+----------------------+-------------+--_The History of Currency, 1252 to 1896

| +-------------+ | | Mark.+----------+

+----------------------+-------------+--------------+------------+------+----------+

| |Liv.Sol. Den.| | | | S. D. |

|1226 (S. Louis) | ... | Agnel |Fine gold |59-1/6| 12 6 |

|1295 (Philippe le Bel)| ... | Gros royal | ... | ... | 25 0 |

|1305 | 44 0 0| Petit royal |Fine gold[G]|70 | 13 9 |

|1308, April 16 | 44 0 0| Chaise | ... | ... | 25 0 |

|1310, August 12 | 49 10 0| Masse | 22 carat |34-1/2| 30 0 |

|1310, January 22 | 55 11 9| Agnelet | Fine gold |59-1/6| 20 0 |

|1312, August 24 | 55 10 4| ... | ... | ... | 15 0 |

| August 25 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 20 0 |

|1314, November 29 | 55 10 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1315, May 6 | ... | Agnelet | Fine gold |59-1/6| 20 0 |

| " January 15 | 45 0 0| ... | ... | ... | 15 0 |

| le Long), Easter | 38 0 0| ... | ... | ... | 12 6 |

| December 8 | 55 10 0| Agnelet | Fine gold |59-1/6| 20 0 |

| February 20 | 58 0 0| Agnel[H] | " |59-1/6| 20 0 |

|1322, October 15 | 53 6 9| ... | ... | ... | 18 9 |

|1325, February 16 | 67 10 0| Royal double | Fine gold | 58 | 25 0 |

| Dec. 26 | ... | Parisis | " |33-2/5| 37 6 |

| ... | ... | Royal double | " | 58 | 22 6 |

| monnaie) | 41 13 0| Parisis | " |33-2/5| 25 0 |

| | ... | Royal double | ... | ... | 15 0 |

| | ... | Agnel | ... | ... | 14 7 |

|1331, January 9 | 39 0 0| Royal | ... | ... | 22 6 |

|1332, April 19 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 15 0 |

|1336, February 1 | 50 0 0| Ecu | Fine gold | 54 | 20 0 |

|1338, November 14 | 58 0 0| Lion | " | 50 | 25 0 |

|1339, May 25 | 61 10 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " June 14 | 66 0 0| Pavillon | Fine gold | 48 | 30 0 |

| " August 10 | 69 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " June 20 | 71 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " February 7 | 82 0 0| Couronne | Fine gold | 45 | 40 0 |

| " February 15 | 86 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1340, April 16 | 96 0 0| Double | Fine gold | 36 | 60 0 |

| ... | ... | Simple | " | 72 | 30 0 |

| " May 27 |100 0 0| Doubles | 23 carat | 30 | 60 0 |

| " October 7 |108 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 31 |114 14 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " February 7 |115 0 0| Anges |Fine gold |33-2/5| 75 0 |

| ... | ... | Demi anges | ... |67-1/3| ... |

|1341, August 23 |130 0 0| Anges |Fine gold |38-1/3| 75 0 |

|1341, January 19 |136 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1342, June 28 |168 0 0| ... | ... | 42 | 85 0 |

|1342, September 16 |171 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1342, April 10 |117 0 0| Ecu |Fine gold | 54 | ... |

|1343, September 22 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 45 0 |

| (Forte monnaie) | 43 6 8| ... | ... | ... | 16 8 |

|1344, March 27 | 44 3 9| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1346, July 17 | 50 0 0| Chaises |Fine gold | 52 | 20 0 |

|1346, February 24 | 72 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1346, March 4 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 30 0 |

|1347, April 6 | 75 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1347, April 14 | 44 3 4| Ecu |Fine gold | 54 | 16 8 |

|1347, September 27 | 75 0 0| Chaises |Fine gold | 52 | 30 0 |

|1347, January 11 | 51 10 0| Ecu |23 carat | 54 | 18 9 |

|1348, August 30 | ... | ... |22-3/4 carat| ... | 20 0 |

|1348, March 12 | 51 15 3| ... |22 carat | ... | 25 0 |

|1349, May 23 | 52 1 6| ... |21 carat | ... | 25 0 |

|1349, December 5 | 53 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| (forte monnaie) | ... | ... | ... | ... | 20 0 |

| (John I.) | 53 18 9| Ecu |21 carat | 54 | 18 9 |

|1351, June 20 | 54 17 6| ... |20-1/2 carat| ... | ... |

|1351, July 23 | ... | ... |20 carat | ... | ... |

|1351, August 18 | 96 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1351, August 20 | ... | Fleur de Lys |Fine gold | 50 | 40 0 |

|1351, September 17 | 56 5 0| Ecu |20 carat | 54 | 18 9 |

|1351, September 24 | 58 2 6| ... |18 carat | ... | ... |

|1351, November 20 | 60 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| (forte monnaie) | ... | ... | ... | ... | 15 0 |

|1352, April 21 | 60 18 9| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1352, May 18 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 20 0 |

|1352, January 18 | 60 17 6| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1352, February 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 37 6 |

|1353, May 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 40 0 |

| (forte monnaie) | 62 16 4| ... | ... | ... | 15 0 |

|1354, November 24 | 60 0 0| Moutons |Fine gold | 52 | 25 0 |

|1355, June 3 | 61 5 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1355, June 19 | 62 10 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| (forte monnaie) | ... | Moutons | ... | ... | 25 0 |

|1356, November 25 | ... | Moutons | ... | ... | 30 0 |

| " January 25 | 63 2 6| " | ... | ... | 25 0 |

|1357, June 15 | ... |Petits moutons|Fine gold | 104 | 12 6 |

|1358, August 31 | 78 15 0| Royal | " | 66 | 25 0 |

| " April 20 | 80 12 6| " | " | 69 | 25 0 |

| (forte monnaie) | ... | " | ... | ... | 40 0 |

| (forte monnaie) | 60 0 0| Franc |Fine gold | 63 | 20 0 |

|1361, April 23 | 60 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1363, July 29 | 61 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| May 3 | 62 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1364, August 5 | ... | Royal |Fine gold | 63 | 20 0 |

| " September 10 | ... | Franc | " | 63 | 20 0 |

|1365, May 5 | 62 10 0| Fleur de Lis | " | 64 | 20 0 |

| April 25 | 60 10 0| " | " | 64 | 20 0 |

|1384, March 18 | 65 10 0| Ecu a la | ... | 60 | 22 0 |

|1386, August 31 | 66 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1387, February 28 | 66 10 0| ... | ... |61-1/3| 22 6 |

|1391, April 8 | 67 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1392, " 1 | 67 10 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1394, September 5 | 68 5 0| ... | ... | 62 | 22 6 |

|1405, August 8 | 68 15 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1407, February 11 | 68 5 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1411, November 7 | 70 0 0| ... | ... | 64 | 22 6 |

| " February 12 | ... | ... |23-11/28 | ... | ... |

| " March 5 | 70 15 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1414, September 6 | 72 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1417, May 17 | 92 0 0| Moutons |23 carat | 96 | 20 0 |

| " October 21 | 96 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " " 28 | ... | ... |22 carat | 96 | 20 0 |

| " December 9 | 92 0 0| Ecu heaume | " | 48 | 40 0 |

|1418, July 2 | 94 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " March 7 |150 0 0| Ecu a la |23 carat | 64 | 50 0 |

|1419, June 18 |144 0 0| Moutons | ... | 96 | 30 0 |

| " October 24 | ... | Chaises |Fine gold | 40 | 80 0 |

| " February 26 |171 13 4| Ecu a la | ... | 67 | 50 0 |

| ... | ... | Moutons | ... | ... | 26 8 |

| | | | | | Par. |

|1420, October 27 | ... | Doubles |22-1/4 carat| 40 | 80 0 |

| April 26 | 72 0 0| Ecu a la |Fine gold | 66 | 22 6 |

| " November 8 | 76 5 0| Saluts | " | 63 | 25 0 |

| | | couronne |22-1/2 carat| 64 | 25 0 |

|1423, May 22 | 84 0 0| ... |Fine gold | 68 | 25 0 |

| " January 28 | ... | Moutons |22 carat | 96 | 20 0 |

| | | cheval |Fine gold | 80 | 20 0 |

| " July 1 | 79 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| | | couronne |23 carat | 67 | 22 6 |

| " September 2 | 87 0 0| ... | ... | 70 | 25 0 |

| " November 3 | ... | Moutons |22 carat | 96 | 15 0 |

| | | couronne |23 " | 64 | 25 0 |

| " January 12 | 87 10 0| ... | ... | 70 | ... |

|1426, August 27 |105 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " September 11 |108 0 0| ... |22 carat | 70 | 30 0 |

| " October 12 | ... | ... | ... | 72 | ... |

| " January 9 | 90 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 17 | ... | ... |23 carat | 67 | 22 6 |

| " March 19 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 25 0 |

|1427, May 27 | 72 0 0| ... | ... | ... | 20 0 |

| " July 19 | ... | ... |21 carat | 72 | 25 0 |

| " August 28 | 90 0 0| ... |22 " | 70 | 25 0 |

| " October 15 | ... | Moutons |20 " | 96 | 15 0 |

| | | couronne |20 " | 70 | 20 0 |

| " February 21 | 92 10 0| ... |21 " | ... | 20 0 |

|1428, July 31 | 97 10 0| ... |20 " | ... | 25 0 |

| " October 26 | ... | Moutons |19 " | 96 | 15 0 |

| | | couronne |18 " | 70 | 20 0 |

| " March 2 |105 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1429, June 17 | ... | ... |16 carat | ... | 25 0 |

