FROM THE TIME OF LEAVING POCAHONTAS TO THE PRESENT.
_Orders to move camp--March to Eastport--Regiment detached for
scouting duty--From Eastport to Pulaski--Pulaski to
Athens--Scouting along the Tennessee--Going into
quarters--Roddy's Raid--Scout below Florence._
As stated in the preceding chapter, there had been much said about our
Regiment leaving camp and being thrown out into an active campaign;
that that excitement had passed away, and the boys had prepared
themselves with comfortable quarters in which to spend the winter.
When thus comfortably fixed for living during the winter, orders came
for the Regiment to be ready to move on the morning of October 30th.
Thus the comfortable little dwellings prepared by the boys; the chapel
prepared for our religious services; the new hospital just finished,
and such like comforts were all left behind. But such is the common lot
of soldiers. They have a very uncertain life before them. They know
not to-day, where they shall be on to-morrow. The order was to conduct
a Battery to Corinth. Whence, from there, we knew not.
The morning of October 30th came, and with it heavy clouds, threatening
rain. Baggage must be packed up. Tents must be struck. Wagons must be
loaded. By about 8 ½ A. M., all was ready, and we were on the march.
About the time we started, it commenced raining, and rained heavily all
day. This made it difficult for the Battery wagons to proceed rapidly.
Came to Cypress Creek and bottom. The stream was very difficult to
cross. There was a swampy bottom, of three miles, which we had to
cross. The Battery did not get through it that night, but camped in the
bottom. The right wing of the Regiment moved out to the ridge beyond,
and there awaited the arrival of Battery and left wing. It being found
they could not get through that night, all went into bivouack until
morning. At an early hour on the morning of the 31st, the Regiment and
Battery were on the move. We reached Corinth about 1 P. M., of the
31st. Here we were relieved as escort to the Battery. Went into camp in
the barracks lately occupied by the 50th Ill. Regiment. Here we
remained until the morning of the 3d of November.
On the 2d of November, we were mustered for pay. Received orders on the
2d, to move the next morning, as escort to a train, to Iuka. Orders
were issued regulating the order of march. There was a train of about
200 wagons and ambulances. The advance was ordered to move at 4 A. M.,
and the rear at 6 A. M. The whole was under command of Lieut. Col.
Phillips. Such was the promptness with which he had each part of the
column to occupy its position, that when the rear moved, and he went to
the telegraph office to dispatch to Gen. Dodge that all were moving, it
lacked ten minutes of six o'clock. Moved on steadily until noon. Halted
one hour to water and rest. At 5 P. M., we reached Iuka, a distance of
25 miles. It was regarded a very speedy trip for so long a train. We
bivouacked for the night, near Iuka. On the morning of the 4th of
November, we moved at 10 A. M., as escort to a train of 150 wagons, to
the crossing of the Tennessee River at Eastport. We arrived at Eastport
at 2 P. M.
Gen. Dodge's orders to Lieut. Col. Phillips, commanding the 9th Ill.
Inft., was, that immediately upon his arrival at Eastport, he should
leave the train, together with his own Regimental teams on this side,
and ferry the Regiment across the river, so as to be ready to move as
early as practicable on the following day. The Regiment was all across
by about sundown, and bivouacked one-half mile from the river.
Our Regiment, Lieut. Col. Phillips commanding, was ordered on detached
duty, and thus separated from the 2d Brigade, to which it properly
belonged.
I might here state that the whole of the 2d Division of the 16th Army
Corps, under command of Gen. Sweeney, Gen. Dodge being the department
commander, had taken up the march from Corinth on the 2d and 3d of
November, and was engaged in being ferried across the Tennessee River
at Eastport.
Gen. Dodge's order, detaching the 9th Ill. Inft., assigned it to
_scouting_ and _foraging_ for animals. The Division teams needed
recruiting. Horses and mules must be procured in the country through
which we were about to march, for this purpose. Gen. Sherman had lately
marched his army through the same country, and it was very naturally
supposed that animals would be scarce. Hence, a part of the order to
our Regiment was to gather up all the horses, mules, cattle and sheep
that could be found in the country. It was further ascertained that
portions of Rebel cavalry had crossed North of the Tennessee River, to
annoy our forces on their march. Hence, an additional duty assigned to
the 9th Ill. was to make reconnoisances and watch the movements of the
enemy.
On the night of the 4th, Lieut. Col. Phillips issued orders to be ready
to move at 6 A. M., the next morning. He also issued orders detailing
one non-commissioned officer and six men from each company for foraging
purposes, and instructing the foragers to bring in all horses, mules,
cattle and sheep that could be found on our route. All soldiers were
forbidden to leave the ranks, except such as were detailed for that
purpose.
On the morning of the 5th of October, the Regiment was on the march by
daybreak. Took the Florence road, for about three miles. Turned North,
and traveled about ten miles through a poor, rough, broken country.
Halted to make inquiry as to the country. Found a good Union man, with
a clever family. Had the old man to go with us, as a guide. The
Regiment here separated and traveled two different roads. About noon
the flankers of the right wing were fired on, near a house. A number of
shots were fired. Several horses and some cattle were taken. Halted to
feed, two hours. During that time the left wing came in. All having
fed, we took up the march again. Proceeded in the direction of
Florence. Bivouacked for the night, after dark, about 14 miles from
Florence. It had rained almost constantly during the day. Was still
raining some when we halted. There was a fair prospect for a
disagreeable night for laying out. But it did not rain much during the
night. We brought in two men as prisoners, and about forty head of
horses and mules, with some cattle.
November 6th, the Regiment moved at sunrise, bearing South. At 2 P. M.,
we came into a rich country. Plantations large; abundance of negroes;
stock was plenty, which was gathered up. At many of the plantations we
would collect 20 or 25 mules. Halted two or three hours and gathered up
stock and fed. We then moved five or six miles West, and bivouacked for
the night near a house owned by a large planter. The woman applied for
protection. No one was allowed to enter the house. Negroes came in from
different plantations. Through them we gathered much information as to
the whereabouts of stock. Did not leave camp until about 11 A. M., of
the 7th November. Sent out companies in different directions, to forage
for stock. Succeeded in gathering a large amount of it. We were here
South of the road leading from Eastport to Florence. We had crossed
that road on the afternoon of the 6th.
