LAST YEARS
The King's health was a matter of great anxiety to the royal physicians,
even after his recovery in 1789, and during the hot weather of the
following year their watchfulness had to be redoubled. "The present
object of the doctors was to prevent the King from dozing during the
day, and also to try and keep him from brooding over things too closely.
The French Revolution was going on, and affairs in that country were
becoming very serious. Holland, too, was unsettled, and they were very
anxious that his Majesty should be called upon to do as little business
as possible. The King could not be on horseback after twelve o'clock, as
the heat of the sun on his head was much feared. The Queen, therefore,
had three double carriages made with cane bodies, and covered in with
silk or oilskin, according to the weather, and thus they were enabled to
pay noon visits to the sweet country seats near at hand, and beguile the
time until dinner, at four."[300] This trouble passed in due course, and
it seemed as if George was in thoroughly good health, and likely to
continue so indefinitely. "It is impossible to describe to you how
perfectly well the King is," Lord Auckland wrote to Morton Eden on
December 12, 1791. "He is quite an altered man, and not what you knew
him even before his illness. His manner is gentle, quiet, and, when he
is pleased, quite cordial. He speaks, even of those who are opposed to
his government, with complacency, and without sneer or acrimony. As long
as he remains so well, the tranquillity of this country is on a rock,
for the public property is great and the nation is right-minded, and the
commerce and resources are increasing."[301]
[300] Papendiek: _Court and Private Life_.
[301] _Auckland Correspondence._
Years passed without any mental trouble, but gradually events happened
that preyed upon the mind of the King, who, now no longer a young man,
was less able to resist them. For a long time he had been perturbed by
the unhappy relations between the Prince and Princess of Wales and, when
in 1801 Pitt demanded permission to introduce a measure for the
emancipation of the Catholics, he brooded over the matter until his mind
became again unhinged.[302] On February 15 he took a severe cold, always
the first symptom of one of his attacks--but this apparently gave way
to treatment. "As for my cold, it is well," he said then to Lord
Chatham; "but what else I have, I owe to your brother." On the 22nd
inst., however, his mind wandered, and on the following day he was
unconscious until evening when he exclaimed, "I am better now, but I
will remain true to the Church--I will remain true to the Church,"[303]
and anathematized Pitt and other ministers favourable to the obnoxious
measure. He was seriously ill on March 2, but from that day grew slowly
better, and on the 6th instructed Dr. Willis to write to the minister.
"Tell him I am now quite well--quite recovered from my illness; but what
has he not to answer for who is the cause of my having been ill at all?"
It was then that Pitt, much perturbed and perplexed, told George he
would never re-introduce the subject during his reign, whereupon the
King exclaimed joyfully, "Now my mind will be at ease!"[304] He received
in person and with much kindliness the resignation of Pitt on March 14,
and handed the seals of office to Henry Addington.
[302] _See Ante_, vol. II. p. 260.
[303] Stanhope: _Life of Pitt_.
[304] _Ibid._
The excitement attendant upon these political events caused a relapse,
and George remained for some time at Kew under the care of the Willises.
"I'm very, very sorry the poor King has been, and continues ill, for it
has been and will be a public calamity from its consequences, but
exclusive of _public_ ills among which the loss of Lord Cornwallis here
is _irreparable_, the private misfortunes of the royal family goes to
one's heart," Lady Sarah Napier wrote from Dublin to Lady Susan O'Brien
on April 20, 1801. "Great people suffer sorrow doubly; poor souls, they
are not made to it, till it comes with violence, and then it drives to
indifference or despair."[305] In May those who were allowed to see
George inclined to the belief that he was well, but the Duke of Clarence
declared that "he pitied the (royal) family, for he saw something in the
King that convinced him he must soon be confined again." Still, in spite
of this distressing prognostication, on May 25 Dr. Thomas Willis was
able to send an assuring report to Lord Eldon: "This morning I walked
with his Majesty, who was in a perfectly composed and quiet state. He
told me, with great seeming satisfaction, that he had a most charming
night, 'he could sleep from eleven to half after four,' when, alas! he
had but three hours sleep in the night, which, upon the whole, was
passed in restlessness--in getting out of bed, opening the shutters, in
praying violently, and in making such remarks as betray a consciousness
of his own situation, but which are evidently made for the purpose of
concealing it from the Queen. He frequently called out, 'I am perfectly
well, and my Queen, my Queen has saved me.'"[306] However, the
improvement was not sustained, for on June 12 Willis wrote in a
different strain: "His Majesty still talks much of his prudence, but
shows none. His body, mind, and tongue are all upon the stretch every
minute; and the manner in which he is now expending money, which is so
unlike him when well, all evince that he is not so right as he should
be."[307] A few days later, however, the King pronounced himself well
when he, who hated the Willises, father and son, dismissed from
attendance Dr. Robert Willis, and, in spite of the Lord Chancellor's
remonstrances, declined to reinstate the physician.
[305] _Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox._
[306] Twiss: _Life of Eldon_.
[307] _Ibid._
"KEW, _June 21, 1801_.
"The King would not do justice to the feelings of his heart, if he
an instant delayed expressing his conviction of the attachment the
Lord Chancellor bears him, of which the letter now before him is a
fresh proof; but at the same time he cannot but in the strongest
manner decline having Dr. Robert Willis about him. The line of
practice followed with great credit by that gentleman, renders it
incompatible with the King's feelings that he should--now by the
goodness of Divine Providence restored to reason--consult a person
of that description. His Majesty is perfectly satisfied with the
zeal and attention of Dr. Gisborne, in whose absence he will consult
Sir Francis Milman, but cannot bear consulting any of the Willis
family, though he will ever respect the character and conduct of Dr.
Robert Willis. No person that ever had a nervous fever can bear to
continue the physician employed on the occasion; and this holds much
more so in the calamitous one that has so long confined the King,
but of which he is now completely recovered.
"GEORGE R."[308]
[308] Twiss: _Life of Eldon_.
"The subject of the Princess of Wales is still in the King's mind, to a
degree that is distressing, from the unfortunate situation of the
family," Princess Elizabeth wrote to Dr. Thomas Willis during the
illness of her father, who was no sooner able to go out than he visited
his persecuted daughter-in-law. "The first time he rode out after his
illness he rode over Westminster Bridge to Blackheath, never telling any
one where he was going till he turned up to the Princess's door. She was
not up, but jumped out of bed, and went to receive him in her bed-gown
and night-cap. He told Lord Uxbridge that the Princess had run in his
head during his illness perpetually, and he had made a resolution to go
and see her the first time he went out, without telling anybody."[309]
After this visit George went to Weymouth, returning to London on October
29 to open Parliament in person, after which he settled down at Windsor,
where at the end of November Lord Malmesbury visited him. "I was with
the King nearly two hours. I had not seen him since the end of October,
1800--of course not since his last illness. He appeared rather more of
an old man, but not older than men of his age commonly appear. He stoops
rather more, and was apparently less firm on his legs; but he did not
look thinner, nor were there any marks of sickness or decline in his
countenance or manner. These last were much as usual--somewhat less
hurried and more conversable; that is to say, allowing the person to
whom he addressed himself more time to answer and talk than he used to
do when discussing on common subjects, on public or grave ones."[310]
[309] _Life of Sir Gilbert Elliot._
[310] _Diary and Correspondence of Lord Malmesbury._
This illness aged him considerably, and though henceforth he lived very
quietly and almost entirely secluded at Windsor, "his health, both as
regards his bodily ailments, and the state of his mind, became daily
more and more unsatisfactory."[310] Indeed, it is a moot point if he was
ever for any length of time quite well after this year, and even during
the periods when he was free from a suspicion of his malady, the fear of
its recurrence undoubtedly influenced his whole life. It was not until
1804, however, that he was again seriously ill, and then the attack was
probably precipitated by his furious indignation at the publication of
some of his letters by the Prince of Wales, though this fact was, of
course, suppressed in the physician's report.[311] "The fact is I
believe, as I have always done, that the regal function will never more
be exercised by him," Creevey wrote on April 2: and on May 2 stated, "I
feel certain he is devilish bad."[312] A regency was again in sight, but
to the general surprise George recovered, and early in May was able to
drive through the streets by the side of the Queen, but after this, as
General Harcourt told Lord Malmesbury, he was "in looks, manners,
conduct, and conversation, quite different from what he had been before
his illness."[313]
[311] Papendiek: _Court and Private Life_.
[312] _Creevey Papers._
[313] _Diary and Correspondence of Lord Malmesbury._
"Mrs. Harcourt confirms all that Lady Uxbridge had told me; that the
King was apparently quite well when speaking to his ministers, or those
who kept him a little in awe; but that towards his family and dependents
his language was incoherent and harsh; quite unlike his usual
character. She said that Dr. Symonds did not possess in any degree the
talents required to lead the mind from wandering to steadiness; that in
the King's two former illnesses, this had been most ably managed by the
Willises, who had this faculty in a wonderful degree, and were men of
the world, who saw ministers, and knew what the King ought to do; that
the not suffering them to be called in was an unpardonable proof of
folly (not to say worse) in Addington; and that now it was impossible,
since the King's aversion was rooted; that Pitt judged ill in leaving
the sole disposal of the Household to the King; that this sort of power
in his present weak (and, of course, suspicious) state of mind had been
exercised by him most improperly; he had dismissed, and turned away, and
made capricious changes everywhere, from the Lord Chamberlain to the
groom and footman; he had turned away the Queen's favourite coachman;
made footmen grooms, and _vice versa_, and what was still worse, because
more notorious, had removed Lords of the Bedchamber without a shadow of
reason; that all this afflicted the royal family without measure; that
the Queen was ill and cross; the Princesses low, depressed, and quite
sinking under it; and that unless means could be found to place some
very strong-minded and temperate persons about the King, he would
either commit some extravagance, or he would, by violent carelessness
and exercise, injure his health, and bring on a deadly illness."[314]
[314] _Diary and Correspondence of Lord Malmesbury, May 27, 1804._
Though the King was now suffering from an increasing deafness and a
defective sight, he was better towards the end of 1805 than he had been
for years. According to Lord Henley he was quite cheerful, and troubled
only by his blindness. "He talked to me, indeed, in an affecting manner,
of his situation, saying that he had tried this morning, but in vain, to
read the docket of one of the despatches, but is convinced that he
perceives an amendment, and that even with the left eye he can perceive
the light.[315] Lady Henley says that he presented the muffins to the
ladies last night in his old jocose and good-humoured manner.[316]
[315] "I have every reason to flatter myself that my sight is improving,
yet, I fear, this specimen will not prove the assertion, as you, my
lord, might expect. The gain can be but gradual; objects growing
brighter, though not as yet much clearer."--George III to the Bishop of
Worcester, September 5, 1805.
[316] Lord Henley to Lord Auckland, November 1, 1805.--_Auckland
Correspondence._
"Our Sovereign's sight is so much improved since last spring, that he
can now clearly distinguish objects at an extent of twenty yards. The
King, in consequence of this favourable change, has discontinued the use
of the large flapped hat which he usually wore, and likewise the silk
shade. His Majesty's mode of living is now not quite so abstemious. He
now sleeps on the north side of the Castle, next to the Terrace, in a
roomy apartment, not carpeted, on the ground floor. The room is neatly
furnished, partly in a modern style, under the tasteful direction of the
Princess Elizabeth. The King's private dining-room and the apartments
_en suite_, appropriated to his Majesty's use, are all on the same side
of the Castle.
