Jerusalem_ (Jn. v.) _be placed?_ There is nothing in John's narrative to
identify the feast, although it is his custom to name the festivals to
which he refers (Passover, ii. 13, 23; vi. 4; xi. 55; xii. 1; Tabernacles,
vii. 2; Dedication, x. 22). Even if John wrote "the feast," rather than "a
feast" (the MSS. vary, A B D and seven other uncials omit the article), it
would be impossible to decide between Passover and Tabernacles. The
omission of the article suggests either that the feast was of minor
importance, or that its identification was of no significance for the
understanding of the following discourse. Since a year and four months
probably elapsed between the journey into Galilee (Jn. iv. 35) and the
next Passover mentioned in John (vi. 4), v. 1 may refer to any one of the
feasts of the Jewish year. The commonest interpretation prefers Purim, a
festival of a secular and somewhat hilarious type, which occurred on the
14th and 15th of Adar, a month before the Passover. It is difficult to
believe that this feast would have called Jesus to Jerusalem. See WeissLX
II. 391; GilbertLJ 137-139, 142, 234-235. Against this interpretation see
EdersLJM II. 765. Edersheim advocates the feast of Wood Gathering on the
15th of Ab--about our August. On this day all the people were permitted to
offer wood for the use of the altar in the temple, while during the rest
of the year the privilege was reserved for special families. See LJM II
765f.; Westcott, _Comm. on John_, add. note on v. 1, argues for the feast
of Trumpets, or the new moon of the month Tisri,--about our
September,--which was celebrated as the beginning of the civil year.
Others have suggested Pentecost, fifty days after the Passover; the day of
Atonement--but this was a fast, not a feast; and Tabernacles. The majority
of those who do not favor Purim prefer the Passover, notwithstanding the
difficulty of thinking that John would refer to this feast simply as "a
feast of the Jews." Read AndLOL 193-198, remembering that the question
must be considered independently of the question of the length of Jesus'
ministry. The impossibility of determining the feast renders the
adjustment of this visit to the synoptic story very uncertain. It may be
that there was some connection between the Sabbath controversy in Galilee
(Mk. ii. 23-28) and the criticism Jesus aroused in Jerusalem (Jn. v.). If
so, one of the spring feasts, Passover or Pentecost, would best suit the
circumstances; but this arrangement is quite uncertain.
55. _Do the five conflicts of Mk. ii. 1 to iii. 6 belong at the early
place in the ministry of Jesus to which that gospel assigns them_? It is
commonly held that they do not, and the argument for a two-year ministry
rests on this assumption (see SandayHastBD II. 613). Holtzmann,
_Hand-commentar_ I. 9f., remarks that at least for the cure of the
paralytic and for the call and feast of Levi (Mk. ii. 1, 13, 15) the
evangelist was confident that he was following the actual order of events;
note the call of the fifth disciple, Mk. ii. 13, between the call of the
four, Mk. i. 16-20, and that of the twelve, iii. 16-19. The question about
fasting may owe its place (Mk. ii. 18-22) to association with the
criticism of Jesus for eating with publicans (Mk. ii. 16). In like manner
the second Sabbath conflict (Mk. iii. 1-6) may be attached to the first
(ii. 23-28) as a result of the identity of subject, for it is noteworthy
that Mark records only these two Sabbath conflicts; moreover, the plot of
Herodians and Pharisees to kill Jesus strongly suggests a later time for
the actual occurrence of this criticism. The first Sabbath question,
however, may belong early, as Mark has placed it. Weiss, Markusevangelium,
76, LX II. 232 ff., places these conflicts late. Edersheim, LJM II. 51
ff., discusses the Sabbath controversies after the feeding of the
multitudes. RévilleJN II. 229 places the first of them early.
56. _The sermon on the mount._ Luke (vi. 12-19 = Mk. iii.
13-19^a indicates the place in the Galilean ministry; Matthew
has therefore anticipated in assigning it to the beginning. The identity
of the two sermons (Mt. v. 1 to vii. 27; Lk. vi. 20-49) is shown by the
fact that each begins with beatitudes, each closes with the parables of
the wise and foolish builders, each is followed by the cure of a
centurian's servant in Capernaum (Mt. viii. 5-13; Lk. vii. 1-10), and the
teachings which are found in each account are given in the same order.
Matthew is much fuller than Luke, many teachings given in the sermon in
Matthew being found in later contexts in Luke. Much of the sermon in
Matthew, however, evidently belonged to the original discourse, and was
omitted by Luke, perhaps because of less interest to Gentile than to
Jewish Christians. The following sections are found elsewhere in Luke, and
were probably associated with the sermon by the first evangelist: Mt. v.
25, 26; Lk. xii. 58, 59; Mt. vi. 9-13; Lk. xi. 2-4; Mt. vi. 19-34; Lk.
xii. 21-34; xi. 34-36; xvi. 13; Mt. vii. 7-11; Lk. xi. 9-13; Mt. vii. 13,
14; Lk. xiii. 24. The first evangelist's habit of grouping may explain
also the presence in his sermon of teachings which he himself has
duplicated later, thus: Mt. v. 29, 30 = xviii. 8,9; v. 32 = xix. 9, comp.
Mk. x. 11, ix. 43-47, Lk. xvi. 18; Mt. vi. 14, 15 = Mk. xi. 25. Matthew
vii. 22, 23 has the character of the teachings which follow the confession
at Cæsarea Phillipi, and is quite unlike the other early teachings. It may
belong to the later time, for it was natural for the early Christians to
associate together teachings which the Lord uttered on widely separated
occasions. The sermon as originally given may be analyzed as follows: The
privileges of the heirs of the kingdom of God, Mt. v. 3-13; Lk. vi. 20-26;
their responsibilities, Mt. v. 13-16; the relation of the new to the old,
Mt. v. 17-19; the text of the discourse, Mt. v. 20; the new conception of
morality, Mt. v. 21-48; Lk. vi. 27-36; the new practice of religion, Mt.
vi. 1-8, 16-18; warning against a censorious spirit, Mt. vii. 16-20; Lk.
vi. 43-46; the wise and foolish builders, Mt. vii. 24-27; Lk. vi. 47-49.
57. _The discourse in parables._ Matthew gives seven parables at this
point (xiii.), Mark (iv. 1-34) has three, one of them is not given in
Matthew, Luke (viii. 4-18) gives in this connection but one,--the Sower.
Many think that the Tares of Matthew (xiii. 24-30, 36-43) is a doublet of
Mark's Seed growing secretly (iv. 26-29); so Weiss LX II. 209 note,
against which view see WendtLJ I. 178 f., and Bruce, _Parabolic Teaching
of Xt_, 119. Matthew has probably made here a group of parables, as in
chapters v. to vii. he has made a group of other teachings. The
interpretation of the Tares, and of the Draw-net (xiii. 40-43, 49, 50),
may indicate that these parables were spoken after Jesus began to teach
plainly concerning the end of the world (Mk. viii. 31 to ix. 1), Luke
gives the Mustard Seed and Leaven in another connection (xiii. 18-21), and
it may be that Matthew has taken them out of their true context to
associate them with the other parables of his group; yet in popular
teaching it must be recognized that illustrations are most likely to be
repeated in different situations. On the parables see Goebel, _The
Parables of Jesus_ (1890), Bruce, _The Parabolic Teaching of Christ_, 3d
ed. (1886), Jülicher, _Die Gleichnissreden Jesu_ (2 vols. 1899), and the
commentaries on the gospels.
58. _The instructions to the twelve_. Mt. ix. 36 to xi. 1. x. 1, 5-14
corresponds in general with Mk. vi. 7-11; Lk. ix. 1-5. The similarity is
closer, however, between x. 7-15 and Lk. x. 3-12--the instructions to the
seventy (see sect. A 68). The rest of Mt. x. (16-42) is paralleled by
teachings found in the closing discourses in the synoptic gospels, and in
teachings preserved in the section peculiar to Luke (ix. 51 to xviii. 14.
See SB sects. 88-92, footnotes). It is probable that here the first
evangelist has made a group of instructions to disciples gathered from all
parts of the Lord's teachings; such a collection was of great practical
value in the early time of persecution.