During both the days we were out, we could frequently hear of forces of
the Rebel cavalry on the North side of the river. They were often very
near us, but always kept out of our way.
November 7th, at 11 A. M., we took up our march to strike the Florence
road, hoping to meet the Brigade. We met them, and reported 300 head of
horses and mules, 250 head of cattle, and 200 head of sheep, which we
brought in and turned over. We met the column about 2 P. M., and
bivouacked near a large brick house, residence of Captain Boggs.
The Regiment was now ordered to draw five days rations, and scout on
the left flank of the advancing column. The main column, consisting of
the 2d Division, 16th Army Corps, proceeded in the direction of
Pulaski, Tenn., leaving Florence about eight miles to the right. On the
march Col. Mersy, commanding 2d Brigade, had orders to burn a large
Cotton Factory, which was being run by orders from the Southern
Confederacy. The factory, together with the raw cotton, was worth about
$100,000. The whole establishment was consigned to the flames on the
morning of the 10th of November.
When the 9th Ill. Inft. left the advancing column, on the morning of
the 8th, it proceeded in the direction of Waynesboro, and bivouacked
twelve miles North-east of Waynesboro, and twenty miles from Gravelly
Springs. Moved forward again early on the morning of the 9th, and
marched thirty-five miles, bivouacking near Lawrenceburg. We moved
again on the morning of the 10th, traversing the country to see that no
Rebel forces were there to molest the column. We passed through Mt.
Pleasant. Bivouacked for the night five miles from Columbia, near the
residence of Bishop (now Rebel General) Polk's residence. On the
morning of the 11th, moved into Columbia, and proceeded in the
direction of Pulaski, Tenn. Bivouacked two and a half miles from
Pulaski. On the morning of the 12th, moved into Pulaski, and joined the
column.
During this scout of four days, part of our business still being to
collect stock, we brought in 500 head of horses and mules. Passed
through some very fine and well improved country. There was no
opposition met from the enemy, worth noting.
From the time of leaving camp at Pocahontas, up to our arrival at
Pulaski, we supposed (at least the uninitiated) that our whole force
was moving on in the direction of Chattanooga, and that was our
destination. We expected soon to reach that place and take part in the
great battle pending there. But on arriving at Pulaski, Gen. Dodge
established his Head Quarters there, and his command were stationed
along the Railroad running from Nashville to Decatur, to repair the
road for use. The 2d Brigade, with the exception of the 9th Ill. Inft.,
went into camp at Pulaski. The 9th was still ordered on detached duty,
and sent to establish a post at Athens, Alabama.
On the afternoon of the 12th of November, we moved South of Pulaski,
along the line of the Railroad, and bivouacked nine miles from Pulaski,
near where the Ohio Brigade were in bivouack. Here the men were ordered
to draw five days rations, in their haversacks. They were also notified
that our train and baggage would be left behind, and to make a change
of clothing if they desired it.
On the morning of the 13th of November, we moved at daylight,
Southward, leaving our wagons, baggage, and hospital to proceed with
the Ohio Brigade to Prospect, where that Brigade was to be stationed.
At Prospect, we forded the Elk River. When the advance reached the
river, and were looking for a ford, some Rebel soldiers were seen on
the opposite side, and fired upon. They interposed no obstacle to our
crossing, however. After crossing the river, one battalion, under
command of Captain Lowe, proceeded by a circuitous and Westerly route.
The remainder of the Regiment proceeded by the direct route to Athens,
Ala., arriving there before sunset. A few miles North of the town, one
man of Company G, was taken prisoner when out foraging, by a few Rebel
soldiers who were in the neighborhood. A small force of Rebel cavalry
had occupied Athens on that day, but they speedily left on our arrival.
The advance of our column came very rapidly into town, pursuing the
party who had captured our man. They were pursued some distance
through the town. On our arrival, Lieut. Col. Phillips, who was in
command of the Regiment during the entire march, took possession of the
town. Captain I. Clements was appointed as Provost Marshal, with his
Company (G) as Provost Guard. Captain Lowe, with his battalion, reached
Athens sometime after dark.
The Regiment went into bivouack in different parts of the town. Col.
Phillips made his Head Quarters in the Court House.
On the morning of the 14th of November, the entire Regiment, under
command of Lieut. Col. Phillips, moved South towards Decatur. Proceeded
to the bank of the river opposite Decatur, and reconnoitered the
position. Found the Rebels were occupying the town, and had a Battery
of two guns. We moved back two miles, halted and fed. Parties were sent
in different directions to reconnoiter. The entire Regiment returned to
Athens the same evening, and bivouacked as on the previous night.
On the morning of the 15th of November, the Regiment moved out one mile
North-east of town, and went into camp. Here we remained until the
morning of the 18th, simply sending out single companies each day to
reconnoiter.
One object of our expedition was to examine the condition of the
Railroad and telegraph line. On leaving Pulaski, Lieut. Oats, with
twelve men, was detailed for that purpose. He proceeded along the line
of the Railroad from Pulaski to Decatur, examining carefully its
condition. The writer was requested by Lieut. Col. Phillips to
accompany him, and report the condition of the telegraph. We were often
separated two or three miles from the main column.
On the evening of the 17th, a portion of the teams came down from
Pulaski, with five days rations, and returned to Prospect the next
morning.
On the morning of the 18th November, the entire Regiment moved West, in
the direction of Florence. Crossed Elk River, fifteen miles West of
Athens, and halted to feed. During the afternoon of this day, when near
Rodgersville, the advance were fired upon by a squad of Rebels, who
broke and ran. No one hurt. Two companies moved rapidly down to the
Tennessee River, at Lamb's Ferry, hoping to capture the boat. But it
was on the other side of the river. Moved West on the Florence road,
and bivouacked for the night nine miles West of Rodgersville.
November 19th, we moved at daylight, Westward on the Florence road. At
Shoal Creek bridge the advance encountered and chased some Rebels, who
seemed to be guarding the bridge. Proceeded rapidly with two
companies, to Bambridge Ferry, six miles above Florence, and captured
the ferry-boat. The Rebels opened fire from the opposite side of the
river. Our two companies were deployed as skirmishers, and returned the
fire. A brisk fire was kept up for one hour, until the boat was
destroyed, when we started on our return march. Re-crossed Shoal Creek.