"The Queen and the Princesses occupy the eastern wing. When the King
rises, which is generally about half-past seven o'clock, he proceeds
immediately to the Queen's saloon, where his Majesty is met by one of
the Princesses; generally either Augusta, Sophia or Amelia; for each in
turn attend their revered parent. From thence the sovereign and his
daughter, attended by the lady-in-waiting, proceed to the Chapel in the
Castle, wherein Divine service is performed by the Dean or Sub-Dean: the
ceremony occupies about an hour. Thus the time passes until nine
o'clock, when the King, instead of proceeding to his own apartment, and
breakfasting alone, now takes that meal with the Queen and the five
Princesses. The table is always set out in the Queen's noble
breakfasting-room, which has been recently decorated with very elegant
modern hangings; and, since the late improvements by Mr. Wyatt, commands
a most delightful and extensive prospect of the Little Park. The
breakfast does not occupy half-an-hour. The King and Queen sit at the
head of the table, and the Princesses according to seniority. Etiquette
in every other respect is strictly adhered to. On entering the room, the
usual forms are observed, agreeably to rank.
"After breakfast, the King generally rides out on horseback, attended by
his equerries, three of the Princesses, namely, Augusta, Sophia, Amelia,
are usually of the party. Instead of only walking his horse, his Majesty
now proceeds at a good round trot. When the weather is unfavourable, the
King retires to his favourite sitting-room, and sends for Generals
Fitzroy or Manners to play at chess with him. His Majesty, who knows the
game well, is highly pleased when he beats the former, that gentleman
being an excellent player.
"The King dines regularly at two o'clock; the Queen and Princesses at
four. His Majesty visits, or takes a glass of wine and water with them
at five. After this period, public business is frequently transacted by
the King in his own study, wherein he is attended by his private
secretary, Colonel Taylor. The evening is, as usual, passed at cards in
the Queen's drawing-room, where three tables are set out. To these
parties many of the principal nobility, etc., residing in the
neighbourhood are invited. When the Castle clock strikes ten, the
visitors retire. The supper is set out, but that is merely a matter of
form, and of which none of the family partake. These illustrious
personages retire at eleven o'clock, to rest for the night. The journal
of one day is the history of a whole year."[317]
[317] A contemporary account, quoted in _George III, his Court and
Family_.
Slowly but surely his sight gave way, and in the winter of 1806 he was
nearly blind. Pitt noted "a great change of handwriting ... it has grown
much larger, and the characters are very indistinct and
ill-formed;"[318] and in 1810 Lady Jerningham wrote, "John Bedingfield
has shewn to me the poor King's signature, and it would be impossible to
read in it _George Rex_ if the paper did not announce it had that
official signature."[319] George bore the affliction bravely. "I am
quite resigned," he said, "for what have we in this world to do, but to
suffer and perform the will of the Almighty."[320] Soon he could ride
only when the horse was led by a servant; while on foot he had to grope
his way with a stick. In spite of his determination to bear his ills
with fortitude he grew morbid, frequently asked to hear Handel's "Total
Eclipse," and one day was overheard by the Queen to quote Milton's lines
on his blindness:[321]
"O! loss of sight, of thee I most complain!
* * * * *
O, dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon,
Irrecoverably dark, total eclipse
Without all hope of day!
O, first created Beam, and thou great Word,
'Let there be light, and light was over all';
Why am I thus bereaved thy prime decree?"
[318] Stanhope: _Life of Pitt_.
[319] _Jerningham Letters._
[320] Galt: _George III, his Court and Family_.
[321] _Relics of Royalty._
In 1810 the King was greatly worried by the failure of the Walcheren
expedition, and the notorious "Duke and Darling" scandal that brought
disgrace upon the Duke of York and resulted in his resignation of the
office of Commander-in-Chief. On October 24 he was very unwell, and at
the Drawing-room on the next day every one noticed his excited manner.
On the 29th the Prime Minister and the Lord Chancellor visited him at
Windsor, where they came to the conclusion that he was not in a fit
state to discharge his kingly duties, and orders were given that only
physicians and medical attendants should have access to the royal
apartments. Then came the crowning blow in the form of the death of his
youngest and favourite daughter, Amelia, on November 2. She was deeply
attached to him, and placed on his finger a ring, containing a lock of
her hair, enclosed under a crystal tablet and inscribed "Remember me."
Even that inveterate opponent of royalty, "Peter Pindar," was touched,
and commemorated the event in some of the worst lines he ever wrote.
"With all the virtues blent, and every grace,
To charm the world and dignify her race,
Life's taper losing fail its feeble fire,
The fair Amelia, thus bespoke her sire:
Faint on the bed of sickness lying,
My spirit from its mansion flying,
Not long the light these languid eyes will see:
My friend, my father, and my King,
O, wear a daughter's mournful ring,
Receive the token, and 'Remember me.'"
On November 7, Sir Henry Halford, Dr. Reynolds and Dr. Baillie were
called in, and, with the approval of the Queen, in spite of his
Majesty's known wish, Dr. Willis was sent for. Prayers were publicly
offered for his recovery, and though once or twice he was a little
better, there was little or no hope of permanent improvement and on
December 21 Perceval introduced a Regency Bill, which became law on
February 4, 1811.
Hitherto all the attacks had been of short duration, none of them
continuing much beyond six months, but when deprived of his reason in
1810, he was never again in a fit state to be entrusted with the cares
of sovereignty. He had made his last appearance at a social function at
Windsor on the anniversary of his accession in 1810, haggard, infirm,
nearly blind and almost deaf, leaning on the arm of the Queen, and
speaking in the hurried, almost unintelligible manner that was an
invariable sign of a forthcoming illness. On May 20, 1811, he was seen
for the last time by any one outside his immediate family and
_entourage_. "On Sunday night, May 20, our town was in a fever of
excitement at the authorized report that the next day the physicians
would allow his Majesty to appear in public," an inhabitant of Windsor
wrote. "On that Monday morning it was said that his saddle-horse was to
be got ready. This truly was no wild rumour. We crowded to the park and
the castle-yard. The favourite horse was there. The venerable man, blind
but steady, was soon in the saddle, as I had often seen him, a hobby
groom at his side with a leading rein. He rode through the Little Park
to the Great Park. The bells rang. The troops fired a _feu de joie_.
The King returned to the Castle within an hour. He was never again seen
without those walls."[322]
[322] Quoted by Fitzgerald Molloy in _Court Life below Stairs_.
It was thought that the King could not long survive. "The general
opinion is that the King will die before the 22nd inst., (the date to
which Parliament was prorogued),"[323] Creevey wrote on July 12; and a
fortnight later Lord Grenville expressed the same opinion when writing
to Lord Auckland: "It is, I believe, certainly true that the King has
taken for the last three days scarcely any food at all, and that, unless
a change takes place very shortly in that respect, he cannot survive
many days."[324] Lord Buckinghamshire, however, was able to state on
August 13, "The King, I should suppose, is not likely to die soon, but I
fear his mental recovery is hardly to be expected."[325]
[323] _Creevey Papers._
[324] _Auckland Correspondence._
[325] Byron: _Letters and Journal_.
According to Mrs. Papendiek, who obtained her information from "private
sources," the King's malady was caused more by a loss of mental power
than an aberration of intellect, and it never assumed a condition of
actual insanity.[326] There was some hope in February 1811 that the King
would recover, and some members of the Council were actually of opinion
that at this time he was in full possession of his faculties, so calmly
and sensibly had he spoken on various topics, and they were prepared to
pronounce him restored and able to resume his power, Lord Ellenborough
using the words of Pilate, "I find no fault at all in that just person."
To this opinion Sir Henry Halford could not subscribe, for, knowing the
cunning of mad persons, he was aware that often only the greatest
vigilance could detect the existence of the delusions from which the
patient suffered.
[326] _Court and Private Life._
"One day when the King fancied himself surrounded by servants only, and
when a medical attendant was watching unseen, he took a glass of wine
and water and drank it to the health _conjugia meae dilectissimae
Elizabethae_, meaning Lady Pembroke. Here was a delusion clearly
established and noted down immediately: the use of Latin, which was not
to be understood by those whom he supposed _only_ to hear him, affording
a singular proof of the old cunning of insanity. A few days later, Sir
Henry was walking with him on the Terrace; he began talking of the
Lutheran religion, of its superiority to that of the Church of England,
and ended with growing so vehement that he really ranted forth its
praises without mentioning that which Sir Henry believes to have been
the real motive of this preference--the left-handed marriages allowed.
He was very anxious to see whether traces of this delusion would appear
again, and went to the Duke of York to ask for information as to the
tenets, practices, etc., etc., of the Lutheran Church. The Duke said,
"Watch him in Passion Week; if he fancies himself a Lutheran, you will
see an extraordinary degree of mortification and mourning," etc., etc.
When Sir Henry returned to the assembled physicians he wrote down the
substance of this conversation, and without communicating it to anybody,
requested those present to seal the paper and keep it in a chest where
their notes and other papers of importance are kept, under locks of
which each had a separate key. When the Monday in Passion Week arrived,
and Sir Henry had nearly forgotten the conversation, he went into the
King's dressing-room while he was at his toilet, and found the
attendants in amazement at his having called for and put on black
stockings, black waistcoat and breeches, and a grey coat with black
buttons. It was curious to hear that his delusions assumed, like those
of other madmen, the character of pride, and that a Sovereign ever
fancied himself in a station more elevated than his own. He would
sometimes fancy himself possessed of a supernatural power, and when
angry with any of his keepers, stamp his foot and say he would send them
down into hell."[327]
[327] F. W. Wynn: _Diaries of a Lady of Quality_.
It was during the lucid interval to which reference has just been made
that Sir Henry Halford was deputed to broach an awkward subject to the
King. George had known of the death of Princess Amelia, and every day
his attendants dreaded lest he should ask questions as to her property
and her will. There had been a close intimacy between the Princess and
General Fitzroy--there was the rumour of a secret marriage--and the
trouble was that she had left everything to him. The Queen was afraid to
mention this to the King, and Perceval and the Lord Chancellor
successively undertook the disclosure and shrunk from it, imposing it
upon Sir Henry. "Never," said the latter subsequently, "could I forget
the feelings with which, having requested some private conversation with
the King, after the other physicians were gone, I was called into a
window with the light falling so full on my countenance that even the
poor nearly blind King could see it. I asked whether it would be
agreeable to him to hear now how Princess Amelia had disposed of her
little property. "Certainly, certainly, I want to know," with great
eagerness. I reminded him at the beginning of his illness he had
appointed Fitzroy to ride with her at Weymouth; how it was natural and
proper she should leave him some token for these services; that,
excepting jewels, she had nothing to leave, and had bequeathed them all
to him; that the Prince of Wales, thinking jewels a very inappropriate
bequest for a man, had given Fitzroy a pecuniary compensation for them
(his family, by the bye, always said it was very inadequate) and had
distributed slight tokens to all the attendants and friends of the
Princess, giving the bulk of the jewels to Princess Mary, her most
constant and kindest of nurses. Upon this the poor King exclaimed,
"Quite right, just like the Prince of Wales," and no more was
said."[328]
[328] F. W. Wynn: _Diaries of a Lady of Quality_.
It was in the summer of 1814 that the Queen entered the King's apartment
during one of these lucid intervals, and found him singing a hymn and
accompanying himself on the harpsichord. When he had concluded, he knelt
down and prayed aloud for his consort, for his family, for the nation,
and, lastly, for himself, that it might please God to avert his heavy
calamity, or, if not, give him resignation under it. Then his emotions
overpowered him, he burst into tears, and his reason fled. He was never
again sane.[329]
[329] _Georgiana._
"The public bulletins which have been issued for some months past, have
all stated that his Majesty's disorder remains undiminished; and we
understand that it is the opinion of the medical gentlemen attending him
that nothing far short of a miracle can bring about a recovery from his
afflicting malady, "so runs a contemporary account. "At times, we are
happy to learn, he is tolerably composed. The number of persons
specially appointed by the doctors is reduced from six to two, and his
principal pages are admitted, and have been for some time, to attend
upon him, as when he enjoyed good health. His Majesty dines at half past
one o'clock, and, in general, orders his dinners: he invariably has
roast beef upon the tables on Sundays. He dresses for dinner, wears his
orders, etc.
