CADIZ
When Drake returned to England, it was to hear the news of the
“Babington plot.” This was a plot to assassinate Elizabeth, and to
place Mary of Scotland on the throne. In 1587 Mary was beheaded. In
Philip’s eyes the time had at last become ripe for an invasion of
England. Now that Mary was dead, there was less danger of France and
Scotland joining forces. And Philip, as a descendant of John of Gaunt,
could put in a claim that the throne of England, at the death of
Elizabeth, should come to himself or his daughter.
The Armada was getting ready to sail in the summer. In April, however,
Drake was sent out again with a small fleet. His flag-ship was again
the _Elizabeth Bonaventure_. His second in command was William Borough.
His orders were “to prevent the joining together of the King of Spain’s
fleet out of their different ports. To keep victuals from them. To
follow them in case they should come out towards England or Ireland. To
cut off as many of them as he could, and prevent their landing. To set
upon the West Indian ships as they came or went.”
But no sooner was he instructed than the Queen changed her bold orders
to milder ones. He was not to enter any port by force, nor to offer
violence to any towns, or ships in harbour. But Drake had got away to
sea without the second orders, and acted on the first.
He had heard that the ships were gathering in Cadiz harbour, and there
he decided boldly to seek for them. The outer and inner harbours of
Cadiz were crowded with shipping, most of which was getting ready for
the invasion of England. Drake’s fleet sailed in, routed the defending
galleys, and made havoc among the ships, about thirty-seven of which
were captured, burnt, or sunk. One was a large ship belonging to the
Marquis of Santa Cruz. They carried away four ships laden with wine,
oil, biscuits, and dried fruit; “departing thence,” as Drake says, “at
our pleasure, with as much honour as we could wish.” They were chased
by Spanish galleys, which did little harm, for the wind favoured the
English as they sailed away from Cadiz.
The Spaniards thought Drake had gone to stop the treasure fleet. But
Drake wished to stop the Armada, which was a much greater affair.
He knew now that Santa Cruz was making his headquarters at Lisbon.
Ships were gathering in the north of Spain. Recalde, one of the best
Spanish commanders, was waiting with a small fleet off Cape St. Vincent
to protect the treasure fleet when it arrived. Fifteen big ships had
escaped the attack in Cadiz harbour. The ships were to meet in Lisbon,
where Santa Cruz was collecting stores and food.
Recalde succeeded in escaping Drake, and took his ships safely into
Lisbon. Drake resolved to secure the station he had left. This
was the castle of Sagres, near Cape St. Vincent. His own officers
were staggered with the boldness of his plan, and Borough solemnly
protested. He had urged caution before Cadiz harbour; again he pleaded
for a council of war. He was of an older school of seamen than Drake,
and was horrified at the ways of the man who was born, as it has been
said, “to break rules.”
Drake was most indignant at his action, and put him under arrest, while
Borough expected daily that “the Admiral would have executed upon me
his bloodthirsty desire, as he did upon Doughty.”
[Illustration: Drake at the taking of Sagres Castle]
After reading the accounts of Drake in the stories of the different
voyages, we can understand how his men adored his spirit, and flocked
to his ship to serve under his flag. To them there was something
magical, and to the Spaniards something uncanny, in his luck. The
English called him “Fortune’s child,” and the Spanish called him “the
Devil.” But some of the officers who served with him must have liked
him less. He made his plans swiftly, and generally well; but the doing
of them had to be swift and sure. Like many great men he knew he was
right, but could not stop to reason or argue about his course. He acted
upon the instinct of his genius, with a sure and shining faith in
himself, which must have been hateful to smaller men. In the days
of his later voyages, when he had not the undivided control of his
expedition, he failed, as he never did when he was alone, “with the
ships not pestered with soldiers,” as he once said.
The taking of the castle of Sagres seemed almost an impossibility, so
well did the rocks and steep cliffs defend the fort. Drake himself
commanded the attack on land, and in the end helped to carry and pile
the faggots against the castle gate. The commander was slain, and then
the fort surrendered. Thus Drake took possession of one of the best
places on the coast of Spain for ships to anchor and get water.
Meanwhile, the rest of the fleet had taken and burnt fifty ships laden
with wood and hoops of seasoned wood, for which Santa Cruz was waiting
to make his water-casks. The loss of these did much damage to the
Armada, and helped to ruin it.
On the 10th of May, having disarmed the fort of Sagres by throwing
the big guns over the cliffs into the sea, Drake brought his fleet to
anchor in Cascaes Bay, south of Lisbon. He seems to have judged Lisbon
too strong to attack from the sea. He was prepared to “distress the
ships” had they come out; and he offered battle to Santa Cruz, who,
however, was short of powder and shot, and had no ships ready as yet
for action.
So Drake went back to Sagres to clean his ships and refresh his men.
He then sailed for the Azores. A storm parted the ships, and on the
few that were left the men were anxious to go home. The ship on which
Borough was still a prisoner deserted. Drake believed that Borough was
responsible for this; and, though he was beyond reach, in his anger
Drake sentenced him, with his chief officers, to death as mutineers.
Drake went on with his nine remaining ships, and came upon a splendid
prize, the big _San Felipe_, the greatest ship in all Portugal, richly
laden with spice, china, silk, and chests of gold and jewels. This
prize was valued at nearly a million pounds; and, besides, she carried
secret papers of great value concerning the East India trade.
On the 26th of June, Drake returned home after his brilliant campaign.
Santa Cruz had indeed gone out to chase him, but it was too late.
Borough was not found guilty by the court of law where Drake accused
him; but his grief of mind endured long. Some time after, he wrote
that “he was very fain to ease it as he might, hoping in good time he
should.”