Halted and fed. Mounted and continued our return march. Bivouacked for
the night West of Elk River.
We moved again early on the morning of the 20th of November, and
returned to Athens about 12 M. Proceeded through town, on the Decatur
road, about six miles, halted and fed. From this point four companies
returned to Athens, and occupied our old camp. The remainder of the
Regiment proceeded to Moorsville. Found a force occupying that place,
and returned to camp at Athens on the 21st. On the afternoon of this
day, we moved our camp South-west of town.
The country having been completely explored, and considering there was
no immediate danger from the enemy, the Col. sent for our teams and
baggage. They arrived on the evening of the 21st, and the boys were
glad to have a change of clothing.
I would here say, that upon our first coming to Athens, it was not
deemed prudent to remove any baggage here, except such as could be
carried on our animals. Our Regiment was sent down here all alone, in
the midst of an enemy's country. No one knew the exact strength of the
enemy. It was fifteen miles to Prospect, where our nearest forces were.
The Elk River intervened, and was often past fording. At that time
there was no way of crossing it, except on a very small boat which
would only carry one wagon. It was a hazardous position we occupied, at
best. There was a heavy force of Rebels South of the Tennessee River.
There were a number of ferries for crossing at different points. But
having reconnoitered the country, and destroyed several of the enemy's
ferries, it was thought our train might be brought down with safety.
From the time we left camp at Pocahontas, until our train was brought
down, we had been out 23 days, and on the march nearly all the time.
During this time, we had with us no tents or covering of any kind,
except such as we carried on our animals. We would march all day, often
making 40 and 45 miles, and then lay down on the ground at night, with
no covering but our blankets. During this time, we marched over 400
miles.
When our train arrived, and our camping ground was determined we had no
tents, which could be quickly spread for a shelter. Most of the boys
were under the necessity, for several nights, of doing as they had
done, sleeping in the open air. Soon lumber was procured, from the
fence around the Fair Grounds and the buildings it contained, and
unoccupied stables and fences, with which to build shanties. But we had
no nails, and this country could furnish none. But where there were
buildings and fences, there were nails, and the old nails were
preserved, and thus the boys built their houses. After a time, they
were quite comfortable in them. The work of building "New Athens" was,
however much retarded by the fact that several companies of the
Regiment were almost constantly out on scouting duty. But ere long
their houses were finished, with comfortable fire-places attached.
As I have stated above, Lieut. Col. Phillips, with the 9th Ill. Inft.,
was detached, and sent to Athens to establish a post. It was a strange
kind of _post_ for two or three weeks. Much was said about "Col.
Phillips' circulating post." After we were settled down in our camp,
however, Col. Phillips formally assumed command of the post, with his
Head Quarters in town, leaving Major Kuhn in command of the Regiment.
Still the _post_, or its head, was rather circulatory; for whenever the
Regiment was out on a scout of any considerable importance, the Col.
was sure to go along.
It devolved upon our Regiment not only to hold its post at Athens, but
to guard the crossings of the Tennessee River for a distance of not
less than fifty miles in length. Consequently, there was a great amount
of scouting duty to perform. Almost daily, the various crossings of the
Tennessee River, between Decatur and Florence, were visited by portions
of our Regiment, and the ferry-boats either destroyed or captured.
On the 28th of November, three companies, under command of Lieut. Col.
Phillips, moved West at 11 P. M., on the Florence road, and crossed Elk
River, in search of some Rebel cavalry said to have crossed the
Tennessee River that evening. He came upon and captured a squad of
fifteen of them. Not finding any more force, he was returning to camp
the next morning with his prisoners, when he was met by a dispatch from
Gen. Dodge, stating that a large body of Rebels had crossed about
Florence, and ordering him to reconnoiter and watch their movements,
and develop their strength. A squad of men were sent in with the
prisoners, with orders for one company more to join him. He had gone
out with only one days' rations. The company that joined him could not
carry rations to him, for we were short in camp. Our teams had gone to
Pulaski for rations. The Division teams from Columbia had not arrived
with rations, as expected. Our teams were detained there several days.
But the boys of the 9th are not likely to starve, when there is
anything in the country around them to eat.
The first night they camped near the town of Rodgersville. The Col.
sent orders to the different houses in town, requiring each to supply a
certain number of rations of corn bread. Some demurred, saying they had
nothing of which to make bread. A second order was sent that if it was
not provided in such a length of time, he would burn their houses. This
brought corn bread in abundance, but not of a very fine quality. The
next night they camped near a good supply of sweet potatoes, to which
they helped themselves. The following day they came across a store of
Rebel commissaries, and were thus further provided. They were out four
days. Came upon a body of Rebels, of whom they captured about thirty.
When pursuing them, Col. Phillips was chasing his man, and made a sabre
stroke at him, cutting him over the head. About that time, the Col.'s
horse fell, and threw him on his face on the frozen ground. He captured
his man, however.
On the 25th of January, 1864, Companies B, C, D, F, H, I and K, under
command of Lieut. Col. Phillips, moved out on a reconnoisance West.
This left but three companies in camp. Company A was doing picket duty.
Company G was acting as Provost Guard, and stationed in town. This left
Company E in camp alone. News of the weakness of our force was
immediately carried over the river, and Gen. Roddy notified of it.
Consequently, early on the morning of the 26th of January, about 4
A. M., our camp was attacked by Gen. Roddy, with 700 men and two pieces
of artillery. The pickets on the West of our camp were fired upon.
Company E moved out promptly to support the pickets, when they met the
overwhelming force of the enemy. After a brief engagement, and finding
the strength of the enemy, this company fell back into town, to
co-operate with Company G. This gave the Rebels possession of our camp.
They plundered it of all the baggage and valuables. Our men were
pursued into the town, the Rebels occupying the Southern part of the
town, and our boys the Northern part. The Rebels also placed their
artillery in position, and began to shell the town. After a smart
skirmish of about forty minutes, the enemy retreated, and returned
towards the river. This they did, although they numbered ten to our
one.