59. _Did Jesus twice feed the multitudes_? All the gospels record the
feeding of the five thousand (Mt. xiv. 13-23; Mk. vi. 30-46; Lk. ix.
10-17; Jn. vi. 1-15), Matthew (xv. 32-38) and Mark (viii. 1-9) give also
the feeding of the four thousand. The similarities are so great that the
two accounts would be regarded as doublets if they occurred in different
gospels. The difficulty with such an identification is chiefly the
reference which in both Matthew (xvi. 9, 10) and Mark (viii. 19, 20) Jesus
is said to have made to the two feedings. The evangelists clearly
distinguished the two. In view of this fact the differences between the
accounts become important. These concern the occasion of the two miracles,
the number fed, the nationality of the multitudes (compare Jn. vi. 31 and
Mk. vii. 31), the number of loaves and of baskets of broken pieces (the
name for basket is different in the two cases, and is preserved
consistently in Mk. viii. 19, 20; Mt. xvi. 9, 10). See GilbertLJ 259-262,
Gould, and Swete, on Mk. viii. 1-9; Meyer, Alford, on Mt. xv. 32-38.
WeissLX II. 376f., BeysLJ I. 279f., WendtLJ I. 42, Holtzmann _Hand-comm._
I. 186 ff., identify the accounts. See also SandayHastBD II. 629.
60. _Did Peter twice confess faith in Jesus as Messiah_? Synoptics give
his confession at Cæesarea Philippi (Mk. viii. 27-30; Mt. xvi. 13-20; Lk.
ix. 18-21). John, however, gives a confession earlier at Capernaum (vi.
66-71). WeissLX III. 53 identifies the two, placing that in John at
Cæsarea Philippi, since there is no evidence that all of the long
discourse of Jn. vi. was spoken in Capernaum the day after the feeding of
the five thousand. This may be correct, yet the marked recognition which
Jesus gave to the confession at Cæsarea Philippi does not demand that he
first at that time received a confession of his disciples' faith. The
confession in Jn. vi. 68, 69 declared that the twelve were not shaken in
their faith by the recent defection of many disciples. At Cæsarea Philippi
the confession was made after the revulsion of popular feeling had been
made fully evident, and after the twelve had had time for reaction of
enthusiasm consequent upon the growing coldness of the multitudes and
active opposition of the leaders. The confession of Cæsarea Philippi holds
its unique significance, whether or not Jn. vi. 68 is identified with it.
61. _The journey to Tabernacles_ (Jn. vii.). Where in the synoptic story
should it be placed? Lk. ix. 51 ff. records the final departure from
Galilee. The journey of Jn. vii. is the last journey from Galilee given in
John. Yet the two are very different. In John, Jesus went in haste,
unpremeditatedly, in secret, and unaccompanied, and confronted the people
with himself unexpectedly during the feast. In Luke (Mk. x. 1 and Mt. xix.
1 are so general that they give no aid) he advanced deliberately, with
careful plans, announcing his coming in advance, accompanied by many
disciples, with whom he went from place to place, arriving in Jerusalem
long after he had set out. The two journeys cannot be identified. John
seems to keep Jesus in the south after the Tabernacles, but his account
does not forbid a return to Galilee between Tabernacles and Dedication (x.
22). After the hurried visit to Tabernacles, Jesus probably went back to
Galilee, and gathered his disciples again for the final journey towards
his cross--for the visit to Jerusalem had given fresh evidence of the kind
of treatment he must expect in the capital (Jn. vii. 32, 45-52; viii. 59).
See AndLOL 369-379. Andrews suggests that the feast occurred before the
withdrawal to Cæsarea Philippi (376); this is possible, but it seems more
natural to place it during the sojourn in Capernaum after the return from
the north (Mk. ix. 33-50). See SB, sects. 82-85.
62. On the phenomena and interpretation of _Demoniac Possession_ see J. L.
Nevius, _Demon Possession and allied Themes_; Conybeare, Jew. Quar. Rev.
VIII. (1896) 576-608, IX. (1896-7) 59-114, 444-470, 581-603; J. Weiss in
_Reälencyklopädie_,^3 Hauck-Herzog, IV. 408-419; Binet, _Alterations of
Personality_, 325-356; James, _Psychology, _ I. 373-400; and the articles
on DEMONS in EnBib and HastBD.
The Journey through Perea to Jerusalem
63. Read SandayHastBD II. 630-632; see GilbertLJ 298-310: WeissLX III.
157-223; KeimJN V, 1-64; BeysLJ I. 287-294. II. 333-419; AndLOL 365-420;
EdersLJM II. 126-360.
64. This journey began sometime between Tabernacles and Dedication
(October and December) of the last year of Jesus' life, and continued
until the arrival in Bethany six days before the last Passover.
65. Geographical notes. _Perea_--a part of the domain of Antipas--was the
Jewish territory E of the Jordan. Its northern limit seems to have been
marked by Pella (Jos. Wars, iii 3. 3) or Gadara (Wars, iv. 7. 3), and its
E boundary was marked by Philadelphia (Ant. xx. 1. 1); it extended S to
the domain of Aretas, king of Arabia. The population was mixed, though
predominatingly Jewish. Cities of the Decapolis, however, lay within the
limits of Perea, and introduced Greek life and ideas to the people. On the
highlands back from the Jordan it was a fertile and well populated land.
See SmithHGHL 539f.; SchürerJPTX II. i. 2-4.
66. On _Bethany and Jericho_ see BDs and, for the latter, SmithHGHL 266
ff.
67. _Ephraim_, (John xi. 54) is generally identified with the Ephron of
II. Chron. xiii. 19 (Jos. Wars, iv. 9. 9). Robinson located it at et
Taiyibeh, 4 m. NE of Bethel, and 14 from Jerusalem. See HastBD l. 728;
SBD^2 975.
68. General questions. _The mission of the seventy_. Luke records two
missions, that of the twelve (ix. 1-6), and that of the seventy (x. 1-24).
Many regard these as doublets, similar to the two feedings in Mark. So
WeissLX II. 307 ff., BeysLJ I. 275, WendtLJ I. 84f. In favor of this
conclusion emphasis is given to the fact that in Jewish thought seventy
symbolized the nations of the world as twelve symbolized Israel. It is
suggested that in his search for full records Luke came upon an account of
the mission of disciples which had already been modified in the interests
of Gentile Christianity, and failing to recognize its identity with the
account of the mission furnished by Mark, he added it in his peculiar
section. The similarity of the instructions given follows from the nature
of the case. A second sending out of disciples is suitable in view of the
entrance into a region hitherto unvisited. As Dr. Sanday has remarked, the
sayings connected by Luke with this mission bear witness to the
authenticity of the account. There is therefore no need to identify the
two missions. See particularly SandayHastBD II. 614, also GilbertLJ
226-230, Plummer's _Comm. on Luke_, 269 ff. Luke probably gives the
correct place for the thanksgiving, self-declaration, and invitation of
Jesus, in which the synoptists approach most nearly to the thought of John
(Lk. x. 21, 22; Mt. xi. 25-30). The return of the seventy (Lk. x. 17-20)
followed the woes addressed to the unbelieving cities (Lk. x. 13-16; Mt.
xi. 20-24).
69. _The destination of the seventy_. It is customary to think of them as
sent to the various cities of Perea (see AndLOL 381-383). Were it not for
the words "whither he himself was about to come" (Lk. x. I), it would be
natural to conclude that they were sent E to Gerasa and Philadelphia, and
S to the regions of the Dead Sea. If John's account is accepted, Jesus
spent not a little time of the interval between his departure from Galilee
and his final arrival in Bethany in and near Jerusalem. It may be that
after the withdrawal from the Dedication he went far into the Perean
districts. But John x. 40 is against it. The question must be left
unanswered. The messengers may have visited places in all parts of
Palestine.
VI
The Controversies of the Last Week
70. See GilbertLJ 311-335; WeissLX III. 224-270; AndLOL 421-450; KeimJN V.
65-275; BeysLJ II. 422-434; EdersLJM II. 363-478; SandayHastBD II 632f.