| (forte monnaie) | 77 10 0| Royal |Fine gold | 64 | 25 0 |

| | | couronne |22 carat |67-1/2| 22 6 |

|1430, July 7 | 97 0 0| Chaises |16 " | 68 | 20 0 |

| | | couronne |22 " | 64 | 22 6 |

|1431, May 30 | 77 10 0| Royal |Fine gold | 64 | 25 0 |

| " September 27 |102 0 0| ... | ... | 70 | 30 0 |

| " February 9 | ... | ... | ... | 64 | 25 0 |

| | | couronne |20 carat |67-1/2| 22 6 |

|1432, January 16 | 78 15 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " December 31 | ... | Royal |Fine gold | 64 | 25 0 |

|1435, October 14 |103 10 0| Ecu a la | " | 70 | 30 0 |

| " February 21 | 86 5 0| ... | ... | ... | 25 0 |

|1437, September 1 | 87 10 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " November 22 | 92 10 0| ... |21 carat | 70 | 25 0 |

|1438, April 30 | 86 5 0| ... |Fine gold | 70 | 25 0 |

|1443, November 19 | 87 3 6| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1444, December 17 | 87 10 0| ... |23-1/4 carat| 70 | 25 0 |

|1445, September 24 | 88 7 6| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1446, June 1 | 88 2 6| Ecu a la |23-3/4 carat|70-1/2| 25 0 |

| " January 21 | 97 15 0| ... |23-1/2 " | ... | 27 6 |

|1447, July 27 | 97 5 7-1/2| ... |23-1/4 " | ... | ... |

| " October 27 | 97 15 0| ... |23-1/2 " | ... | ... |

|1450, June 15 | 99 0 0| ... |23-1/8 " | ... | ... |

| " February 3 | 99 5 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1454, May 18 | 99 10 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1456, June 26 |100 0 0| ... | ... | 71 | ... |

| March 12 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 28 4 |

|1473, June 18 |103 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 8 |110 0 0| ... | ... | 72 | 30 3 |

|1475, November 2 |118 10 0| Ecu au soleil|23-1/8 carat| 70 | 33 0 |

|1487 (Charles VII.), | ... | Ecu a la | ... | ... | 35 0 |

| ... | ... | Ecu au soleil| ... | ... | 36 3 |

|1488, April 24 |130 3 4| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| April 7 |130 3 4| Ecu au soleil| ... | ... | 36 3 |

|1507, November 24 | ... | Ecu au porc | ... | ... | 36 3 |

| | | epi | | | |

| January 1 | ... | Ecu au soleil| ... | ... | 36 3 |

|1516, November 27 | ... | " | ... | ... | 40 0 |

| ... | ... | Ecu a la | ... | ... | 39 0 |

|1517, May 25 | ... | Ecu au soleil| ... | ... | 36 3 |

|1519, June 10 |147 0 0| ... |22-7/8 carat|71-1/2| 40 0 |

| " August 18 | ... | ... |23 " |71-1/6| 40 0 |

|1532, March 5 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 45 0 |

|1539, February 24 | ... | Ecu a la |23 carat |71-1/6| 45 0 |

|1540, May 18 |165 7 6| Ecu a la | ... | ... | 45 0 |

| January 23 |172 0 0| Henris |23 carat | 67 | 50 0 |

| August 30 |185 0 0| Ecu au soleil|23 carat |72-1/2| 50 0 |

|1569, November 23 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 53 0 |

|1570, August 30 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 54 0 |

|1572, July 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 52 0 |

|1573, June 9 |200 0 0| ... | ... | ... | 54 0 |

| September 22 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 58 0 |

|1575, June 17 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 60 0 |

| " May 31 |222 0 0| ... | ... | ... | 60 0 |

| " June 15 |222 0 0| Ecu au soleil|23 carat |72-1/2| 65 0 |

| " November 20 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 60 0 |

| September |240 10 0| ... | ... | ... | 65 0 |

| February 5 |278 6 6| ... | ... | ... | 75 0 |

|1630, February | ... | ... | ... | ... | 80 0 |

|1631, August | ... | ... | ... | ... | 83 0 |

|1633, July | ... | ... | ... | ... | 86 0 |

|1636, March 5 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 94 0 |

| " May 8 |320 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " June 28 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 104 0 |

| " September 22 |384 0 0| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1640, April 3 | ... | Louis d'or |22 carat |36-1/4| 200 0 |

| April 4 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 220 0 |

|1655, December 23 | ... | Louis d'or |23-1/4 carat|60-1/2| 140 0 |

|1662, July 7 |423 10 11| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1679, April 10 |437 9 8-1/2| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1686, July 29 |437 7 5| Louis d'or | ... | ... | 230 0 |

|1687, October 27 |447 7 2| ... | ... | ... | 225 0 |

|1689, December 10 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 232 0 |

| | ... | Ecu d'or | ... | ... | 120 0 |

|1693 |514-1/11 0 0| Louis d'or | ... | ... | 260 0 |

|1703 |584-1/4 0 0| " | ... | ... | 300 0 |

|1708 | ... | " | ... | ... | 255 0 |

|1709, April |576 0 0| " |22 carat | 32 | 330 0 |

| " May |654-6/11 0 0| " | ... | 30 | 400 0 |

|1713, September 30 | ... | " | ... | ... | 280 0 |

| " December | ... | " | ... | ... | 400 0 |

|1716, November | ... | ... |22 carat | 22 | ... |

|1718, May | ... | Louis d'or | " | 25 | ... |

|1719, July 25 |927-3/11 0 0| " | ... | ... | 680 0 |

| ... |1008 15 0 |Quinzains d'or| ... | ... | 300 0 |

|1720, March 5 | ... | Louis d'or | ... | ... | 800 0 |

| | | (of 1709) | | | |

|1720, March 11 |1963-7/11 0 0| Louis d'or | ... | ... |1200 0 |

| " September |1472-8/11 0 0| " | ... | ... | 900 0 |

| ... | ... | " | ... | 25 |1000 0 |

|1721, January 1 | ... | " | ... | ... | 900 0 |

|1723 | ... | " | ... |37-1/2| 540 0 |

|1726 | ... | " | ... | ... | 240 0 |

| " (Recoinage) | 678 15 0| " |22 carat | 30 | 400 0 |

| " May | 740 9 1| " |Raised 20 | ... | 480 0 |

| ... | ... | Ecu | ... | ... | 120 0 |

| (recoinage) | 828 12 0| Louis d'or |22 carat | 32 | 480 0 |

|1803, March 28 |3444-4/9 | 40 and |Issue price | ... | ... |

| | fcs. per | | and 3091 | | |

|1830 November 8 | ... | 100 and | ... | ... | ... |

|1850 | ... |10-franc piece| ... | ... | ... |

|1835, February 25 |Mint change | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " June 30 |Issue price | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| |3434-4/9 fcs.| | | | |

| |to 3437-7/9 | | | | |

| |fcs. | | | | |

+----------------------+-------------+--------------+------------+------+----------+

[Footnote G: See De Saulcy, _Documents_, i. 73, where it is stated that

the fineness of these pieces was occasionally below 20 carats.]

[Footnote H: 1 Edward III. 4496 florins of the lamb worth 3s. 10-1/2d. a

piece = L871, 2s. sterling (Exchequer Q.R. Ancient Miscellanea, 624/3.

Expenses of Adam, bishop of Worcester, going to Rome).]

TABLE OF FRENCH SILVER COINS.

(_From the same sources, extended as above, p. 408._)

+----------------------+----------+---------------+-----------+---------+---------+

+----------------------+----------+---------------+-----------+---------+---------+

| | Sol. | | | | |

|1144 | 0 40 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1158 | 0 53 4 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1207 | 0 50 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1222 | 0 50 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1226 | 0 54 7 |Gros Tournois | 11 12 | 58 | 0 12 |

|1283 | 0 54 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1285 | 0 54 6 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1293 | 0 61 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1295 | ... |Petits Tournois| 9 12 | 116 | 0 6 |

|1296, May 20 | 3 8 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1297, July 4 | 3 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1298, May 25 | 3 15 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1299, June 7 | 3 18 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1302, April 23 | 4 8 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " February 2 | 5 4 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1303, August 15 | 6 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1304, May 7 | 6 5 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " June 25 | 6 14 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " September 8 | 6 15 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " December 13 | 7 5 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " March 1 | 7 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1305, April 18 | 8 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1306, October 1 | 2 15 6 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1308, April 16 | 2 19 0 |Gros Tournois | 11 12 | 58 | 0 12 |

|1310, January 20 | 3 7 6 |Bourgeois Forte| 6 0 | 189 | 0 2 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

|1311, July 8 | 3 5 1-1/2|Bourgeois | 6 0 | 378 | 0 1 |

| | | Singles | | | (Par.)|

|1313, June | ... | ... | ... | ... | 0 1 |

| " September 19 | 2 14 7 |Gros Tournois | 11 12 | 58 | 0 12 |

| | | | | | |

| ... | ... |Denier Tournois| 3 18 | 220 | 0 1 |

| | | | | | |

| ... | ... |Denier Parisis | 4 12 | 221 | 0 1 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

|1314, November 29 | 2 4 7 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1315, May 6 | ... |Denier Parisis | 4 12 | 221 | 0 1 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

