the House of Representatives. Adams received the votes of thirteen
States, Jackson seven, and Crawford four. John Quincy Adams was
therefore declared elected President.
For Vice-President, the Electoral vote was John C. Calhoun, South
Carolina, 182; Nathan Sanford, New York, 30; Nathaniel Macon, Georgia,
24; Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 13; Martin Van Buren, New York, 9; Henry
Clay, Kentucky, 2.
1829 to 1833.--Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, President, inaugurated
March 4, 1829. He was born in Mecklenburg county, N.C., March 15, 1767,
and died at the Hermitage, Tenn., June 8, 1845.
John Caldwell Calhoun, Vice-President, until his resignation, Dec. 28,
1832.
POPULAR VOTE.--For President, Andrew Jackson, 650,028; John Quincy
Adams, 512,158.
ELECTORAL VOTE.--For President, Andrew Jackson, 178; J.Q. Adams,
83.--Total, 261. Twenty-four States voting.
For Vice-President, John C. Calhoun, 171; Richard Rush, Pennsylvania,
83; Wm, Smith, South Carolina, 7.
1833 to 1837.--Andrew Jackson, President, inaugurated March 4, 1833.
Martin Van Buren, of New York, Vice-President. He was born at
Kinderhook, N.Y., Dec. 5, 1782.
POPULAR VOTE.--For President, Andrew Jackson, 687,502; Henry Clay,
550,189; Opposition, (John Floyd, Virginia, and Wm. Wirt, Maryland,)
33,108.
ELECTORAL VOTE.--For President, Andrew Jackson, 219; Henry Clay, 49;
John Floyd, 11; Wm. Wirt, 7.--Total 288. Twenty-four States voting.
For Vice-President, Martin Van Buren, 189; John Sergeant, Pennsylvania,
49; William Wilkins, Pennsylvania, 30; Henry Lee, Massachusetts, 11;
Amos Ellmaker, Pennsylvania, 7.
1837 to 1841.--Martin Van Buren, President, inaugurated March 4, 1837.
Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, Vice-President. He was born in 1780,
and died Nov. 19, 1850.
POPULAR VOTE.--For President, Martin Van Buren, 762,149; Opposition,
(Wm. H. Harrison, Hugh L. White, Daniel Webster, W.P. Mangum,) 736,736.
ELECTORAL VOTE.--For President, Martin Van Buren, 170; Wm. H. Harrison,
Ohio, 73; Hugh L. White, Tennessee, 26; Daniel Webster, Massachusetts,
14; W.P. Mangum, 11.--Total, 294. Twenty-six States voting.
For Vice-President, Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky, 147; Francis Granger,
New York, 77; John Tyler, Virginia, 47; Wm. Smith, Alabama, 23.
1841 to 1845--Wm. Henry Harrison, of Ohio, President, until his death,
at Washington, April 4, 1841. He was inaugurated March 4, 1841. He was
born in Berkeley county, Va., Feb. 9, 1773.
John Tyler, of Virginia, Vice-President. He was born April, 1790, at
Greenway, Charles City county, Va.
John Tyler, of Virginia, became President by the death of W.H. Harrison.
He took the oath of office April 6, 1841.
POPULAR VOTE.--Nov. 1840.--For President, Wm. Henry Harrison, 1,274,783;
Martin Van Buren, 1,128,702; James G. Birney, New York, (Abolition,)
7,609.
ELECTORAL VOTE.--For President, W.H. Harrison, 234; M. Van Buren,
60.--Total, 294. Twenty-six States voting.
For Vice-President, John Tyler, 234; Richard M. Johnson, 48; L.W.
Tazewell, South Carolina, 11; James K. Polk, Tennessee, 1.
1845 to 1849.--James Knox Polk, of Tennessee, President, inaugurated
March 4, 1845. He was born in Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, Nov.
2, 1795, and died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849.
George Mifflin Dallas, of Pennsylvania, Vice-President. Born in
Philadelphia, July 10, 1792.
POPULAR VOTE.--For President, James K. Polk, 1,335,834; Henry Clay,
1,297,033; James G. Birney, 62,290.
ELECTORAL VOTE.--For President, James K. Polk, 170; Henry Clay,
105.--Total, 275. Twenty-six States voting.
For Vice-President, George M. Dallas, 170; Theodore Frelinghuysen, of
New Jersey, 105.
1849 to 1853.--Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, President, inaugurated
March 4, 1849. Born in Virginia, 1784, died in Washington City, July 9,
1850.
Millard Fillmore, of New York, Vice-President. Born in Locke township,
Cayuga county, N.Y., Jan. 7, 1800.