71. _The supper at Bethany_. John is definite, "six days before the
passover" (xii. I). Synoptists place it after the day of controversy, on
the Wednesday preceding the Passover (Mk. xiv. I, 3-9; Mt. xxvi. 2, 6-13).
John is probably correct. The rebuke of Judas (Jn. xii. 4-8) was probably
associated in the thought of the disciples with his later treachery;
consequently the synoptists report the plot of Judas and this supper in
close connection.
72. _The Messianic entry into Jerusalem_ is regarded by Réville as a
surrender by Jesus of his lofty Messianic ideal in response to the
temptation to seek a popular following. Keim with finer insight says,
"Even if it had certainly been his wish to bring the kingdom of heaven
near in Jerusalem quietly and gradually, and with a healthy mental
progress, as in Galilee, yet ... in the face of the irritability of his
opponents, in the face of the powerful means at their disposal of crushing
him ... there remained but one chance,--reckless publicity, the conquest
of the partially prepared nation by means, not of force, but of idea....
He came staking his life upon the venture, but also believing that God
must finish his work through life or death" (JN V. 100f.).
73. _The question about the resurrection_ was probably a familiar
Sadducean problem with which they made merry at the expense of the
scribes. On the resurrection in Jewish thought see Charles, _Eschatology,
Hebrew, Jewish, and Christian_, by index. For the scepticism of the
Sadducees see also Ac. xxiii. 8; Jos. Wars, ii, 8. 14.
74. On the "_great commandment_" see EdersLJM II. 403 ff.
75. The eschatological discourse presents serious exegetical difficulties.
Many cut the knot by assuming that Mk. xiii. and ∥s contain a little
Jewish apocalypse written shortly before the destruction of Jerusalem,
which has been blended with genuine predictions of Jesus concerning his
second coming. See Charles, _Eschatology_, 323-. 329; WendtLJ I. 9-21;
HoltzmannNtTH I. 325 ff.; and Bruce's criticism in _Expos. Gk. Test_. I.
287f., also Sanday's note in HastBD II. 635f.
76. On _the relation of proselytes_ to Judaism see SchürerJPTX II. ii.
291-327. The synagogue in heathen lands drew to itself by its monotheism
and its pure ethics the finest spirits of paganism. But few of them,
however, submitted to circumcision, and became thus proselytes. Most of
them constituted the class of "them that fear God" to whom Paul constantly
appealed in his apostolic mission. The Greeks of Jn. xii. 20 ff. were
probably circumcised proselytes.
77. On _Judas_ see Plummer in HastBD II. 796 ff.; EdersLJM II. 471-478;
WeissLX III. 285-289; AndLOL by index. De Quincey's essay on _Judas
Iscariot_ is an elaborate defence.
VII
The Last Supper
78. GilbertLJ 335-354; WeissLX III. 273-318; EdersLJM II. 479-532; AndLOL
450-497; KeimJN V. 275-343; BeysLJ II. 434-448; SandayHastBD II. 633-638.
79. _The day of the last supper_. John seems clearly to place it on the
day before the Passover--13 Nisan. See xiii. I, 29; xviii. 28; xix. 14,
31, 42. Synoptists as clearly declare that the supper was prepared on the
"first day of unleavened bread, when they sacrificed the Passover" (Mk.
xiv. 12; see also Lk. xxii. 15); this is confirmed by the similarity
between the Passover ritual as tradition has preserved it, and the course
of events at the supper. Unless interpretation can remove the
contradiction, John must have the preference. WeissLX III. 273-282, BeysLJ
II. 390-399, accept John and correct the synoptists by him; thus the
supper anticipated the Passover. Some hold that John can be interpreted
harmoniously with synoptists, and be shown to indicate that the supper was
on the 14th Nisan. So EdersLJM II. 508, 566f., 612f.; AndLOL 452-481;
GilbertLJ 335-339. Others believe that a true interpretation of synoptists
shows that in calling the last supper a Passover they correctly represent
the character, but misapprehend the time, of the meal. For this argument
see Muirhead, _Times of Xt_, 163-169, and read SandayHastBD II. 633-636
and his references. The debate is still on, but the advantage seems to be
with those who assign the supper to the 13th and the crucifixion to the
14th Nisan.
80. _Did Jesus institute a memorial sacrament_? Read SandayHastBD II.
636-638, and Thayer, in Jour. Bib. Lit. 1899, 110-131; see also
McGiffert, _Apostolic Age_, 68 ff. note; HoltzmannNtTh I. 296-304.
81. _The Passover ritual_. The order according to the rabbis was the
following: the first cup of wine and water was taken by the leader, who
gave thanks over it, and then it was shared by all (compare Lk. xxii. 17);
then the head of the company washed his hands--Dr. Edersheim connects with
this the washing of the disciples' feet, which changed the ceremony from
an act of distinction into one of humble service; after this the dishes
were brought on the table, then the leader dipped some of the bitter herbs
into salt water or vinegar, spoke a blessing, and partook of them, then
handed them to each of the company; then one of the loaves of unleavened
bread was broken; after this a second cup was filled, and before it was
drunk the significance of the Passover was explained by the leader in
reply to a question by the youngest of the company, after which the first
part of the Hallel (Ps. cxiii., cxiv.) was sung, and then the cup was
drunk; then followed the supper itself beginning with "the sop,"--a piece
of the paschal lamb, a piece of unleavened bread, and bitter herbs,
wrapped together and dipped in the vinegar,--which was passed around the
company (compare the sop which Jesus gave to Judas); after the supper came
a third cup, known as "the cup of blessing" (see I. Cor. x. 16); then
followed grace after meat; then a fourth cup, in connection with which the
remainder of the Hallel was sung (Ps. cxv. to cxviii.), followed by
certain other songs and prayers. See EdersLJM II. 496-512; AndLOL 488-494.
82. _The washing of the disciples' feet_. John (xiii. 1-11) says this
occurred "during supper" (v. 2), and before the designation of the
traitor. Luke (xxii. 23-30) tells of a dispute about greatness among the
disciples. This dispute may have arisen over the assignment of places at
table (compare Lk. xiv. 7 ff.; Mk. x. 33-45); if so, the reason for the
lesson in humility is apparent. See AndLOL 482-484; EdersLJM II. 492-503.
83. _Did Jesus twice predict Peter's denials_? Mark (xiv. 26-31) and
Matthew (xxvi. 30-35) place the prediction after the departure for
Gethsemane; Luke (xxii. 31-34) and John (xiii. 36-38), during the supper.
AndLOL 494 ff. thinks Peter was warned twice, EdersLJM. II. 535-537 holds
to one warning on the way to Gethsemane. Antecedent probability favors
this view.
84. _Where in John should the institution of the sacrament be placed_?
Probably after the departure of Judas (Mark xiv. 21f.; Matt. xxvi. 26),
thus not before xiii. 30. The most likely place is between, verses 32 and
33. There is no break at this point, and it remains a mystery why John's
account of the passion omitted this central feature of early Christian
belief and practice. The omission argues for rather than against apostolic
authorship, as a forger would not have ventured to disregard the leading
service of the church in an account of the life of its Lord. See Westcott,
_Comm. on John_, 188.
85. On the possible _disarrangement of the last discourses_ (xiii. 31 to
xvi. 33) in our text of John see Spitta, _Urchristentum_, I. 168-193;
Bacon, Jour. Bib. Lit. 1894, 64-76; Burton, Bib. Wld. 1899 I. 32.
VIII
The Shadow of the Cross
86. See GilbertLJ 354-384; AndLOL 497-588; WeissLX III. 319-381; BeysLJ I.
390-432, II. 448-473; EdersLJM II. 533-620; KeimJN VI. 1-274; SandayHastBD
II. 632f.
87. On the location of _Gethsemane and Golgotha_ see AndLOL 499f.,
575-588; and HastBD II. 164, 226f.
88. On the progress of _Jesus' trial by the Jewish authorities, _ see
AndLOL 505-516; GilbertLJ 359-363. The _legality of the trial_ has been
carefully discussed by A. T. Innes, _The Trial of Jesus Christ_.
89. On the form and sequence of _Peter's denials_, see Westcott, _Comm.
on John_, 263-266; AndLOL 516-521.