| " January 15 | 2 4 0 |Denier Tournois| 3 18 | 220 | 0 1 |

|1317, March 1 | 3 7 6 |Gros Tournois | 11 12 | 59-1/6 | 1 3 |

| ... | ... |Denier Parisis | 4 12 | 282 | 0 1 |

|1321, February 20 | 3 7 6 |Gros Tournois | 11 12 | 59-1/6 | 1 3 |

|1322, October 15 | 3 8 9 |Denier Parisis | 3 18 | 218 | ... |

| " March 2 | 4 0 0 |Obole Blanche | 10 0 | 118 | 0 6 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

|1326, July 24 | 4 10 0 | ... | 9 0 | 135 | 0 8 |

| " January 20 | 5 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1327, " 8 | 5 8 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1328, November 7 | 5 11 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1329, December 26 | 4 4 0 |Gros Tournois | ... | ... | 1 6 |

|1330, April 8 | 2 18 0 | " | 11 12 | 60 | 1 0 |

| ... | ... |Gros Parisis | 11 12 | 48 | 1 0 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

|1331, January 9 | 2 17 6 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1333, June 12 | 2 15 6 |Denier Parisis | 4 4 | 138-1/2 | ... |

|1336, February 13 | 3 12 6 |Gros a la | 10 16 | 96 | 1 10 |

|1338, November 14 | 4 12 0 | " | 8 0 | 96 | 0 10 |

| " January 3 | 5 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1339, August 19 | 5 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " February 5 | 6 15 0 | ... | 7 0 | 105 | 0 10 |

| " April 6 | ... | ... | 6 0 | 108 | 0 10 |

|1340, August 1 | 7 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " December 4 | 7 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 27 | 8 14 0 |Gros a la Fleur| 6 0 | 84 | 1 3 |

| " February 8 | 9 4 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " " 13 | 9 12 0 | ... | 6 0 | 95 | 1 3 |

|1342, June 30 |12 10 0 | ... | 6 0 | 120 | 1 3 |

| " September 7 |13 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1343, April 9 |13 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " September 22 | 9 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| ... | ... |Gros Tournois | 11 12 | 60 | 3 9 |

| " October 26 | 3 4 0 | ... | ... | ... | 1 3 |

|1344, February 16 | 3 8 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1345, April 9 | 3 10 6 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1346, July 17 | 4 10 0 |Double Parisis | 3 18 | 180 | 0 2 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

|1346, January 27 | 5 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " February 24 | 6 15 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " March 3 | ... | ... | 3 0 | 216 | 0 2 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

|1347, July 21 | 7 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 11 | 4 16 0 |Double Tournois| 3 8 | 183-1/3 | 0 2 |

|1348, August 31 | 5 0 0 | ... | 3 1-1/3| 183-1/3 | 0 2 |

| " December 31 | 6 0 0 | ... | 2 12 | 200 | 0 2 |

|1349, May 12 | 6 13 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " August 7 | 6 15 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " December 5 | 7 7 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 20 | 7 15 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1350, April 23 | 5 0 0 |Double Parisis | 3 12 | 168 | 0 2 |

| (forte monnaie) | | | | | (Par.)|

| " August 23 | 5 5 0 | " | 2 8 | 168 | 0 2 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

| " October 26 | 5 12 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " February 5 | 6 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " March 6 | 6 8 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1351, May 17 | 6 18 0 |Blancs | 4 12 | 144 | 0 6 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

| " June 23 | 7 8 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " August 18 | 8 15 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " September 12 |10 0 0 |Blancs | 4 0 | 144 | 0 6 |

| | | | | | (Par.)|

| " October 10 |10 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " December 16 |11 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 25 |12 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " February 4 |14 12 0 |Gros Tour. | 4 8 | 87-1/4 | 0 8 |

| " March 27 | 5 6 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1352, June 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " July 24 | 6 2 0 | ... | 4 0 | 100 | 0 8 |

| " August 16 | 6 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " October 24 | 6 18 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " November 25 | 8 0 0 | ... | 4 0 | 120 | 0 8 |

| " December 31 | 9 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " February 6 |10 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1353, April 22 |12 0 0 | ... | 3 12 | 140 | 0 8 |

| " July 30 |12 15 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1353, August 2 |13 15 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " October 26 | 4 15 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " November 27 | ... | ... | 3 8-4/5| 65 | 0 8 |

| " February 5 | 5 7 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " " 17 | 5 17 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1354, April 26 | 6 15 0 | ... | ... | 96 | 0 8 |

| " May 28 | 9 12 0 | ... | 3 0 | 120 | 0 8 |

| " July 5 |10 12 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " September 7 |12 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " November 24 | 4 4 0 |Blanc a la | 3 8 | 80 | 0 5 |

| " January 23 | 4 16 0 | ... | 2 12 | ... | ... |

| " April 4 | 5 6 0 | ... | 3 0 | 120 | ... |

|1355, May 20 | 6 10 0 | ... | 2 12 | ... | ... |

| " July 6 | 7 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " " 17 |10 0 0 |Blancs a la | 3 9 | 72 | 1 3 |

| " August 22 | ... | ... | 3 0 | ... | ... |

| " August 26 |11 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " September 28 |12 10 0 | ... | 3 0 | 80 | ... |

| " October 9 |14 0 0 | ... | 3 0 | 100 | ... |

| " November 10 |16 0 0 | ... | 2 12 | 100 | ... |

| " December 15 |18 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 3 | 5 5 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 5 | ... |Blanc a la | 8 0 | 96 | 0 10 |

| " " 16 | ... |Blanc a la | 4 0 | 60 | 0 8 |

|1356, August 3 |6 10 0 | ... | 3 0 | 90 | ... |

| " September 19 |7 5 0 | ... | 3 0 | 112-1/2 | ... |

| " October 28 |8 17 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " November 23 |7 8 0 |Gros | 6 0 | 80 | 1 0 |

| " " 28 |7 8 0 |Gros Blancs | 4 0 | 80 | 1 0 |

| " February 7 | ... | ... | 3 0 | 112-1/2 | 1 0 |

| " March 26 |6 10 0 |Gros a la | 5 0 | 70 | 0 10 |

|1357, January 23 |8 10 0 |Blanc a la | 4 0 | 60 | 1 3 |

|1358, May 9 |10 0 0 | ... | 3 8 | ... | ... |

| " July 1 |12 0 0 | ... | 3 0 | 64 | ... |

| " August 8 |13 10 0 | ... | 3 0 | 96 | ... |

|1358, August 30 | 6 15 0 |Blancs a la | 4 0 | 53-1/3 | 1 0 |

| " November 13 | 7 0 0 | | | 75 | |

| " " 22 | 8 0 0 | | 3 0 | 75 | |

| " December 3 | 8 12 0 | | | | |

| " " 9 | 9 10 0 | | | | |

| " February 22 | 7 0 0 | | 3 0 | 90 | 0 6 |

| " " 27 | | | 3 0 | 100 | |

|1359, April 20 | 7 10 0 | | 3 0 | 120 | |

| " May 28 |11 10 0 | | 2 12 | 150 | |

| | |Gros Blancs | 3 0 | 72 | 1 3 |

| " June 5 | 9 0 0 |Blancs aux | 3 12 | 70 | 1 3 |

| " June 12 | | | 3 0 | | |

| " " 12 | | | 2 15 | | |

| " " 31 |16 4 0 | | 2 12 | 80 | |

| " September 18 |22 13 0 | | 2 6 | 90 | |

| " October 5 | | | | 112-1/2 | |

| " " 22 |29 8 0 | | 2 0 | 120 | |

| " November 27 |12 0 0 |Gros a | 4 0 | 48 | 2 6 |

| " December 5 |15 0 0 | | 3 0 | | |

| " " 19 |18 9 0 | | | | |

| " " 31 |23 12 6 | | | | |

| " January 2 |24 12 6 | | 2 12 | 60 | |

| " " 22 |34 12 6 | | 2 0 | 72 | |

| " February 17 | | | | 80 | |

| " " 27 |53 17 6 | | | 100 | |

| " March 4 |77 16 0 | | 1 12 | 100 | |

| " " 21 |102 0 0 | | | 125 | |

| " " 31 |11 0 0 |Gros | 4 0 | 64 | |

|1360, April 27 | | | 3 0 | | |

| " May 4 | | | 2 12 | | |

| " " 26 | | | 2 0 | | |

| " June 2 | 7 0 0 |Blancs a la | 2 0 | 64 | 0 6 |

| " " 27 | | | | 80 | 0 7-1/2|

| " " 28 | 9 0 0 | | 1 12 | 80 | |

| " " 29 |10 10 0 | | | | |

| " August 7 |15 0 0 | | | 100 | |

| " " 18 |17 0 0 | | | 120 | |

| " " 22 |18 10 0 | | | | |

| " September 7 | 7 0 0 |Blanc a la | 4 0 | 66 | 0 10 |

|1360, October 22 | ... | ... | 2 12 | ... | ... |

| " November 13 | 8 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " " 19 | 9 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 12 | 5 8 0 |Blanc a la | 4 12 | 54 | 0 10 |

|1361, April 3 | 5 0 0 |Gros Tournois | 11 12 | 84 | 1 3 |

|1364, May 3 | 5 0 0 |Gros d'argent | 11 12 | 84 | 1 3 |

|1365, May 2 | 5 5 0 |Blanc | 4 0 | 96 | 0 5 |

|1370, June 19 | 5 15 0 |Gros d'argent | 11 3-1/4 | 96 | 1 3 |

|1372, August 9 | 5 16 0 | ... | 11 17 | ... | ... |

|1374, " 12 | ... | ... | 11 6 | ... | ... |

|1378, " 19 | ... | ... | 11 17 | ... | ... |

|1381, April 16 | 5 8 0 |Gros d'argent | 11 6 | 96 | 1 3 |

| " August 15 | 5 16 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1384, March 22 | ... |Blanc a l'ecu | 6 0 | 75 | 0 10 |

