptic surgery, drainage tubes, bloodless
operations, Röntgen rays, use of radium, etc. The article SURGICAL
INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES (Vol. 26, p. 132) is fully illustrated. Dr.
Owen also contributes articles on the surgery of the different organs,
the article BONE, _Diseases and Injuries_ (Vol. 4, p. 200) and many
accounts of diseases and disorders that come within the province of the
surgeon, such as APPENDICITIS (Vol. 2, p. 217); PERITONITIS (Vol. 21, p.
171); HERNIA (Vol. 13, p. 372); FISTULA (Vol. 10, p. 438); VARICOSE
VEINS (Vol. 27, p. 920), and HAEMORRHOIDS (Vol. 12, p. 805). Sir
Alexander R. Simpson, emeritus professor of midwifery and the diseases
of women and children, University of Edinburgh, writes on OBSTETRICS
(Vol. 19, p. 962); Dr. Louis Courtauld, formerly research scholar,
Middlesex Hospital Cancer Laboratories, on TUMOUR (Vol. 27, p. 370); Dr.
Arthur Shadwell, of the Epidemiological Society, on CANCER, with a
special account of cancer research; and H. C. Crouch, teacher of
anaesthetics at St. Thomas’s Hospital, London, on ANAESTHESIA AND
ANAESTHETICS (Vol. 1, p. 907).
[Sidenote: Medical Biographies]
A most interesting, unusual and instructive course of reading on the
history and development of medicine may be based on the biographical
articles alone. In AESCULAPIUS (Vol. 1, p. 276) we learn how the gods of
Greece effected cures. The life story of HIPPOCRATES (Vol. 13, p. 518)
is worthy of note, for the “medical art as we now practice it, the
character of the physician as we now understand it,” both date from him.
For information about the theory that disease originated from an
irregular or inharmonious motion of the body corpuscles we turn to
ASCLEPIADES (Vol. 2, p. 722). An account of the man “out of whom the
greater part of medicine has flowed” is found in GALEN (Vol. 11, p.
398). The biography of the great Arab physician and philosopher AVICENNA
(Vol. 3, p. 62) should not be overlooked, nor the story of the revolt of
PARACELSUS (Vol. 20, p. 749). Important and interesting, too, are the
biographies of HARVEY, WILLIAM (Vol. 13, p. 42); SYDENHAM, THOMAS (Vol.
26, p. 277), the father of English medicine, and HALLER, A. VON (Vol.
12, p. 855), whose work marks the beginning of modern physiology. The
work of MORGAGNI (Vol. 18, p. 831) in pathological anatomy marks an
epoch in medicine, and the description in CULLEN, WILLIAM (Vol. 7, p.
616) of his new doctrine of “irritability” possesses a distinct
interest. The accounts of JENNER, EDWARD (Vol. 15, p. 319), HUNTER, JOHN
(Vol. 13, p. 939) and HAHNEMANN, S.C.F. (Vol. 12, p. 819) describe
momentous events in the history of medicine at the close of the 18th
century, while among the great names of the 19th will be found the
chemist PASTEUR (Vol. 20, p. 892), KOCH, ROBERT (Vol. 15, p. 885),
LISTER (Vol. 16, p. 777) and VIRCHOW, RUDOLF (Vol. 28, p. 110).
[Sidenote: The Allied Sciences]
It has already been noted that the Britannica will prove an invaluable
help to medical specialists in fields of knowledge other than their own.
The regret is often expressed by physicians that it is not easy for them
to study subjects outside their profession, even when these are closely
connected with their work. It is, unfortunately, only too true, that
material for such study is not readily available. But with so complete a
work of reference at his disposal, and with its highly authentic
information skillfully compressed into reasonable space, the medical man
now enjoys a magnificent opportunity to obtain a full acquaintance with
many subjects that he knows will assist him in the work.
It would be impossible to name all the articles here, but the
alphabetical list at the end of this chapter includes them, and the
attention of the physician and surgeon is directed to BACTERIOLOGY (Vol.
3, p. 156), by the late Prof. H. M. Ward of Cambridge and Prof. V. H.
Blackman of the University of Leeds, and especially the section
_Pathological Importance_ (p. 171), which Prof. Robert Muir of Glasgow
University has written; BIOLOGY (Vol. 3, p. 954), a classic article by
the late Professor Huxley, revised and brought up-to-date by Dr. P.
Chalmers Mitchell; HEREDITY (Vol. 13, p. 350), also by Dr. Mitchell;
MENDELISM (Vol. 18, p. 115), a brilliant study of the foundations of an
exact knowledge of the physiological process of heredity, by Prof. R. C.