Millard Fillmore, President, after the death of Zachary Taylor, July 9,
1850. He took the oath of office, July 10, 1850.
POPULAR VOTE.--For President, Zachary Taylor, 1,362,031; Lewis Cass, of
Michigan, 1,222,445; Martin Van Buren, (Free-Soil,) 291,455.
ELECTORAL VOTE.--For President, Zachary Taylor, 163; Lewis Cass,
127.--Total, 290. Thirty States voting.
For Vice-President, Millard Fillmore, 163; William O. Butler, Kentucky,
127.
1853 to 1857.--Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire, President, inaugurated
March 5, 1853. He was born at Hillsboro, N.H., Nov. 23, 1804.
William R. King, of Alabama, Vice-President. He was born in North
Carolina, April 7, 1786, died at Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853.
POPULAR VOTE.--For President, Franklin Pierce, 1,590,490; Winfield
Scott, 1,378,589; John P. Hale, New Hampshire, (Abolition,) 157,296.
ELECTORAL VOTE.--For President, Franklin Pierce, 254; Winfield Scott of
New Jersey, 42.--Total, 296. Thirty-one States voting.
For Vice President, Wm. R. King, 254; Wm. A. Graham, North Carolina, 42.
1857 to 1861.--James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, President. He was born
at Stony Batter, Franklin county, Penn., April 22, 1791.
John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, Vice-President. Born near Lexington,
Kentucky, Jan. 21, 1820.
POPULAR VOTE.--For President, James Buchanan, (Democratic.) 1,832,232;
John C. Fremont, California, (Republican,) 1,341,514; Millard Fillmore,
New York, (American,) 874,707.
ELECTORAL VOTE.--For President, James Buchanan, 174; John C. Fremont,
109; Millard Fillmore, 8.--Total, 291. Thirty-one States voting.
For Vice-President, John Breckenridge, 174; Wm. L. Dayton, New Jersey,
109; A.J. Donelson, Tennessee, 8.--Total, 291.
1861 to 1865.--Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, President, inaugurated
March 4, 1861. He was born near Muldraugh's Hill, Hardin county, Ky.,
Feb. 1809.
Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, Vice-President. He was born at Paris, Oxford
county, Me., Aug. 27, 1809.
POPULAR VOTE.--For President, Abraham Lincoln, (Republican,) 1,857,610;
Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, (Democratic,) 1,365,976; John C.
Breckenridge, of Kentucky, (Democratic,) 847,953; John Bell, of
Tennessee, (Constitutional Union,) 590,631.
ELECTORAL VOTE.--For President, Abraham Lincoln, 180; John C.
Breckinridge, 72; John Bell, 39; Stephen A. Douglas, 12.--Total, 291.
Thirty-three States voting.
For Vice-President, Hannibal Hamlin, Maine, 180; Joseph Lane, Oregon,
72; Edward Everett, Massachusetts, 39; Herschel V. Johnson, Georgia, 12.
1865 to 1869.--Abraham Lincoln, President, inaugurated March 4, 1865.
Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, Vice-President.
POPULAR VOTE.--For President, Abraham Lincoln, (Republican,) 3,213,035;
George B. McClellan, (Democrat,) 1,811,754.
Upon the assassination of President Lincoln, April 14, 1865, Andrew
Johnson, then Vice-President, assumed the Presidency, and Lafayette S.
Foster, of Norwich, Conn., President of the Senate, became
Vice-President.
POPULAR NAMES OF STATES.
Virginia, the Old Dominion.
Massachusetts, the Bay State.
Maine, the Border State.
Rhode Island, Little Rhody.
New York, the Empire State.
New Hampshire, the Granite State.
Vermont, the Green Mountain State.
Connecticut, the Land of Steady Habits.
Pennsylvania, the Keystone State.
North Carolina, the Old North State.
Ohio, the Buckeye State.
South Carolina, the Palmetto State.
Michigan, the Wolverine State.
Kentucky, the Corn-Cracker.
Delaware, the Blue Hen's Chicken.
Missouri, the Puke State.
Indiana, the Hoosier State.
Illinois, the Sucker State.
Iowa, the Hawkeye State.
Wisconsin, the Badger State.
Florida, the Peninsular State.
Texas, the Lone Star State.
BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION.
The following statistics show the losses of life in the various battles
of the American Revolution, also the dates of the several battles:
British American
Loss. Loss.