|1386, October 31 | ... | ... | 5 12 | 74-1/2 | ... |

|1389, " 30 | 5 18 0 | ... | 5 12 | ... | ... |

| " July 4 | 6 3 9 | ... | 5 12 | ... | 1 0 |

|1391, April 8 | 6 5 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1399, November 27 | 6 8 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1401, July 26 | ... |Gros | 9 0 | 81 | 1 3 |

|1405, " 6 | 6 12 6 |Blanc a l'ecu | 5 6 | 76-1/2 | 0 10 |

|1411, November 5 | 6 15 0 | ... | 5 0 | 80 | ... |

|1413, July 12 | 7 0 0 |Gros d'argent | 11 16 | 84-7/12 | 1 8 |

|1414, June 26 | 7 2 0 |Blanc a l'ecu | 5 0 | 80 | 0 10 |

|1417, May 17 | 8 0 0 |Gros | 8 0 | 80 | 1 8 |

| " October 21 | 9 0 0 | ... | 5 8 | ... | ... |

|1418, May 28 | 9 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 19 | 10 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " March | 14 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " " 7 | 16 10 0 | ... | 3 8 | ... | ... |

|1419, February 17 | ... |Blanc | 2 0 | 168 | 0 5 |

|1420, April 9 | 18 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " May 8 | 26 0 0 |Gros | 2 12 | 100 | 1 8 |

| " February 11 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1421, April 26 | 7 0 0 |Gros d'argent | 11 12 | 86-1/4 | 1 8 |

|1422, October 30 | 7 10 0 |Blanc | 4 12 | 90 | 0 10 |

|1423, December 31 | 7 0 0 | ... | 5 0 | 80 | ... |

| " March 10 | ... | ... | 6 0 | 90 | ... |

|1424, " 17 | ... |Blanc | 5 0 | 80 | 0 10 |

|1425, June 9 | 6 5 0 |Gros | 8 0 | 90 | 1 0 |

|1425, August 17 | 7 0 0 | Blanc | 4 0 | 128 | 0 5 |

| " January 23 | 7 10 0 | Grand Blanc | 9 0 | 96 | 1 3 |

| " March 16 | 7 5 0 | Blanc | 5 0 | 80 | 0 10 |

|1426, May 28 | 8 10 0 | ... | 4 0 | ... | ... |

| " August 20 | 9 10 0 | ... | 3 8 | ... | ... |

| " November 19 | 11 0 0 | ... | 3 0 | 81 | ... |

| " January 11 | 7 0 0 | ... | 4 12 | 72 | ... |

|1427, August 26 | 8 0 0 | ... | 4 0 | 80 | ... |

| " October 4 | 8 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1428, July 31 | 11 0 0 | ... | 3 0 | 81 | ... |

| " January 24 | 13 10 0 | ... | 2 8 | 84 | ... |

| " March 2 | 15 0 0 | ... | 2 0 | ... | ... |

|1429, May 4 | ... | ... | 1 18 | ... | ... |

| " June 10 | 20 0 0 | ... | 1 12 | ... | ... |

| " November 5 | 7 0 0 | ... | 5 0 | 80 | 0 8 |

| " January 16 | 7 0 0 | ... | 5 0 | 80 | 0 10 |

|1430, December 22 | 6 15 0 | Gros | 11 12 | 120-3/4 | 1 3 |

|1431, January 9 | 7 5 0 | Blancs | 5 0 | 80 | 0 10 |

|1432, April 11 | 9 6 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " August 22 | 9 10 2 | Gros | 4 18 | 68 | 1 2 |

| " September 29 | 9 16 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " January 16 | 7 5 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1434, May 28 | ... | Petit blanc | 4 0 | 128 | 0 5 |

|1435, September 22 | 9 0 0 | Blanc | 4 0 | 80 | 0 10 |

| " February 21 | 7 0 0 | ... | 5 0 | ... | ... |

|1436, May 24 | ... | Blanc a l'ecu | 5 0 | ... | ... |

| " April 21 | 7 8 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1437, November 27 | 9 0 0 | ... | 3 8 | ... | ... |

| " April 3 | 7 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1440 | 7 8 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1441 | 7 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1447, July 7 | 8 0 0 | Blanc a l'ecu | 4 21 | 82-3/4 | 0 10 |

| " " 27 | 8 10 0 | Gros d'argent | 11 15 | 68 | 2 6 |

| ... | 7 10 0 | Blanc | 5 0 | 90 | 0 10 |

|1456, June 26 | 8 10 0 | " | 4 12 | 81 | 0 10 |

| ... | 8 15 0 | Gros d'argent | 11 12 | 69 | 2 6 |

|1465, July | ... | ... | ... | 69-5/6 | |

| ... | 8 10 0 | Blanc | 4 12 | 81 | 0 10 |

|1473, January 8 | 10 0 0 | ... | ... | 86 | 0 11 |

| ... | ... | Gros d'argent | 11 12 | 69 | 2 9 |

|1475, November 2 | ... |Blanc au soleil| 4 12 | 78-1/2 | 1 0 |

|1488, April 24 | 11 0 0 |Blanc au soleil| 4 12 | 78-1/2 | 1 1 |

|1497, " 7 | 11 0 0 |Blanc a la | 4 12 | 86 | 1 0 |

|1513, " 6 | 12 10 0 |Testoons | 11 18 | 25-1/2 | 10 0 |

|1514, January 1 | 11 0 0 |Blancs | 4 12 | 86 | 1 0 |

| " February 17 | 12 15 0 |Testoons | 11 18 | 25-1/2 | 10 0 |

|1519, June 10 | 12 10 0 |Blancs a la | 4 6 | 92-1/2 | 1 0 |

|1521, September 20 | 13 5 0 |Testoons | 11 6 | 25-1/2 | 10 0 |

|1532, March 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 10 6 |

|1539, February 24 | 12 10 0 |Blanc a la | 4 6 | 92-1/2 | 1 0 |

|1540, May 18 | 14 0 0 |Testoons | ... | ... | 10 8 |

|1541, " 4 | ... |Douzains a | 3 16 | 91-1/4 | 1 0 |

|1547, March 31 | ... |Douzains | ... | 91-1/2 | 1 0 |

|1549, October 25 | 14 10 0 |Testoons | ... | ... | 11 0 |

| " January 23 | 15 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | 11 4 |

|1550, April 20 | 14 5 0 |Douzains | 3 12 | 93-1/2 | 1 0 |

|1561, August 30 | 15 15 0 |Testoons | 10 18-3/4 | 25-1/2 | 12 0 |

|1572, June 13 | ... |Douzains | 3 12 | 102 | 1 0 |

|1573, " 9 | 17 0 0 |Testoons | ... | ... | 13 0 |

|1575, " 17 | ... | " | ... | ... | 14 6 |

| " May 31 | 19 0 0 |Francs |10 10-10/23| 17-1/4 | 20 0 |

| " " | 17 15 0 |Douzains | 3 0 | 102 | 1 0 |

|1577, June 15 | ... |Testoons | ... | ... | 16 0 |

| " November 20 | ... | " | ... | ... | 14 6 |

|1580, October 17 | 19 0 0 |Quart d'ecu | 11 0 | 25-1/3 | 15 0 |

|1602, September | 20 5 4 | " | ... | ... | 16 0 |

| " " | ... |Franc | ... | ... | 21 4 |

| " " | ... |Testoons | ... | ... | 15 0 |

|1636, May 8 | 23 10 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

| " June 28 | ... |Franc | ... | ... | 27 0 |

| " September 22 | 25 0 0 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1641, November 18 | 26 10 0 |Louis | 11 0 | 8-11/12 | 60 0 |

|1652, April 4 | ... | " | ... | ... | 66 0 |

|1655, December 23 | ... | " | 11 12 | 30-1/2 | 20 0 |

|1679, April 10 | 29 11 0 | " | ... | ... | 60 0 |

|1689, December 10 | ... | " | ... | ... | 62 0 |

| " " | ... |Recoinage | ... | ... | 66 0 |

|1693, " | 33 16 0 |Louis | ... | ... | 68 0 |

|1703, December 10 |38-10/11 | | | | |

| | 0 0 |Louis d'argent | ... | ... | 80 0 |

|1709, April | 38 8 0 | " | 11 0 | 8 | 88 0 |

| " May |43-7/11 | | | | |

| | 0 0 | " | ... | |100 0 |

|1713, September 30 | ... | " | ... | | 70 0 |

|1718, May | ... |Louis d'argent | | | |

| | | or ecu | 11 0 | 10 | 80 0 |

|1719, July 25 |61-9/11 | | | | |

| | 0 0 | ... | ... | ... |113 4 |

| " |69-1/8 | | | | |

| | 0 0 |Livres d'argent| ... | 65-5/11 | ... |

|1720, September |98-2/11 | | | | |

| | 0 0 |Louis d'argent | ... | ... |235 0 |

| ... | ... | " |(=1/4 ecu) | 30 | 60 0 |

|1721, January 1 | ... | " |( " ") | ... | 50 0 |

|1723, | ... | " | ... | 10-3/8 |138 0 |

|1726, | 46 18 0 | " | ... | 8 |100 0 |

|1726, May | 51 3 3 | " | ... | ... |120 0 |

|1785 |Silver | | | | |

| | unaltered| ... | ... | ... | ... |

|1803 |Kilog. | Franc | .900 | 5 | ... |

| | =222-2/8 | | | | |

| | (218-8/9 | | | | |

|1835, June 30 |Kilog. | " | " | ... | ... |

| | =222-2/9 | | | | |

| | (220 | | | | |

|1865, Latin Union | ... | ... |Pieces | | |

+----------------------+----------+---------------+-----------+---------+---------+

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 25: "En 1359 annee de grandes secousses dans le prix du marc

d'argent le public adopte comme unite l'ecu d'or qui n'a pas varie."