The loss of the 9th, in this engagement, was two men wounded, viz:
Spring, of Company C, (since dead,) and Holcomb, of Company I. One man,
not a soldier, but an employe of our Surgeon, was shot in the hospital
yard, although entirely unarmed. The enemy admit a loss of six killed
and eighteen wounded. Three of our boys pursued them, and fired upon
them when a short distance from the river, killing one and wounding
two. They returned to camp safely, except that they lost their horses.
The officers lost all their baggage and effects, except such as they
had with them. So with the men.
On the 28th, seven companies, under command of Lieut. Col. Phillips,
moved West on the Florence road. Bivouacked for the night, eight miles
East of Florence.
Early on the 29th, moved into Florence, chasing some Rebel soldiers
from the town. Passed on twelve miles West of Florence, to Pride's
Ferry. Here we had a sight of some Rebels, but they made good their
escape. We destroyed a factory and mill in this region. Captured a
train of about twenty wagons with their teams.
Near this Ferry lives a man named Woods, who is living with a negro
woman as his wife. To this Woman he had a large number of children,
whom he was holding as slaves. He was holding about forty of his own
children as slaves. The Regiment foraged heavily upon him. About 3
P. M., we started on the return march, and bivouacked four miles from
Florence. In this region, large numbers of negroes came in, and
followed the Regiment on its return march to Athens.
On the morning of the 30th, moved towards Athens, and bivouacked for
the night, West of Elk River. On the 31st, reached camp at Athens.
The Regiment was out, during this expedition, four days. It brought in
about 500 negroes, men, women and children; 150 head of horses and
mules, and 100 head of cattle, besides a train of 20 wagons.
On the 15th of February, the Regiment, under command of Lieut. Col.
Phillips, moved to the Tennessee River, at Lucas & Brown's Ferry. The
Regiment remained in bivouac during that entire week. Their work was
patroling the river for ten or fifteen miles above and below Decatur,
capturing flat-boats and ferry-boats, constructing canoes, &c. The
weather was very cold. They had no shelter. Had to work much about the
water, and withal, it was a very hard week's duty. The Rebels were
occupying the other side of the river, and there was almost constant
firing at each other across the river. Lieut. Oats, of Co. K, was in a
flat-boat with fifteen men, when he was fired upon by about twenty
Rebels, at close range. One man of Co. I was severely wounded. The fire
was returned, and it is thought, from the noise, several of the enemy
were killed and wounded. The Lieutenant captured four Rebel prisoners.
The Regiment returned to camp on the 20th, leaving two companies to
patrol the river and guard our boats. During the week of boat
capturing, one flat-boat captured above Decatur "ran the blockade" past
the town, with three of our boys in it. They lay down flat, and let it
float. Many incidents of interest occurred during this week, but I have
not room to note them here.
On the 22d of February, the 39th Regiment Ohio Infantry arrived at
Athens, and went into camp. Col. Noyes, of the 39th Ohio, assumed
command of the post, relieving Lieut. Col. Phillips, who again assumed
command of the Regiment.
From the 20th of February, up to the 7th of March, two companies of the
9th Ill. was kept constantly at the Tennessee River, patroling it for
several miles below Decatur. These companies were relieved every two
days, by others. In the meantime several other regiments passed through
Athens, on their way towards Decatur. These were the 63d Ohio, 27th
Ohio, 43d Ohio, and 111th Illinois, with the 4th Michigan Battery.
The Railroad was completed about the last week of February, and the
cars commenced running through from Nashville. Soon boats to construct
a pontoon bridge at Decatur, commenced passing on the cars. Gen. Dodge,
who commands the department, was below. Active preparations were being
made for occupying Decatur. To do this, the Tennessee River must be
crossed, in the face of an opposing foe. The enemy was occupying
Decatur, and the South bank of the river at the various ferries below.
The Regiment was paid, by Major Gregory, on the 2d of March, 1864, for
the months of November and December. It had been paid on the 16th of
December, 1863, by Major Hinkley, for the months of September and
October, 1863.
On the morning of the 7th of March, the 9th Ill., together with a
detachment of 60 men of the 18th Mo., and two sections of a U. S.
Battery, stationed at Athens, received marching orders, and moved at 10
A. M., on the Lucas Ferry road. Arriving within two miles of the river
at 2 P. M., they halted and fed, remaining until near dark, when they
moved on to the river under cover of darkness.
It was known that an attempt would be made to cross the Tennessee River
that night or early the next morning, both at Lucas Ferry and Decatur.
The flat-boats, canoes, &c., which the 9th Ill. had for the past two or
three weeks been collecting at Lucas Ferry, would now be brought into
use. At Decatur, the boats intended for the construction of the pontoon
bridge, would be used for crossing. Gen. Dodge was at Decatur
superintending the crossing in person. Lieut. Col. Phillips, of the
9th Ill., was in charge of the expedition at Lucas Ferry, which is
three miles below Decatur.
The Regiment went into bivouac, after dark, about one hundred yards
from the river. The flat-boats and canoes had been moved up the river
one mile, so as to have the advantage of the current. Several pontoon
boats had been floated down a stream running from the Railroad to a
point within a mile or two of the Ferry. These had to be taken across
on wagons to the river and up to the point from which the boats were to
start. This occupied a portion of the men during the greater part of
the night.
Details were made, of three men from each company, who could man a
canoe, and four men from each company for boatmen. During the night
there was a heavy rain, after which it cleared up, and the stars shone
brightly. Before day, however, a very heavy fog settled over the water
and surrounding country. This was favorable to our crossing, as a man
could not be seen, on the water, only at a very short distance.
About 2 A. M., the artillery was placed in position on the river bank.
The forces were ordered into line. The details for canoe men and
boatmen received their orders. The advance were to pass over in canoes.
They were placed under the command of Lieut. Rollmann, and were
instructed to proceed directly across, as rapidly as possible. When
they struck the opposite shore, they were to abandon their canoes, and
hold the positions until the boats would get over.