"He occupies a suite of thirteen rooms (at least, he and his attendants)
which are situated on the North side of Windsor Castle, under the State
rooms. Five of the thirteen rooms are wholly devoted to the personal use
of the King. Dr. John Willis sleeps in the sixth room, adjoining, to be
in readiness to attend his Majesty. Dr. John attends the Queen every
morning after breakfast, and about half-past ten o'clock, and reports to
her the state of the afflicted monarch; the Doctor, afterwards, proceeds
to the Princesses, and other branches of the Royal family, who may
happen to be at Windsor, and makes a similar report to them. In general
the Queen returns with Dr. Willis, through the state rooms, down a
private staircase, leading into the King's suite of rooms, appropriated
to this special purpose. Sometimes she converses with her Royal husband.
The Queen is the only person who is admitted to this peculiar privilege,
except the medical gentleman, and his Majesty's personal attendants. In
the case of Dr. John Willis's absence, Dr. Robert Willis, his brother,
takes his place. The other medical gentlemen take it in rotation to be
in close attendance upon the King.
"The suite of rooms which his Majesty and his attendants occupy, have
the advantage of very pure and excellent air, being on the North side of
the terrace round the Castle; and he used to occasionally walk on the
terrace; but, we understand, he now declines, owing to the bad state of
his eyes, not being able to enjoy the view. The Lords and Grooms of the
King's Bedchamber, his Equerries and other attendants are occasionally
in attendance at Windsor Castle, the same as if the King enjoyed good
health. Two King's Messengers go from the Secretary of State's offices
daily to Windsor, and return to London, as they have been accustomed to
do for a number of years past. The messenger who arrives at noon brings
a daily account of the King's health to the Prince Regent, and the
Members of the Queen's Council. His Majesty has never been left since
his afflicting malady, without one of the Royal Family being in the
Castle, and a member of the Queen's council, appointed under the Regency
Act."[330]
[330] _The Gentleman's Magazine_, January 5, 1816.
During his last years George III was subject to harmless and not
unpleasing delusions. "The good King's mania consists in pleasant errors
of the mind,"[331] said Lady Jerningham; and this statement was
confirmed by Princess Elizabeth: "If anything can make us more easy
under the calamity which it has pleased God to inflict on us, it is the
apparent happiness that my revered father seems to feel."[332] He found
much comfort in religion, and on one occasion declared, "Although I am
deprived of my sight, and am shut out from the society of my beloved
family, yet I can approach my Blessed Lord," and thereupon administered
to himself the Sacrament.[333] Indeed, he was unhappy only when he could
not have his favourite dinner of cold mutton and salad, plover's eggs,
stewed peas, and cherry tart; and fearful--he who in his senses had
never known fear--only when it was proposed to shave his beard. "If it
must be," he said, "I will have the battle axes called in."[334]
[331] _Jerningham Letters, February 14, 1817._
[332] Galt: _George III, His Court and Family_.
[333] _Georgiana._
[334] _Lord Carlisle's Reminiscences._
[Illustration: GEORGE III IN HIS STUDY
_To face p. 287, Vol. II_]
The King loved to wander through the corridors, a venerable figure with
long silvery beard, attired in a silk morning gown and ermine night cap,
holding imaginary conversations with ministers long since dead,
"rationally as to the discourse, but the persons supposed present"; and
so pleasantly did he while away the time that sometimes his dinner was
ready before he expected it. "Can it be so late?" he would ask. "_Quand
on s'amuse le temps vole._"[335] He was fully convinced that Princess
Amelia--"my poor Am"--was alive and happy at Hanover, enjoying perennial
youth and beauty; and believed that he was prosecuting an amorous
intrigue with Lady Pembroke, whom he often believed to be his wife, and
whose absence angered him. "Is it not a strange thing, Adolphus," he
said to the Duke of Cambridge, "that they still refuse to let me go to
Lady Pembroke, although every one knows I am married to her; but what is
worse, that infamous scoundrel Halford was at the marriage, and has now
the effrontery to deny it to my face."[336] He considers himself no
longer an inhabitant of this world, and often, when he had played one of
his favourite tunes, observes that he was very fond of it when he was in
the world. He speaks of the Queen and all his family, and hopes they are
doing well now, for he loved them very much when he was with them,"
Princess Elizabeth remarks, and the belief that he was dead was one of
his regular delusions. "I must have a new suit of clothes, he said one
day, "and I will have them black in memory of George the Third, for he
was a good man."[337]
[335] _Ibid._
[336] _Buckingham Memoirs._
[337] _Relics of Royalty._
The King lived on, recognizing no one, and knowing nothing of
contemporary events. Waterloo was fought and won, and Napoleon
overthrown; Princess Charlotte of Wales married and died, his consort
went down to her grave, and his sons and daughters contracted
matrimonial alliances, yet he lived on. Indeed, his constitution was so
sound that, in spite of all infirmities, his physical health continued
good. "In 1818, however, he had ceased even to walk, being conveyed in
his chair from his bed to another room, and placed near an old
harpsichord of Queen Anne's, said not to have been tuned since her time.
On this he would play for hours, in the belief that he was making
music."[338]
[338] _Lord Carlisle's Reminiscences._
[Illustration: _From a portrait by H. Eldridge_
QUEEN CHARLOTTE
_To face p. 289, Vol. II_]
Queen Charlotte had been ailing for a long time. "The severe affliction
and constant anxiety she was in was probably the cause, and from this
time (1789) her Majesty's health was less uniformly good," wrote Mrs.
Papendiek. "The dropsy, which had been floating in her constitution
since the birth of Prince Alfred, now made its deposit, and caused her
at times much suffering." She had been much upset by the King's various
outbreaks of violence in 1804, and was, indeed, so alarmed that
thereafter she saw little of him. "The Queen lives upon ill terms with
the King. They never sleep or dine together; she persists in living
entirely separate," wrote Lord Colchester; and Lord Malmesbury recorded:
"The Queen will never receive the King without one of the Princesses
being present; never says in reply a word. Piques herself on this
discreet silence, and when in London, locks the door of her
white-room--her boudoir--against him." On April 23, 1817, she was seized
with a severe spasmodic attack, but with indomitable endurance she
continued to hold Drawing-rooms and was present at the royal weddings
that took place during the year. She was anxious to be taken to Windsor,
but the step was long delayed, and she never got further than Kew,
where she died after a lingering and painful illness, on November 16,
1818.
In that year Byron wrote, "the poor good King may live to 200; he
continues in good bodily health, and is perfectly happy, conversing with
the dead, and sometimes relating pleasant things. They say it is a most
charming illusion."[339]
[339] Byron: _Letters and Journal_.
Early in January, 1820, it became known that the old King was unwell,
and though a reassuring bulletin was issued--"His Majesty's disorder has
undergone no sensible alteration. His Majesty's bodily health has
partaken some of the infirmities of age, but has been generally good
during the last month"--it was still believed that he would not recover.
He could not get warm, his food did not nourish him, and his frame grew
more and more emaciated; but it was not until January 27, when for the
first time he kept his bed, that the physicians pronounced his life in
danger. Two days later death claimed him. "A few minutes before this
venerable monarch expired, he extended his arms, and bade his attendants
raise him up--the doctors signified to his attendants not to do so, in
the supposition that the effort would extinguish life,--but upon his
repeating the request, they obeyed, and he thanked them. His lips were
parched, and occasionally wetted with a sponge. He, with perfect
presence of mind, said: 'Do not wet my lips but when I open my mouth.'
And when done he added, thank you, it does me good.'"[340]
[340] _Jerningham Letters._
So on January 29, 1820, died George III in the sixtieth year of his
reign, and at the patriarchal age of eighty-one, unhonoured and unsung,
the monarch of the greatest country that the world has yet seen, yet
unenvied by the lowest of his subjects. "What preacher need moralize on
this story; what words save the simplest are requisite to tell it? It is
too terrible for tears." So runs Thackeray's exquisite passage on the
downfall of George III, with which this work may fittingly conclude.
"The thought of such misery smites me down in submission before the
Ruler of kings and men, the Monarch supreme over empires and republics,
the inscrutable Dispenser of Life, death, happiness, victory.... Low he
lies, to whom the proudest used to kneel once, and who was cast lower
than the poorest: dead, whom millions prayed for in vain. Driven off his
throne, buffeted by rude hands; with his children in revolt; the darling
of his old age killed before him untimely; our Lear hangs over her
breathless lips and cries, 'Cordelia, Cordelia, stay a little!'
'Vex not his ghost--Oh! let him pass--he hates him
That would upon the rack of this tough world
Stretch him out longer!'
Hush! Strife and Quarrel, over the solemn grave! Sound, trumpets, a
mournful march! Fall, dark curtain, upon his pageant, his pride, his
grief, his awful tragedy!"