90. The _Words from the Cross_. Matthew (xxvii. 46) and Mark (xv. 34)
report one; Luke (xxiii. 34?, 43, 46) adds three, omitting the one found
in Matthew and Mark; John adds three more (xix. 26f., 28, 30). Luke xxiii.
34 is bracketed by Westcott and Hort because omitted by a very important
group of MSS. ([Hebrew: aleph]^aBD*) and some early versions. The saying
is almost certainly authentic, though it may have been added to Luke by
some early copyist. See Westcott and Hort, _N.T. in Greek_, II. Appendix,
68; and Plummer, _Comm. on Luke_, 544f.
IX
The Resurrection and Ascension
91. Read SandayHastBD II. 638-643; see KeimJK VI. 274-383, for a still
valid criticism of the position of RévilleJN II. 428-478; see also WeissLX
III. 382-409; BeysLJ I. 433-481, II. 474-493; BovonNTTh I. 350-375;
GilbertLJ 385-405; Loofs, _Die Auferstehungsberichte und ihr Wert_;
EdersLJM II. 621-652; AndLOL 589-639.
92. The last twelve verses of Mark (xvi. 9-20) are omitted by the oldest
MSS ([Hebrew: aleph]B) and by the recently discovered Sinaitic Syriac, as
well as by other versions and fathers. An Armenian MS. has been found
ascribing the section to one Ariston, or Aristion, a second century elder,
and this explanation of the origin of the verses is widely accepted. The
gospel cannot have ended with the words "for they were afraid," but no
satisfactory explanation of the condition of its text has been found. For
a recent hypothesis see Rohrbach, _Der Schluss des Markusevangeliums_; on
Aristion as the author, see Conybeare in Expos. IV. viii. (1893) 241, IV.
x. 219, V. ii. 401; see also SandayHastBD II. 638f., Bruce, _Expos. Gk.
Test_. I. 454f. For discussion of textual evidence see Westcott and Hort,
_NT in Greek_, II. Appendix, 28-51, and Burgon, _The last twelve verses
of St. Mark_ (a passionate defence).
Luke xxiv. 51 is omitted by [Hebrew: aleph]*D and several old Latin MSS.
See Plummer and Bruce on the passage.
93. "_After three days_." This formula, which appears often in Mark, is
altered in parallels in Matthew and Luke to "on the third day" (see
Concordance). Jesus died on Friday, lay in the tomb over Saturday, and
rose very early Sunday morning. Thus he spent a part of Friday, and a part
of Sunday, and all of Saturday in the grave. According to Jewish reckoning
this was counted three days.
94. _Emmaus_. A village about 60 furlongs from Jerusalem. Cannot have been
the Emmaus in the Shephelah, 20 m. from Jerusalem. May have been el
Kubeibeh, 63 furlongs distant on the road from Jerusalem to Lydda. See
AndLOL 617-619; but also HastBD I. 700.
Part III.--The Minister
I
The Friend of Men
95. Head Mathews, _The Social Teachings of Jesus, _ especially 132-174;
see also Robinson, _The Saviour in the Newer Light_, 343 ff.
II
The Teacher with Authority
96. See WendtTJ I. 106-151; Stevens, _Theol. of the N.T._ 1-16; Beyschlag,
_N.T. Theology, I_. 31-34. In particular on the Parables see references in
sect. A 56. On the content of Jesus' teaching see WendtTJ 2 vols.;
Dalman, _Die Worte Jesu; Stevens, Theol. of the N.T._ 17-244; Beyschlag,
_N.T. Theol_. I. 27-299; Mathews, _Social Teaching of Jesus_; Gilbert,
_The Revelation of Jesus_; Bruce, _The Kingdom of God_.
III
Jesus' Knowledge of Truth
97. Adamson, _The Mind in Christ_; GilbertRJ 169f., 240-242; Schwartzkopf,
_The Prophecies of Jesus Christ_.
IV
Jesus' Conception of Himself
98. BaldSJ 125-282; Stalker, _Christology of Jesus_, HoltzmannNtTh I.
234-304; WendtTJ II. 122-183; GilbertRJ 167-228; Stevens, _Theol. of the
N.T._ 41-64, 199-212. On the title "Son of Man" see particularly DalmanWJ
I. 191-219; Charles, _Eschatology_, 214f. note; against, A. Meyer, _Jesu
Muttersprache_, 91-101, and others. See also HoltzmannNtTh I.
246-264. On the name "Son of God," see Dalman WJ I. 219-237; Holtzmann
NtTh I. 265-278; Stalker, _Christology_, 86-123; Gilbert, as above. On the
personal religion of Jesus see Burton, Bib. Wld. 1899, II. 394-403. For
the total impression of the character of Jesus, read Bushnell, _The
Character of Jesus_.
Indexes
Index of Names and Subjects
[References are to pages.]
Ænon, site of, 288.
"After three days," 307.
Agrapha, 36, 149, 281.
Andrew, of Bethsaida, 92, 94, 118.
Angels, doctrine of, 10.
Annas, 191, 193, 194.
Antipas, 4, 192.
Apocalypse, 17f., 122, 124, 241.
Apocryphal gospels, 37, 281, 282.
Archelaus, 4, 5.
Aristion, author of Mark xvi. 9-20, 204f., 306f.
Assumption of Moses, 75
Baptism of John, see _John the Baptist_.
Baptism of Jesus, 83-86, 283f.
Barabbas, 174, 192.
Bethany beyond Jordan, 92, 284.
Bethany, supper at, 169, 301.
Bethsaida, site of, 290.
Books of reference, 273-277.
Brethren of Jesus, 63f., 283.
Cæsarea Philippi;, 4, 291.
confession at, see _Peter_.
Caiaphas, 191, 193, 194.
Cana of Galilee, 95, 222, 286.
Cananeans or Zealots, party of, 11, 74.
Capernaum, site of, 290.
Census under Quirinius, 11, 52-55.
Chorazin, site of, 290.
Dalmanutha, 291.
Dalmanutha, Books of, 17f., 241, 254f.
Decapolis, the, 140, 291.
Dedication, feast of, 150, 154.
Demoniac possession, 131-133, 245-248, 299.
Devout, the, 13, 17.
Diatessaron of Tatian, 38, 47, 281.
Doublets, 44, 281.
Draughts of fish, miraculous, 293.
Emmaus, site of, 307.
Enoch, Book of, 241, 256-258.
Ephraim, site of, 300.
Essenes, manner of living, 11-12;
their hope of Messiah, 16;
their settlement, 73;
relation to John the Baptist, 73, 77.
Five thousand, the feeding of, 135f., 291.
Gadarenes, country of, 247, 290f.
Genealogies of Jesus, 282.
Gethsemane, 177, 186, 188f., 265, 305.
Golgotha, 305.
Herod the Great, 3;
began to rebuild temple, 49;
census during his reign, 54.
Herod Antipas, 4, 192.
Herodians, 14, 173.
James, brother of John, 92, 94, 118.