Lexington, April 15, 1775 273 84
Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 1054 456
Flatbush, August 12, 1776 400 200
White Plains, August 26, 1776 400 400
Trenton, December 25, 1776 1000 9
Princeton, January 5, 1777 400 100
Hubbardstown, August 17, 1777 800 800
Bennington, August 16, 1777 800 100
Brandywine, September 11, 1777 500 1100
Stillwater, September 17, 1777 600 350
Germantown, October 5, 1777 600 1250
Saratoga, October 17, 1777[A] 5752 ....
Red Hook, October 22, 1777 500 32
Monmouth, June 25, 1778 400 130
Rhode Island, August 27, 1778 260 214
Briar Creek, March 30, 1779 13 400
Stony Point, July 15, 1779 600 100
Camden, August 16, 1779 375 610
King's Mountain, October 1, 1780 950 66
Cowpens, January 17, 1781 800 72
Guilford C.H., March 15, 1781 532 400
Hobkirk's Hill, April 25, 1781 400 460
Eutaw Springs, September, 1781 1000 550
Yorktown, October, 1781[A] 7072 ....
Total 25,481 7913
[A] Surrendered.
NEUTRALITY LAW OF THE UNITED STATES,
AS AMENDED AND APPROVED BY CONGRESS, JULY 26, 1866.
A Bill more effectually to preserve the neutral relations of the United
States.
_Be it enacted, &c._, That if any citizen of the United States shall,
within the territory or jurisdiction thereof, accept and exercise a
commission to serve a foreign prince, State, colony, district, or people
in war by land or by sea against any prince, State, colony, district or
people with whom the United States are at peace, the person so offending
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall on conviction thereof
be punished by a fine of not exceeding $2,000 and imprisonment not
exceeding two years, or either, at the discretion of the Court in which
such offender may be convicted.
SEC. 2. _And be it further enacted_, That if any person shall, within
the territory or jurisdiction of the United States enlist, or enter
himself, or hire or retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or
to go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United States, with
intent to be enlisted or entered into the service of any foreign prince,
State, colony, district or people as a soldier, or as a marine or seaman
on board of any vessel-of-war, letter-of-marque or privateer, every
person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall
upon conviction therefor be punished by fine not exceeding $1,000, and
imprisonment not exceeding two years, or either of them, at the
discretion of the Court, in case such offender shall be convicted;
provided that this act shall not be construed to extend to any subject
or citizen of any foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, who
shall transiently be within the United States, and shall be on board of
any vessel of war, letter-of-marque or privateer, which, at the time of
its arrival within the United States, was fitted and equipped as such,
enlist or enter himself, and hire or retain another subject or citizen
of the same foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, who is
transiently in the United States, to enlist or enter himself to serve
such foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, on board such
vessel of war, letter-of-marque or privateer, if the United States shall
then be at peace with such foreign prince, State, colony, district or
people.
SEC. 3. _And be it further enacted_, That if any person shall within the
limits of the United States fit out and arm or attempt to fit out and
arm, or procure to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowingly be
concerned in the furnishing, fitting out and arming of any ship or
vessel with intent that such ship or vessel shall be employed in the
service of any foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, to
cruise or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens or property
of any foreign prince, State, or any colony, district or people with
whom the United States are at peace, or shall issue or deliver a
commission within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States for
any ship or vessel to the intent that she may be employed as aforesaid,
or shall have on board any person or persons who shall have been
enlisted, or shall have engaged to enlist or serve or shall be departing
from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent to enlist or
serve in contravention of the provisions of this act, every person so
offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon
conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding $3,000, and
imprisonment not exceeding three years, or either of them, at the
discretion of the Court in which such offender shall be convicted; and
every such ship and vessel, with her tackle, apparel and furniture,
together with all materials, arms, ammunition and stores which may have
been procured for the building and equipment thereof, shall be forfeited
to the United States of America.
SEC. 4. _And be it further enacted_, That it shall be lawful for any
Collector of the Customs who is by law empowered to make seizures for
any forfeiture incurred under any of the laws of Customs, to seize such
ships and vessels in such places and in such manner in which the
officers of the Customs are empowered to make seizures under the law for
the collection and protection of the revenue, and that every such ship
and vessel, with the tackle, apparel and furniture, together with all
the materials, arms, ammunition and stores which may belong to or be on
board such ship or vessel, may be prosecuted or condemned for the
violation of the provisions of this act in like manner as ships or
vessels may be prosecuted and condemned for any breach of the laws made
for the collection and protection of the revenue.
