Carniola, and on the banks of the Tanais in the Russian empire where it
was found by Gerber in 1741. It grows to be a tree of rather small size,
and is much cultivated in Italy, in the South of France, and in Sicily,
for the sake of the fruit, which is as large as a cherry, of a fine red
colour with sometimes a tinge of yellow, and is said to have a very
agreeable flavour. At present the Azarole is very scarce in this
country, and we have never seen it in blossom but at Burchall’s nursery
at Fulham, in May 1808, when our drawing was made. This year the plant
has produced no blossoms. To those who are desirous of cultivating the
Azarole, and adding another variety to their deserts, we would recommend
planting it in well sheltered situations; or perhaps training against a
wall, as practised for peaches and other delicate fruits, would be still
better. Considerable trees of the Azarole formerly existed in His
Majesty’s Gardens at Kew, and in those of the Duke or Northumberland at
Sion House; and we have lately seen the remains of one in Mr. Swainson’s
collection at Twickenham; but we are not aware that any exist at present
in England. That of Plenck excepted, in His Medical Plants, Pl. 390, we
believe no other coloured figure of it has before been published.
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXX.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM ACINACIFORME.
_Scimitar-leaved Mesembryanthemum._
CLASS XII. ORDER IV.
_ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA._ Twenty Chives. Five Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
PETALA valde numerosa, linearia, basi cohærentia.
PETALS very numerous, linear, cohering at the base.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM foliis acinaciformibus: floribus amplissimis, lætè
purpureis.
_Dillenii Hortus Elthamensis_, tab. CCXI.
FIG-MARYGOLD with scimitar-shaped leaves: flowers very large, and
of a bright purple colour.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement, seed-bud, and pointals.
* * * * *
Throughout this extensive tribe of plants, this is the most splendid
species of Mesembryanthemum we are at present acquainted with; and
although an old plant in the gardens, it is quite a rarity to meet with
it in flower. Our specimen is from the collection of Mr. Trimmer, of Kew
Bridge, whose method of forcing it into bloom may be worth the attention
of cultivators. It is by training it up against the glass, and watering
it very sparingly; indeed, so little water is requisite for many of the
succulent plants, that we have seen them thrive very well without any,
except what they absorb from the humidity of the atmosphere in the
descending dews.
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXXI.
SALIX VIOLACEA.
_Violet-coloured Willow._
CLASS XXII. ORDER II.
_DIŒCIA DIANDRIA._ Chives and Pointals on different Plants. Two Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
* _Masculi flores._
AMENTUM cylindraceum. Calyx squamosus. Corolla 0. Glandulæ baseos
nectariferæ.
* _Feminei flores._
AMENTUM cylindraceum. Calyx squamosus. Corolla 0. Stylus 2-fidus.
Capsula 1-locularis, 2-valvis. Semina papposa.
* _Male flowers._
CATKIN cylindrical. Empalement squamous. Blossom none. Glands at
the base, bearing honey.
* _Female Flowers._
CATKIN cylindrical. Empalement squamous. Blossom none. Shaft
2-cleft. Capsule 1-locular, 2-valved. Seeds downy.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SALIX foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, serrulatis, glabris, subtus
glaucis: ramis pulvere violaceo tectis.
WILLOW with lance-shaped leaves finely sawed, smooth, and glaucous
beneath: branches covered over with a violet-coloured powder.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A male flower.
2. A bit of the lower part of the stem with
some of the powder rubbed off.
* * * * *
This fine species of willow is remarkable, first, for the gigantic size
of its shoots, rising to the height of ten and sometimes twelve feet in
one season; secondly, for their superior tenacity, being yet more tough
than the common Osier; and thirdly, for the singular blue powder
(considerably resembling that found upon the Orleans plum) with which
they are always covered; and which, when any part of it has been
accidentally rubbed off, is very quickly regenerated. It is said to be a
native of Russia or Siberia, and to have been introduced by Mr. John
Bell of Sion Gate about the year 1798. Whether it may or may not be the
same species as Salix acutifolia of Willdenow, which he published
without having seen the fructification, we leave to those who have seen
his specimen to determine.
Our specimens are from the collection of A. B. Lambert, esq. who informs
us that it produces in April male flowers annually at Boyton, and
besides its great utility is a very ornamental plant.