Jesus, language of, 19, 62, 279;
date of birth, 52-56;
the miraculous conception, 58-61;
growth, physical, intellectual, moral, and spiritual, 61-66;
his brothers and sisters, 64;
visit to Jerusalem in his twelfth year, 66-68;
life in Nazareth, 68f.;
his baptism, 83-86;
his temptation, 86-91;
his first disciples, 92-95;
at Cana, 95;
his social friendliness, 96, 219f.;
the cleansing of the temple, 108-110;
talk with Nicodemus, 111;
the woman of Samaria, 112;
cure of nobleman's son, 113;
in retirement in Galilee, 113f.;
call of four disciples, 118;
popular enthusiasm and pharisaic opposition, 119-121;
his withdrawals and injunctions of silence, 122 ff.;
blasphemy of the Pharisees, 124;
the reply to John's message, 125;
his twofold aim in Galilee, 126;
his method, 127;
the sermon on the mount, 127f.;
the parables, 128f., 231f., 296f.;
instruction of the twelve, 130, 297;
his mighty works, 131f.;
his personal influence, 133;
the feeding of the five thousand, 135f.;
the revulsion in popular feeling, 136;
the controversy about hand washing, 139;
the withdrawal to the north, 138;
the demand for a sign, 139;
disciples warned against the Pharisees, 139;
the question at Cæsarea Philippi, 141f.;
commendation of Peter, 143;
announcement of approaching death, 144;
rebuke of Peter, 145;
the transfiguration, 146f.;
the epileptic boy, 147;
rebuke of worldly ambition, 147f.;
Jesus and his brethren, 148;
at the feast of Tabernacles, 148;
return to Galilee, 150;
final departure from Galilee, 154;
the mission of the seventy, 158;
visit to the feast of Dedication, 159;
in Perea, 160;
the summons to Bethany, 161f.;
official determination to get rid of him, 161;
at Ephraim, 162;
question about divorce, 154;
blessing little children, 154;
the rich young ruler, 154;
request of Salome, 163;
Bartimeus, 163;
Zacchæus, 163;
anointing at Bethany, 169;
the Messianic entry, 170f.;
the barren fig-tree, 172;
the questions of the leaders, 173f.;
counter question, 175;
denunciation of scribes, 175;
the widow's mites, 176;
visit of the Greeks. 176f.;
the eschatological discourse, 178;
bargain of Judas, 169, 178f.;
the last supper, 181-184;
dispute and foot washing, 184;
withdrawal of Judas, 184;
prediction of Peter's denials, 185;
discourse and prayer, 185-187;
Gethsemane, 188-190;
betrayal and arrest, 190f.;
trial by Jews, 191f.;
trial by Pilate, 192-194;
crucifixion, 195-198;
burial of Jesus, 199;
the resurrection, 201-210;
the ascension, 214f.;
Jesus' attitude to common life, 219-223;
his hunger for sympathy, 223;
Jesus as a teacher, 226f.;
his attitude to Old Testament, 227-229;
his confidence in men, 230f.;
his use of illustration, 231-233;
his alertness of mind, 234;
his leading ideas, 235 ff.;
his supernatural knowledge, 239-244;
his confession of ignorance, 243;
his kinship with men, 244f.;
treatment of demoniac possession, 245-248;
his certainty of his Messianic call, 249-254;
his adoption of Messianic titles, 254-264;
his consciousness of dependence on God, 264-266;
the problem of Jesus, 267-269.
John, Gospel of, 32-36, 40f., 181, 280, 305.
John the Baptist, 70-81;
notice by Josephus, 71f., 279f.;
his idea of the kingdom of God, 73;
his relation to current thought, 73-76;
his baptism, 77f., 83;
baptism of Jesus, 82-84;
the embassy from the priests, 92;
testimony--"the Lamb of God," 93, 286;
baptizing at Ænon, 112;
his self-effacing witness to Jesus, 79, 112;
hostility of the Pharisees, 113, 289;
arrest by Antipas, 71f., 113;
his message to Jesus, 125;
death in prison, 134f.; his significance, 79-81, 226;
the disciples of John, 112, 283;
literature about John, 283.
John, son of Zebedee, 36, 92, 94, 118, 193,269.
John of Gischals, 121.
Joseph of Arimathea, 182, 199.
Josephus, 22;
notice of John the Baptist, 71, 279f.
Judas of Galilee, 11, 121.
Judas the betrayer, 169, 181, 302;
the bargain, 178;
his selection as an apostle, 179;
his criticism of Mary at Bethany, 179;
his kiss, 190;
his remorse, 179.
Judea, province of, 6f.
Kingdom of God, 68, 86, 90, 173, 190, 231, 232, 235 ff., 238, 241.
Language used by Jesus, 19, 62, 279.
Last supper, the, 181-187, 303-305.
Lawyers, see _Scribes_.
Length of Jesus' ministry, 45-49.
Literature of the Jews, 18f., 279.
"Logia," ascribed to Matthew, 32, 42, 158.
Luke, Gospel of, 26f., 31f., 280.
Mark, Gospel of, 25f., 27, 29, 32, 40, 42, 280, 294f.;
last twelve verses of, 204f., 306f.
Mary Magdalene, 134, 208.
Mary, the mother of Jesus, 59;
had other children, 60, 63f., 283.
Matthew, Gospel of, 23 ff., 27, 30f., 32, 280.
Messianic entry into Jerusalem, 170, 301f.
Messianic hope, the, 16-18, 87, 175, 279.
Miracles of Jesus, 96, 267, 286f.
Miraculous birth, the, 57-61, 232.
Mission of the twelve, 130, 297.
Mission of the seventy, 158, 300f.
Nathanael, of Cana, 92, 94, 286.
Nazareth, the view from, 65f.
rejection at, 292.
Nicodemus, 111, 199.
Papias, 22, 29, 34, 47, 102, 281.
Parables of Jesus, 128f., 231f., 296f.
Passover, the, 181, 187, 304.
Paul, 21, 36, 201, 206, 268.
Pentateuch, Jesus' references to, 244.
Perea, 104, 153f., 158, 299f.
Peter, 29, 34, 92, 94, 118, 185, 193, 305, 306;
confession of, 136, 142 ff., 297f.
Pharisees, the, 8-10;
attitude to John the Baptist, 82, 113, 289;
their blasphemy, 124, 156;
question about divorce, 154;
about tribute, 173;
about the great commandment, 174, 302.
Philip of Bethsaida, 92, 94, 176.
Philip the tetrarch, 4.
Pliny the younger, 21.
Pontius Pilate, 5, 192, 195.
Priests, the, 7f., 107;
and the temple market, 108.
Proselytes, 78, 176, 302.
Psalms, Jesus' use of the, 244.
Psalms of Solomon, 18, 261.
Publicans, 6, 72, 222.
Quirinius, census under, 52-55.
Religion of Jesus, 264 ff., 308.
Resurrection, pharisaic doctrine of, 10, 241;
Sadducean rejection of 10, 174.
Sadducees, the, 8, 16, 82;
the question about the resurrection, 174, 303;
attitude towards Jesus, 193.
Samaria, 6f.
Jesus' journey through, 112.
Samaritans, how regarded, 14.
Sanhedrin, the great, at Jerusalem, 7, 13, 192.
Scribes, their business, 9;
power in the sanhedrin, 13;
their influence over the religious life, 14;
their hope of a Messiah, 16;
their washings, 78;
chief of them at Jerusalem, 107;
their pride of learning and their bondage to tradition, 228.
Sermon on the mount, 127, 290, 295f.
Signs, essential marks of the Messiah, 95, 131.
Soldiers in Palestine, 6, 72, 191.
Son of Man, the, 124f., 130f., 254-260, 308.
Son of God, the, 260-264, 308.
Star of the wise men, 56.
Suetonius, 21.
Sychar, site of, 288.
Synagogue, the, 14.
Synoptic gospels, 28.
Synoptic problem, 27-32, 279f.
Tabernacles, feast of, 148, 150, 298f.
Tacitus, 3, 21, 54.
Tatian, 23, 38, 47, 281.
Taxes, Roman, in Judea, 6.
Temple at Jerusalem, 107;
market in 107;
cleansing of, 107, 288f.
Temptation of Jesus, 86-91, 145, 284;
locality of, 285;
source of the record, 90, 285.
Tertullian, 45, 53.
Thomas, 208.
Tiberius, 1, 21, 50.
Traditions of the elders, 9, 15f., 68, 74, 139.
Transfiguration, the, 146f., 292.
Trial of Jesus, the, 191-195, 305.
Words from the cross, 196 ff., 306.
Zealots, the, 11, 74, 122, 124.
