_The Dance of the Sprouting Corn_
Pale, dry, baked earth, that blows into dust of fine sand. Low hills of
baked pale earth, sinking heavily, and speckled sparsely with dark dots
of cedar bushes. A river on the plain of drought, just a cleft of dark,
reddish-brown water, almost a flood. And over all, the blue, uneasy,
alkaline sky.
A pale, uneven, parched world, where a motor-car rocks and lurches
and churns in sand. A world pallid with dryness, inhuman with a faint
taste of alkali. Like driving in the bed of a great sea that dried up
unthinkable ages ago, and now is drier than any other dryness, yet
still reminiscent of the bottom of the sea, sandhills sinking, and
straight, cracked mesas, like cracks in the dry-mud bottom of the sea.
So, the mud church standing discreetly outside, just outside the
pueblo, not to see too much. And on its façade of mud, under the
timbered mud-eaves, two speckled horses rampant, painted by the
Indians, a red piebald and a black one.
Swish! Over the logs of the ditch-bridge, where brown water is flowing
full. There below is the pueblo, dried mud like mud-pie houses, all
squatting in a jumble, prepared to crumble into dust and be invisible,
dust to dust returning, earth to earth.
That they don’t crumble is the mystery. That these little squarish
mud-heaps endure for centuries after centuries, while Greek marble
tumbles asunder, and cathedrals totter, is the wonder. But then, the
naked human hand with a bit of new soft mud is quicker than time, and
defies the centuries.
Roughly the low, square, mud-pie houses make a wide street where all is
naked earth save a doorway or a window with a pale-blue sash. At the
end of the street, turn again into a parallel wide, dry street. And
there, in the dry, oblong aridity, there tosses a small forest that is
alive; and thud--thud--thud goes the drum, and the deep sound of men
singing is like the deep soughing of the wind, in the depths of a wood.
You realize that you had heard the drum from the distance, also the
deep, distant roar and boom of the singing, but that you had not
heeded, as you don’t heed the wind.
It all tosses like young, agile trees in a wind. This is the dance of
the sprouting corn, and everybody holds a little, beating branch of
green pine. Thud--thud--thud--thud--thud! goes the drum, heavily the
men hop and hop and hop, sway, sway, sway, sway go the little branches
of green pine. It tosses like a little forest, and the deep sound of
men’s singing is like the booming and tearing of a wind deep inside a
forest. They are dancing the Spring Corn Dance.
This is the Wednesday after Easter, after Christ Risen and the corn
germinated. They dance on Monday and on Tuesday. Wednesday is the third
and last dance of this green resurrection.
You realize the long lines of dancers, and a solid cluster of men
singing near the drum. You realize the intermittent black-and-white
fantasy of the hopping Koshare, the jesters, the Delight-Makers.
You become aware of the ripple of bells on the knee-garters of the
dancers, a continual pulsing ripple of little bells; and of the sudden
wild, whooping yells from near the drum. Then you become aware of the
seed-like shudder of the gourd-rattles, as the dance changes, and the
swaying of the tufts of green pine-twigs stuck behind the arms of all
the dancing men, in the broad green arm-bands.
Gradually comes through to you the black, stable solidity of the
dancing women, who poise like solid shadow, one woman behind each
rippling, leaping male. The long, silky black hair of the women,
streaming down their backs, and the equally long, streaming, gleaming
hair of the males, loose over broad, naked, orange-brown shoulders.
Then the faces, the impassive, rather fat, golden-brown faces of the
women, with eyes cast down, crowned above with the green tableta, like
a flat tiara. Something strange and noble about the impassive, barefoot
women in the short black cassocks, as they subtly tread the dance,
scarcely moving, and yet edging rhythmically along, swaying from each
hand the green spray of pine-twig out--out--out--out, to the thud of
the drum, immediately behind the leaping fox-skin of the men-dancers.
And all the emerald-green, painted tabletas, the flat wooden tiaras
shaped like a castle gateway, rise steady and noble from the soft,
slightly bowed heads of the women, held by a band under the chin. All
the tabletas down the line, emerald green, almost steady, while the
bright black heads of the men leap softly up and down, between.