Vicomte D'Avenel, _Histoire de la propriete, etc._, i. p. 54.]

[Footnote 26: For an account of the remaining species of _livres_, all

differing in value, and amounting to at least twenty in number, _la

livre de Provins_, _du Mans_, _de Bretagne_, _Languedoc_, _Dauphine_,

_Bourgogne_, _la livre Augevin_, etc. etc., see Vicomte D'Avenel,

_Histoire de la propriete, etc._, i. 37-39, 482-494.]

GENERAL INDEX

Act of George III., 235.

" 1834, United States, 257.

Adams, John Quincy, 253, 258.

Aislabie, Mr., 228.

Alfonso X., The Wise, 321.

Allard, Mr., 290.

Anne, Queen, 277.

Antwerp, position of, in the 17th century, 62.

Arbitrage, 17th century, 73.

Augsburg girogeld, 387.

Austria, monetary system of, 376.

Austrian standard, or Convention standard, 374, 386.

Bacon, Sir Francis, 134.

Balfour, Right Hon. A.J., 284.

Bank of France, table of reserves, 186.

Batavian Republic, 352.

Barbour, Sir D., 284, 293.

Barrett, Mr., 147.

Bavaria, 374.

Bavarian, Louis the, 7.

Bayreuth, 374.

Beernaert, M., 287.

Bel, Charles le, 400.

" Philippe le, 10, 12, 399.

Binney, Mr., 259.

Birch, J.W., 283.

Bland, Mr., 261, 279.

Bland, Bill, 279, 283.

Bogy, Mr., 279.

Boissevain, M., 290.

Bold, Charles the, 402.

Brandenburg-Anspach, 374.

" Frederick William of, 199.

Bremen, 373.

Brunswick, 381.

Brussels conference, 286.

Byzantium, monetary system of, 2.

Calhoun, Mr., 259.

Calonne, XV., 172.

Calvert, 142.

Cambreleng, Mr., 258.

Carleton, Mr., 140.

Caswall, Mr., 228.

Chambers, Mr., 259.

Chaplin, H., 284.

Charlemagne, monetary system of, 2, 397.

Charles I. of Spain, 109.

" I. of England, 133, 146.

" II. of England, 219, 223.

" II. of Spain, 329.

" III. of Spain, 332.

" IV. of Spain, 332.

" V. of Germany, 96, 364.

" VI. of France, 399, 400, 401, 402.

" VII. of France, 399, 400, 401.

" VIII. of France, 39, 401.

" IX. of France, 84, 402.

Clay, Mr., 259.

Clowney, Mr., 258.

Cologne, Bimetallic conference of, 282.

Commission on the depreciation of silver, 1876, 279.

Compagnie des Indes, 406.

Conference (see International) of 1878 279; of 1881, 281.

Convention of Dresden, 380.

" " Vienna, 374.

" standard, or Austrian standard, 386.

Courtney, Leon. H., 283, 294.

Course of monetary depreciation, 1300-1500, 15.

Crawford, Secretary, 254.

Crusades, effect of, on currency, 3, 5.

Currie, Bertram Wodehouse, 294.

Dandolo, Giovanni, 4.

Denmark, 277.

Depreciation of standard, general causes of, preface xii.

Discounts in modern system, function of, 165.

Ducat, or Imperial standard, 387.

Dunham, Mr., 260.

Edward III.'s changes of ratio, 45.

" VI., 121, 124.

Elizabeth, 129, 130, 132.

Emperor Sigismund, 27.

England, Act of 1798, 239.

" " 1816, 243.

" agitation of 1611, 137.

" bank restriction, 241.

" coinage of 1527, 118.

" " Act of 1870, 243.

" crisis of 1622, 141.

" currency measures of 1544, 121.

" effects of the ratio of 1698, 227.

" Elizabeth's final revision, 131.

" " recoinage, 129.

" export in 1690, 223.

" first coining of gold in, 11.

" indenture of 1344, 42.

" " 1346, 44.

" " 1353, 45.

" " 1414, 55.

" " 1460-1470, 58.

" " 1670, 221.

" in 1378, 49.

" measures of 1619, 139.

" mintings and movements of metals, 1855-1894, 244.

" monetary history of, 1300-1500, 41;

1500-1600, 113;

1660-1894, 219.

" monetary inquiry of 1381, 51.

" " troubles of Henry VI., 57.

" proclamation of 1661, 220.

" recoinage of, 1414, 55;

1696, 225;

1774, 235.

" Sir Isaac Newton's report, 1717, 229.

" Sir Robert Stone on the Mint, 151.

" situation in 1638, 149.

" state of the coinage in 1774, 253.

" Tudor debasement, 123.

Ewing, Mr., 258.

Farrer, Lord, 283, 294.

Ferdinand, 99, 101.

" and Isabella, 322, 324, 327.

" II., 321.

" VI., 331.

" VII., 332.

Flanders, commencement of gold coinage, 10.

Florence, monetary history of, in the 14th century, 18;

1500-1660, 93.

" monetary system of, 301.

France, action of the states general in 1420, 27.

" commencement of gold coinage in, 9.

" course of ratio, 1660-1894, 179.

" currency debasement in, 32.

" mint inquiry of 1575, 85.

" monetary history of, 1286-1500, 31;

1500-1660, 83;

1600-1894, 167.

" monetary system of, 396.

" recoinage of, 1689, 167.

" " 1693, 168.

" " 1709, 168.

" reform of, 1577, 87.

" " 1640, 91.

" " 1726, 169.

" " 1785, 171.

" " 1803, 177.

Francis I., 201, 402.

Franconian currency, 369.

Frankfort, 373, 378.

Frederick Augustus, 374.

" I., 203.

" IV., 27.

" the Great, 378.

Free trade in the precious metals, 163.

Fremantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290.

Gallatin, 258.

Gaudin, M., 176.

George III., 231.

Germany, attempts at reform, 1860-70, 213.

" commencement of gold coinage in, 6.

" conference of Munich, 1837, 205.

" gold standards, 387.

" Leipzig standard, 200.

" monetary history, 14th and 15th centuries, 25;

1500-1600, 95;

1660-1894, 197, 360.

" new Imperial system, 1871, 215.

" standards, silver, 385.

" the convention standard, 201.

" " Dresden convention, 1838, 207.

" " Vienna conference, 1857, 209.

" " Zinnaische standard, 199.

" 24-gulden standard, 202.

" 24-1/2-gulden standard, 202.

Gillet, Mr., 258.

Godley, Arthur, C.B., 294.

Gold gulden standard, 388.

" reintroduction of coinage of, 1.

Gorham, Mr., 259.

Goschen, Rt. Hon. J.G., 279, 280.

Graumann, Philip, 378.

" standard, 379.

Gresham, Sir Thomas, 73.

Grell, Jacob, 8.

Groesbeck, 279.

Hacket, Mr., 117.

Hamburg banco, 387.

" bank, establishment of, 105.

" monetary history of, 383.

Hamilton, Alexander, XV. 251.

Hanover, 381.

Harrison, President, 263.

Heath, Sir Robert, 142.

Henry II. of Castile, 84, 324.

" III. of England, 4, 21.

" III. of France, 85, 88, 89, 236, 404.

" III. of Spain, 324.

" IV. of France, 89, 90.

" VII. of England, 59.

" VIII. of England, 121, 129.

Herschell, Lord, 283, 294.

Hesse-Darmstadt, 378.

Higher Circles (Germany), 373.

Holland in 1872, 271.

Houldsworth. Sir W.H., 284.

Imperial, or ducat standard, 387.

India, 294.

" closing of the mints, 293.

" statistics of metals and minting, 299.

Ingham, Secretary, 256.

International conferences (see Conferences), 275.

" monetary congress, 285.

Isabella and Ferdinand, 322, 324, 327.

Italian republics (see Florence and Venice), gold coinage of, 4-5.

" " trade of, 3.

James I. of England, 133, 145.

" II. of England, 223.

Jefferson, 248.

John, king of France, 45, 400.

John II. of Spain, 327.

" III. of Spain, 323.

Jones, Mr., 279.

Kammer-Gerichts currencies, 369.

"Kipper und Wipper Zeit," 102, 369.

Knight, Mr., 259.

Kronen-thaler standard, 386.

Lamond, Miss, 129.

Latin union, the, 191.

Law, John, 169.

" system of, 404.

Le Blanc, 89, 92.

Legal tender, law of, 350.

Legislation of 1873-74, United States, 261.

Leipzig standard, 373, 386.

Levi, M. Montefiore, 287.

Levy, Moritz, 287.

Lippe, 381.

Liverpool, Lord, 233, 239, 242.

Locke, John, 140, 225, 226.

Louis VII. of France, 9.

" IX. of France, 9.

" XI. of France, 59.

" XII. of France, 403.

" XIII. of France, 404.

" XV. of France, 405.

Louis Huttin, 399.

Lowndes, Mr., 256.

Luebeck, 383.

" courant, 387.

" mint, 7.

Lubbock, Sir John, 283.