The flat-boats and pontoons were placed under the command of Lieut
Oats. All were marched up the river to the boats, and at 4:30 A. M.,
the boats and canoes were loaded and started over. When the advance was
within about 30 yards of the shore, the enemy fired a few shots, and
retired rapidly in the direction of Courtland. The entire command
crossed over in one and a half hours, and reported at Decatur. During
the day and night following, the animals and teams were crossed over.
Capt. Lowe, who had the crossing of the animals in charge, was attacked
by a party of Rebels, and one man was taken prisoner.
The Regiment moved East, on the Courtland road, at 9:30 A. M., March
9th, and reached Courtland at 4 P. M., without meeting any body of the
enemy. We bivouacked for the night on the Moulton road, three miles
South of Courtland.
On the morning of the 10th of March, we moved into Moulton. The enemy
had left the place three hours before our arrival. They moved from
Moulton at daylight, on the Russelville road. We captured, at Moulton,
several prisoners, one flag, a quantity of ammunition, and hospital and
commissary stores. From Moulton, we moved towards Decatur, reaching
that place at sundown. There the Regiment was ordered into camp, to be
quartered in houses in town.
On the morning of the 11th of March, Adjutant Klock was ordered to
Athens with a squad of men, to have the camp and garrison equipage
moved to Decatur, which is being done at present writing, March 12th,
1864.
How long we will remain in Decatur, or where we shall go next, or how
we shall be employed during the remaining four months of our service,
are all matters in the future, and, in any department of life,
uncertain, but especially in military life.
There are some incidents of interest, which occurred during the period
of this chapter.
The first day after crossing the Tennessee River, while making for a
place to camp for the night, where we learned there was forage for our
animals, it began to get dark before we reached the point. The Col.
drew up before a house near the road, to make some inquiry. A man came
to the gate. Inquiry was made as to the distance to the point we wished
to reach. These inquiries were followed by others as to whether there
were any soldiers in the neighborhood. The reply was that there were.
_Col._--"Were they Yanks?"
_Citizen._--"Yes."
_Col._--"How many was there of them?"
_Citizen._--"Oh, there was a great many of them. At least 1,000."
_Col._--"Was that all? I can easily whip twice that number. But I
guess, my friend, you must go along and show us the road to their
camping ground."
The poor man, thinking that we were Rebel soldiers, called to one of
the boys to bring him out his horse until he would go with those men.
But when the boy went to the stable to get the horse, it was not there.
Our foraging parties had visited the stable, and relieved him of his
horse. He went into the house to get his coat. There, I think, he began
to realize that he was _sold_. Some of our boys had been in to get
"corn bread," and the old lady, I suppose, had noticed the blue
uniform, and reported us as "Yanks." When he came out he did not seem
near so willing to go along. But he went with us, and when we got into
camp, he waked up to the fact that he was a "prisoner of war." He had
been in the Rebel army, and was detailed as a blacksmith, to shoe the
horses through the country, that they might be ready for government
use. He was taken with us, as a prisoner. I saw him a week later, when
on our march, still a prisoner.
Another. On the next evening, an old negro man was with us when we
bivouacked. He was a preacher, and quite an oracle among the darkies in
that region of country. As we were gathered around our camp-fire, the
old man was called up to be questioned by the Colonel. After giving all
the information he could, he told us of his visions and spiritual
communications. Says he, "I sees all dis trouble seben years ago. I
sees _you alls_ a comin down from the Norf. I sees dese two great
armies, with dah uniforms on, and all dis fitin and killin one anoder."
On being asked how he saw all this, he replied, "I sees it
spiritually." He was asked if he saw which was going to whip, he said,
"Lor, massa, yes; I sees de Norf a whippin."
Still another. During the march from Corinth to Pulaski, Colonel Mersy
of the 9th, commanding Brigade, being in camp, sleeping near his
camp-fire, which was made of Chestnut rails, noted for their _popping_
propensities when burning, the fire flew out and set his clothes or
blankets on fire. The Head Quarters guard seeing it, went and awoke
him, telling him that he was on fire. His reply was, "Adjutant!
Adjutant!" But the Adjutant was sound asleep, and did not answer his
call. The Col. being scarcely awake, was soon asleep again. The guard
awoke him a second time, and told him he was on fire. "I tink dat no my
business; you wake de Adjutant." The Col., so full of military life,
and wishing everything to go through its proper military channel, felt,
in his half sleeping condition, that his Adjutant General must be
honored with the permission of getting up and putting out the fire.
Another one, in which our good Colonel is concerned. During the march,
just before going into camp, Rebel uniforms and other accoutrements of
war, were found at a house near the road. The soldiers made a pretty
general _red up_ of the establishment. After we were in camp, the woman
of the house came to Col. Mersy, with her complaint. She represented,
among other things, that she had been a widow for fifteen years. Soon
Surgeon Gulick, of the 9th, who was with the Col., heard him call,
"Doctor! Doctor!" The Doctor having arrived and awaiting orders, the
Col. addressed him: "Now, my dear Surgeon, you does tell me if dis
widow has been not married dese fifteen year."
Another one, which illustrates something of the habits of Southern
women. They nearly all use tobacco, in some shape. Some of them in the
various forms, of smoking, chewing, and _dipping_. When the Regiment
was on its march from Pulaski to Athens, the writer was with a squad of
men, who were traveling along the Railroad examining its condition.
Being separated from the column, the boys becoming hungry, and desiring
something to eat, rode up to a house where there were three or four
women standing at the door. One of them inquired if they could get
something to eat. The corn bread was produced. He then asked for some
butter, which was also produced. One of the girls, thinking, I suppose,
that one favor deserved another, very smilingly addressed one of the
soldiers, saying, "Could you give me a chew of tobacco?" "Oh, yes,"
says he, taking a large plug of tobacco from his pocket and handing it
to her. She took a chew, and then reached it back, thanking him. "Oh,"
says he, "you may just keep that, I can get more." She thanked him very
kindly. I suppose she thought she was pretty well paid for her corn
bread and butter.