Index of Scripture References
Ex.
iv. 22 261
xix. 10 78
xxiv. 1-11 183
Lev.
xii. 8 61
xxiii. 5-11 47
Num.
xxiii. 19 254
Deut.
vi. 4-9 62
viii. 3 88
xviii. 15 92
xxi. 23 196
I. Sam.
ii. 26 61
I. Kings.
xvii. 1 72
II. Kings.
i. 8
xvii. 24-41 14
Ps.
ii. 7 261
viii. 4 254
xxii. 196
lxxx. 17 254
lxxxii. 6 261
ciii. 13 262
cxiii., cxiv. 304
cxv. to cxviii. 185, 304
Isa.
i. 16 76
vi. 5 267
xi. 2 85
xxxv. 5f. 126
xlii. 1 85
li. 2 254
liii. 96, 239
liii. 7 93
lviii. 76
lxi. 1f. 45, 85, 126
lxiii. 16 262
Jer.
xxxi. 31-34 111, 183
Ezek.
ii. 1 254
xxxiii. 10-20 240
xxxvi. 25-27 111
Dan.
vi. 10 107
vii. 1-14 254
vii. 13f. 255
viii. 17 254
Hos.
i. 10 261
Joel.
ii. 1-14 76
Micah.
vi. 8 76
Matt.
i. 1 to iv. 17 23
ii. 1, 2 52
iii. 7 74
iii. 9 78
iii. 10-12 82
iii. 11 77
iii. 14 82
iii. 15 83
iii. 16 285
iv. 4, 7, 10 228
iv. 7 89
iv. 8 90
iv. 10 90, 145
iv. 12 101, 102, 106, 289
iv. 12-17 24, 39, 115
iv. 12 to xviii. 35 102
iv. 13 106
iv. 13-16 115
iv. 17 118
iv. 18-22 106, 115
iv. 18 to xvi. 20 24
iv. 23 115
iv. 23-25 115
v. 1 290
v. 3-12 296
v. 13-16 296
v. 17 83, 228
v. 17-19 296
v. 18 238
v. 20 296
v. 21-48 228, 296
v. 25f. 295
v. 29f. 295
v. 32 295
v. 38, 39 250
v. 45 244
vi. 1-6 84
vi. 1-18 64, 296
vi. 2-4 176
vi. 9-15 4, 117, 295
vi. 19-34 103, 295
vi. 24 179
vi. 25-34 42
vii. 1-6 296
vii. 7-11 117, 295
vii. 13f. 295
vii. 15-21 296
vii. 21 262
vii. 21-27 238
vii. 22f. 295
vii. 24-27 296
vii. 28, 29 226, 249
viii. 2-4 115
viii. 5 7
viii. 5, 8 43
viii. 5-13 41, 115, 288, 289
viii. 10 243
viii. 10-12 24
viii. 14-17 115
viii. 18, 23-27 116
viii. 19-22 153
viii. 20 259
viii. 28-34 116
ix. 1, 18-26 116
ix. 2-8 115
ix. 9-13 115
ix. 14-17 115
ix. 27-34 116
ix. 35 116
ix. 36 to xi. 1 116, 118, 297
x. 1, 5-15 297
x. 5f. 130
x. 7-15 297
x. 16-42 297
x. 32 262
xi. 2-6 251
xi. 2-19 41, 116
xi. 4-6 131
xi. 11 80
xi. 18f. 259
xi. 19 96, 220, 256
xi. 20-24 301
xi. 20-30 153
xi. 25-30 300
xi. 27 252, 263
xi. 28-30 160
xii. 1-8 115
xii. 9-14 115
xii. 12 227
xii. 15-21 115
xii. 22-45 116, 156
xii. 28 85, 248
xii. 46-50 116
xii. 50 145
xiii. 1-53 116, 296
xiii. 24-30 296
xiii. 31-33 44, 17
xiii. 40-43, 49, 50 296
xiii. 54-58 116, 292
xiii. 55 61, 63
xiv. 1-12 116
xiv. 1 to xxviii. 20 28
xiv. 13-23 39, 116, 297
xiv. 19 46
xiv. 21-36 116
xv. 1 43
xv. 1-20 116
xv. 13f. 150
xv. 21-28 116
xv. 21-31 140
xv. 22 254
xv. 24 130
xv. 29-31 117
xv. 32-38 117, 297
xv. 39 291
xv. 39 to xvi. 12 17
xvi. 9f. 297
xvi. 13-20 94, 117, 298
xvi. 16 263
xvi. 16ff. 142
xvi. 17 142, 224, 262
xvi. 21 118, 239
xvi. 21-28 117
xvi. 21 to xxviii. 20 24
xvi. 23 239
xvii. 1-13 117
xvii. 10-13 193
xvii. 14-20 117
xvi. 22-23 117
xvii. 24-27 117, 139
xviii. 1-35 117, 148
xviii. 4 220
xviii. 12-14 44
xix. 1f. 39, 153, 154, 298
xix. 1 to xx. 34 104
xix. 3-9 228
xix. 3-12 153
xix. 13-15 153
xix. 16 to xx. 16 153
xx. 17-19 153
xx. 20-28 153
xx. 29-34 153
xxi. 1-11 166
xxi. 1 to xxvii. 66 104
xxi. 1 to xxviii. 20 39
xxi. 4f. 170
xxi. 9-15 254
xxi. 14-16 172
xxi. 17 166
xxi. 18-19, 12-17 166
xxi. 20-23 166
xxi. 23-27 166
xxi. 28 to xxii. 14 166, 173
xxi. 33-46 25, 252
xxii. 1-14 252
xxii. 15-22 166
xxii. 23-33 166
xxii. 34-46 166, 238
xxii. 41-46 166
xxiii. 1-39 166
xxiii. 2 13
xxiii. 24 233
xxiii. 37-39 34, 106
xxiv. 1 to xxvi. 2 167
xxiv. 6-13 166
xxv. 178
xxv. 37-46 237
xxv. 40 221
xxvi. 1f. 147
xxvi. 2, 6-13 301
xxvi. 3-5, 14-16 167
xxvi. 11-13 167
xxvi. 20 181
xxvi. 25 200
xxvi. 26 305
xxvi. 30, 36-46 167
xxvi. 30-35 305
xxvi. 47-56 167
xxvi. 57 to xxvii. 10 167
xxvi. 63f. 263
xxvii. 11-31 167
xxvii. 32-56 167
xxvii. 43 261
xxvii. 46 197, 306
xxvii. 50 285
xxvii. 57 34
xxvii. 57-61 167
xxvii. 62-66 167
xxviii. 1-8 201
xxviii. 9, 10 201
xxviii. 11-15 201
xxviii. 16-20 201, 204
xxviii. 18-20 25
Mark.
i. 1-13 26
i. 3 79
i. 4 77
i. 7f. 93
i. 10 84
i. 11 68, 84, 261
i. 14 101, 102, 106, 289
i. 14f. 39, 115
i. 14 to ix. 50 26, 102
i. 16-20 115
i. 21-34 115
i. 24 254
i. 27 249
i. 35 265
i. 35-39 253
i. 35-45 115
ii. 1-12 47, 115, 230, 294
ii. 1-17 48
ii. 1 to iii. 6 47, 48, 250, 204f.
ii. 5 239
ii. 6f. 121
ii. 10 28, 256, 259
ii. 10, 28 and ∥s 256
ii. 12 25
ii. 13-17 47, 115, 294
ii. 15-17 96
ii. 16 47, 121
ii. 18-22 26, 47, 115
ii. 20 239
ii. 23 47
ii. 23-28 115, 229, 294f.
