THE THIRD REGIMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS MILITIA--ITS SERVICE AT
FORTRESS MONROE AND HAMPTON, VA.--DESTRUCTION OF VESSELS AND
OTHER PROPERTY AT PORTSMOUTH--SPEECH OF COLONEL DIMICK--ITS
RETURN TO MASSACHUSETTS.
The author has given, in the preceding chapters, detailed accounts of
the formation of the seven companies of the Twenty-ninth Regiment which
earliest enlisted. Pursuing the narrative of this corps in the order of
time, he will, at the proper time and in the proper place, give like
accounts of the formation of the companies of Captains Sibley, Tripp,
and Richardson, which, in December, 1861, were made a part of that
regiment, and thus completed its organization.
It will be observed by the reader who has perused the foregoing
chapters, that four of these seven companies were assigned to duty with
the Third Regiment of Massachusetts Militia. Apart, therefore, from the
history of their formation, these commands have a history in connection
with the Third Regiment which is alike interesting and important. The
Third Regiment left Boston on the steamer “S. R. Spaulding,” April
17, 1861, and arrived at Fortress Monroe April 20. It was composed of
seven companies; namely, “A” of Halifax, Capt. Joseph S. Harlow of
Middleborough; “B” of Plymouth (Standish Guards), Capt. Charles C.
Doten; “C” of Cambridge, Capt. James C. Richardson; “G” of Freetown,
Capt. John W. Marble; “H” of Plympton, Capt. Lucian L. Perkins; “K”
of Carver, Capt. William S. McFarlin; and “L” of New Bedford, Capt.
Timothy Ingraham.
The regiment was one of the oldest militia corps of Massachusetts.
Company “A” of Halifax was organized as early as 1792. One of its
past commanders, Captain Asa Thompson of Halifax, who was living at
the breaking out of the war, and who joined it when it was first
formed, commanded the company in the War of 1812. As four of its
seven companies were from Plymouth County, the regiment has always
been considered as belonging chiefly to the Old Colony. Its aggregate
membership at the time of its leaving for the field was about four
hundred and fifty.
The field and staff of the regiment were as follows: Colonel, David
W. Wardrop of New Bedford; Lieutenant-Colonel, Charles Raymond of
Plymouth; Major, John H. Jennings of New Bedford; Adjutant, Austin S.
Cushman of New Bedford; Quartermaster, Edward D. Allen, Fairhaven;
Surgeon, Alexander R. Holmes, New Bedford; Assistant Surgeon, Johnson
Clark, New Bedford; Sergeant-Major, Alberti C. Maggi, New Bedford;
Quartermaster-Sergeant, Frederick S. Gifford of New Bedford.
It is not our purpose or province to write a complete history of the
Third Regiment; but the fact is eminently worthy of notice, that it
rendered some of the most important service performed by any body
of militia that went into the war from Massachusetts. It is also a
noticeable fact, that many of its officers and men, subsequently
to their three months’ service at Fortress Monroe, filled high
military positions. Thus its Colonel was commissioned Colonel of
the Ninety-ninth New York Regiment; Lieutenant-Colonel Raymond was
appointed to the same office in the Seventh Massachusetts Infantry;
Sergeant-Major Maggi became Colonel of the Thirty-third Massachusetts
Infantry, and distinguished himself as a soldier; Captain Doten was
made Captain in the Thirty-eighth; and Captain Ingraham, a superior
soldier, was promoted to the colonelcy of the last-named regiment.
When the Third Regiment was despatched to Fortress Monroe, the tenure
of the Government there was decidedly precarious. There had been no
open hostilities on the part of the insurgents in that department, but
they were everywhere carrying forward the most active war measures.
A battery of seven guns had been erected at Sewall’s Point, at the
mouth of the Elizabeth, and obstructions had been placed in the
channel of the river. Forts Norfolk and Nelson, which commanded the
approaches to the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, were in the hands
of the Confederate Militia; but still lying in the river, near these
cities, were the United State vessels “Pennsylvania,” “Cumberland,”
“Merrimack,” “Germantown,” “Dolphin,” “Raritan,” “Columbia,” and
“Plymouth.” The Norfolk navy-yard was one of the most extensive and
valuable naval depots in the United States. The grounds, three-fourths
of a mile long and about a quarter of a mile wide, were filled with
machine-shops, foundries, storehouses, and dwellings for officers.
There were three large shiphouses, and a dry-dock built of granite.
The whole property of the yard was estimated at about nine millions of
dollars.
On the 18th of April, the Confederate General Taliaferro arrived at
Norfolk, and took charge of the insurgent militia, whereupon a large
number of naval officers resigned their commissions and at once entered
the Confederate service. Commodore McCauly, who commanded the yard,
was wavering and uncertain in his convictions of duty, but Commodore
Pendegrast and Captain Marston of the “Cumberland” were fixed in their
determination to serve their Government.