Another. Capt. Krebs, of Company D, with a squad of 25 men, was
detailed to go with the telegraph repairer along the line between
Huntsville and Decatur. At a station between those two points, a small
town, there were two telegraph posts down, the line on each side being
perfect for two or three miles. The Captain and operator rode up to
some citizens who were on the street, and politely asked them if they
could not have those two posts set by the next day, stating that it
would save them the trouble of bringing their team and men several
miles, and would be a very great accommodation. One old man replied,
"We can't do it, sir. You have taken all our negroes from us, and we
have nobody to work for us." The Captain insisted that it was but a
small job, and it would save him a great amount of trouble, if they
would do it. The old man persisted that they could not do it. The
Captain then addressed them as follows: "Gentlemen, I will be here
to-morrow evening, with fifty men to do that work. You will have supper
provided for that number of men." Then turning to his command, he gave
the order, "Two right, march!" and moved off. When he had gone a mile
or two, a runner came up and handed him a note, saying that the
citizens would have those posts set by to-morrow morning. The "supper
for fifty men" had been a more powerful argument than the Captain's
pleadings. I suppose it led them to conclude, that if they had no
darkies to do it, they would condescend to do it themselves.
One more. Major Falconet, of the Rebel army, and who was stationed at
Decatur for some time, it is said, had come to the conclusion to take
to himself a wife. He had gone to Florence to get married. While on the
floor, having the marriage ceremony performed, Lieut. Col. Phillips,
with the 9th Ill., made a dash into Florence. Some one came into the
room and cried out, "The Yanks are coming!" The brave Major left his
fair companion, broke from the house, and over the garden fence,
tearing down about twenty feet of it, dashed to his boat and was off. I
suppose he did not fancy being captured just then. How his partly
constituted bride felt, at his rapid exit, and whether he has ever
returned for the completion of the ceremony, "deponent saith not."
Still another, showing something of the horrors of Slavery. During the
recent scout to Courtland and Moulton, when in camp near the former
place, the orders of Lieut. Col. Phillips were to be ready to move by
daylight. The guard were instructed to wake them two hours before day.
The orderlies were waked at the proper time. When Adjutant Klock had
gotten up, he was informed by an orderly that there was a lady wishing
to see the Colonel. The Colonel was called. In a half-sleeping
condition, he told the Adjutant to see what she wished. The Adjutant
went around to see her. He saw there a very decently, but plainly
dressed lady. He asked her what she wished. He was perfectly amazed at
her reply. She said her master was going to sell her, and she wished to
know if she could not go with them. The Adjutant replied, that he would
speak to the Colonel about it, and that he thought they could make
arrangements for her to go with us. The Colonel having dropped asleep
in the meantime, the matter was referred to Major Kuhn. He told her at
once that she could go along. She accordingly came into Decatur with
our Regiment. To Northern men, unaccustomed to the evils of the system
of Slavery, such scenes are revolting. Here was a woman, so nearly
white, that she was mistaken for a white woman. She was, in all
probability, her master's daughter or sister.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
OF THE
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
I propose to add to this history of the Regiment, a Biographical Sketch
of the present Field and Staff Officers.
COL. AUGUST MERSY.
Was born in Germany. He entered the military service, in 1838, as
Cadet, in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden. He graduated in 1840, as
Lieutenant. He was promoted to the position of 1st Lieutenant, in 1842.
In 1844, he was assigned the position of Adjutant and staff officer. In
1847, he was appointed Regimental Adjutant. A European Regiment
consists of from 2,400 to 3,000 men. In this position he acted until
1849. At the outbreak of the Revolution, he consequently acted against
that Revolution. In 1849, however, he joined the Revolutionary party,
and was promoted to the position of Colonel. After joining the
Revolutionary party, he acted for some time as Provisional Secretary of
War. He soon, however, joined the army, and assumed command of the
Second Brigade. Whether he had the rank of General, or only acted as
such in commanding a Brigade, the writer is unable to say. He went with
his Brigade, through all the battles and skirmishes of the year 1849.
He was under the necessity of crossing the Rhine for Switzerland, and
concluded to emigrate to America. He arrived in the United States, in
November, 1849. Went West, and settled in Bellville, St. Clair County,
Illinois. He was for some time Clerk, and afterwards Cashier, of the
"Bank of Bellville." He also acted as Notary Public.
On the uprising of the rebellion, his war spirit was aroused. I think
he had for some time previous had command of a volunteer military
company. He enlisted, with his company, in the "Three months'" service.
He enlisted as Captain of Company A, 9th Regiment Illinois Infantry, on
the 19th of April, 1861. He was elected Lieutenant Colonel, April 26th,
1861. This position he held during the "Three months'" service. He was
mustered out of the service, at the end of the three months, on the
25th of July, 1861, and again immediately mustered in, for three years,
as Lieutenant Colonel of the 9th Illinois Infantry.
He was promoted to the position of Colonel, and received his commission
as such, December 2d, 1861. As Colonel and commander of the Regiment,
he passed through the terrible battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh,
and the "siege of Corinth." He was wounded twice at the battle of
Shiloh; but notwithstanding his wounds, he persisted in keeping the
command of his Regiment. During the battle of Shiloh, Col. McArthur,
commanding our Brigade, was severely wounded, in the latter part of the
action, and Col. Mersy assumed command of the Brigade.
During the battle of Corinth, he assumed command of the Brigade,
General Oglesby having been wounded. Since that time, he has had
command of the 2d Brigade, 2d Division, 16th Army Corps. During the
Summer and Fall of 1863, he was stationed with his Brigade Head
Quarters at Pocahontas, Tennessee. Since November 12th, 1863, his
Brigade Head Quarters have been at Pulaski, Tennessee.
LIEUT. COL. JESSE J. PHILLIPS.
Was born in Montgomery County, Illinois, May 22d, 1837. He was
appointed Route Agent on the Terre Haute, Alton and St. Louis Railroad,
June 26th, 1856. Resigned in May, 1857.
He read law with the Hon. James M. Davis, of Hillsboro, Illinois. He
was admitted to the bar in the Spring of 1860, and opened an office in
Hillsboro, the county-seat of Montgomery County, Illinois. He was
prosecuting his practice when the first call was made for volunteers to
serve for three months.
In politics, he was a Breckenridge Democrat. Had stumped it, for
Breckenridge, in 1860. He had had a strong desire to engage in a
military life. When the call was made, he at once went to work to raise
a Company. Raised his Company, and was elected Captain, April 17th,
1861. The Company was accepted and ordered to Springfield, Illinois, on
the 23d of April, 1861.