Bit by bit you take it in. You cannot get a whole impression, save of
some sort of wood tossing, a little forest of trees in motion, with
gleaming black hair and gold-ruddy breasts that somehow do not destroy
the illusion of forest.
When you look at the women, you forget the men. The bare-armed,
bare-legged, barefoot women with streaming hair and lofty green
tiaras, impassive, downward-looking faces, twigs swaying outwards from
subtle, rhythmic wrists; women clad in the black, prehistoric short
gown fastened over one shoulder, leaving the other shoulder bare, and
showing at the arm-place a bit of pink or white undershirt; belted also
round the waist with a woven woollen sash, scarlet and green on the
hand-woven black cassock. The noble, slightly submissive bending of the
tiara-ed head. The subtle measure of the bare, breathing, bird-like
feet, that are flat, and seem to cleave to earth softly, and softly
lift away. The continuous outward swaying of the pine-sprays.
But when you look at the men, you forget the women. The men are naked
to the waist, and ruddy-golden, and in the rhythmic, hopping leap of
the dance their breasts shake downwards, as the strong, heavy body
comes down, down, down, down, in the downward plunge of the dance.
The black hair streams loose and living down their backs, the black
brows are level, the black eyes look out unchanging from under the
silky lashes. They are handsome, and absorbed with a deep rhythmic
absorption, which still leaves them awake and aware. Down, down, down
they drop, on the heavy, ceaseless leap of the dance, and the great
necklaces of shell-cores spring on the naked breasts, the neck-shell
flaps up and down, the short white kilt of woven stuff, with the heavy
woollen embroidery, green and red and black, opens and shuts slightly
to the strong lifting of the knees: the heavy whitish cords that hang
from the kilt-band at the side sway and coil forever down the side of
the right leg, down to the ankle, the bells on the red-woven garters
under the knees ripple without end, and the feet, in buckskin boots
furred round the ankle with a beautiful band of skunk fur, black with
a white tip, come down with a lovely, heavy, soft precision, first
one, then the other, dropping always plumb to earth. Slightly bending
forward, a black gourd rattle in the right hand, a small green bough
in the left, the dancer dances the eternal drooping leap, that brings
his life down, down, down, down from the mind, down from the broad,
beautiful, shaking breast, down to the powerful pivot of the knees,
then to the ankles, and plunges deep from the ball of the foot into the
earth, towards the earth’s red centre, where these men belong, as is
signified by the red earth with which they are smeared.
And meanwhile, the shell-cores from the Pacific sway up and down,
ceaselessly, on their breasts.
Mindless, without effort, under the hot sun, unceasing, yet never
perspiring nor even breathing heavily, they dance on and on. Mindless,
yet still listening, observing. They hear the deep, surging singing of
the bunch of old men, like a great wind soughing. They hear the cries
and yells of the man waving his bough by the drum. They catch the word
of the song, and at a moment, shudder the black rattles, wheel, and the
line breaks, women from men, they thread across to a new formation. And
as the men wheel round, their black hair gleams and shakes, and the
long fox-skin sways, like a tail.
And always, when they form into line again, it is a beautiful long
straight line, flexible as life, but straight as rain.
The men round the drum are old, or elderly. They are all in a bunch,
and they wear day dress, loose cotton drawers, pink or white cotton
shirt, hair tied up behind with the red cords, and banded round the
head with a strip of pink rag, or white rag, or blue. There they are,
solid like a cluster of bees, their black heads with the pink rag
circles all close together, swaying their pine-twigs with rhythmic,
wind-swept hands, dancing slightly, mostly on the right foot,
ceaselessly, and singing, their black bright eyes absorbed, their dark
lips pushed out, while the deep strong sound rushes like wind, and the
unknown words form themselves in the dark.
Suddenly the solitary man pounding the drum swings his drum round, and
begins to pound on the other end, on a higher note, pang--pang--pang!
instead of the previous brumm! brumm! brumm! of the bass note. The
watchful man next the drummer yells and waves lightly, dancing on
bird-feet. The Koshare make strange, eloquent gestures to the sky.