At about six o’clock in the afternoon of April 20, the Third Regiment,
which had arrived at Fortress Monroe a few hours before, was ordered
on board the United States gunboat “Pawnee,” commanded by Commodore
Paulding. After passing Sewall’s Point in safety, the steamer neared
Fort Norfolk, then in the hands of the enemy. The channel lay near the
shore, and it was expected the Confederates would fire upon the gunboat
the moment she came within range of their guns. The soldiers were
ordered to lie down upon the deck, the marines paraded the quarter,
and the sailors were at battery. The moon was shining brightly; it was
clear and calm; the fort was plainly visible; even the suppressed tones
of its garrison could be heard on board. When just abreast the fort,
some one called aloud from the parapet, “What ship is that?”--“what
ship is that?” No reply was made, and the soldiers who heard the hail
whispered to each other, “Now it will come!” and their hearts beat
quick and fast as they lay, faces downward, expecting every instant
to hear the crash of guns and the howling of cannon-balls. But it
did not come; the war had scarcely begun; there was still lingering
in the hearts of the enemy some respect for the old flag, and a
wholesome dread of firing upon it. Nearer the navy-yard lay the United
States ship “Pennsylvania,” broadside across the stream. The “Pawnee”
approached her, and was hailed as before. The hail was answered, but
apparently not heard, and in a moment the black and gloomy-looking
sides of the “Pennsylvania” were illumined. The ports had been opened.
At the same time a voice from her gun-deck, “Shall I fire, sir?” caught
the ears of those on the “Pawnee.” A watchful old gunner on the latter
vessel stepped up to the executive officer, and said, in slow and
measured words, as though it was the most commonplace affair in the
world, “They are going to fire on the ‘Pawnee,’ sir!” The officer at
once leaped into the rigging, and, with his trumpet, cried, “Pawnee!
Pawnee! Pawnee!” in a voice that was heard far and near, and echoed
over the waters and silent town. “Pawnee! Pawnee! Pawnee!” was shouted
back from gun-deck and quarter, and then loud cheers and hearty cries
of welcome came out of the open ports of the “Pennsylvania.” This was a
similar mistake to that which arose in the early morning of this day,
at the fortress, as to the identity of the steamer “State of Maine,”
that had on board the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, and came even
nearer proving fatal, for the lanyards were already in the hands of the
gunners of both vessels, and but for the prompt action of the executive
officer of the approaching steamer, there would have been a bloody
encounter between these soldiers and sailors of the Union.
Upon arriving at Norfolk, about nine o’clock, the whole regiment was
ordered ashore into the navy-yard, and, under the commands of the
officers, began immediately in the work of destruction, which was
already in full progress. Twenty men were detailed from Company B of
Plymouth to mine the dry-dock, while the balance of the force, aided
by the sailors and yardmen, went to work throwing into the river shot,
shell, revolvers, carbines, and stands of arms.
There were nearly three thousand heavy guns in the yard, many of them
columbiads and fine Dahlgrens. These were spiked as best they could be,
but very imperfectly, as the Confederates afterwards managed to use
them. At midnight, the barracks in the yard were set on fire, and then
the shiphouses, in one of which was the partially-completed ship “New
York.”
The “Pawnee,” taking the “Cumberland” in tow, and having on board
the Third Regiment and all the men from the yard, except those who
were left to fire the trains, started down the river, and sent up a
rocket, which went high into the air, and then “burst in shivers of
many-colored lights.”
This was the signal to fire the trains. Simultaneously, flashes of
fire were seen running about on the decks of the deserted ships
“Pennsylvania,” “Merrimack,” “Dolphin,” “Germantown,” “Plymouth,”
“Raritan,” and “Columbia,” and in a few seconds they were wrapped in
flames. Says an eye-witness:--
“I need not try to picture the scene of the grand conflagration
that now burst like the day of judgment on the startled
citizens of Norfolk, Portsmouth, and the surrounding country.
Any one who has seen a ship burn, and knows how, like a fiery
serpent, the flame leaps from pitchy deck to smoking shrouds,
and writhes to their very top, around the masts that stand like
martyrs doomed, can form some idea of the wonderful display
that followed.”
The old, dismantled ships “Delaware” and “Columbus” were sunk, and
several of the vessels that were fired had also been scuttled. The
“Merrimack,” having sunk before the flames did her much damage, was, as
is well known to our readers, afterwards raised by the Confederates,
and constructed into a shot-proof steam-battery.
The total value of these vessels, as estimated by the Chief of the
Bureau of Construction, was $1,980,000, while the total value of
all the public property lost by this catastrophe is estimated at
$9,700,181.93; and the report of Commander Alden to the Secretary of
the Navy shows, that, by a wiser and more vigorous action on the part
of the commandant of the yard, a large portion of this dreadful loss
might have been prevented.
The “Pawnee” reached Fortress Monroe at six o’clock Sunday morning
(April 21), having in tow the sloop-of-war “Cumberland,” now so famous
in the annals of naval warfare.