Punnett of Cambridge; EVOLUTION (Vol. 10, p. 22) and LONGEVITY (Vol. 16,
p. 974), both by Dr. Mitchell; NUTRITION (Vol. 19, p. 921), by Prof. D.
N. Paton and Dr. E. P. Cathcart of Glasgow University; DIETETICS (Vol.
8, p. 214), by the world-famous authority on this subject, the late
Prof. W. O. Atwater, and R. D. Milner, formerly of the U. S. Dept, of
Agriculture; VEGETARIANISM (Vol. 27, p. 967), by Dr. Josiah Oldfield,
senior physician to the Lady Margaret Fruitarian Hospital, Bromley;
CLIMATE _in the Treatment of Disease_ (Vol. 6, p. 526); ACCLIMATIZATION
(Vol. 1, p. 114), by the renowned scientist, Dr. A. Russel Wallace; a
very complete and up-to-date article on VIVISECTION (Vol. 28, p. 153),
by Dr. Stephen Paget; PSYCHOLOGY (Vol. 22, p. 547), by Prof. James Ward
of Cambridge; PSYCHICAL RESEARCH (Vol. 22, p. 544), by Andrew Lang,
which is the key to a series of 25 remarkably interesting articles
covering the entire subject; HYPNOTISM (Vol. 14, p. 201); FAITH HEALING
(Vol. 10, p. 135); SUGGESTION (Vol. 26, p. 48); PHRENOLOGY (Vol. 21, p.
534), by Professor Macalister of Cambridge; TEMPERANCE (Vol. 26, p.
578), by Dr. Arthur Shadwell; MICROSCOPE (Vol. 18, p. 392); BLINDNESS,
_Causes and Prevention_ (Vol. 4, p. 60), by Sir Francis J. Cambell,
principal Royal Normal College for the Blind, London; DEAF AND DUMB
(Vol. 7, p. 880), by Rev. A. H. Payne, formerly of the National Deaf
Mute College, Washington.
The subject of DENTISTRY (Vol. 8, p. 50) is covered by the highest
American authority, Dr. Edward C. Kirk, of the University of
Pennsylvania, and a full account of the anatomy of the teeth will be
found under TEETH (Vol. 26, p. 499), by Dr. F. G. Parsons. It is,
however, in connection with bacteriology, chemistry, metallurgy,
mechanics and other subjects with which the dentist is concerned, rather
than in connection with the technics of his profession, that he will
desire to make use of the Britannica.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ARTICLES IN THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA OF SPECIAL
INTEREST AND IMPORTANCE TO MEMBERS OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION
Abano, Pietro d’.
Abattoir
Abdomen
Abercrombie, J.
Abercromby, D.
Abercromby, P.
Abernethy, J.
Abortion
Abscess
Abscission
Abu-l-qasim
Acclimatization
Acetic Acid
Ackermann, J. C. G.
Acland, Sir H. W.
Acne
Aconite
Acromegaly
Acron
Actinomycosis
Acupressure
Acupuncture
Adam’s Apple
Addison’s Disease
Adenoids
Adolescence
Adulteration
Aegineta, Paulus
Aerotherapeutics
Aesculapius
Aetius
Agnew, David Hayes
Ague
Ala
Albumin, or Albumen
Albuminuria
Alcohol
Aldehydes
Alexander of Tralles
Alienist
Alimentary Canal
Aloe
Alum
Amaurosis
Ambulance
Amman, J. C.
Amman, Paul
Ammonia
Amuck, Running
Amyl Nitrite
Anabolism
Anaemia
Anaesthesia and Anaesthetics
Anatomy
Anderson, Elizabeth G.
Anel, Dominique
Aneurysm, or Aneurism
Angina Pectoris
Animal Heat
Anise
Ankle
Ankylosis
Ankylostomiasis
Anodyne
Anthrax
Antipyrine
Antiseptics
Aphasia
Aphemia
Apnoea
Aponeurosis
Apophysis
Apoplexy
Apothecary
Appendicitis
Apyrexia
Araroba Powder
Aretaeus
Arm
Arnica
Arnott, Neil
Arrowroot
Arsenic
Arteries
Arthritis
Articulation
Arytenoid
Asafetida
Ascites
Asclepiades
Aselli, or Asselio, Gasparo
Asphyxia
Asthma
Astruc, Jean
Athetosis
Athletic Sports
Atrophy
Aurelianus Caelius
Auscultation
Autopsy
Avenzoar
Baby-farming
Bacteriology
Baldinger, E. G.