And again the gleaming bronze-and-dark men dancing in the rows shudder
their rattles, break the rhythm, change into a queer, beautiful
two-step, the long lines suddenly curl into rings, four rings of
dancers, the leaping, gleaming-seeming men between the solid, subtle,
submissive blackness of the women who are crowned with emerald-green
tiaras, all going subtly round in rings. Then slowly they change again,
and form a star. Then again, unmingling, they come back into rows.
And all the while, all the while the naked Koshare are threading about.
Of bronze-and-dark men-dancers there are some forty-two, each with a
dark, crowned woman attending him like a shadow. The old men, the bunch
of singers in shirts and tied-up black hair, are about sixty in number,
or sixty-four. The Koshare are about twenty-four.
They are slim and naked, daubed with black and white earth, their hair
daubed white and gathered upwards to a great knot on top of the head,
whence springs a tuft of corn-husks, dry corn-leaves. Though they wear
nothing but a little black square cloth, front and back, at their
middle, they do not seem naked, for some are white with black spots,
like a leopard, and some have broad black lines or zigzags on their
smeared bodies, and all their faces are blackened with triangles or
lines till they look like weird masks. Meanwhile their hair, gathered
straight up and daubed white and sticking up from the top of the head
with corn-husks, completes the fantasy. They are anything but natural.
Like blackened ghosts of a dead corn-cob, tufted at the top.
And all the time, running like queer spotted dogs, they weave nakedly
through the unheeding dance, comical, weird, dancing the dance-step
naked and fine, prancing through the lines, up and down the lines, and
making fine gestures with their flexible hands, calling something down
from the sky, calling something up from the earth, and dancing forward
all the time. Suddenly as they catch a word from the singers, name of a
star, of a wind, a name for the sun, for a cloud, their hands soar up
and gather in the air, soar down with a slow motion. And again, as they
catch a word that means earth, earth deeps, water within the earth,
or red-earth-quickening, the hands flutter softly down, and draw up
the water, draw up the earth-quickening, earth to sky, sky to earth,
influences above to influences below, to meet in the germ-quick of
corn, where life is.
And as they dance, the Koshare watch the dancing men. And if a fox-skin
is coming loose at the belt, they fasten it as the man dances, or they
stoop and tie another man’s shoe. For the dancer must not hesitate to
the end.
And then, after some forty minutes, the drum stops. Slowly the dancers
file into one line, woman behind man, and move away, threading towards
their kiva, with no sound but the tinkle of knee-bells in the silence.
But at the same moment the thud of an unseen drum, from beyond, the
soughing of deep song approaching from the unseen. It is the other
half, the other half of the tribe coming to continue the dance. They
appear round the kiva--one Koshare and one dancer leading the rows, the
old men all abreast, singing already in a great strong burst.
So, from ten o’clock in the morning till about four in the afternoon,
first one-half then the other. Till at last, as the day wanes, the two
halves meet, and the two singings like two great winds surge one past
the other, and the thicket of the dance becomes a real forest. It is
the close of the third day.
Afterwards, the men and women crowd on the roofs of the two low round
towers, the kivas, while the Koshare run round jesting and miming,
and taking big offerings from the women, loaves of bread and cakes of
blue-maize meal. Women come carrying big baskets of bread and guayava,
on two hands, an offering.
And the mystery of germination, not procreation, but _putting forth_,
resurrection, life springing within the seed, is accomplished. The
sky has its fire, its waters, its stars, its wandering electricity,
its winds, its fingers of cold. The earth has its reddened body, its
invisible hot heart, its inner waters and many juices and unaccountable
stuffs. Between them all, the little seed: and also man, like a seed
that is busy and aware. And from the heights and from the depths man,
the caller, calls: man, the knower, brings down the influences and
brings up the influences, with his knowledge: man, so vulnerable, so
subject, and yet even in his vulnerability and subjection, a master,
commands the invisible influences and is obeyed. Commands in that song,
in that rhythmic energy of dance, in that still-submissive mockery of
the Koshare. And he accomplishes his end, as master. He partakes in
the springing of the corn, in the rising and budding and earing of the
corn. And when he eats his bread, at last, he recovers all he once sent
forth, and partakes again of the energies he called to the corn, from
out of the wide universe.