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INDEX
Abercorn, James, Earl of, I, 130
Adams, John, II, 13, 170-1
Addington, Dr. Anthony, II, 59, 214
--, Henry, I, 186;
II, 81 note, 30, 261, 265
Adelaide, Queen, II, 244
Adolphus, Prince (son of George III). _See_ Cambridge, Duke of
--, John, I, 164, 278 note, 289;
II, 50 note
Albemarle, Lord, II, 42
Alfred, Prince (son of George III), II, 237
Amelia, Princess (daughter of George III), II, 237 note, 241,
274, 277, 282-3, 287
--, Princess (daughter of George II), I, 3, 4, 82, 144;
II, 30-1
American Colonies, II, 1-10;
repeal of the Stamp Act, a great victory, II, 126;
popular enthusiasm, _ibid._;
unpopularity of the Declaratory Act, 127;
The Mutiny Act, 128;
want of wisdom and tact of English ministers towards the Colonies, 128;
Townshend brings forward fresh taxing measures, 129, 130, 131;
seizure of the _Liberty_, 134;
Appointment of Lord Hillsborough as Secretary of State for America, 135;
arrival of troops in the Colonies, 136;
Grafton suggests repeal of the import duties, 137;
North proposes that duty on tea should be retained, 138;
tea duty riot at Boston, 138;
petition of the Colonies to the King, 139, 140;
flinging of the tea into Boston harbour, 141;
the Boston Port Bill, 141, 142;
no anxiety in England, 143;
the Colonies in open rebellion, 144;
battle of Lexington, 145;
Bunker's Hill, 147;
capture of New York by Howe, 147;
Burgoyne's success at Philadelphia 147;
Battle of Saratoga, 148;
mismanagement of the English troops, 152, 153;
Lord North's plan of conciliation, 155;
general feeling in England as to the impossibility to conquer America,
158;
the Duke of Richmond moves the independence of America, 160;
Chatham makes a dying speech in protest, 161;
victory of Cornwallis, 165;
surrender of York town, 165;
negotiations of Rockingham and Shelburne with the States, 170;
treaty signed, _ibid._
Amherst, Sir Jeffrey, II, 66
Ancaster, Duchess of, I, 128, 207, 232
--, Duke of, I, 291
Andrews, Rev. --, I, 169
Anne, Princess (daughter of George II), I, 4, 8, 9
Anson, Lord, I, 154
Anstey, Christopher, II, 13
Argyll, Duke of, I, 21 note
Astley, Sir Edward, II, 79
Auckland, Earl of, II, 264, 279
Augusta, Princess (sister of George III), afterwards Duchess of
Brunswick, I, 14, 230;
II, 99, 120-3
--, Princess (daughter of George III), I, 51, 56, 74;
II, 237 note, 240, 241, 254, 262, 274
--, (wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales). _See_ Wales, Princess Dowager of
Augustus, Prince (son of George III). _See_ Sussex, Duke of
Axford, Isaac, I, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100
Aylesbury, Earl of, I, 21 note
Aylesford, Earl of, I, 21 note
Ayrton, Dr., II, 209
Ayscough, Dr. Francis, I, 35, 36
Bach, Madame, I, 223
Baillie, Dr. Matthew, II, 277
Baker, Sir George, II, 205, 207, 208, 212, 219, 227, 233
Baltimore, Lord, I, 12, 18, 33 note
Bancroft, George, II, 135, 136
Banks, Sir Joseph, I, 82, 191
Barclay, Robert, I, 169
Barre, Colonel Isaac, I, 277;
II, 5, 14, 34
Barrymore, Earl of, I, 21 note
Bartlett, Miss, I, 92
Bateman, Lord, I, 181
Bathurst, Lord, I, 69
Beattie, James, I, 192
Beaufort, Duke of, I, 21 note;
II, 70
Beckford, William (Lord Mayor), I, 150, 152, 266-7, 272;
II, 4, 5
--, William, junr., I, 187, 190
Bedford, John, Duke of, I, 21 note, 148, 162, 276, 277, 282, 283, 285, 291;
II, 50 note, 136-7
Bentinck, Lady Harriet, I, 134 note
Bernard, Sir Francis, II, 16, 135, 136
Bertie, Lord Robert, I, 37
Bessborough, Earl of, II, 50 note
Betterton, Mrs., I, 221
Betts, Mr., I, 28
Bladen, Colonel, II, 7 note
Blake, William, I, 193
Bolingbroke, Henry, Viscount, I, 21, 36, 207
Bolton, Harry, Duke of, II, 95
Boswell, James, I, 143, 160
Bridgwater, Duke of, I, 21 note
Bristol, Lord, II, 60
Brougham, Henry, Baron, II, 30-1, 89
Brown, Launcelot, I, 202 note
Brudenel, Hon. James, I, 69
Brunswick, Adolphus, Duke of, I, 127
--, Augusta, Duchess of. _See_ Augusta, Princess
--, Charles, Duke of, II, 120-3
Buckingham, Lady, I, 177
Buckinghamshire, Lord, II, 279
Buggins, Lady Cecilia. _See_ Underwood
Bunbury, Lady Sarah. _See_ Lennox
--, Sir Thomas Charles, I, 117
Buononcini, I, 9
Burgoyne, General John, II, 83, 147
Burke, Edmund, I, 8, 285, 286;
II, 4, 22, 22 note, 25, 45, 49, 75, 78, 114, 129, 137, 161, 178, 180,
187, 189, 190, 190 note, 191, 196, 197, 226 note
Burney, Dr. Charles, I, 213
--, Frances, I, 209, 210, 211-16, 222, 223, 227, 230-1, 233;
II, 204, 207, 211, 218, 229-30, 246, 252-3, 255
Burns, Robert, I, 55-6
Bute, Lord, I, 43, first meeting with Frederick Prince of Wales, 44;
his ascendency 45;
much detested, 46, 47;
character according to Walpole, 48;
alleged intimacy with the Princess Dowager, 47, 48, 49;
his absolutist theories, 49, 50;
appointed groom of the stole, 68;
prepares the King's first speech, 137-138;
introduces a bill to secure the judges in their office for life, 141,;
advises King to cede prize money, 143;
his ascendency, 144;
made ranger of Richmond park, 144;
suspicion of the City of London, 144, 145;
scheme to place at head of affairs, 146;
unpopularity of, 150;
his henchmen attack Pitt, 150;
violently attacked in the city, 152;
becomes first Lord of the Treasury, 154;
great feeling against him, 156, 157;
his inordinate craving for power, 158, his patronage of literature, 159;
his employment of bribery, 160;
introduces a cyder tax, 163;
resigns, _ibid._;
his character and failings, 164, 165;
founds the "Auditor" and the "Briton," 235;
negotiations with the king over a coalition government, 273, 276;
great unpopularity with the Whigs, 289;
II, 27, 28, 29
Byron, George, Lord, I, xiii, 172, 268;
II, 13, 90, 93, 290
Calcraft, John, I, 277
Calderwood, Mrs., I, 104
Cambridge, Adolphus, Duke of, II, 237 note, 243, 287
Camden, Charles, Earl of, I, 85, 239, 252, 287;
II, 24, 33, 48, 69-70, 143 note, 163
Campbell, Lady Archibald, I, 12, 14
--, Colonel, I, 183
--, Lord Frederick, I, 291
Cantalupe, Lord, I, 207 note
Cantilo, Miss, I, 223
Carhampton, Earl of, II, 109
Carlisle, Henry, Earl of, I, 21 note
--, Frederick, Earl of, I, 196, 226;
II, 53, 146, 155, 204
Carlyle, Thomas, I, 2-3
Carnarvon, Marquis of, I, 21 note, 35 note, 181
Caroline, Queen (Consort of George II), I, 5, 9, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 30
-- Matilda, Princess (sister of George III), Queen of Denmark, II, 99,
112, 123-5
Carpenter, Lady Almeria, II, 100 note, 118
Carteret, John, I, 21
Catherine II, Empress of Russia, I, 195
Cave, Edward, I, 22
Cavendish, Lord George, I, 273
--, Lord John, II, 190
Chambers, Sir William, I, 75, 204, 205
Charles Edward (Young Pretender), I, 31, 140, 141, 141 note
Charlotte, Queen (Consort of George III), letter to King of Prussia, I,
121, 122;
extreme simplicity of her training, 126, 127;
formal betrothal, 127;
leaves Strelitz, 128;
arrives at Harwich, 129;
progress to London, 130;
arrives at the Palace, 131;
description of personal appearance, 132, 133, 134;
her Puritanism, 198;
in her early married life little better than a prisoner, 206;
which causes a certain bitterness in her character, 208;
influence of Mdlle. Schwellenberg, 209;
dislike of Fanny Burney, 211-213;
the Queen takes English lessons, 220, 221;
fond of the theatre, 222, 223;
her anxiety for her children, 226, 227;
interests herself in trinkets, 227;
not popular with her subjects, 227, 228;
her domineering spirit, 229, 230;
no endearing qualities, 231;
a hard woman, 232;
becomes patroness of the Magdalen Hospital, _ibid._;
concern at the King's illness, II, 209, 211, 212;
opposition to the Prince of Wales, 247;
amusing encounter with Colonel Landmann, 255-257;
illness and death, 289, 290
Charlotte, Princess (daughter of George III). _See_ Wurtemberg, Queen of
-- of Brunswick, Princess (afterwards Queen Charlotte, Consort of
George IV), II, 123, 264, 268
-- of Wales, Princess, II, 81 note, 241, 288
Chatham, William, Earl of. _See_ Pitt
--, John, Earl of, II, 145
Chesterfield, Philip, Fourth Earl of, I, 9, 21, 48, 85, 158, 199,
225-6, 228;
II, 39
--, Philip, Fifth Earl of, I, 168;
II, 254
Churchill, Charles, I, 235, 238, 241-3, 244 note, 247-8, 248-9
Christian VII, King of Denmark, II, 123-5
Christina of Brunswick, Princess, I, 127 note
Chudleigh, Elizabeth, I, 90, 91, 157, 157 note
Clarence, Adelaide, Duchess of. _See_ Adelaide, Queen
--, William, Duke of. _See_ William IV
Clarke, Mary Anne, II, 249, 276
Clements, Mrs., II, 104
Cobham, Richard, Viscount, I, 21
Coke, Lady Mary, II, 100-1
Colchester, Lord, II, 289
Colville, Admiral Lord, II, 16
Conway, Henry Seymour, II, 4, 14, 24, 24 note, 33, 37, 48, 79, 169
Cooke, George, I, 255
Coote, Sir Eyre, II, 174
Cornwallis, Charles, Marquis of, II, 165, 184
--, Frederick (Archbishop of Canterbury), I, 171-2
Costard, George, I, 28
Courtoun, Lady, II, 254
--, Lord, II, 254
Coventry, Earl of, I, 21 note;
II, 70
Creevey, Thomas, II, 270, 279
Cresset, Mr., I, 38, 39
Crosdill, John, I, 223
Cumberland, Anne, Duchess of, II, 109-11, 113, 117, 243
--, Ernest, Duke of, I, 77;
II, 237 note, 244-5, 249-250
--, Henry, Duke of, I, 22 note, 102 note, 103;
II, 99, 103, 106, 107-11, 117, 117 note, 119-20, 121, 244
--, William, Duke of, I, 58-61, 82, 282, 284, 288, 290, 292, 293, 294;
II, 30, 202-3
Dalkeith, Lady, I, 228 note
Dance (painter), I, 195-6
Darnley, Earl of, I, 21 note
Dartmouth, Earl of, II, 139, 145
Dashwood, Catherine, I, 206, 206 note
--, Sir Francis. _See_ Le Despencer, Lord
De Bouille, Marquis, II, 174
De Chatelet, M., II, 136
De Choiseul, Duc, II, 133, 136
De Dieden, M., II, 124
De Grabow, Mme., I, 126
De Herzfeldt, Madame, II, 123
De Kalb, II, 133, 134
De Villars, Duc, II, 101
Delany, Mrs., I, 201, 213, 234, 259;
II, 203 note
Dempster, Dr., I, 156
Denbigh, Basil, Earl of, I, 21 note, 164;
II, 38
Derby, Earl of, I, 21 note;
II, 186
Desbrowe, Colonel, I, 133
Desnoyers, I, 27
Devonshire, William, Duke of, I, 273
--, Fifth Duke of, I, 291
Dickinson, II, 128
Digby, Lord, I, 69
Dodington, George Bubb, I, 7, 41, 71, 72, 74, 145
Doran, John, I, 60, 100
Dorset, Duke of, II, 173
Dowdeswell, William, II, 78
Downe, Lord, I, 37
Dubourgay, I, 4
Duncan, Sir William, I, 277
Dundas, Sir Lawrence, II, 37
--, Henry, I, 263
Dunning, John, II, 70
Dyson, Jeremiah, II, 39, 54, 55
Eden, William, II, 155
Edgcombe, Lord, II, 50
Edward, Prince (brother of George III). _See_ York, Duke of
--, Prince (son of George III). _See_ Kent, Duke of
Edwin, Lady Charlotte, I, 33 note
Effingham, Countess of, I, 207; II, 207
--, Earl of, II, 145
Eglington, Alexander, Earl of, II, 54
Egremont, Countess of, I, 207
--, Earl of, I, 153, 154, 238, 239, 240, 258
Eldon, John, Earl of, II, 260
Elizabeth, Princess (daughter of George III). _See_ Hesse-Homburg,
Landgravine of
Ellenborough, Lord, II, 280
Elliott, Sir Gilbert, II, 83, 207-8
Ellis, Welbore, II, 179
Elliston, Robert, I, 223
Ernest, Prince (son of George III). _See_ Cumberland, Duke of
Erskine, Sir Harry, I, 272
Essex, Charlotte, Countess of, II, 99
--, William, Earl of, I, 15
Euston, Lord, I, 69
Evans, Mr., I, 28
Fauconberg, Earl of, II, 207
Fitzherbert, Mrs., I, 98, 100, 103;
II, 115 note
Fitzroy, General, II, 241, 274, 283
Fitzwilliam, Lord, II, 193
Fox, Charles James, I, xiii, 81, 107, 115;
II, 24, 75, 85, 114, 146, 158, 161, 168, 178, 179-90, 191-2, 194, 196,
197, 198, 199, 222, 224-5, 231, 258, 261, 262
--, Henry. _See_ Holland, Baron
--, Lady Caroline, I, 106
Franklin, Benjamin, II, 11, 23, 132, 133, 146
Frederick, Prince of Wales, born at Hanover, I, 1;
unpopular with his parents, 2;
early project to marry him to Wilhelmina of Prussia, I, 2-4;
arrival in England, 5;
quarrels with his parents, _ibid._;
fault not entirely his, 6;
his debts, 6, 7;
throws his lot in with the opposition, 8;
his jealousy of the Princess Royal, 9;
marriage, 10;
intrigue with Anne Vane, 11, 12;
with Lady Archibald Hamilton, 11, 12;
with Lady Middlesex, 12;
his debts, 13;
birth of the Princess Augusta, 14;
subsequent quarrel at Prince's behaviour thereover, 14-20;
banished from Court, 20;
his attempts to gain popularity, 21;
a patron of manufactures and arts, I, 21, 22;
popular with the mob, 23, 24;
Walpole's attempt to bring about a reconciliation, 24;
whose offer is refused, 25;
reconciliation with George II, 26;
his death, 27;
contemporary opinion of him, 28;
posthumous opinion, 30-32.