ii. 25-27 228
ii. 27 257
ii. 44 253
iii. 1-6 26, 115, 295
iii. 7-12 115
iii. 11 261
iii. 13-19 115, 295
iii. 17, 41 25
iii. 19-30 40, 42, 116
iii. 21, 31-35 59, 97
iii. 22 34, 121
iii. 22-30 156
iii. 28-30 251
iii. 31-35 59, 97, 116
iv. 1-34 116, 232, 296
iv. 3 64
iv. 12 129
iv. 13 129
iv. 26-29 296
iv. 35-41 116
v. 1 290
v. 1-20 116
v. 7 261
v. 11-13 139
v. 21-43 116
v. 30-34 243
v. 41 20
vi. 1-6 43, 116, 292
vi. 2f. 220
vi. 6b 116
vi. 7-11 297
vi. 7-13 116, 147
vi. 14-29 116
vi. 15 290
vi. 30-34 47
vi. 30-46 39, 40, 116, 297
vi. 39 46
vi. 47-56 116
vii. 1 34
vii. 1-23, 48 48, 116, 121, 139, 250
vii. 6-13 233
vii. 8-13 10
vii. 10 244
vii. 13 251
vii. 14-23 238
vii. 15 227
vii. 19 130, 228
vii. 24-30 116
vii. 27 140
vii. 29f. 289
vii. 31 291
vii. 31-37 117, 297
vii. 34 20
vii. 37 25
viii. 1f. 141
viii. 1-9 117, 297
viii. 10 291
viii. 10-21 117
viii. 11 96
vii. 11-13 139
viii. 14f. 139
viii. 19f. 297
viii. 22-26 117
viii. 27-30 117, 141, 298
viii. 29 254
viii. 31 168 ,20, 256, 259
viii. 31-33 87, 239
viii. 31-ix. 1 117, 296
viii. 32f. 93
viii. 34f. 147
viii. 34 to ix. 1 146
viii. 38 256, 259
ix. 1 242
ix. 2 292
ix. 2-13 117
ix. 6 28
ix. 9 147
ix. 10 203
ix. 14-29 117, 147
ix. 19 224
ix. 29 265
ix. 30-32 117, 147
ix. 31 204
ix. 33-50 117, 299
ix. 35-37 234
ix. 43-47 295
x. 1 9, 104, 153, 154, 298
x. 1 to xvi. 8 26
x. 2-12 153, 154, 298
x. 5f. 244
x. 11 153, 154, 160
x. 13-16 104
x. 17-31 153, 155, 160
x. 18 226
x. 19 229
x. 25 233
x. 32-34 147, 153, 155, 162
x. 35-45 153, 155, 163, 165, 184, 230, 304
x. 40 243
x. 42-45 259
x. 45 241
x. 46 162
x. 46-52 153
x. 47f. 254
x. 48 163
xi. 1-11 166
xi. 1 to xv. 47 104
xi. 1 to xvi. 8 [20] 39
xi. 2f. 34
xi. 2-5 112
xi. 8-10 162
xi. 9f. 170
xi. 12-14, 15-18 166
xi. 12-14, 20-25 172
xi. 14-36 42
xi. 15-19 43, 288
xi. 17 108
xi. 19 166
xi. 20-27 166
xi. 25 295
xi. 27-33 166
xi. 29-33 173
xii. 1-12 166
xii. 13-17 166, 173
xii. 16 227
xii. 18-27 166, 174
xii. 24-27 228
xii. 27 186
xii. 28-34 166, 174
xii. 35-37 166, 245
xii. 38-40 166
xii. 41-44 166
xiii. and ∥s 178, 241, 302
xiii. 1-37 167
xiii. 24-27 238
xiii. 32 243, 247, 252, 263
xiv. 1f., 10f. 167
xiv. 3 169
xiv. 3-9 166, 301
xiv. 3-11 169
xiv. 8 169
xiv. 12 303
xiv. 12-16 112
xiv. 12-26 167
xiv. 14 34
xiv. 17 181
xiv. 18-21 184
xiv. 20 185
xiv. 21 180
xiv. 26, 32-42 167
xiv. 26-31 305
xiv. 33f. 186
xiv. 34 145
xiv. 36 20, 189, 239, 265
xiv. 43-52 167
xiv. 45 190
xiv. 50 182
xiv. 53 to xv. 1 190
xiv. 61 167
xiv. 61f. 254, 261
xiv. 61-64 263
xiv. 62 191
xiv. 66-72 85, 258
xv. 1 192
xv. 1-20 167
xv. 2 254
xv. 6-15 192
xv. 21 182, 195
xv. 21-41 167
xv. 22 305
xv. 34 20, 197, 306
xv. 42 182
xv. 42-47 167
xv. 43 34
xv. 46 182
xvi. 1 202
xvi. 1-8 201
xvi. 6f. 209
xvi. [9-20] 204f., 306
xvi. [9-11] 201
xvi. [12f.] 201
xvi. [14] 201
xvi. [15-18] 201
xvi. [19f.] 201
Luke.
i. 1-4 26, 42
i. 3 41
i. 5 52
i. 36 82
i. 46-55 60
i. 68-79 68-79
i. 80 61
ii. 1f. 52
ii. 8 56
ii. 19-51 59
ii. 24 61
ii. 40-52 61
ii. 41 62, 107
ii. 48 97
ii. 49 67, 262
ii. 52 63, 69
iii. 1f. 45, 49, 52
iii. 13f. 74
iii. 15 94
iii. 21 64, 82, 85, 265
iii. 23 52
iv. 5 90
iv. 13 87, 146
iv. 14 101, 102, 289
iv. 14, 15 39, 115, 292
iv. 14 to ix. 50 26, 102
iv. 16 62
iv. 16-19 63
iv. 16-30 43, 116, 292
iv. 23 292
iv. 31 106, 115
iv. 31-41 115
iv. 42-44 115
v. 1-11 115, 293
v. 4-11 43
v. 12-16 115
v. 17 34
v. 17-26 115
v. 24 28
v. 27-32 115
v. 33-39 115
vi. 1-5 115
vi. 6-11 115
vi. 12 84, 265, 290
vi. 12-19 115, 295
vi. 17 290
vi. 20 222
vi. 20 to vii. 1 115, 295
vi. 20-26 296
vi. 27-42 296
vi. 43-46 296
vi. 47-49 296
vii. 1-10 41, 115, 288, 289
vii. 2-5 7
vii. 7 43
vii. 11-17 42, 116
vii. 18-35 41, 116
vii. 36-50 42, 116, 224
vii. 47 239
viii. 1-3 116
viii. 4-18 116, 296
viii. 19-21 116
viii. 22-25 116
viii. 26 290
viii. 26-39 116
viii. 40-56 116
ix. 1-6 116, 297, 300
ix. 7-9 116
ix. 10-17 39, 116, 297
ix. 11 135
ix. 18 265
ix. 18-21 117, 298
ix. 22-27 117
ix. 28f. 84, 146
ix. 28-36 117
ix. 29 265
ix. 31 146
ix. 37-42 117
ix. 43-45 117
ix. 46-50 117
ix. 51 39, 157
ix. 51f. 158, 298
ix. 51-62 153
ix. 51 to xviii. 40, 42, 104, 154, 156
ix. 51 to xix. 27 26
ix. 57-62 156
x. 1 158, 301
x. 3-12 297
x. 1-24 153, 300
x. 13-16 301
x. 17-20 301
x. 17-24 160
x. 18 248
x. 22 252, 263, 300
x. 25-37 34, 153, 159, 227
x. 28-37 159
x. 38-42 34, 111, 153
xi. 1 42, 265
xi. 1-4 42, 295
xi. 1-13 117
xi. 9-13 295
xi. 14-36 40, 116, 156
xi. 34-36 295
xi. 37-52 156
xi. 37-54 154, 164
xii. 1-12 156
xii. 1-59 154, 164, 165
xii. 13-21 117
xii. 22-31 42
xii. 22-34 103, 516, 295
xii. 49-53 165
xii. 58f. 295
xiii. 1-9 154, 161, 164
xiii. 10-17 117
xiii. 18-21 44, 117, 296
xiii. 22 157
xiii. 22-30 153, 164
xiii. 24 295
xiii. 31f. 171, 193
xiii. 31-35 153, 168
xiii. 32 5
xiii. 34f. 34, 106, 224
xiii. 35 252
xiv. 1-24 117
xiv. 7ff. 304
xiv. 15-24 161
xiv. 25-35 154, 156, 164, 165
xiv. 26 233
xv. 1f. 96
xv. 1 to xvi. 31 117
xv. 4-7 44
xv. 7 233
xv. 11-32 232
xvi. 13 295
xvi. 22 247
xvi. 31 229
xvii. 1-4 117
xvii. 11 157
xvii. 11-19 153
xvii. 20-37 154
xviii. 1-8 154, 164
xviii. 9-14 154, 159
xviii. 15-17 153
xviii. 15 to xix. 28 104
xviii. 18-30 153
xviii. 31-34 153
xviii. 34 203
xviii. 35-43 153
xviii. 35 to xix. 28 155, 164
xix. 1-10 154
xix. 11-28 154, 163
xix. 28 to xxiv. 53 27
xix. 29-44 166
xix. 29 to xxiii. 56 104
xix. 29 to xxiii. 53 39
xix. 37-40 162
xix. 39 170
xix. 41-44 170
xix. 45f. 289
xix. 45-47f. 166
xix. 47 172
xx. 1 166
xx. 1-8 166
xx. 9-19 166
xx. 20-26 166
xx. 27-40 166
xx. 41-44 166
xx. 45-47 166
xxi. 1-4 166
xxi. 5-38 167
xxii. 37-38 166
xxii. 1-6 167
xxii. 7-30 167
xxii. 14 181
xxii. 15 181, 183, 303
xxii. 17 304
xxii. 17-20 185
xxii. 19 184
xxii. 23-30 304
xxii. 28 87
xxii. 31-34 185, 305
xxii. 39-46 167
xxii. 47-53 167
xxii. 54-71 167
xxii. 61f. 193
xxii. 66-71 192
xxii. 70 263
xxiii. 1f. 192
xxiii. 1-25 167
xxiii. 4 192
xxiii. 5-12 192
xxiii. 13-16 192
xxiii. 16-24 192
xxiii. 26-49 167
xxiii. 27-31 195
xxiii. 34 197, 306, 307
xxiii. 43 197, 306
xxiii. 46 64, 197, 265, 306
xxiii. 50-56 167
xxiii. 56 182
xxiv. 1-12 201
xxiv. 12 205
xxiv. 13-35 201
xxiv. 21 200, 203
xxiv. 36-43 201
xxiv. 41-43 213
xxiv. 44-53 201
xxiv. 50 205
xxiv. 51 214, 307
John.