Lueneburg, 384.

Maddison, Sir Ralph, 148.

Magnin, M., 286.

Mainz, 373, 378.

Malet, Lord, 284.

Marcello, Nicolo, 312.

Maria Theresa, 374.

Maurice, Elector, 363.

Maximilian, Emperor, 347.

McKim, Mr., 258.

M'Creary, Mr., 290.

Mecklenburg, 381.

Mint laws, wide effect of, 157.

Mirabeau, preface xv.

Misnian currency, 369.

Mocenigo, Pietro, 312.

Modern monetary system, evolution of the, 161.

Montague, Sir Samuel, 284.

Moors, 1.

Morris, Robert, preface xv. 247.

Netherlands in 1816, 269.

" the monetary system of the, 268, 272, 278, 345. See

"Plakkaats."

Newton, Sir Isaac, preface xv. 229, 231.

Norway, 277.

Nuernberg, 368, 374.

Oldenburg, 381.

Old Imperial standard of 1559, 386.

Ordinances, first Imperial mint, 96, 363.

" second Imperial mint, 99, 363.

" third Imperial mint, 99, 364, 366.

Palatinate, 373, 375, 378.

Palmer, Andrew, 151.

Parieu, De., 276.

Paris, conference of, 1867, 276.

" " 1878, 280.

" " 1881, 281.

" congress of, 1889, 286.

Philip Augustus of France, 9.

" I. of France, 399.

" II. of Spain, 110, 329.

" III. of Spain, 111, 329.

" IV. of Spain, 111, 329.

" V. of Spain, 330.

Philippe le Long, 399.

Pistole standard, 388.

"Plakkaats" of the Netherlands, 66, 71, 74.

Pomerania, 373.

Ponte, Nicolo da, 312.

Porter, Alexander, 259.

Portugal, monetary history of, 1688-1854, 273.

Precious metals, production of, 1550-1660, 65;

1660-1893, 155.

Prussian monetary system, 203, 378.

" standard, 386.

Ratio between gold and silver in Europe, 1300-1500, 40;

1500-1669, 69;

1669-1894, 157.

Ratio, different rate of, coexisting, 16.

" Hamilton's statement of 1791, 251.

" in 1360, 49.

" methods of calculation of, preface xiv.

Reichstag of Augsburg, 365, 367.

" " Regensburg, 367.

Rogers, Mr., 151.

Rothschild, Lord Alfred de, 288, 291.

Royal commission of 1868, 277.

" commission on the precious metals, 283.

Rupert of Germany, 11, 26.

Salisbury, Earl of, 134, 136.

Salzburg, 375, 377.

Scandinavian States, 278.

Schleswig-Holstein courant, 387.

Seigniorage in France and England abolished, 162, 163, 220.

Selden, Mr., 259.

Silsbee, Mr., 259.

Silver, course of modern depreciation, 277.

" sources of supply of 1300-1500, 14.

Soetbeer Dr. A., xiv. xv. 287, 289.

Southard, Mr., 259.

South German system, 377, 378, 386.

Spain, first coinage of gold in, 11.

" monetary history of, 23, 106.

" monetary system of, 319.

Spanish Netherlands, 348.

Sprague, Mr., 259.

Strachey, Lieut.-Gen. Richard, C.S.I., 294.

Sweden, 277, 373.

Terrell, E.H., 287.

Tirard, M., 291.

Treves, 373.

Tron, Nicolo, 312.

Twenty-four-gulden standard, 377, 386.

" and half-gulden standard, 378, 386.

United Provinces, 348.

" States Bland and Sherman Acts, 263.

" " currency, history of, 246.

" " gold export of 1820, 255.

" " Hamilton's report, 1791, 251.

" " mint coinages, 265.

" " Morris's scheme, 1782, 247.

" " movement of the precious metals, 266.

" " ordinances of 1786, 250.

" " report of 1785, 249.

" " " 1817, 253.

" " scheme of 1792, 253.

Upper circles (Germany), 377.

Valois, Philippe de, 35, 403.

Venice, gold coinage of, 5.

" the monetary system of, 310.

Vienna, convention of 1857, 376.

" first international conference of 1867, 275.

Waldeck, 381.

Webster, M., 259.

Wechselgeld, or Wechselzahlung, 386.

Welby, Sir R. Earle, G.C.B., 294.

Wendish states, 384.

White, C.H., 257, 258.

Wilde, Mr., 259.

Willard, Mr., 279.

William I. of Holland and Belgium, 269.

" III. of England, 222, 225.

Wilson, Sir Rivers, 290.

Windam, Secretary, 263.

Wismar, 384.

Wolsey's mint policy, 115.

Wuerzburg, 374.

Zinnaische standard, 371, 386.

INDEX OF COINS

Agnelet, 408.

Agnels d'or, 399.

Agnus dei, 324, 325, 326.

Aguilas, 334.

Aignel d'or, or Denier d'or a l'aignel, 399.

Albus, 100. (See Rhenish.)

Andries florin, 347.

Ange or Angelot, 400, 409.

Angel, 58, 113, 120, 131, 139, 408.

Angellets, 117.

Angelot or Ange, 400.

Aragon. (See Florin.)

Augustale, 4.

August d'or, 388.

Barile (or Carolino), 307.

Batzen, 369, 372.

Bavarian carolus or 3-gulden piece, (gold) 375.

" max d'or, 375.

Blanc, 420, 421. (See Grand, Gros, Obole, Petit.)

Blanc a la couronne, 417, 418, 419, 422.

" a la Fleur de lis, 418, 419, 420.

" a la Galema, 422.

" a l'ecu, 420.

" au soleil, 421, 422.

" aux trois Fleurs de lis, 419.

Blanca, 324, 326, 328, 344.

" vieja, 325.

Blanco segundo, 322.

Blancos, 324, 344.

Bourgeois, 415.

Brabant thaler or Kronen thaler, 202, 376.

Burgaleses, or Maravedis Blancos, 322.

Burgundian gulden, 82.

Burgundy nobles, 56.

Byzants, 2.

Cadieres, 400.

Cardacues (see Quart d'ecu), 148.

Carls d'or or Louis d'or, 388.

Carolino (or Barile), 307.

Carolus, 115, 348, 356, 375.

Castellanos, 323, 325, 334, 335, 336. (See Doblas, Oro.)

Centenes, 339.

Chaise d'or, 35.

Chaises or masses, 400, 408, 409, 410, 411. (See Double.)

Convention thaler, 201, 378.

Cornado, 325.

" viejo, 325, 326.

" nuevo, 325, 326.

Coronados, 323.

Coronas, 109, 325, 334.

Couronne, 400, 401, 408. (See Blanc, Ecu, Crown, Gros.)

Crazie, 309.

Croiseth. (See Douzains, Ecu.)

Crown (see French crowns), 113, 231, 243, 376, 383.

" of the Rose, 216.

" of the Sun, 109, 116, 117, 119, 401.

" or Brabant thaler, 202.

" thaler, 202.

Cruzados, 326.

" de la Banda, 326.

Denarii (pfennige), 360.

Denarius, 2.

Denaro, 319.

Denier d'or a l'aignel or Aignel d'or, 399.

" d'or a l'ecu, 400.

" d'or aux Fleurs de lis, 35.

" Parisis, 415, 416, 417.

" Tournois, 415.

Deniers (silver), 346. (See Gros.)

Dinero nuevo, 325, 326.

" viejo, 325, 326.

Doblas, 323, 325, 326, 334.

" (Castellanos) de la Banda, 24, 325, 326.

Doblon, 329, 338.

Dollar (see Piece of Eight, Rixdollar, Daalder, Spanish, Staten), 149,

221, 222, 238, 247, 248, 250, 251, 253, 260, 262.

Double (see Grand) carolus, 115.

" florin, 347.

" gold gulden, 375.

" Parisis, 417.

" Pattart, 347.

" Tournois, 417.

Doubles or chaises, 410.

Douzains, 86, 170, 422.

" a la croisette, 422.

Drittelthaler, 213.

Ducados, 325, 326, 334.

Ducat (see Hungary, Holland, Nederland, Imperial, Silver, Spanish), 101,

116, 117, 120, 271, 311, 349, 350, 351, 369, 370, 371, 374, 390, 391,

392.

" (Kremnitz), 387.

" (see Zecchino, or Sequin), 314, 316, 317.

" (silver) 318.

Ducato d'argento, 312.

" d'oro, 308.

Dukaat, 353, 354, 358.

Dukaton of Brabant, 357.

Duro, 333.

Eagle, 253.

Ecu (see Blanc, Escudos, Scudo, Florin), 86, 88, 90, 92, 406, 408, 409,

414, 423.

" a la couronne, 401, 402, 410, 411, 412.

" a la croisette, 412.

" au porc-epi, 402, 412.

" au soleil, 84, 412, 413.

" blancs, 167.

" heaumes, 402, 410.

" (silver), 169.

Ecu d'or, 37, 85, 413. (See Denier.)

" au soleil, 401, 402.

Eight-florin (gold), 376.

English crown, 247.

" rose nobles, 81.

" sovereigns, 81.

Enrique, 325, 327.

Escudos, 109, 331, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338.

" de plata, 330. (See Scudo, Ecu.)

Esterlings, 41.

Excellentes, 327. (See Medios.)

" de la Granada, 328, 334.

" majores, 334.

Fifty-stuiver piece, 352, 357.

Fiorino d'argento, 306. (See Florin, Lira, Silver.)

" da sei, 309.

" d'oro, 308.

" d'oro largo, 303, 304.