Frederick I, King of Sweden, I, 33 note
-- the Great, II, 121-3, 149
--, Prince (brother of George III), I, 22 note;
II, 98
--, Prince (son of George III). _See_ York, Duke of
Freeman, Dr., I, 22
Gage, General, II, 142, 145, 158
Galt, John, I, 23, 34, 73, 75, 80, 131, 136, 182;
II, 2, 31, 201
Garrick, David, I, 179-80
Garth, Colonel, II, 249, 254
--, General, II, 260
Gates, General, II, 165
George I. I, 1, 139, 140, 257
George II. I, 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16-18, 19, 20, 24, 39, 40, 55,
56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 74, 105, 106, 139, 140, 257
George III. Character, I, ix-xv, Birth, I, 33, 34;
education begins when scarcely six years old, 35;
placed under Dr. Ayscough, who was the wrong man for the place, 35, 36;
George Scott appointed, 36;
Lord North becomes governor, 36, 37;
household of the young prince, 37;
dissension in the tutor's camp, 38-40;
Dr. Thomas appointed preceptor, 42;
Lord Waldegrave appointed governor, _ibid._;
influence of Lord Bute, 49, 50, 53;
close vigilance of his mother, I, 51;
her strictness, 52;
titles bestowed on the death of his father, 55;
George II takes some interest in the heir-apparent, 56;
question of appointing a regent, 58;
Duke of Cumberland proposed and unpopularity thereof, 59;
alarm of George II at the tameness of his disposition, 62;
marriage proposal, 62, 63;
indignation of the Princess Dowager, 63;
machinations to prevent marriage, 63, 64;
fury of George II, _ibid._;
attempt of ministers to withdraw Prince from maternal influence, 68;
royal grant given of L40,000, but Prince refuses to leave his mother, 66;
ministers nonplussed, 66, 67;
desires Lord Bute to be made groom of the stole, 67;
dismissal of Lord Waldegrave, 68;
reorganisation of the Prince's establishment, 69;
succeeds to the throne, 71;
poor equipment and education for the high office, and his homely
tastes, 71-80;
early love for agriculture, 75;
very untravelled, 76;
ill effects of the isolation of his youth, 77, 78;
his good qualities, 80;
strong prejudices, 81;
astonishing aptitude for King-craft, _ibid._;
popular at his accession, 82, 83;
alleged connection with Hannah Lightfoot, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
92, 94, 96;
alleged marriage with her, 97, 98, 99, 100;
"Appeal for Royalty" documents a forgery, 101, 102;
examination of the Lightfoot claim, 103, 104;
infatuation for Lady Sarah Lennox, 105, 106;
alarm of the Princess Dowager, 107;
connivance of Fox, to whose interest the marriage would be, 108, 109;
the King takes Lady Susan Fox Strangways into his confidence, 110;
rumour of a
Brunswick marriage, 102;
alleged proposal at a dance to Lady Sarah Lennox, 112;
announcement of
marriage to Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 113;
discussion as to reason for rejecting Lady Sarah, 114, 115;
after marriage the King still has an attachment for Lady Sarah, 117, 118;
the royal marriage, selection of Princess Charlotte, I, 121;
notifies his intention of marriage to the Privy Council, 124;
sends Lord Harcourt to demand formally the hand of Princess Charlotte,
126, 127;
treaty of marriage signed, 128;
arrival of Princess Charlotte at Harwich, 129;
the King disappointed at her appearance, 131;
speech to the nation, 136, 137, 138;
favourable reception of same, 138;
popular because English, 129;
on Bute's advice cedes prize money and accepts a settled income, 143;
ascendency of Lord Bute, 144, 146;
dismissal of Pitt, 148;
lampoons on the fall of the Great Commoner, 150;
the King and Queen in the city, 151, indifferent reception, 152;
resignation of the Duke of Newcastle, 154;
appointment of Lord Bute as First Lord of the Treasury, _ibid._;
his unpopularity at its zenith, 157, 158;
Bute, desirous of peace, compelled to make war, 161;
the cyder tax, 163;
resignation of Lord Bute, _ibid._;
deeply religious, 167, 168, 169;
visits Robert Barclay, the Quaker, 169;
friendly to Nonconformists but hates Roman Catholics, 170;
a high ideal for those in clerical orders, 171;
proclamation for the encouragement of piety and virtue, 173, 174, 175;
strict
observance of the Sabbath, 175;
dullness of the Court, 176, 177;
not possessed of popular qualities, 178, 179;
very affable in the country, 179;
meets David Garrick, 180, his tactless remarks, 180;
his vein of humour, 181, 182, 183;
a great sense of regal dignity, 185;
takes himself with great seriousness, 186;
a stickler for etiquette, 186, 187, 188;
reputation for stupidity, 189, 190;
the dispute over the lightning conductor, 191;
some liking for art, 191, 192;
a patron of literature, 193;
founds a library, 193, 194;
his patronage, 194, 195;
not generous, 196;
unpopularity of the Court due to parsimony, 198, 199, 200;
seeks a more secluded residence, 202;
purchases Buckingham House, 203;
elaborate preparations, 204;
known henceforth as the Queen's House, _ibid._;
his residence at Richmond Lodge and improvements, 204, 205;
prison-like seclusion of the Queen, 206, 207;
Mdlle. Swellenberg 208-210;
Frances Burney, 212, 213;
private life of the King and Queen very dull, 216, 222, 223;
takes an active interest in the domestic economy of the palaces, 218;
abuse of tipping, 219;
quaintness of the internal management of the palace, 219, 220;
his daily life, 224, 225;
stricter rearing of the royal children, 226-227;
publications of "The North Briton," No. xlv, 236;
violent attack on the ministers, 237;
anger of the King, _ibid._;
issues a warrant, and printer and publisher are arrested, 238;
arrest of Wilkes, _ibid._;
set at liberty, 239;
but is dismissed from the Buckinghamshire militia, 240;
meeting of Parliament in 1763 and the "Essay on Woman," 248;
the House orders No. xlv to be burnt by the common hangman, 249;
duel between Wilkes and Martin, 249;
Parliament outlaws Wilkes for contumacy, 251;
popularity of Wilkes, 252, 253;
elected for Middlesex, 255;
expelled from Parliament and re-elected, 256;
deeply incensed at Wilkes's popularity, 257;
his courage in politics, 257;
attack on his life by Margaret Nicholson, 258;
his bravery, 259;
second attempt on his life, 259, 260;
third attempt, 263, 264, 265;
reconciliation with Wilkes, 268;
places Grenville at the Treasury, 269;
his regard for him, 270;
discovers too late that Grenville is a hard task-master, 270, 271;
makes strenuous efforts to free himself, 272;
suggests a coalition to Lord Bute, 272;
his antipathy to the Whigs, 273;
sends for Pitt, 274;
forced to ask Grenville to remain in office, 275;
endeavours to sow dissension among the Whigs, 276;
offends the Duke of Bedford, 277;
taken ill, 277;
first indications of mental derangement, 278, 279, 280;
recovery, 281;
Regency Bill, 281, 282;
intrigue to omit the name of Princess Dowager from the Regency Council,
283, 284;
indignation thereover with Lord Halifax and Lord Sandwich, 284;
negotiates through the Duke of Cumberland, for the return of the Whigs,
284, 285;
Pitt only man able to form a strong administration, 286;
Grenville offers resignation, 287;
Pitt approached, 287;
failure of negotiations 288;
recall of Grenville, 288;
the King furious at the minister's terms, 289, 290;
fresh overtures to Pitt, 293, 294;
as a last resource Lord Rockingham offered office, 295;
desires to tax the American colonies, II, 1-4;
the Stamp Act, 3-4, 11;
mismanagement of American colonies, 4-9;
outcry in the colonies at the passing of the Stamp Act, 13;
mob destroy the Stamp office, 15;
the day the Stamp Act comes into force kept as a day of mourning, 16;
the King seriously alarmed at the trouble in America, 18;
Pitt attacks Stamp Act, 19-23;
repeal of the Stamp Act, 25;
Whigs mistrust Bute, 26, 27, 29-32;
surprise of the nation at the appointment of Rockingham, 32;
a weak administration, 32, 33;
his difficulties, 35, 36;
intrigues against the ministry, 37, 38;
defeat of the government in the House of Lords, 39;
Rockingham remonstrates against Court intrigue, 40, 41, 42;
Rockingham ministry falls, 44;
the King sends for Pitt, II, 46;
forms ministry, 47, 48;
enthusiasm of the people for Pitt, 49;
Pitt accepts earldom, 50;
unpopularity of the step, _ibid._;
his desire to rule, 51;
the King's "Friends," 52;
the health of Chatham, 56-58;
during Chatham's illness leadership devolved on Grafton, 61;
character of Grafton, 61;
attempt to alienate him from Chatham, 62-64;
Grafton becomes Prime Minister, 65;
anger of Chatham, 66;
the city remonstrance, 67;
chancellorship and death of Charles Yorke, 71;
resignation of Grafton, 72;
North takes office, II, 73, 74;
refuses to dissolve Parliament, 76;
undertakes management of the House of Commons, 77;
reduces bribery to a fine art, 77, 78;
regards himself as above criticism, 79;
his debts, 79, 80;
rebuke of Parliament, 80;
North's scandalous loan, 81;
no scruples for kingly dignity, 82, 83;
his vindictiveness, 84, 85;
tenacious of his promises, 86;
in his kingly office the slave of deep rooted selfishness, 88;
his inability to act wisely, 89, 90;
North frequently tenders resignation, 91, 92;
the King ever against liberty, 92-93;
persecution of Admiral Keppel, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97;
family worries, 98-126;
his brothers' love of pleasure, 100-103;