i. 14 58, 269
1. 19 to iv. 42 40, 101
i. 25 78
i. 26f. 93
i. 28 92, 284
i. 29 93
i. 29-36 80
i. 30-34 93
i. 31 82
i. 32-34 84
i. 35f. 93
i. 38 20, 226
i. 40f., 43-45 92
i. 41-45 142
i. 42-47 239
i. 44 290
i. 49 94, 142, 254, 261, 263
i. 51 95
ii. 3-5 97
ii. 11 222
ii. 12 97
ii. 13 46
ii. 13-22 43, 106, 288
ii. 16 262
ii. 20 49
ii. 22 96
ii. 23 to iii. 15 106
ii. 25 68, 141, 234, 239
iii. 2 226
iii. 16-21,30-36 32
iii. 22-30 106
iii. 24 46, 101
iii. 23 288
iii. 24,35 113
iii. 30 80
iii. 34 85, 86
iv. 1-3 113
iv. 1-3, 44 112
iv. 1-4 289
iv. 1-42 106
iv. 1-45 102
iv. 21-24 109
iv. 25 14
iv. 26 254
iv. 30 95
iv. 34 265
iv. 35 107, 288, 293
iv. 42 40
iv. 43-45 39, 106, 286
iv. 46-54 102, 106, 115, 289
v. 1 40, 48, 293
v. 1-9 32
v. 1-47 102, 115
v. 17 262
v. 19 264
v. 25 263
v. 30 265
v. 39 229
vi. 1-15 39, 116
vi. 1-71 102
vi. 4 46, 138, 293
vi. 14 25
vi. 14f. 119
vi. 15 89, 120, 135, 170
vi. 16-21 116
vi. 22-71 116
vi. 30-32 87
vi. 38 189, 265
vi. 64 178, 180
vi. 66 136
vi. 67 225
vi. 67-71 298
vi. 68 81, 123
vi. 68f. 142
vi. 69 254
vii. 1-10 39, 298
vii. 1-52 117
vii. 1 to viii. 59 103, 149
vii. 2 138
vii. 2-5 148
vii. 5 64
vii. 10 150
vii. 15 235
vii. 22 244
vii. 23 32
vii. 24 227
vii. 25,32 160
vii. 31 95
vii. 32 299
vii. 36 149
vii. 40 254
vii. 45-52 299
vii. 49 13, 220
vii. 50-52 111
vii. 53 to viii. 11 37, 117, 149, 157
viii. 12-59 117
viii. 14 248
viii. 15 157
viii. 46 83, 266
viii. 59 160, 299
ix. 1 to x. 39 153
ix. 1 to xi. 57 104
ix. 10 158, 159
ix. 35 263
ix. 35-38 156
x. 11-18 159
x. 18 89
x. 21 159
x. 22 150, 155, 298
x. 22, 40-42 58
x. 24-39 159
x. 25 161, 262
x. 29 265
x. 30 264
x. 31-39 160
x. 32 233
x. 34 261
x. 36 263
x. 39 156
x. 40 154, 155, 301
x. 40-42 153, 160
xi. 1-7 155
xi. 1-46 153, 161
xi. 4 263
xi. 6 161
xi. 34 243, 258
xi. 41f. 161, 265
xi. 47-50 193
xi. 47-54 153, 161
xi. 54 155, 162, 300
xi. 55 to xii. 11 166
xi. 55 to xix. 42 104
xii. 1 46, 102, 163, 301
xii. 1 to xxi. 25 39
xii. 2 169
xii. 4-8 301
xii. 6 178
xii. 7 169
xii. 12f. 170
xii. 12-19 166
xii. 20-36 166, 176, 302
xii. 23-36 168
xii. 36^b(-50) 166
xii. 37-43 32
xiii. 1 181, 303
xiii. 1-15 234, 304
xiii. 1-30 167
xiii. 21-30 184
xiii. 23-26 185
xiii. 29 178, 303
xiii. 31 to xvi. 33 32, 167, 305
xiii. 32f. 305
xiii. 36-38 305
xiv. 6-11 264
xiv. 10 161, 265
xiv. 28 265
xiv. 30f. 32
xv. 32, 167, 305
xv. 1 262
xvi. 32, 167, 305
xvi. 25 264
xvii. 1-26 167
xvii. 21 264
xviii. 1 167
xviii. 1-12 167
xviii. 8 190
xviii. 11^b 189
xviii. 12-27 167
xviii. 15 193
xviii. 28 182, 303
xviii. 28 to xix. 16 167
xviii. 31 192
xviii. 33, 36f. 254
xix. 7-12 192
xix. 12-16 193
xix. 14 606
xix. 16-37 167
xix. 19-22 198
xix. 25 97
xix. 26 97
xix. 26f. 197, 306
xix. 28 197, 306
xix. 30 197, 306
xix. 31 182, 199, 303
xix. 31-37 198
xix. 38 34
xix. 38-42 167
xix. 39 111
xix. 42 303
xx. 1-10 201
xx. 2 206
xx. 5-8 43
xx. 8 203
xx. 9 200
xx. 9f., 24f. 93, 94
xx. 14-18 201
xx. 17 209, 214
xx 19-25 201
xx. 21 23
xx. 26-29 201
xx. 30 49
xx. 30f. 32, 107
xxi. 206
xxi. 2 92
xxi. 1-24 201
xxi. 3-14 293
xxi. 25 39
Acts.
i. 1-11 214
i. 1-12 201
i. 14 97
ii. 36 202
v. 36 89
v. 37 53
vii. 56 254
xvii. 31 202
xix. 1-7 80
xx. 35 36
xxi. 38 89
xxiii. 8 302
Rom.
i. 3 21
i. 4 202
v. 19 21
ix. 5 21
xv. 3 21
I. Cor.
i. 23 190
v. 7 183
ix. 1 202
x. 16 304
xv. 202
xv. 3-8 21, 105, 204
xv. 4 204, 213
xv. 5 201
xv. 6 201
xv. 6f. 162
xv. 7 201
II. Cor.
v. 21 83
viii. 9 21
x. l 21
xii. 212
Gal.
iii. 13 190
Phil.
ii. 5-11 21, 269
ii. 7f. 190, 285
ii. 8 196
II. Tim.
iii. 15 63
Heb.
ii. 17 61
ii. 17f. 64
ii. 18 87
iv. 15 61, 63, 67
v. 7 147
v. 7-9 87
vii. 26 57
xii. 2 190
xii. 13 190
I. Pet.
ii. 22 83
End of Project Gutenberg's The Life of Jesus of Nazareth, by Rush Rhees