" d'oro largo in oro, 303, 304, 308.

" di suggello, 302, 304.

" neri, 309.

" nuovastro, 308.

" nuovissimo or Largo di Galea, 308.

" nuovo, 308.

" of the first suggello, 308.

" of the second suggello, 308.

" of the fifth suggello, 308.

" of the sixth suggello, 308.

" of the eighth suggello, 308.

" of the ninth suggello, 308.

" of the Pisan weight, 308.

" stretto, 308.

" stretto di Camera of the seventh suggello, 308.

Five-franc (silver), 174, 192, 194, 195.

" thaler pieces, 204.

Fleur de lys, or Florins d'or aux Fleurs de lis, 401, 409, 410. (See

Blanc, Denier, Gros.)

" de lys of Charles V., 402.

" de lys of King John, 402.

Florences, 9. (See Florin.)

Florentine florin, 389. (See Florin.)

" gigliati, 375.

Florin (see Double, Petit, Fiorino, Oro, S. Andries, Florences), 3, 269,

302, 326, 334, 347, 377.

" d'Aragon, 325, 326.

" de ecu, 411.

" d'or, 9, 26, 299.

" " aux Fleur de lis, or Fleurs de lis d'or, 401.

" George, 400.

" of eight. (See Eight-florin.)

Forty-franc (gold), 175, 176.

Four-florin gold pieces, 376.

" penny piece (silver), 146.

Franc (see Five-franc), 174, 176, 192, 194, 195, 353, 404, 410, 414, 422,

423.

" a cheval, 401, 411.

" a pied, 401.

" d'argent, 404.

" d'oro, 36, 399, 400, 401.

French crowns, 66, 80.

Friedrichs d'or, 204, 380, 381, 382, 388, 392.

Galema (see Blanc), 422.

Genoviva, 4.

George. (See Florin.)

German gold guldens, 79.

Gigliati, 375. (See Florentine.)

Gold crowns, 376.

" ducat, 390, 391.

" dukaat, 353.

" florin, 302.

" gulden (Rheinische gulden), 31, 98, 363, 365, 367, 368, 369, 371,

389, 390, 391. (See Gulden.)

" penning, 359.

Grand blanc, 421.

" double, 347.

Groat, 113, 117, 118, 119.

Groots, 345, 347.

Gros (see Royal, Blanc, Deniers, Couronne, Groschen, Groat, Grossi), 347,

418, 420, 421.

" a la couronne, 416, 418.

" a la Fleur de lis, 416.

" a la l'estoile, 419.

" blancs, 418, 419.

" d'argent, 37, 420, 421.

" deniers blancs, 403.

" deniers d'argent, 403.

" royaux, 400, 408.

" royaux d'or, 10.

" Tournois, 28, 403, 415, 416, 417, 420.

Groschen (see Gros, Gulden, Marien, Reichs, Silver), 28, 30, 97, 363, 364,

365, 366, 372, 375, 379, 380, 394, 395.

" of the mark, 366.

" of Misnia and Franconia, 366.

Grosseti, 307.

Grossi, 20, 304, 306, 307, 311, 312, 318. (See Lira, Gros.)

" a oro, 315.

" popolini, 306.

Grossoni, 306, 307.

Gueldres. (See Riders.)

Guelfi, 304.

" del fiore, 19, 306.

" grossi, 22, 306.

" nuovi, 20, 306.

Guillaumes d'or, 271.

Guinea, 135, 231, 247.

Gulden (see Burgundian, Double, Gold gulden, Karolus, Misnia, Reichs,

Rhenish, Silver, Three-gulden), 7, 15, 27, 96, 99, 101, 345, 348, 350,

352, 353, 354, 357, 361, 362, 367, 369, 375, 392.

" groschen, 363, 365, 368.

Guldener, 372.

Half-crown, 232, 243, 383.

" dollar, 259.

Hard dollar, 333.

Heaumes. (See Ecu.)

Heller, 361, 362.

Henris, 412.

" d'or, 402.

Holland dukaat, 358, 374.

Hungary ducat, 358.

Imperial ducat, 392.

Joachims thaler or Schlicken or Loewen thaler, 363.

Kammer Gerichts gulden, 369.

Karolus gulden, 356.

Kremnitz ducat, 375, 387, 392.

Kreutzers, 99, 361, 364, 365, 367, 369, 372, 375.

Kronen thaler or Brabant thaler, 378.

Kruisdaalder or Patacon, 356, 357.

Laubthalers, 202.

Leeuwendaalder, 356, 357.

Leones, 321.

L'estoile. (See Gros.)

Lion, 408.

Lira, 305, 310, 312, 313, 314, 318, 400.

" a fiorino, 305.

" di grossi, 314, 315.

" di piccioli, 315.

" (Florentine), 301.

" Tron, 312.

Lis d'argent, 92, 404.

" d'or, 93, 402.

Livres d'argent, 406, 423.

Louis d'argent, 167, 168, 169, 404, 406, 407, 422, 423.

" d'or, 91, 92, 93, 167, 168, 169, 172, 227, 402, 405, 406, 407, 413,

414.

" d'or or Carls d'or, 388.

Loewen thaler or Joachims thaler or Schlicken thaler, 363.

Luxembourgs, 44.

Maravedis, 15, 320, 321.

" blancos or Burgaleses, 322.

" blancos segundos, 323.

" de los buenos, 323.

" de moneda blanca, 324.

" negros or prietos, 322.

" nuevo, 326.

" viejos or moneda blanca, 322, 323, 325.

Marien groschen, 102, 366.

Max d'or, 375.

Masses or chaises, 400, 408.

Meaja. (See Moneda.)

Medios excellentes, 334.

Metales or mitgales, 321.

Milreis, 273.

Minuto, 310.

Misnian gulden, 369.

Mitgales or metales, 321.

Molino, 344.

Moneda blanca or Maravedis blancas viejos, 322. (See Blanca.)

" meaja nueva, 325, 326.

" vieja, 322, 325, 326.

Moneta bianca nera, 305.

" nera, 305.

Mouton, 36, 409, 410, 411. (See Petit.)

" d'or, 10.

" d'or a la grand laine, 399.

" d'or a la petite laine, 399.

Nederland dukaat, 357, 358, 359.

" reaal, 356.

" rijder, 357, 358, 359.

" rijksdaalder, 356, 357.

Netherland stuyvers, 366.

Nobles, 48, 53, 55, 57. (See Rose Nobels, Burgundian.)

Novenes, 322, 323.

Nuovi Guelfi, 20, 306.

Obole blanche, 416.

Oro dobla castellana, 23.

" florines, 10.

" gran modulo, 23.

Orth, 365.

Parisis, 400, 408. (See Denier, double.)

" d'argent, 403.

Parvulus, 310.

Parvus, 310.

Pastas de oro, 337.

Patacon or Kruisdaalder, 357.

Pattart, 347. (See Double.)

Pavilion, 400, 408.

Penny, 2, 4, 113.

Penning (gold), 352, 359.

Pesetas, 333.

Petit blanc, 421.

" deniers tournois, 37.

" florins, 42.

" moutons, 410.

" royaux, 10, 400, 408.

" royaux d'or, 9.

" royaux d'or fin, 399.

" tournois, 415.

Pfennige, 362, 365, 366, 369, 372, 375.

Philipps thaler, 101, 368, 370.

Philippus rijder, 82.

Piastre, 333.

Piccioli, 309, 310, 311, 315. (See Lira.)

" a oro, 315.

" neri, 309.

Piece of eight (see real and dollar), 148, 221, 222, 246.

Pistole, 87, 131, 203, 227, 381, 382, 388. (See Spanish, Louis d'or,

Friedrichs d'or.)

Pistolets, 148.

Popolini, 306. (See Grossi.)

Porc-epi. (See Ecu.)

Pound, 113, 345.

Prietos or Maravedises negros, 322.

Prussian thaler, 203, 380.

Quart d'ecu, 404, 422. (See Cardacues.)

Quattrini, 309.

" bianchi. 309.

" lanajuoli, 309.

" neri, 94.

Quinto di ducato, 307.

Quinzains, 406.

" d'or, 413.

Real (see Nederland, Royal, Ryal), 87, 95, 115, 324, 325, 327, 333.

" au lion, 10.

" of eight, 131, 143, 329, 341, 342, 344. (See Piece of Eight.)

" sencillo, 340, 341.

" (silver), 326, 328.

Reichs gulden, 367. (See Gulden.)

" gulden thaler, 370.

" groschen (see Groschen), 365, 366, 367.

" thaler (see Thaler), 101, 103, 199, 200, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372,

374.

Reines, 400.

Rhenish gulden (see Gold Gulden), 31.

Rhenish albi, 366.

Riders Gelderns, 119. (See Rijder.)

Rijder, 349, 352. (See Nederland, Philippus, Rider, Silver.)

Rijksdaalder, 83, 354. (See Nederland.)

Rixdollars, 148. (See Rijksdaalder.)

Rose nobel, 113. (See Nobel.)

Royal, 399, 410, 411, 412. (See Gros, Petit, Reines, Real, Ryal.)

" double, 408.

Royaux durs, 400.

" or Denier d'or au Roiel, 346, 400.

Rupee, 295.

Ryals, 142, 143. (See Real.)

Saint Andries florin, 347.

Saluts, 401, 411.

Schellings, 345.

Schlicken thaler or Joachim thaler or Loewen thaler, 363.

Schillingen (solidi), 360, 361, 362. (See Silver.)

Scudo, 318. (See Ecu.)

" d'argento, 313.