secret marriage of William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, II, 106, 115;
dissipation and debts of Henry, Duke of Cumberland, II, 107-109;
secret marriage of the Duke, 111;
Royal Marriage Act, 111-113;
scandal concerning Caroline of Denmark, 112, 123;
Dukes' wives not received, 116, 117;
reconciliation with Duke of Cumberland, II, 119;
marriage of Princess Augusta, 122, 133;
endeavours to reassert his dignity in the American colonies, 129;
Townshend's Act, 131;
petitions from the colonies, 134, 139;
in spite of lessons he redoubles his anti-colonial policy, 139;
sanctions the Boston Port Bill, 141, 142;
open rebellion of the colonies, 145;
purchase of Hessian troops, 149;
Chatham the hope of the nation, 152;
North's plan of conciliation, 155, 156;
failure of the Commission, 156;
negotiations with Chatham, 156;
death of Chatham and his ungenerous conduct, 161;
still determined to pursue the war, 163, 164;
North makes another effort to retire, 164;
increase of his influence in Parliament, 165;
surrender of Yorktown, 161;
Fox proposes a committee to consider peace, 169;
treaty with United States signed, 170;
reception of John Adams, 170, 171, 172;
resignation of North, 175;
unwilling to place himself in the hands of the opposition, 175-178;
arranges an administration with Shelburne, 178;
rise of Fox, 180, 181;
his undying enmity for him, 182, 183;
who regards Fox's speech as a declaration of war against himself, 184;
attempts to sow the seed of discord in the cabinet, 186, 187;
ill-feeling between Shelburne and Fox, 188;
death of Lord Rockingham, 189;
resignation of Fox, Burke, Portland, and Lord John Cavendish, 190;
first speech of William Pitt, 190, 191; opens Parliament, 192;
the Coalition, 194;
invites Pitt to form a ministry, who refuses, 195;
Fox's India Bill, 197, 198;
ministry dismissed, 199, 200;
sends for Pitt, 200;
prorogation of Parliament, election, and overwhelming majority of Pitt,
201;
his fear of becoming corpulent, 202;
his temperance, 203-205;
breakdown of his health, 205, 206;
goes to Cheltenham, 207;
disorder increases, 207;
sudden illness, 208, 209;
account of Philip Withers, 209, 210, 211;
complete madness, 213;
removal to Kew, 215, 216;
placed under the care of Dr. Willis, 216, 219;
his treatment, 220;
examination as to the state of his health before the Privy Council, 223;
debate on the Regency Bill, 224, 225;
improvement of his condition, 227, 228;
infatuation for Lady Pembroke, 229;
continued improvement of his health, 230;
the last bulletin, 233;
joy of London at his recovery, 234-236;
trouble with his children, 237-250;
Princess Royal, 238, 239;
Princesses Augusta and Sophia, 241;
Princess Elizabeth marries the Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, 241-242;
all his sons wild, 243;
Duke of Sussex and Duke of Cambridge give least cause for anxiety, 243;
Dukes of Clarence and Kent, II, 244;
not on friendly terms with his sons, 244;
conduct of the Prince of Wales, 245, 246;
dissipations of the Duke of York, 248, 249;
scandalous life of the Duke of Cumberland, 249, 250;
his popularity after his illness, 251, 252, 253, 255;
visits to Weymouth, 254, 255, 256;
Colonel Landmann and the Queen, 256, 257;
ascendency of Pitt, 258;
dismissal of Thurlow, 259;
Catholic Emancipation, 260, 261;
resignation of Pitt, 261;
death of Pitt, 261;
return of Fox to power, 261-262;
health again an anxiety, 263, 264, 265;
Dr. Willis called in, 265;
troubled about the Princess of Wales, 268;
illness ages him, _ibid._;
at Windsor, 269, 270;
recovers 270;
increasing deafness and defective sight, 272;
daily life at Windsor, 273, 274;
sight gives way, 275;
the Walcheren expedition, 276;
"Duke and Darling" scandal, 276;
death of Princess Amelia, 277;
again insane, 278-282;
will of Princess Amelia, 282;
arrangements for comfort, 284, 285;
his delusions, 286, 287;
illness of Queen Charlotte, 289;
her death, 290; his death, 290-292
George IV, I, x, 98, 100, 103, 104;
II, 81 note, 103, 110, 115 note, 119, 186, 195 note, 197, 212, 222,
225, 226, 237 note, 244, 245-8, 264, 269, 283
Germaine, Lord George. _See_ Sackville, George
Gibbon, Edward, I, 194;
II, 118, 142, 148, 161
Gillray, James, II, 251
Gisborne, Dr., II, 219, 224, 268
Gloucester, Maria, Duchess of, I, 103;
II, 104-7, 113, 116, 117, 118, 119
-- , Mary, Duchess of, II, 116 note, 237 note, 283
-- , William Frederick, Duke of, II, 116 note, 241
-- , William Henry, Duke of, I, 22 note;
II, 99, 100 note, 103-7, 115-19
Glover, Richard, I, 31
Goupy, M., I, 196
Gower, Lord, II, 55, 167, 177, 194
Graeme, Colonel, I, 120-21; II, 37
Grafton, Augustus, Duke of, I, 68, 116, 165, 273;
II, 33, 44, 48, 57, 58, 61-4, 65, 66, 69, 72, 74, 130, 138
Graham, Lord, II, 198 note
-- , Mr. Baron, I, 181-2
Granby, Marquis of, I, 290;
II, 68, 70, 87
Grantham, Lord, I, 18;
II, 190
Granville, Miss, I, 12
Grenville, George, I, xi, 65, 65 note, 148, 154, 236, 269, 277, 279, 283,
285, 286-7, 288, 288 note, 289-294;
II, 3-4, 6, 7, 11, 18, 22, 26, 29, 40, 42, 59, 73, 78, 86, 129
Grenville, George (first Marquis of Buckingham), II, 151
-- , Hester, I, 65 note
-- , James, I, 65, 65 note, 148;
II, 33, 59, 70
-- , Mrs., I, 228 note
-- , William, Baron, II, 220-221, 258, 261
Greville, Lady Louisa, I, 134 note
Gronard, Earl of, I, 21 note
Grosvenor, Henrietta, Lady, II, 107, 109
-- , Lord, II, 107
Gwyn, Colonel, II, 254, 255
Haggersdorn, Mrs., I, 208
Halford, Sir Henry, II, 277, 280, 281, 282, 287
Halifax, George, Earl of, I, 155, 165, 237, 238, 239, 240, 282, 283, 292
Hamilton, Lady Anne, I, 131-2, 134 note
-- , Lady Archibald, I, 11, 13
-- , Duchess of, I, 128, 131, 207
Hancock, John, II, 134
Handel, George Friedrich, I, 9;
II, 276
Hanway, Jonas, I, 218
Harcourt, Colonel, II, 254, 270
-- , Lady Elizabeth, I, 134 note
-- , Simon, Earl of, I, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 125, 127, 219
Hardinge, George, II, 251
Hardwicke, Philip, Earl of, I, 66, 138, 146, 147, 148, 269, 272, 280;
II, 29, 39, 44
Hartington, Lord, I, 11, 37
Harvey, Mary, Lady, I, 83
Hastings, Warren, II, 197, 258
Hatfield, James, I, 265
Hayter, Dr. Thomas, Bishop of Norwich, II, 37, 38, 39, 40, 40 note, 41
Heberden, Dr., II, 206
Henley, Lady, II, 272
-- , Lord, II, 272
Henry, Prince (brother of George III). _See_ Cumberland, Duke of
-- , Patrick, II, 13, 14
Hervey, John, Lord, I, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 29
Hertford, Francis, Marquis of, I, 123
Hesse-Cassel, Wilhelmina, Princess of, II, 243
Hesse-Homberg, Elizabeth, Landgravine of, I, 51, 117;
II, 237 note, 240, 241-2, 254, 265 286, 288
-- , Landgrave of, II, 241-2
Hillsborough, Earl of, II, 139
Hinchinbrook, Lord, II, 173
Hogarth, William, I, 241-3;
II, 241
Holdernesse, Lord, I, 145, 146, 147
Holland, Henry, Baron, I, 106-7, 108, 111-12, 111 note, 113, 115,
148, 163, 165, 177, 280, 289, 290 293;
II, 180, 195 note
Home, John, I, 160, 192 note
Hotham, Sir Charles, I, 4
Horton, Lady Anne. _See_ Cumberland, Duchess of
Howard, Mrs., I, 12
Howe, General, II, 145, 147
Huish, Robert, I, 47, 56, 65, 78, 88-9, 121, 144, 159, 205, 218;
II, 190
Hume, David, II, 68-9
Hunt, Leigh, I, 30, 229
Huntingdon, Lord, I, 69
-- , Selina, Countess of, I, 171
Huske, General, II, 8
Hutchinson, Thomas, II, 15, 142
Hyder Ali, II, 167, 174
Inchiquin, Earl of, I, 55
Inclagreen, Earl of, I, 21 note
Inverness, Cecilia, Duchess of. _See_ Underwood
JENKINSON, Charles, I, 47; II, 72 note
Jerningham, Lady, I, 262-3, 264;
II, 275, 286
Jersey, Lady, I, 198, 198 note
Jesse, J. H., I, ix. note, 104, 216;
II, 61, 117 note
Johnson, Dr. James, Bishop of Gloucester, I, 42
-- , Dr. Samuel, I, 84, 142-3, 160, 160 note, 187-8;
II, 22 note
Johnstone, George, II, 155
"Junius," I, 53, 77, 108, 162, 243 note;
II, 22, 52, 60, 63, 64, 66, 71, 72, 93, 132-3
Jordan, Dora, II, 244
Kearsley, I, 252
Keats, John, I, xiii
Keith, Rev. Alexander, I, 96, 97
Kent, Edward, Duke of, II, 109, 237 note, 244
Kenyon, Lord, I, 182
Keppel, Admiral, I, xii;
II, 50 note, 93-97, 178, 190
--, General, I, 291
--, Lady Elizabeth, I, 134 note
Kerr, Lady Elizabeth, I, 134 note
Kidgell, John, I, 245
Kildare, Lady, I, 106
--, Duchess of, II, 244
Kingsale, Lord, I, 185
Knight, Charles, I, 172 note
Kuffe, Mr., II, 204
Landmann, Colonel, I, 183-4;
II, 252, 255-256
Launay, Colonel, I, 4
Lawrence, Thomas, I, 195
Le Despencer, Francis, Baron, I, 154, 154 note, 163, 165, 244, 244 note,
248;
II, 54
Lecky, W. E. H., I, 255, 270, 276;
II, 151-2, 167
Leiningen, Princess of. _See_ Kent, Duchess of
Lennox, Lady Sarah, I, 105-119, 134 note, 221, 292;
II, 6, 96, 97, 101, 104-5, 117, 122, 198 note, 199, 266
Lightfoot, Hannah, I, 86-104
Litchfield, Earl of, I, 21 note
Loughborough, Alexander, Baron, I, 160 note;
II, 180, 183
Louis Philippe, II, 240
-- XV, King of France, II, 102
Louisa Anne, Princess (sister of George III), I, 22 note;
II, 98
Lowther, Sir James, I, 129
Luttrell, Lady Anne. _See_ Cumberland, Duchess of
--, Colonel, II, 256
Lyttelton, George, Baron, I, 35, 36, 288, 288 note;
II, 33
Macaulay, Lord, I, 212, 213;
II, 22, 65 note
Macclesfield, Earl of, I, 21 note
Macdonald, Chief Baron, I, 181-2
--, Flora, I, 31
Mackenzie, Stuart, I, 284 note, 289, 289 note, 290-1, 292
Macpherson, James, I, 160
Mahon, Lord, II, 150, 160
Majendie, Dr., I, 220
Mallet, David, I, 160