The men of the Third Regiment had a severe experience on this
expedition, having toiled nearly all night, and been eighteen
hours without food. Their introduction to one of the most dreadful
experiences of war was indeed a very sudden one, and this was followed
by nearly three weeks of privation, caused by the scanty supply of food
at the fortress, and by three months of almost ceaseless toil.
Included in the plot of the enemy to capture Norfolk, was also the
scheme to capture Fortress Monroe.
At this time an irregular body of Confederate militia, variously
estimated as to number, occupied the village of Hampton, about two and
a half miles from the fortress, while their pickets held a drawbridge
over Mill Creek, not more than a mile distant. The flags of the
insurgents could be distinguished at the fortress, flying from the
roofs of private and public buildings in Hampton. On the 13th of May,
Colonel Dimick made an advance with a body of infantry and a piece of
artillery, and forced the enemy from his position at the bridge. The
bridge was thereupon occupied by the Federals; but no attempt was made
to pursue the enemy beyond this point.
This condition of affairs continued till May 23, when, the garrison
having been materially strengthened by the arrival of the First Vermont
Militia, under Colonel J. W. Phelps, and several New York regiments,
General Butler, then being in command, ordered Colonel Phelps to make
a reconnoissance in Hampton and vicinity. Upon approaching the bridge
over Hampton Creek, Colonel Phelps discovered that the enemy had
fired it. The flames were partially extinguished, but the bridge was
so nearly destroyed, that the troops were obliged to cross the river
in scows and flat-boats. Upon the arrival of the Vermont troops, the
Confederate militia and all the inhabitants, save the negroes and one
white family, fled the town, leaving behind them, in many instances,
their household furniture and other personal effects.
On the afternoon of the same day, General Butler, with Company B of the
Third Regiment and Captain Tyler’s company, proceeded some seven miles
into the enemy’s country, in the direction of Yorktown. This was the
first reconnoissance which the volunteers had made, and consequently
proved very interesting to them.
There was no lack of work for these troops, and every day found them
engaged in some highly necessary, though not always pleasant, service.
The summer was at its height, the days were hot and sultry, while the
nights were often cold and damp. The men were frequently obliged to
engage all day in the most laborious occupations, and at night go on
guard.
The work was indeed severe. Through the treachery of arch traitors
while in government office, the fortress had been dismantled to a great
extent of its customary armament. These ravages had to be repaired,
guns mounted upon the high parapet, and others, whose carriages had
gone to decay, remounted.
Of draught-horses or mules, there were few, if any, in the department;
but there were plenty of wagons, and into these the men were harnessed,
drawing heavy loads of ammunition and stores from the wharves into the
fortress. While one party was doing this labor, another was engaged
in unloading vessels and steamers at the piers, and still another
employed in the very severe work of mounting heavy guns, a work which
consisted in slinging the gun (oftentimes a large columbiad, weighing
several thousand pounds) between two heavy iron wheels, dragging the
whole from the ordnance-yard into the fort, up the steep embankment,
and then placing it in position. This labor was often performed while
the mercury was ranging in the vicinity of 100°, and was not seldom
followed by a drill.
On the first day of July, the regiment was ordered to Hampton Village.
Here it occupied a number of deserted houses, and picketed the country
for several miles around the town. On the 4th, it marched from the
village to Camp Hamilton, where, in connection with other troops, it
was reviewed by Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War.
Returning to its quarters in the town, it remained there till July 16,
the latter date making the expiration of its term.
On this day, the regiment was ordered to Fortress Monroe. Here it and
the Fourth Regiment, whose term expired the same day, were reviewed
by General Butler and Colonel Justin Dimick. Colonel Dimick was in
command of the fortress at the time of the arrival of these regiments.
He was an old soldier, having seen service in Mexico and in several
Indian wars. Like most professional soldiers, he rarely indulged in
speech-making; but the trying circumstances under which he had been
placed during the early days of the Rebellion; the timely and almost
Providential arrival of these troops, which enabled him to hold the
fortress against the machinations of several of his former associates
in arms, who had resigned their commissions in the regular army and
espoused the cause of the Confederacy; the intelligent appreciation
of the situation which the volunteers had manifested, and their
willingness to do any service required of them, no matter how menial
or severe, had touched very deeply the heart of this old officer,
and he could not suffer them to be dismissed without expressing to
them his sense of gratitude for what they had done. Mounted upon his
little dapple gray, with uncovered head, and voice as tremulous with
emotion as that of an aged father taking leave of a beloved son, he
recounted the exciting events in the early service of the regiments at
that place, the confusion and distrust that prevailed at the time of
their arrival, bore eloquent testimony to the manner in which they had
performed their duties, and concluded by thanking them in the name of
the Republic which they had helped to save.
When the old hero turned away, his eyes were suffused with tears, and
the troops sent up cheer upon cheer as their only response.
The reception tendered these regiments upon their arrival in Boston
proved that their services were as well appreciated by the people of
Massachusetts as by their veteran commander.