SEC. 5. _And be it further enacted_, That if any person shall within the
territory or jurisdiction of the United States, increase or augment, or
procure to be increased or augmented, or shall knowingly be concerned in
increasing or augmenting the force of any ship of war, or cruiser, or
other armed vessel, which at the time of her arrival within the United
States was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel in the service of
any foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, or belonged to
the subjects or citizens of any such prince, State, colony, district or
people, the same being at war with any foreign prince, State, colony,
district or people with whom the United States are at peace, by adding
to the number of guns of such vessel, or by changing those on board of
her for guns of a larger calibre, or by addition thereto of any
equipment solely applicable to war, or shall have on board any person or
persons who shall have enlisted, or engaged to enlist or serve, or who
shall be departing from the jurisdiction of the United States with
intent to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions of this
act; every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
and shall upon conviction thereof be punished by fine or imprisonment,
or either of them, at the discretion of the court in which such offender
shall be convicted.
SEC. 6. _And be it further enacted_, That the District Courts shall take
cognizance of all complaints, informations, indictments, or other
prosecutions, by whomsoever instituted, in cases of captures made within
the waters of the United States or within a marine league of the coasts
or shores thereof.
SEC. 7. _And be it further enacted_, That in every case in which a
vessel shall be fitted out and armed, or in which the force of any
vessel of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel shall be increased or
augmented, in every case of the capture of a ship or vessel within the
jurisdiction or protection of the United States, as before defined, and
in every case in which any process issuing out of any court of the
United States shall be disobeyed or resisted by any person or persons
having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser or other, armed vessel
of any prince or State, or of any colony, district or people, or of any
subjects or citizens of any foreign prince, State, or of any colony,
district or people in any such case, it shall be lawful for the
President of the United States, or such other person as he shall have
empowered for that purpose to employ such part of the land and naval
forces of the United States or of the militia thereof, for the purpose
of taking of and detaining any such ship or vessel with her prize or
prizes, if any, in order to the execution of the prohibition or
penalties of this act, and to the restoring the prize or prizes in the
cases in which restoration shall have been adjudged.
SEC. 8. _And be it further enacted_, That it shall be lawful for the
President of the United States, or such person as he shall empower for
that purpose, to employ such part of the land and naval forces of the
United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall be necessary to
compel any foreign ship or vessel to depart the United States in all
cases in which, by the laws of nations or the treaties of the United
States they ought not to remain within the United States.
SEC. 9. _And be it further enacted_, That offences made punishable by
the provisions of this act, committed by citizens of the United States,
beyond the jurisdiction of the United States, may be prosecuted and
tried before any court having jurisdiction of the offences prohibited by
this act.
SEC. 10. _And be it further enacted_, That nothing in this act shall be
so construed as to prohibit citizens of the United States from selling
vessels, ships or steamers built within the limits thereof, or materials
or munitions of war, the growth or product of the same, to inhabitants
of other countries, or to Governments not at war with the United States:
provided that the operation of this section of this act shall be
suspended by the President of the United States with regard to any
classes of purchases, whenever the United States shall be engaged in
war, or whenever the maintenance of friendly relations with any foreign
nation may in his judgment require it.
SEC. 11. _And be it further enacted_, That nothing in the foregoing act
shall be construed to prevent the prosecution or punishment of treason,
or any piracy or other felony defined by the laws of the United States.
SEC. 12. _And be it further enacted_, That all acts and parts of acts
inconsistent with the provisions of this act or inflicting any further
or other penalty or forfeiture than are hereinbefore provided for. The
acts forbidden herein are hereby repealed.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATES. 1850. 1860.
Alabama 771,623 964,296
Arkansas 209,897 435,427
California 92,597 380,015
Connecticut 370,792 460,151
Delaware 91,532 112,218
Florida 87,445 140,439
Georgia 906,185 1,057,327
Illinois 851,470 1,711,753
Indiana 988,416 1,350,479
Iowa 192,214 674,948
Kansas ... 107,710
Kentucky 982,405 1,155,713
Louisiana 517,762 709,433
Maine 583,169 628,276
Maryland 583,034 687,034
Massachusetts 994,514 1,231,065
Michigan 397,654 749,112
Minnesota 6,077 162,022
Mississippi 606,026 791,395
Missouri 682,044 1,173,317
New Hampshire 317,976 326,072
New Jersey 489,555 672,031
New York 3,097,394 3,887,542
North Carolina 869,039 992,667
Ohio 1,980,329 2,339,599
Oregon 12,093 52,464
Pennsylvania 2,311,786 2,906,370
Rhode Island 147,545 174,621
South Carolina 668,507 703,812
Tennessee 1,002,717 1,109,847
Texas 212,592 601,039
Vermont 314,120 315,116
Virginia 1,421,661 1,596,083
Wisconsin 305,391 775,873
TERRITORIES, ETC.