Baldness
Balneotherapeutics
Balsam
Barthez, P. J.
Bartholinus, Gaspard
Baths
Beddoes, Thomas
Bedlam, or Bethelem Hospital
Bedsore
Bell, Sir Charles
Bell, John
Belladonna
Bellini, Lorenzo
Bence-Jones, Henry
Bennett, John Hughes
Benzoic Acid
Benzoin
Beri-Beri
Bernard, Claude
Bert, P.
Bhang
Bibirine
Bichat, M. F. X.
Bilharziosis
Billroth, A. C. T.
Biology
Bismuth
Blackwater Fever
Bladder
Bladder and Prostate Diseases
Blane, Sir Gilbert
Blindness
Blister
Blood
Blood-letting
Boerhaave, Hermann
Boil
Bone
Borax
Borelli, G. A.
Boric, or Boracic Acid
Bow-leg
Boyer, Alexis
Brain
Brasdor, Pierre
Breast
Bright’s Disease
Brocklesby, Richard
Brodie, Sir B. C.
Bromine
Bronchiectasis
Bronchitis
Bronchotomy
Broussais, F. J. V.
Brown, John
Brown-Séquard, C. E.
Bunion
Burdon-Sanderson, Sir John S.
Burns and Scalds
Busk, George
Cabanis, P. J. G.
Caesarean Section
Caffeine
Caisson Disease
Cajuput Oil
Calabar Bean
Caldani, L. M. A.
Calomel
Camphors
Cancer, or Carcinoma
Cantharides
Capsicum
Carbolic Acid, or Phenol
Carbonic Acid
Carbuncle
Cartilage
Carus, K. G.
Castor Oil
Catabolism
Catalepsy
Catarrh
Catechu
Caul
Caustic
Cephalic Index
Chadwick, Sir Edwin
Chamomile
Charcot, Jean Martin
Charity and Charities
Chemistry
Cheselden, William
Chicken-pox
Chilblains
Chirurgeon
Chloral
Chlorates
Chloroform
Cholera
Christison, Sir Robert
Cinchona
Clark, Sir Andrew
Clark, Sir James
Clay, Charles
Cleft Palate and Hare-Lip
Climacteric
Climate
Clinic
Clot, A. B.
Club-foot
Coal-tar
Coca, or Cuca
Cocaine
Cock, Edward
Cod-Liver Oil
Coelom and Serous Membranes
Colchicum
Colic
Collodion
Colon
Colt’s Foot
Coma
Combe, Andrew
Connective Tissues
Connor, Bernard
Conolly, John
Constipation
Convulsions
Cooper, Sir Astley P.
Copaiba
Corn
Cornaro, Luigi
Coroner
Corpulence
Corrosive Sublimate
Craniometry
Cramp
Crèche
Cremation
Creosote
Cretinism
Croton Oil
Croup
Cruveilhier, Jean
Cubebs
Cullen, William
Cupping
Curling, T. B.
Dandelion
Death
Delirium
Dengue
Dentistry
Desault, P. J.
Dextrine
Diabetes
Diaphoretics
Diaphragm
Diarrhoea
Dietary
Dietetics
Digestive Organs
Digitalis
Dilatation
Dill
Diphtheria
Dipsomania
Disinfectants
Diuretics
Dropsy
Drowning and Life Saving
Drug
Drunkenness
DuBois-Reymond, Emil
Duchenne, G. B. A.
Ductless Glands
Dupuytren, G., baron
Dwarf
Dysentery
Dyspepsia
Ear
Eczema
Elaterium
Elbow
Electrocution
Electrotherapeutics
Elephantiasis
Elixir
Elliotson, John
Embalming
Embryology
Emetics
Emphysema
Empyema
Enteritis
Epilepsy
Epistaxis
Epithelial, Endothelial and Glandular Tissues
Epsom Salts
Equilibrium
Ergot, or Spurred Rye
Erichsen, Sir John E.
Erysipelas
Esmarch, J. F. A. von
Esquirol, J. E. D.
Ether
Ethyl Chloride
Ettmüller, Michael
Eucalyptus
Eugenics
Eugenol
Euphorbium
Evolution
Excretion
Extract
Eye
Fabricius, Hieronymus
Face
Faith Healing
Fallopius, or Fallopio, Gabriello
Fusel Oil
Fauces
Favus
Fayrer, Sir Joseph
Fergusson, Sir William
Fermentation
Fernel, Jean François
Feuchtersleben, E. von
Fever
Fibrin
Filariasis
Finger
Fistula
Flint, Austin
Floyer, Sir John
Food
Foot
Foot-and-mouth Disease
Forbes, Sir John
Formalin, or Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Forster, John C.