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXXII.
PROTEA MELLIFERA ALBIFLORA.
_White-flowered Honey-bearing Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, petalis infra
apices insertæ. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM four-cleft, or of four petals. Tips linear, inserted into
the petals below the points. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PROTEA foliis lanceolatis ellipticis: capituloque terminali, magno,
albo.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
PROTEA with elliptic lance-shaped leaves: head of flowers terminal,
large, and white.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. Seed-bud, chives, and pointal.
* * * * *
Whether we consider this Protea as a species, or only a variety, it well
deserves a representation. The only plant we have ever seen of it, and
from whence our figure was taken, was in the collection of the Duke of
Northumberland at Sion House, in the year 1807. Its unequivocal claim to
the specific title of mellifera we unawares experienced, as, in bending
the plant a little forward to view the interior of its flowers, (the
plant being near seven feet high,) it literally poured out a stream of
nectareous juice, the cup being filled with honey as high as the
imbrications could possibly contain it.
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXXIII.
LONICERA JAPONICA.
_Japanese Woodbine._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 1-petala, irregularis. Bacca polysperma, bilocularis,
infera.
BLOSSOM of one petal, irregular. Berry many-seeded, 2-celled,
below.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
LONICERA foliis perennantibus petiolatis villosis: caule volubili.
Lonicera japonica. _Willd. Sp. Pl._
LONICERA with ever-green downy leaves upon footstalks, and a
twining stem.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower spread open.
2. The seed-bud and pointal.
* * * * *
This far-fetched and yet rare species of “the luscious woodbine” is the
Kin-gin-qua, or Gold and Silver Flower, of the Japanese, as we learn
from Kæmpfer and Thunberg. The same name is also affixed to a Chinese
drawing of the plant, a copy of which we have seen in the collection of
A. B. Lambert, esq. From the same drawing we learn that the flowers come
sometimes more in heads, and much more numerous than in our specimen;
which may probably be accounted for from the plants being kept here in
the green-house. Being an ever-green, like the Minorca and American
twining honey-suckles, the species is the more desirable. It was
introduced, we are informed, from China about the year 1805, and our
drawing was taken in July 1809, in the garden of the Count de Vandes at
Bayswater.
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXXIV.
PHLOMIS SAMIA.
_Samian Phlomis._
CLASS XIV. ORDER I.
_DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA._ Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX angulatus. Corollæ labium superius incumbens, compressum,
villosum.
CUP angled: upper lip of the corolla incumbent, compressed and
downy.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PHLOMIS caule hirsuto, foliis cordatis, crenatis, subtus
tomentosis, bracteis tripartitis subulatis mucronatis calycem
æquantibus. _Willd. Sp. Pl. 3. p. 120._
PHLOMIS with a hairy stalk: leaves heart-shaped, scolloped, and
cottony underneath: bracts 3-parted, awl-shaped, as long as the
cup.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A flower spread open.
3. Seed-bud and pointal.
* * * * *
This curious species appears to have been introduced by Mr. Miller; but,
not being enumerated in the Hortus Kewensis, nor the Catalogue of the
Cambridge Botanic Garden, must have been since lost. Indeed Mr. Miller
informs us, that the severe winter of 1740 destroyed all the plants of
it then in England. A. B. Lambert, esq. who communicated the specimens
in July last from his garden at Boyton, informs us that Dr. Williams,
regius professor of botany at Oxford, favoured him with the plant; and
his predecessor Dr. Sibthorpe, who made two journeys into Greece to
enrich us with the natural history of that interesting country, was
probably the re-introducer. The name Samia is derived from the island of
Samos; but Monsieur Desfontaines informs us (in his Flora Atlantica)
that the original Samian plant of Tournefort and the Phlomis Samia of
Linnæus (which he found wild about Mount Atlas) are different species.
Both may possibly be natives of Samos: the posthumous Flora Græca of Dr.
Sibthorpe, now publishing by his friend Dr. Smith, will, we trust,
decide it. There is no prior figure of the plant.
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXXV.
SOPHORA JAPONICA.
_Japanese Sophora._
CLASS X. ORDER I.
_DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Ten Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-dentatus, supernè gibbus. Corolla papilionacea: alis
longitudine vexilli. Lomentum moniliforme.