On the organization of the 9th Regiment Volunteer Infantry, for the
three months' service, he was elected as Major of the Regiment. He
acted in the capacity of Major in the Regiment during the three months'
service. At the expiration of that service, he was mustered out, and
immediately mustered in again for three years, unless sooner
discharged, retaining still the rank of Major.
He received a commission as Lieutenant Colonel in the 9th Regiment
Illinois Infantry in December, 1861, which position he still occupies.
He had charge of a detachment of the Regiment, which made a successful
expedition from Paducah to Saratoga, Ky. This was the first fight in
which our boys were engaged. He was with the Regiment as Lieutenant
Colonel, through the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh. At Shiloh,
he received a very severe wound from a schrapnel. He was wounded in the
hand and leg. The wound in his hand was a very painful one. He was
unfitted for the service by it, for several months. At the battle of
Corinth, on the 3d and 4th of October, he had not yet been able to join
his Regiment. He joined it soon afterward, although still suffering
much from the pain caused by his wound.
During the Fall of 1862 and Winter of 1863, he was much of the time in
command of the Regiment, Col. Mersy being called to the command of the
Brigade. In March, 1863, he made application to have the Regiment
mounted for scouting purposes. The Regiment was mounted on the 20th of
March, 1863. During the year that the Regiment has been mounted, he has
led it through 23 battles and skirmishes.
He has frequently been placed in command of a Brigade of mounted
forces, and in one or two instances, of a Division. He had command of
two Brigades of Cavalry and Mounted Infantry, with which he made a raid
in August, 1863, to Grenada, Mississippi. It was one of the most
successful raids of the war. From $8,000,000 to 10,000,000 worth of
public property was destroyed; 2,000 negroes, and a large number of
horses and mules were brought in. But little was said about it at the
time. Many a less brilliant raid has brought forth a star.
He was in command of the post at Athens, Alabama, for two or three
months during the past Winter. He has lately been assigned to the
command of all the mounted forces at Decatur, Alabama. There is a great
amount of _dash_ and daring about the Colonel, and yet he always
manages to get his boys out of any place, into which he leads them.
MAJOR JOHN H. KUHN.
Was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland, May 20th, 1833. Emigrated to the
United States, and landed in New York, in June, 1849. He was, by
occupation, a laborer. Hired with a farmer near Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, during the first summer. He removed to East Tennessee,
where he spent three years, part of the time in a glass factory in
Knoxville, and part of the time boating on the Tennessee River. He
moved to Alton, Illinois, in 1854. Was engaged for a time in the lumber
business, and afterwards in a banking house. He had served for about
six years in the State Militia, and entered the service of the United
States, on the call for volunteers for three months. He enlisted with
his company of "Alton Jagers," as their Captain, April 19th, 1861, and
was attached to the 9th Illinois Infantry. He re-enlisted at the
expiration of three months, for three years. Served, for some time, as
Provost Marshal of Paducah, Kentucky. He received his commission as
Major of the 9th Illinois Infantry, December 2d, 1861. He was detailed
during some months in the Summer and Fall of 1863, in charge of
convalescent camp in Memphis, Tennessee. Rejoined the Regiment at
Athens, Alabama, November 21st, 1863. At present writing, he has
command of his Regiment, Lieut. Col. Phillips being assigned to the
command of the mounted forces at Decatur, Alabama.
SURGEON EMIL GULICK, M. D.
Was born in the city of Schleswig, Dutchdom Schleswig, on the 29th of
November, 1828. After finishing his school education, he commenced the
study of Chemistry in particular, but with it the other branches of the
medical science. While quietly pursuing his studies, the sound of the
drum rang through the land, calling all able-bodied citizens into the
field to fight for the independence of the Dutchdoms from the Kingdom
of Denmark. This call was in March, 1848. The Doctor was then in his
20th year. Obeying his country's call, he enlisted to do battle for
liberty. He enlisted as a private. He was afterwards engaged as an
Assistant in the Medical Department. He was connected with the army in
these capacities until 1851. He emigrated to America in 1853. He
re-commenced his Medical studies, and graduated in the St. Louis
Medical College, in 1859. He commenced the practice of medicine during
the same year, in Alton, Madison County, Illinois. When the Rebellion
broke out, and there was a call for men to defend the government of his
adoption, he offered himself for that purpose. He enlisted, in the
three months' service, as a private, in Company K, 9th Regiment
Volunteer Infantry, on the 26th day of April, 1861. He re-enlisted, at
the expiration of three months, for three years, July 26th, 1861, and
was promoted to the position of Assistant Surgeon of the 9th Illinois
Volunteer Infantry. On the 28th of April, 1862, he was again promoted
to the position of Surgeon. He has served in that position ever since.
He has been almost constantly with his Regiment. He was on detached
duty in the Hospital at Paducah, Kentucky, during the months of
September and October, 1863.
ASSISTANT SURGEON W. D. CRAIG, M. D.
Was born in Montgomery County, Indiana, March 27th, 1828. He was raised
on a farm. Was educated at Crawfordsville, Indiana. He moved to
Illinois in 1849, and graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago,
Illinois, in the Spring of 1852. From that time, up to the Summer of
1861, he was engaged in the practice of Medicine. Was living in Aledo,
the county-seat of Mercer County, Illinois, and engaged in the duties
of his profession, at the time of his enlisting in the service of his
country. He recruited a large portion of a Company in Mercer County.
Was mustered into the service of the United States, as 1st Lieutenant
Company E, 9th Regiment Volunteer Infantry, August 6th, 1861. Served in
that capacity until May 12th, 1862. During the time he served as a line
officer, he passed through the terrible struggles of Fort Donelson and
Shiloh. He was slightly wounded at Shiloh, in the left shoulder, by a
spent ball. He was assigned to the Medical Department of the Regiment,
in the capacity of Assistant Surgeon, on the 12th of May, 1862.
Continued with the Regiment in this capacity, until the last of
December, 1863, when he was assigned to duty in Pulaski, Tennessee.