Malmesbury, James, Earl of, II, 269, 289
Manchester, Duke of, I, 207;
II, 70
Manners, Col., I, 181, 216;
II, 274
Mansfield, William, Earl of, I, 39, 255;
II, 22, 27 note, 70, 133
Mara, Madame, I, 120
March William, Earl of. _See_ Queensberry, Duke of
Marie Amelie, Princess, of Naples, II, 241
Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of, I, 13
Martin, Samuel, I, 249, 250
Mary, Princess (daughter of George III). _See_ Gloucester, Duchess of
Masham, Hon. S., I, 69
Massey, W. N., I, 230
Mayhew, Rev. --, II, 15
McCarthy, Justin, I, 23, 28, 104
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Duke of, I, 199 note
--, Prince Charles of, I, 199 note
--, Prince George of, I, 119
Meredith, Sir William, II, 50 note
Middlesex, Lady, I, 12
Monaco, Prince of, II, 101-2
Monson, Lord, II, 50 note
Montagu, Mary Wortley, I, 43
Montague Lady Caroline, I, 134 note
Montrose, Duke of, II, 198 note
Mountstuart, Lord, II, 29-30, 39
Munro, Dr., II, 206
Murphy, Arthur, I, 160
Murray, Lady Augusta, II, 243
--, Charles, I, 222
--, William. _See_ Mansfield, Earl of
Napier, Henry, I, 113
-- Lady Sarah. _See_ Lennox
--, Hon. George, I, 117
--, William, I, 117
--, Sir Charles, I, 117, 117 note
Napoleon, II, 252, 288
Nelson, Horatio, Lord, I, xiii
Nepian, Sir Evan, II, 199-200
Newbattle, John, Lord, I, 111
Newcastle, Thomas, Duke of, I, xi, 58, 66, 136, 146, 147, 153, 272, 273;
II, 6, 33, 50 note, 52, 121
Nicholls, John, I, 50, 83, 141-2, 147, 269, 279;
II, 2, 36, 61-2, 113, 128, 129, 143, 184, 258
Nicholson, Margaret, I, 258
Norfolk, Duke of, I, 20
North, Frederick, Lord, I, 104, 257;
II, 53, 72-6, 78-84, 90, 91, 95, 108, 112, 114, 135, 137, 138, 142, 143,
148, 155, 156, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 167 note, 170, 173, 175,
178-9, 180, 181, 183, 193-4, 196, 197, 199, 200
--, Francis, Baron, I, 36, 37
--, Colonel, II, 200
Northumberland, Lady. I, 207, 220
--, Lord, II, 27 note
Nugent Lord, II, 190, 191
Nuthall, Thomas, II, 19, 33
Octavius, Prince (son of George III), I, 191;
II, 237 note
Offley, John, II, 41
Oliver, Andrew, II, 15
Ongley, Mr., I, 263
Onslow, George, II, 25
--, Lord, I, 259, 260
Orange, Prince of, I, 8
Otis, James, II, 8, 13, 134-5
Owen, Robert, II, 109 note
Oxford, Earl of, I, 21
Paine, Thomas, I, 172 note
Palliser, Sir Hugh, II, 94
Papendiek, Mrs., I, 132-3, 195;
II, 206, 218, 229, 245-6, 289
Parsons, Nancy, II, 62, 63, 64
Paton, Richard, I, 194
Pembroke, Elizabeth, Lady, II, 280
--, Lord, I, 69
Pepys, Sir Lucas, II, 213, 214, 219, 233, 234
Perceval, Spencer, II, 278, 282
Perryn, Mrs., I, 90, 91
"Pindar, Peter," I, 81, 82, 187, 189-90, 191, 192, 194-5, 196, 198,
200-1, 210 note;
II, 251
Pitt, Thomas, 110
Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, I, 147;
Dismissal of, 148;
Lampoons on his fall, 150;
popularity, 151, 152;
goes to the Commons to protest against the treaty, 161;
the King sends for him, 274;
again approached, 285, 287, 294;
opposed to Rockingham, II, 34, 35;
forms "mosaic ministry," 47, 50;
accepts Earldom of Chatham, 50;
ill-health, 56;
retires to Bath, _ibid._;
returns to London, 57;
tarries at Marlborough, 58;
complete collapse, _ibid._;
willingness to resign, 59;
tenders his resignation, 60;
war to the knife with Grafton, 66, 69;
the hope of the nation on the outbreak of the American war, 151, 156;
his opposition to it, 159;
dies denouncing it, 160
--, William, the Younger, I, xiii;
II, 84, 190-3, 197, 200-1, 218, 223, 224, 225, 226, 226 note, 227,
232-3, 248, 254, 258, 259, 260, 261, 264-5, 271
Pollock, Mr., II, 200
Pomfret, Lord, I, 164
Pope, Alexander, I, 22, 245
--, Mrs. (actress), I, 117, 222
Portland, Duke of, I, 255;
II, 48, 50 note, 92, 104, 189, 190, 194, 199
Potter, Thomas, I, 244-255
Pownall, Thomas, II, 137, 138
Pratt, Sir Charles. _See_ Camden
Pringle, Sir John, I, 191
Proctor, Sir William, I, 255
Prussia, Frederick, Princess of. _See_ York, Duchess of
Pulteney, Sir William, I, 21
Queensberry, Duchess of, I, 228 note
-- , William, Duke of, I, 185; II, 54, 185
Quick, John, I, 223
Quin, James, I, 73, 223
Ray, Dr., II, 218, 219
Rex, George, I, 95 note
-- , John, I, 95 note
Reynolds, Dr., II, 277
-- , Sir Joshua, I, 191, 193;
II, 118
Richmond, Charles, Duke of, I, 283;
II, 27, 28-9, 44, 87, 140-1, 160, 176-7, 178, 179
-- , Duchess of, II, 100
Rigby, Richard, I, 165, 274, 274 note;
II, 138
Robertson, William, I, 159
Robinson, Mrs. Mary Ann, I, 104
Rockingham, Charles, Marquis of, I, xi, xii, 146, 273, 295;
II, 2, 23, 24, 32, 34, 35, 39-45, 47, 48, 61, 66, 73, 74, 78, 86,
135-6, 158, 162, 176, 177, 178, 179, 189, 192
Rose, George, I, 69
Roxburgh, Duke of, I, 21 note, 127 note
Russell, Lady Caroline, I, 111 note, 134
Ryves, Mrs., I, 102, 102 note;
II, 109 note
Sackville, George, I, 145;
II, 39, 95, 145, 166
Sanderson, Robert, I, 169
Sandwich, Lord, I, 21 note, 244, 246, 248, 276, 282, 284, 291, 293;
II, 138-9
Saunders, Sir Charles, II, 48, 50 note
Saville, Sir George, II, 153
Saxe-Gotha, Duke of, I, 30 note, 80
Saxe-Meiningen, Adelaide Princess of. _See_ Adelaide, Queen
Scarborough, Earl of, I, 21 note;
II, 30 note
Schwellenberg Mddle., I, 208-12, 224
Scott, George, I, 36, 37, 38, 42, 69, 80, 104
Secker, Thomas (Archbishop of Canterbury), I, 25, 25 note
Sellis, II, 249
Selwyn, George, I, 182;
II, 145-6, 168, 185, 186, 214
-- , Col. John, I, 37
Serres, Mrs. Olivia, I, 102, 102 note;
II, 109 note
Shakespeare, William, I, 193
Sheffield, Sir John, I, 203
Shelburne, William, Lord, I, 276;
II, 34, 48, 177, 178, 178 note, 188, 189, 192, 193, 194
Shelley, Sir John, II, 50 note
-- , P. B., II, 243
Sheridan, R. B., I, 81, 265;
II, 121, 122
Sherlock, Thomas, I, 169
Siddons, Mrs., I, 187, 201, 223
Smelt, Mr., I, 212
Smollett, Tobias, I, 160, 235, 278 note
Sophia, Princess (daughter of George III), II, 237 note, 241, 274
-- , Princess of Brunswick, I, 62, 62 note, 63, 64, 88
-- , Dorothea of Prussia, I, 2-4
Southy, Robert, I, 27-8, 172;
II, 205 note
Spencer, Lady Diana, I, 7
Stanhope, Earl, I, 31
-- , Lady, II, 100
Stanley, John, I, 223
Stillingfleet, James, I, 28
St. Lourent, Mme., II, 244
Storer, Anthony, I, 182, 224 note;
II, 157, 163, 169, 191
Stone, Andrew, I, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 69, 207
Stowe, Mr., II, 27 note
Strange, Lord, II, 27, 39, 41-3
Strangways, Lady Susan Fox, I, 107, 109-10, 113, 134 note
Struensee, Count, II, 125
Stuart, James Archibald. _See_ Mackenzie
-- , Lady Mary, I, 129
Sunderland, Lord, I, 31
Sussex, Augustus, Duke of, I, 192;
II, 237 note, 243, 244
Swinton, Mr., I, 28
Symonds, Dr., II, 271
Talbot, Miss, 123-4
-- , William, Baron, I, 177, 178, 199;
II, 38
Taylor, Colonel, II, 275
Temple, Lady II, 100
-- , Lord, I, 65, 65 note, 148, 151, 152, 236, 240, 251, 255, 274,
284, 287, 288 note, 294, 295;
II, 46-7, 190, 198, 198 note
Thackeray, W. M., I, xiv-xv, 37, 79-80, 125-6, 193, 225;
II, 77, 291-2
Thanet, Earl of, I, 21 note
Thomas, Dr. John (Bishop of Winchester), II, 42
Thompson, James, I, 22
Thoms, W. J., I, 87
Thurlow, Lord, II, 82, 175, 176, 186, 194, 195, 198, 231, 259
Tooke, Horne, I, 255
Townshend, Charles, I, 85, 275, 288, 291;
II, 5, 32, 33, 34, 43, 48, 74, 129, 131, 135
-- , Lady, I, 220, 232
-- , Sir William, I, 21
Trench Mrs., II, 241-2
Trevelyan, Sir George, II, 37 note, 52, 71, 90, 92, 103, 112, 138-9
Tyrconnel, Earl of, II, 100 note
-- , Countess of, II, 100
Underwood, Lady Cecilia, II, 243
Uxbridge, Lady, II, 270
Vane, Ann, I, 11, 12
-- , Mr., I, 26
Vertue, George, I, 22
Von Buelow, Ida, I, 126
Waldegrave, James, Earl of, I, 42, 43, 50, 66, 67, 68, 81, 291;
II, 85
-- , Maria, Lady. _See_ Gloucester, Duchess of
Waldo, Sir Timothy, I, 217
Wales, Princess Dowager of, I, x, 10-11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 35, 36, 40,
42, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 57 note, 62, 63, 70, 74, 85,
107-8, 157, 269, 282, 283;
II, 28, 31, 36, 120, 237
Walpole, Sir Edward, II, 105
-- , Horace, I, 10, 11, 31, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 48, 53-4, 57, 59, 82, 86,
107, 108, 125, 129, 131, 133, 135, 139, 145, 149, 153 note, 156, 162,
167 note, 177, 203-4, 206, 222, 228 note, 246, 254 note, 266-7, 280-1,
283, 287, 288 note, 289;
II, 5, 25, 27, 29, 39, 43 note, 44, 50, 58, 59, 65, 68, 68 note, 73, 87,
99-100, 101-2, 103-4, 107, 110-111, 120, 122, 135, 137, 152, 157, 181,
184, 187, 191
-- , Sir Robert, I, 5, 7, 24, 25, 26, 29-30, 139, 160;
II, 1-2
Warburton, Bishop, I, 245, 248-9
Warkworth, Lord, II, 27 note
Warren, Dr., II, 212, 214, 219, 223, 227, 230, 233, 247
Watkins, John, I, 209-210
Wedderburn, Alexander. _See_ Loughborough, Baron.
Wellington, Arthur, Duke of, I, xiii
West, Benjamin, I, 191-2
Westmoreland, Earl of, I, 21 note, 116, 259
Weymouth, Lady, I, 207
-- , Lord, I, 291; II, 124
Whitehead, William, I, 10, 34-5, 83-4, 221
Wilkes, John, I, viii, 178, 235-57, 266-68;
II, 1, 61, 65, 68 note, 93
William IV, I, 1; II, 237 note, 244, 266
William Henry, Prince (brother of George III). _See_ Gloucester, Duke of
Williams, George James ("Gilly"), II, 56
-- , Sir Watkin, II, 83
Willis, Dr. Francis, II, 215, 216-21, 224, 227, 228, 230, 233, 265,
267, 277
-- , Dr. John, II, 219, 265, 284, 285
-- , Dr. Robert, II, 267, 268, 285
Wilmot, Sir Eardley, II, 70
-- , Olive. _See_ Serres, Mrs.