Foster, Sir Michael
Fothergill, John
Foundling Hospitals
Fracastoro, Girolamo
Freind, John
Friendly Societies
Frostbite
Fructose, or Fruit Sugar
Fumigation
Galangal
Galbanum
Galen
Gall
Gallic Acid
Galvani, Luigi
Gamboge
Gangrene
Gastric Ulcer
Gastritis
Gelsemium
Giant
Ginseng
Glanders, or Farcy
Glauber’s Salt
Glycerin, or Glycerol
Goitre
Good, John Mason
Goodsir, John
Gout
Gräfe, Albrecht von
Gräfe, K. F. von
Graham, Sylvester
Guaco, Huaco, or Guao
Guaiacum
Guarana
Guinea-worm
Gull, Sir William W.
Gymnastics
Gynaecology
Haematocele
Haemophilia
Haemorrhage
Haemorrhoids
Hahnemann, S. C. F.
Hall, Marshall
Haller, Albrecht von
Hallucination
Hammer-toe
Hand
Hart, Earnest Abraham
Hartshorn, Spirits of
Harvey, William
Hashish
Hawkins, Caesar Henry
Hay Fever
Head
Health
Heart
Heberden, William
Heel
Henle, F. G. J.
Hernia
Herpes
Hewett, Sir Prescott G.
Hilton, John
Hinton, James
Hip
Hippocrates
Hippuric Acid
Hoffmann, Friedrich
Holland, Sir Henry
Homoeopathy
Hop
Horehound
Hospital
Hufeland, C. W.
Humane Society, Royal
Hunger and Thirst
Hunter, John
Hunter, William
Hutchinson, Sir J.
Hydrastine
Hydrocele
Hydrocephalus
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydropathy
Hydrophobia, or Rabies
Hygiene
Hypertrophy
Hypnotism
Hypochondriasis
Hysteria
Iatrochemistry
Ibn Usaibi’a
Icthyosis
Illegitimacy
Imbecile
Incubation and Incubators
Infancy
Influenza
Insanity
Insomnia
Intestinal Obstruction
Intestine
Intoxication
Iodine
Iodoform
Ipecacuanha
Iron
Israeli, Isaac ben Solomon
Jaborandi
Jalap
Jaundice
Jaw
Jenner, Edward
Jenner, Sir William
Joints
Kala-Azar
Kámalá
Kidney Diseases
Kino
Kitazato, Shibasaburo
Knee
Koch, Robert
Kousso
Lactic Acid
Langenbeck, B. R. K. von
Lanolin
Largus, Scribonius
Laryngitis
Laudanum
Lead Poisoning
Leg
Leontiasis Ossea
Leprosy
Lethargy
Lichen
Life
Ligament
Linacre, or Lynaker, Thomas
Ling, Per Henrik
Linseed
Lip
Liquorice
Lister, Joseph Lister, Baron
Liston, Robert
Lithium
Litmus
Liver
Lobe
Lobelia
Locomotor Ataxia
Longevity
Lumbago
Lung
Lupus
Lycanthropy
Lymphatic System
Lymph and Lymph Formation
MacCormac, Sir William
Mackenzie, Sir Morell
Magnesium
Malaria
Malta, or Mediterranean, Fever
Mammary Gland
Marshall, John
Massage
Matrix
Mead, Richard
Measles
Medical Education
Medical Jurisprudence
Medicine
Mendelism
Ménière’s Disease
Meningitis
Mercury
Mesmer, F. A.
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolism
Microscope
Midwife
Milk
Mineral Waters
Mitchell, Silas Weir
Monster
Morphine
Mortification
Mott, Valentine
Mouth and Salivary Glands
Mumps
Murrain
Muscle and Nerve
Muscular System
Mushroom
Mustard
Mutilation
Myelitis
Myxoedema
Naevus
Narcotics
Navel
Necrosis
Nepenthes
Nerve
Nervous System
Nettlerash, or Urticaria
Neuralgia
Neurasthenia
Neuritis
Neuropathology
Nicotine
Nightingale, Florence
Nitroglycerin
Nose
Nosology
Nostalgia
Nursing
Nutrition
Nux Vomica
Obstetrics
Oesophagus
Officinal
Oils
Old-age Pensions
Olfactory System
Ophthalmology
Opium
Orfila, M. J. B.