During the past Winter, he has had charge of the U. S. General Hospital
of the left wing, 16th Army Corpse, at Pulaski, Tennessee. He has under
his charge there, about an average of two hundred patients, including a
Small-Pox ward of from ten to fifteen patients.
SECOND ASSISTANT SURGEON W. A. ALLEN, M. D.
Was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, March 5th, 1830. Read Medicine with
Dr. Haskall, Hillboro, Montgomery County, Illinois, 1850, 1851 and
1852. He graduated at St. Louis Medical College, in 1856, and commenced
the practice of Medicine in Greenville, Bond County, Illinois, during
the same year. Was engaged in pursuing his practice at that place,
until January, 1863. He received a commission as 2d Assistant Surgeon
in the 9th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and entered upon his duties as
such, January 16th, 1863. He was detailed, for some time, to take
charge of the Medical Department of the Contrabands at LaGrange, and
afterwards at Corinth. Has been constantly with his Regiment since the
1st of September, 1863, having been relieved from his duties in Corinth
at that time.
HENRY H. KLOCK, LIEUTENANT AND ADJUTANT.
Was born in Manheim, Herkimer County, New York, November 27th, 1835.
Received a common school education. Removed to Illinois in 1854. Was
engaged in teaching public school in Madison County, Illinois, when he
enlisted. Enlisted in the 9th Illinois Infantry, Company F, and was
mustered in as a private, July 28th, 1861. Was detailed as Clerk in the
Adjutant's office, from September 1861. Was commissioned as 1st
Lieutenant and Adjutant January 31st, 1862, to rank from October 3d,
1861. Has been with the Regiment through most of its battles. Was
wounded at Shiloh and Corinth. Is still acting as Adjutant for the
Regiment, and is devoted to the duties of his office.
CHARLES A. SPATEE, REGIMENTAL QUARTERMASTER.
Was born in the Dukedom of Saxony, Altenburg, in the year 1836. He was
trained for the profession of Architect. He emigrated to the United
States in 1855. After his arrival in this country, he was engaged
principally in working upon Railroads and Saw Mills, previous to his
entering the service of his adopted country. He enlisted in the "Three
months' service," as a private in the 10th Regiment Illinois Volunteer
Infantry. He re-enlisted, for three years, as a private in the 9th
Regiment Volunteer Infantry, Company K. He was afterwards promoted to
the position of a Sergeant. In December, 1861, he was appointed
Commissary Sergeant. He was commissioned as 1st Lieutenant and
Regimental Quartermaster, October 4th, 1863. He continues to occupy
this position at the present time. Lieutenant Spatee was not in the
military service in the old country.
MARION MORRISON, CHAPLAIN.
Was born in Adams County, Ohio, June 2d, 1821. He was trained as a
farmer, receiving a common school education. In the Spring of 1841, he
commenced the study of Latin, preparatory to the ministry. In October,
1842, he entered the Freshman class in Miami University, Oxford, Ohio,
and graduated August, 1846. He studied Theology, at the A. R.
Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Oxford, Ohio, and was licensed to
preach, by the A. R. Presbyterian Presbytery of Chillicothe, Ohio, in
the Spring of 1849. He was ordained and installed Pastor of the A. R.
Presbyterian Congregation of West Fork, Adams County, Ohio, in the
Spring of 1850. Was elected Professor of Mathematics and Natural
Science in "Monmouth College," June, 1856. Resigned the charge of his
Congregation, and removed to Monmouth, Illinois, in the Summer of 1856,
and entered upon his duties as Professor, September of the same year.
He had the financial charge of "The Western United Presbyterian,"
published in Monmouth for several years. In June, 1861, he assumed the
entire responsibility of that paper, financial and editorial, and soon
after united it with "The Christian Instructor," published in
Philadelphia. He continues an Associate Editor to the above paper. In
the Summer of 1861, he resigned his position as Professor in Monmouth
College, and was engaged as Financial Agent of the College, until July
30th, 1863, when he was commissioned as "Captain of Cavalry, and
Chaplain of the 9th Illinois Volunteer Infantry." Was mustered into the
service, and entered upon the duties of Chaplain, September 4th, 1863.
Has been with his Regiment ever since, except during January, 1864,
when he was sent to Illinois on orders. Rejoined his Regiment February
1st, 1864.
Transcriber's note:
The following corrections have been made:
p. 3 he object I have -> he changed to the
p. 8 Kitchell, 1st Lieutenant, -> second comma replaced with period
p. 8 South- -> hyphen replaced with period
p. 16 to be Colone -> Colone changed to Colonel
p. 20 If you wont sell -> wont changed to won't
p. 31 unhallowed cause -> period added after cause
p. 31 Lieut F. Vogler -> period added after Lieut
p. 32 Roffy -> comma added
p. 34 he was drank -> drank changed to drunk
p. 43 Kortkamp--1 -> period added after 1
p. 44 In all, 3 killled -> killled changed to killed
p. 45 did not come -> period added after come
p. 50 battallion of the 15th -> battallion changed to battalion
p. 52 broke and run -> run changed to ran
p. 53 of the 9th Ill, -> period added after Ill
p. 54 sout-east from Corinth -> sout-east changed to south-east
p. 55 entire column move -> move changed to moved
p. 56 at 1 P M. -> period added after P
p. 57 and succeded in -> succeded changed to succeeded
p. 60 Lient. Col. Phillips -> Lient. changed to Lieut.
p. 63 women and children, -> removed comma
p. 63 were compelled to see it, -> removed comma
p. 63 camp at Pocahontas, -> removed comma
p. 64 from Company B. to Company F -> removed period after B
p. 66 Regiment move forward -> move changed to moved
p. 67 Salem, Miss, -> period added after Miss
p. 67 Montazuma, Tenn., -> Montazuma changed to Montezuma
p. 71 exitement had passed away -> exitement changed to excitement
p. 76 onr arrival -> onr changed to our
p. 77 Col. Sent for our -> Sent changed to sent
p. 81 Tennesse River must be crossed -> Tennesse changed to Tennessee
p. 82 Severa pontoon -> Severa changed to Several
p. 89 in Karlsrhue -> Karlsrhue changed to Karlsruhe
Uncommon spelling like schrapnel or bivouack has been retained.
Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling has been retained unless one form
predominated.