-- , Sir Robert, II, 50
Wilson, Dr. Thomas, I, 170-171
Winchelsea, Earl of, I, 21 note;
II, 33, 53, 57
Withers, Philip, II, 209-211
Wolcot, John. _See_ "Pindar, Peter"
Wood, Robert, I, 240
Wordsworth, William, I, xiii
Wraxall, Nathaniel, I, 79, 114, 168, 188, 264-5, 279;
II, 67-8, 72 note, 86-7, 100, 100 note, 110, 119, 173-4, 180, 190,
191, 159, 200, 203, 218, 234
Wriothesley, Miss, II, 62
Wuertemberg, Charlotte, Queen of, II, 237 note, 238-40, 254
-- , Crown Prince of, II, 239
-- , Prince Ferdinand of, II, 240
Wyatt (architect), II, 274
York, Duchess of, II, 248
-- , Edward, Duke of, I, 22 note, 41, 51, 54, 74, 80, 99;
II, 99-103, 117 note, 120
-- , Frederick, Duke of, I, 98;
II, 225-6, 231, 237 note, 244, 248-9, 276, 281
Yorke, Charles, II, 70-2
Young, Sir W., II, 226 note
ERRATA
Vol. I, p. 223, line 8: _for_ Quirk _read_ Quick.
Vol. II, p. 275, line 17: _for_ Bedingsfield _read_ Bedingfield.
Vol. II, p. 278, line 1:}
" ", p. 282, line 14:} _for_ Percival _read_ Perceval.
THE END
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cloth gilt, 18s. net. With about 550 Illustrations and twelve
Photogravure Plates.
"The _raison d'etre_ of this edition, well printed in quarto form, is
its illustrations. Of these there are to be, besides twelve photogravure
plates, about 400--portraits from authentic originals, views from old
prints, autographs, facsimile title pages, etc.; and a series of views
of Johnson's haunts, drawn specially for the book, which so far as we
can at present judge from the pen and ink drawings now issued, are of a
pleasing kind. Mr. Ingpen's literary contribution consists of short
notes to the pictures; and his industry in collecting illustrative
material seems likely to deserve much gratitude from modern readers of
Boswell."--_Times._
"Includes a wealth of carefully annotated pictures of various kinds....
We congratulate publisher and author on the excellent idea of
illustrating the greatest of biographies on an ample scale. The part
before us contains a happy choice of pictures of places as well as
persons, and may well appeal even to those who have already, like the
present reviewer, some five editions of Boswell among their
books."--_Athenaeum._
"No library, great or small, which makes any pretension to completeness,
can afford to be without it. The astonishing thing is that the world has
so long taken its Boswell unadorned; we mean without illustrations....
It is as nearly as possible, a reproduction of the England and the
English Society, the actual faces and places, Johnson and Boswell
knew.... It is not an exaggeration to say that Mr. Ingpen has done more
than any editor or annotator to make Boswell's Life of Johnson a
trustworthy and enjoyable biography."--_Yorkshire Weekly Post._
LONDON: SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD.,
No. 1 AMEN CORNER, E.C.
BY FRANCES M. BROOKFIELD
My Lord of Essex
In crown 8vo, cloth, with frontispiece portrait, 6s.
"It is seldom that an historical novel is so satisfactory; there is not
a single dull or dead page.... We have nothing but praise for the
exciting tale, the accurate and lively picture of the period, and the
extremely clever drawing of the characters. Mrs. Brookfield must
certainly write some more historical novels."--_Daily Telegraph._
"Mrs. Brookfield, the author of 'The Cambridge Apostles,' has written a
novel in which she has used her power of revealing character in dialogue
with considerable dexterity. 'My Lord of Essex' is an historical romance
with the expedition to Cadiz as its central episode. The story and all
its characters are completely historical, the history being not merely a
setting for a romantic story, but the romantic story itself.... Mrs.
Brookfield's Essex is not merely the brave soldier, the badly-used
favourite, and the hero of the mob; he is also the far-seeing strategist
and the great statesman with schemes of toleration and popular
government in advance of his age.... We follow the account of the
expedition to Cadiz with a new enthusiasm.... Mrs. Brookfield's Essex is
a real personality, and she makes not only him but the whole atmosphere
of the period live for us. This is especially the case in the account of
his relations with Elizabeth. The scenes in which she shows us Elizabeth
baiting Essex one minute and giving him the next unmistakable proofs of
her love, trying even his loyalty to the utmost and yet never losing the
something more than loyalty with which, while he loved his Countess, he
yet regarded her, are admirable; indeed, historical fiction has not for
a long time given us anything better."--_Morning Post._
LONDON: SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD.,
No. 1 AMEN CORNER, E.C.
BY ROBERT HUGH BENSON
The Sentimentalists
In crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s.
"The strongest of all Father Benson's books.... There is no denying the
strength and sincerity of the book, nor the force of its downright
insistence upon the necessity or expelling the excesses of
sentimentalism from the character.... A strongly worded but clean-minded
exposure of one side of contemporary national life."--_Daily Telegraph._
"The characterisation is always admirable. It is full of humour and
shrewd observation, and it is never dull. It is a distinct advance on
its author's previous works, and places him high in the rank of
contemporary novelists."--_Morning Post._
"One of the most subtle studies in the psychology of egotism which have
been written since Meredith's masterpiece."--_Tribune._
"A full-length portrait of a poseur.... We have encountered, nothing
better in its way than this merciless analysis of the psychology of the
histrionic temperament."--_Spectator._
"Mr. Benson gives in Christopher Dell a very careful study of a
temperament, drawn with much truth and discernment.... The minor
characters are extremely good, and so, indeed, are all the accessories
of the story, the descriptions, the setting of the scenes, and so
forth."--_Times._
Lord of the World
In crown 8vo, 6s.
(_Ready in November_)
In this novel the author attempts to trace what he believes will be the
future situation in the religious world, placing the date of his book in
the twenty-first century. Briefly stated, the _motif_ is that religious
thought is converging into two main camps--Humanitarianism and
Supernaturalism. Humanitarianism, or, rather, a kind of Pantheism, seems
to him to be the inevitable outcome of modern tendencies of thought as
severed from dogmatic Christianity; and, on the other side, he attempts
to show that the Church must, sooner or later, become the home of all
who believe in the Supernatural at all.
LONDON: SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD.,
No. 1 AMEN CORNER, E.C.
BY ROBERT HUGH BENSON
The Light Invisible
In crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d.
"Contains fifteen narratives of visions or incidents put into the mouth
of a saintly old Catholic priest.... It is written in a style in
harmonious keeping with its mystic tone, and there are several scenes of
striking pathos."--_The Manchester Guardian._
"It is impossible to appraise in the ordinary terms of criticism a book
which appeals to us so strongly as 'The Light Invisible.' Its delicate,
elusive mysticism, its deep spirituality, exercise upon the sympathetic
reader an irresistible charm, which can hardly be analysed or
defined."--_Church Times._
Richard Raynal, Solitary
In crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d.
"'Richard Raynal' tells of a 'solitary' or mystical hermit, who went to
warn Henry VI of sin and death, was beaten and died. That is all. But
the slight thread of the story is wonderfully moving. Father Benson has
made out of these tiny materials a fabric of the most fragrant
sweetness, the most delicate colours."--_Morning Leader._
"Here is no controversy, no heated passions swayed by theological
bitterness, but whether the scenes are peaceful or warlike, beautiful or
terrible, over all is the sun radiance and serenity of unruffled
faith.... It is written with a great beauty of style, and there is a
vividness in some of the details that take back the entranced reader
into the fifteenth century."--_Pall Mall Gazette._
A Mirror of Shalott
In crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.
"In this volume Father Hugh Benson sets down a collection of fourteen
stories supposed to be told during social evenings in Rome by Catholic
priests and laymen of varied nationalities.... Each of the stories deals
with a supernatural experience of the narrators.... With his dramatic
skill Father Benson makes almost visible the effect upon those assembled
of each extraordinary experience recited; with his singular simplicity
of style, his easy command of eloquent appeal and striking phrase, he
draws us within the shadow of the supernatural. The emotions of the soul
on the brink of departure have seldom been imagined with such a passion
of religious fervour. Admirable work we expect always from the youngest
of three gifted brothers, and with his latest book no reader will be
disappointed."--_Globe._
LONDON: SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD.,
No. 1 AMEN CORNER, E.C.
BY ROBERT HUGH BENSON
By What Authority?
In crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s.
"A remarkable novel, full of genuine learning, its characterisation
strong and clearly defined, and its sincere and devout spirit must
impress even those who cannot agree with its tendencies."--_Saturday
Review._
"Mr. Robert Hugh Benson has given us a very carefully drawn picture of
the religious situation in the time of Elizabeth, of the time when more
than ever in our history households were divided against themselves....
Mr. Benson must be congratulated in that what he set out to do he has
done well."--_Daily Telegraph._
The King's Achievement
In crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s.
"Seldom has a more powerful picture been presented of the ruin wrought
to monastic life by the rapacity of Henry than that which Mr. Benson has
furnished.... He has contrived to furnish forth a novel in which the
interest is well maintained, and the characters, good or bad, are
intensely human."--_Scotsman._
"The first English novelist to give us an adequately faithful picture of
a period which presents many difficulties to the historian and the
novelist alike.... Must appeal both to Roman Catholic and Protestant as
an honest and fair transcript of a passage in English history of which
we have small reason to be proud.... A novel of far more than ordinary
merit."--_East Anglian Times._
The Queen's Tragedy
In crown 8vo, cloth gilt, 6s.
"Father Benson has undertaken to present Mary Tudor to us in a manner
that shall awaken, not the feelings of horror and detestation usually
considered appropriate, but those of pity, understanding, and respect.
Exquisitely pathetic is the figure he draws, with so much sympathy and
insight."--_Globe._
"As a piece of character drawing, Father Benson has, we think, done
nothing better than this pen portrait of the unfortunate and much
maligned Mary Tudor. While vindicating her from the odium cast upon her
by anti-catholic historians, he paints her at the same time in true, and
not bright colours.... A faithful picture of the least understood of
England's Queens."--_Universe._
LONDON: SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD.,
NO. 1 AMEN CORNER, E.C.
Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.,
announce the following books for publication this autumn.
"=Household Law=," by J. A. SLATER. Demy 8vo, 5s. net.
"=Accountancy=," by F. W. PIXLEY. Demy 8vo, 5s. net.
"=Pitman's Bills, Cheques and Notes.=" Demy 8vo, 2s. 6d. net.
"=The Secretary's Handbook.=" Edited by H. E. BLAIN. Demy 8vo, 5s.
net.
"=The Theory and Practice of Advertising=," by WALTER DILL SCOTT,
Ph.D. Large crown, 6s. net.
"=Money, Exchange and Banking=," by H. T. EASTON. Second Edition,
Revised. Demy 8vo, 5s. net.
"=Pitman's Hotel Book-keeping.=" Crown 8vo, 2s. 6d.
No. 1 AMEN CORNER, E.C.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE:
In the plain-text version of this book, footnotes have been moved to the
end of the paragraph in which the footnote tag appears.
Illustrations have been moved to the nearest appropriate paragraph
break.
Obvious typographical errors and printer errors have been corrected
without comment.
In addition to obvious typographical errors, the following changes were
made in this text:
1. On page 63 in the original text there was a footnote with no
footnote tag on the page. Since the footnote references the Duke of
Grafton, the footnote tag has been added to the following sentence:
"The Duke of Grafton, like Lord Rockingham, was a man of pleasure,
happier with his dogs and his books than in political life;[83]"
2. On page 83 there was no footnote tag in original text for
"Footnote 4: Ibid." This footnote has been removed in this e-text,
since the note appears to be a duplicate, referencing a quote which
continues onto the next page, and is footnoted there.
3. Two items in the index have been moved into correct alphabetical
order: "Paton" and "Pulteney".
From the list of errata on page 317, the following changes have been
made to this text:
Page 275: "Bedingsfield" was changed to "Bedingfield".
Pages 278 and 282 "Percival" was changed to "Perceval".
On page 133 no change was made to correct an internal inconsistency in
the date mentioned in the following sentence: "Duc de Choiseul, who
wrote in August, 1867...." From the context, it may be assumed that the
date was intended to be "1767".
End of Project Gutenberg's Farmer George, Volume 2, by Lewis Melville