Colorado .... 34,197
Dakotah .... 4,839
Nebraska .... 28,842
Nevada .... 6,857
New Mexico 61,547 93,541
Utah 11,380 40,295
Washington 1,201 11,578
District of Columbia 51,687 75,076
Total 23,191,876 31,429,891
SLAVE POPULATION IN THE U.S. IN 1860.
STATES. 1850. 1860.
Alabama 342,844 435,132
Arkansas 47,100 111,104
Delaware 2,290 1,798
Florida 39,310 61,753
Georgia 381,682 462,230
Kentucky 210,981 225,490
Louisiana 244,809 332,520
Maryland 90,368 87,188
Mississippi 309,878 436,696
Missouri 87,422 114,965
North Carolina 288,548 331,081
South Carolina 384,984 402,541
Tennessee 239,459 275,784
Texas 58,161 180,388
Virginia 472,528 490,887
Nebraska (Territory) .. 10
Utah " .. 29
New Mexico " 26 24
District of Columbia 3,687 3,181
Total 3,204,077 3,952,801
STATISTICS OF SLAVERY BEFORE THE REVOLUTION.
AMERICAN SLAVERY IN 1715.
In the reign of George I., the ascertained population of the Continental
Colonies was as follows:
White Men. Negro Slaves.
New Hampshire 9,500 150
Massachusetts 94,000 2,000
Rhode Island 7,500 500
Connecticut 46,000 1,500
New York 27,000 4,000
Pennsylvania 43,300 2,500
New Jersey 21,000 1,500
Maryland 40,700 9,400
Virginia 72,000 23,000
North Carolina 7,500 3,700
South Carolina 6,250 10,500
Total 375,000 58,550
SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS.
DELIVERED AT CHICAGO, MAY 1ST, 1861.
MR. CHAIRMAN: I thank you for the kind terms in which you have been
pleased to welcome me. I thank the Committee and citizens of Chicago for
this grand and imposing reception. I beg you to believe that I will not
do you nor myself the injustice to believe this magnificent ovation is
personal homage to myself. I rejoice to know that it expresses your
devotion to the Constitution, the Union, and the flag of our country.
(Cheers.)
I will not conceal gratification at the uncontrovertible test this vast
audience presents--that what political differences or party questions
may have divided us, yet you all had a conviction that when the country
should be in danger, my loyalty could be relied on. That the present
danger is imminent, no man can conceal. If war must come--if the bayonet
must be used to maintain the Constitution--I can say before God my
conscience is clean. I have struggled long for a peaceful solution of
the difficulty. I have not only tendered those States what was theirs of
right, but I have gone to the very extreme of magnanimity.
The return we receive is war, armies marched upon our capital,
obstructions and dangers to our navigation, letters of marque to invite
pirates to prey upon our commerce, a concerted movement to blot out the
United States of America from the map of the globe. The question is, Are
we to maintain the country of our fathers, or allow it to be stricken
down by those who, when they can no longer govern, threaten to destroy?
What cause, what excuse do disunionists give us for breaking up the best
Government on which the sun of heaven ever shed its rays? They are
dissatisfied with the result of a Presidential election. Did they never
get beaten before? Are we to resort to the sword when we get defeated at
the ballot box? I understand it that the voice of the people expressed
in the mode appointed by the Constitution must command the obedience of
every citizen. They assume, on the election of a particular candidate,
that their rights are not safe in the Union. What evidence do they
present of this? I defy any man to show any act on which it is based.
What act has been omitted to be done? I appeal to these assembled
thousands that so far as the constitutional rights of the Southern
States, I will say the constitutional rights of slaveholders, are
concerned, nothing has been done, and nothing omitted, of which they can
complain.
There has never been a time from the day that Washington was inaugurated
first President of these United States, when the rights of the Southern
States stood firmer under the laws of the land than they do now; there
never was a time when they had not as good a cause for disunion as they
have to-day. What good cause have they now that has not existed under
every Administration?
If they say the Territorial question--now, for the first time, there is
no act of Congress prohibiting slavery anywhere. If it be the
non-enforcement of the laws, the only complaints that I have heard have
been of the too vigorous and faithful fulfilment of the Fugitive Slave
Law. Then what reason have they?
The slavery question is a mere excuse. The election of Lincoln is a mere
pretext. The present secession movement is the result of an enormous
conspiracy formed more than a year since--formed by leaders in the
Southern Confederacy more than twelve months ago.