Sequin (see Ducat, Zecchino), 311, 312, 316, 317.

Seven-kreutzer piece, 375.

Seventeen-kreutzer piece, 375.

Shilling, 113, 138, 142, 144, 145, 231, 243.

" of esterlings, 55.

Sigillo. (See Fiorino.)

Silver dukaat, 353.

" fiorino, 301, 304.

" groschen, 102, 380.

" gulden or thaler, 364.

" rijder, 353.

" schillingen,

Six-livre thalers, 202.

Sixpence, 144, 145, 231, 243.

Soldi, 301, 304. (See Solidi.)

" grossi, 306.

" (schillingen), 360.

Soleil. (See Ecu, Couronne.)

Solidus, 398. (See Soldi, Schelling Sol, Sueldo.)

Sols, 170. (See Solidi, Sueldo.)

" d'argent, 403.

" d'or, 399.

Souverain, 392.

Sovereign, 113, 117, 131.

Spanish dollar, 333.

" ducats, 79.

" pistole, 80.

Specie or Convention thaler, 102, 201.

Staten daalder, 356.

Sterlings, 48.

Stiver, 345. (See Nederland.)

Stretti. (See Fiorino.)

Sueldo, 319. (See Solidus.)

" de oro, 321.

" pepiones, 321, 322.

Suggello. (See Fiorino.)

Ten-gulden piece, 353, 355, 359.

Ten-stiver piece, 356.

Ten-thaler piece, 204.

Testoons, 84, 121, 130, 307, 403, 422.

Thaler (see Silver gulden, Joachims thaler, Kronen thaler, Laubthalers,

Prussian, Philipps, Reichs thaler, Silver, Six-livre, Vereins thaler),

83, 106, 363, 364, 367, 369, 370, 371, 373, 375, 377, 379, 381, 382,

392.

Three-gulden piece or Bavarian carolus, 357, 375.

Three-heller piece, 369.

Threepenny piece (silver), 146.

Thirty-deniers, 170.

Thirty-kreutzer piece, 375.

Tollero, 313, 318.

Tournois, 397. (See Denier, Double, Gros, Petit.)

Tremissis or triens, 398.

Tron. (See Lira.)

Twenty-franc (gold), 175, 176.

Twenty-kreutzer piece, 375.

Twenty-shilling piece, 149.

Two-franc, 190.

Twopenny piece (silver), 146.

Unite, 113, 134.

Veintenes, 331.

" de oro, 337.

Vellon rico, 344.

Vereinsmunze, 206.

Vereins thaler, 216, 372.

Viejos, 323. (See Maravedi.)

Wilhelms d'or, 388.

William, 354.

Zaehender, 365.

Zecchino (see Ducat, Sequin), 4, 311, 314, 375.

[Transcriber's Notes:

There are many possible inaccuracies in the non-English references in this

book. The non-English portions are left as printed, unless noted below.

The following errors in the original text were corrected:

Some fractions, such as 67-47/41 on page 314 have a numerator larger

than the denominator. Even though these are most likely incorrect,

they are left as in the original as there is no way to confirm what

they should be.

Page XIX, Preface: "Dei Muenzen der deutschen" corrected to "Die Muenzen der

deutschen"

Page XXX, Table of Contents, Chapter III: "recoinage of, 1696, 222;"

corrected to "recoinage of 1696, 222;"

Page 5, Chapter 1: "in order to the supply of the Italian mints" corrected

to "in order to supply the Italian mints"

Page 7, Chapter 1: "the Archbishop of Cologne the Duke of Brabant"

corrected to "the Archbishop of Cologne, the Duke of Brabant"

Page 8, Chapter 1: "50 marks 2 oz. 3-1/2 aug." corrected to "50 marks 2

oz. 3-1/2 ang."

Page 79, Chapter 2, in the table "German Gold Guldens:" "1591" corrected

to "1581" to match right hand column and date sequence.

Page 87, Chapter 2: "Spanish and Portugese gold ducats" corrected to

"Spanish and Portuguese gold ducats"

Page 89, Chapter 2: "the celebrated declaration of 1577, i.e 60 sols."

corrected to "the celebrated declaration of 1577, i.e. 60 sols."

Page 141, Chapter 2: "The merchant-adventurers were appealed to to buy up these

stocks, but they were unable." corrected to "The

merchant-adventurers were appealed to, to buy up these stocks, but they

were unable."

Page 155, Chapter 3, in untitled table: second occurrence of "1841-1850"

corrected to "1851-1855" to match sequence in table.

Page 169, Chapter 3: "a value of 20 livres; and of silver ecus at 8-3/10

to the" corrected to "a value of 20 livres; and of silver ecus at

8-3/10 to the" as ecus has the accent on every other occurrence.

Page 176, Chapter 3: "It is on the same conideration" corrected to "It

is on the same consideration"

Page 184, Chapter 3: Table header "Silver. (Francs)." corrected to

"Silver (Francs)." to match format in other headers and other

tables.

Page 198, Chapter 3: "--Franconia, Bavaria, and Suabia--" corrected to

"--Franconia, Bavaria, and Swabia--"

Page 206, Chapter 3: "Schwanzburg-Rudolstadt (Unterherrschaft)"

corrected to "Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Unterherrschaft)"

Page 207, Chapter 3: "each state to give an account of its mintings,"

corrected to "each state to give an account of its mintings."

Page 219, Chapter 3: heading "England" corrected to "England." to match

other headers.

Page 233, Chapter 3: "On this occassion I addressed a letter to a noble

Lord," corrected to "On this occasion I addressed a letter to a

noble Lord,"

Page 246, Chapter 3: "the ounce of silver was declared worth 6s. 8d"

corrected to "the ounce of silver was declared worth 6s. 8d."

Page 251, Chapter 3: "that gold was extremely over-valued in the United"

corrected to "that gold was extremely overvalued in the United" as

all other occurrences of overvalued are not hyphenated.

Page 287, Chapter 3: "by substituting silver coin or notes based on

silver" corrected to "by substituting silver coins or notes based on

silver"

Page 294, Chapter 3: "history of the world has been characterstic and

uniform" corrected to "history of the world has been characteristic

and uniform"

Pages 325 appears to be a continuation of the table on page 326. These

pages reversed by transcriber.

Page 326, Appendix III: "Cornados viejos" corrected to "Coronados

viejos"

Page 353, Appendix IV: "1 gulden 2 francs 11-61/100 centimes." corrected

to "1 gulden = 2 francs 11-61/100 centimes."

Page 364, Appendix V: "The third Imperial Mint Ordinance established an

important difference from this system," corrected to "The third

Imperial Mint Ordinance established an important difference from

this system."

Page 369, Appendix V:

"Pfennige 3 " 720""

corrected to

"Pfennige, 3 " 720""

Page 393, Appendix V: The following 2 dates were a best guess based on

the text. The dates were obviously incorrect.

"1855, Frankfort Fair--Philipps thaler = 82 kr." corrected to "1585,

Frankfort Fair--Philipps thaler = 82 kr."

"1623 (Higher Circles)--Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr." corrected to

"1603 (Higher Circles)--Reichs thaler recognised at 90 kr."

Page 404, Appendix VI: "15 sols (i.e. a quarter the value of the ecu

d'or, then set at 60 sols)" corrected to "15 sols. (i.e. a quarter

the value of the ecu d'or, then set at 60 sols.)"

Page 407, Appendix VI: "1626 they had fallen to 12 livres and 3 livres

respectively." corrected to "1726 they had fallen to 12 livres and 3

livres respectively."

Page 408, Appendix VI: "1329 (Philipp de Valois), Dec. 26" corrected to

"1329 (Philippe de Valois), Dec. 26"

Page 411, Appendix VI: "Ecu a la" corrected to "Ecu a la" under 1425 and

1427

Page 412, Appendix VI: "1487 (Charles VII.)" corrected to "1487 (Charles

VII.),"

Page 425, General Index: "Calonne XV., 172." corrected to "Calonne, XV.,

172."

"Chambers, Mr., 259." corrected to "Chambres, Mr., 259."

Page 427, General Index: "Freemantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290." corrected to

"Fremantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290."

Page 431, Index of Coins: "Angelets, 117." corrected to "Angellets, 117."

"a l'ecu, 420." corrected to "a l'ecu, 420." as l'ecu is accented on page

420.

Page 432, Index of Coins: "Dukaton of Brabant, 357" spelled "Dakaton of

Brabant" on page 357. Don't know which is correct. Both left as

printed.

Header starting F was added.

"di sugello, 302, 304." corrected to "di suggello, 302, 304."

Page 433, Index of Coins: "Florens d'or aux Fleurs de lis" corrected to

"Florins d'or aux Fleurs de lis"

"Gigliali, 375. (See Florentine.)" corrected to "Gigliati, 375. (See

Florentine.)"

"Grosseti, 307." spelled as "Grossetti" on page 307. Don't know which is

correct, both left as printed.

Page 434, Index of Coins: "Joachims thaler or Schlicken o Loewen thaler,

363." correct to "Joachims thaler or Schlicken or Loewen thaler,

363."

Page 435, Index of Coins: "Nobles, 48, 53, 55, 57. (See Rose Nobels,

Burgundian.)" corrected to "Nobles, 48, 53, 55, 57. (See Rose

Nobles, Burgundian.)"

Page 436, Index of Coins: "Riders Gelderns, 119. (See Rijder.)" Gelderns

spelled as "Gelderus" on page 119. Don't know which is correct, both

left as printed.

"of esterlings, 55." ditto mark added to represent Shilling

]