Osteology
Ovariotomy
Oxalic Acid
Oxygen
Ozone
Paget, Sir James
Pain
Palate
Pancreas
Paracelsus
Paraldehyde
Paralysis, or Palsy
Paranoia
Parasitic Diseases
Parasitism
Paré, Ambroise
Pasteur, Louis
Pathology
Pediculosis, or Phthiriasis
Pellagra
Pelvis
Pemphigus
Pennyroyal
Pepper, William
Peppermint
Pepsin
Peritonitis
Perspiration
Phagocytosis
Pharmacology
Pharmacopoeia
Pharmacy
Pharyngitis
Pharynx
Phenacetin
Phlebitis
Phosphorus
Phrenology
Phthisis
Physiology
Picrotoxin
Pinel, Philippe
Pinto
Piperazin
Pitcairne, Archibald
Pityriasis Versicolor
Placenta
Plague
Pleurisy, or Pleuritis
Pleuro-pneumonia, or Lung-plague
Pneumonia
Podophyllin
Poison
Polypus
Possession
Potassium
Pott, Percivall
Poultice
Pringle, Sir John
Prognosis
Protoplasm
Pruritus
Prussic Acid
Psoriasis
Psorospermiasis
Psychical Research
Psychology
Ptomaine Poisoning
Puberty
Public Health, Law of
Puerperal Fever
Pulse
Purpura
Pyrocatechin
Quain, Sir Richard
Quarantine
Quassia
Quinine
Quinsy
Radcliffe, John
Radioactivity
Radium
Raynaud’s Disease
Relapsing Fever
Reproductive System
Resorcin
Respiratory System
Rhamnus Purshiana
Rhatany, or Krameria Root
Rheumatism
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rhubarb
Rickets
Rinderpest
Ringworm
Rokitansky, C. von
Röntgen Rays
Rush, Benjamin
Saccharin
St. Vitus Dance, or Chorea
Sal-ammoniac
Salep
Salicin, Salicinum
Salicylic Acid
Salt
Sanatorium
Sandalwood
Sandarach
Santonin
Sarsaparilla
Savory, Sir William S.
Scabies, or Itch
Scalp
Scarlet Fever, or Scarlatina
Sciatica
Scrofula, or Struma
Scurvy, or Scorbutus
Sea-sickness
Seborrhoea
Semmelweiss, I. P.
Senega
Senna
Sepsis
Serenus, Sammonicus
Sewerage
Shock, or Collapse
Shoulder
Sibbald, Sir Robert
Simon, Sir John
Simpson, Sir James Y.
Sinew
Skeleton
Skin and Exoskeleton
Skin Diseases
Skull
Slaughter-house
Sleep
Sleeping-sickness
Sloane, Sir Hans
Smallpox
Smith, T. S.
Sneezing
Sodium
Somnambulism
Soranus
Spikenard, or Nard
Spinal Cord
Spirits
Spleen
Sprue
Squill
Stammering, or Stuttering
Starvation
Stethoscope
Stomach
Stramonium
Strophanthus
Strychnine
Sugar
Suggestion
Suicide
Sulphonal
Sulphur
Sumbul, or Sumbal
Sunstroke
Supra-renal Extract
Surgery
Surgical Instruments and Appliances
Sweating-sickness
Sweetbread
Sydenham, Thomas
Syme, James
Sympathetic System
Syncope
Tagliacozzi, Gasparo
Tannic Acid
Tapeworms
Tar
Taraxacum
Tartar
Tartaric Acid
Teeth
Temperance
Terpenes
Tetanus
Therapeutics
Thompson, Sir Henry
Thorax
Throat
Thymol
Thyroid
Tincture
Tongue
Tonsillitis
Toxicology
Tracheotomy
Trachoma
Trance
Trichinosis
Tuberculosis
Tumour
Typhoid Fever
Typhus Fever
Ulcer
Upas
Urea
Urethane
Uric Acid
Urinary System
Urotropin
Vaccination
Valerian
Variation and Selection
Varicose Veins
Vascular System
Vaseline
Vegetarianism
Veins
Venereal Diseases
Verdigris
Veronal
Veterinary Science
Viburnum
Vivisection
Voice
Wakley, Thomas
Wart
Water-supply
Weights and Measures
Wells, Sir Thomas S.
Whitlow
Whooping-cough
Willis, Thomas
Wilson, Sir W. J. E.
Windpipe
Wine
Wintergreen
Witch-hazel
Wound
Wrist
Wry-neck
X-Ray Treatment
Yaws
Yellow Fever
Zinc
Zymotic Diseases