CUP five-toothed, swelling above. Blossom butterfly-shaped, with
wings the length of the keel. Pod necklace-shaped.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SOPHORA foliis pinnatis: foliolis pluribus ovatis glabris: caule
arboreo. _Willd. Sp. Pl._
SOPHORA with winged leaves: the leaflets numerous, ovate, and
smooth: stem arborescent.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The vexillum.
3. One of the alæ.
4. The carina.
5. The chives.
6. The seed-bud and pointal.
* * * * *
Sophora japonica is the largest species of that genus at present known.
The specimen exhibited is from a tree more than 40 feet high, in the
collection of John Ord, esq. at Purser’s Cross, Fulham, which was
planted by himself about fifty years ago. Our attachment to even the
inanimate companions of our youth, and the pleasure we derive from them,
are thus beautifully expressed by one of our English poets (Cowley, we
believe):
“A wood coëval with himself he sees;
And loves his old cotemporary trees.”
Mr. Ord obtained his plants of Mr. Gordon, nurseryman at Mile End, who
introduced the species from China in the year 1753. The first time of
its flowering in this country, we learn, was in his Grace the Duke of
Northumberland’s collection at Sion, in August 1797. The only figure we
have seen is in Jacquin’s Hortus Schœnbrunnensis, vol. iii. Burmann, in
his Flora Indica, and after him Linnæus, describe the flowers as white.
In Mr. Ord’s garden they are of a faint yellow, as in the figure of
Jacquin; and in the specimens which we have seen from Sion House, faint
yellow tinged with purple. Excellent in the study of flowers is the
maxim of Virgil,
“.... Nimiùm ne crede colori.”
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXXVI.
LILIUM SPECIOSUM.
_Showy Lily._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, campanulata: nectarium linea longitudinalis:
capsulæ valvulis pilo cancellato connexis.
BLOSSOM 6-leaved, bell-shaped. Nectary a longitudinal line. Valves
of the seed-pod connected with a lattice-work of hairs.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
LILIUM foliis sparsis, ovato-oblongis: floribus cernuis mox
revolutis: caule ramoso.
Lilium speciosum. _Willd. Sp. Pl._
LILY with scattered oval-oblong leaves: the flowers nodding, soon
rolled back, and the stem branching.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. Seed-bud and pointal.
* * * * *
We can but seldom have the pleasure of recording so valuable an
acquisition to our collections as this truly magnificent species,
introduced from China by the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks about the year
1807, and a figure of it also published by him in 1791, being plate 47
of the Icones Selectæ, from drawings made in Japan by Kæmpfer, and now
deposited in the British Museum. The woolliness and bulbs on the stem in
our specimen, and the want of constriction at the base of the leaves,
(if any such ever exists in nature,) differ considerably from the figure
above quoted; but the strong general resemblance, and a consideration of
the many variations to which other species of this genus are subject,
induce us to regard it as a variety from the same common stock. The stem
rises to between three and four feet in height, and sometimes even
higher; and produces from three to nine or more flowers, according to
its strength and situation. The bulb which it produces from the base of
every leaf forms a future plant, and thus to unrivalled beauty adds
abundance. Its time of flowering enhances its value, being in August,
when all other lilies have deserted the parterre. Mr. Williams,
nurseryman at Turnham Green, favoured us with the specimen.
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXXVII.
CORCHORUS? JAPONICUS _flore pleno_.
_Japanese Corchorus with double flowers._
CLASS XIII. ORDER I.
_POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Many Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 5-petala. Calyx 5-phyllus, deciduus. Capsula plurivalvis,
loculamentosa.
BLOSSOM of 5 petals. Cup 5-leaved, falling off, Fruit with many
valves, subdivided.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
CORCHORUS capsulis rotundis glabris, foliis
duplicato-serratis.--_Flora Japonica, p. 227._
CORCHORUS with round smooth capsules, and the leaves doubly sawed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The pointals.
* * * * *
This elegant shrub is amply described in the Flora Japonica of Professor
Thunberg, who found it growing naturally about Nagasaki, Miaco, and
various parts of the Japanese empire; where it is also commonly
cultivated for ornament. The double variety here figured he particularly
specifies as naturally adorning the country about Miaco. In Houttuyn’s
Pflanrensystem, vol. vii. plate 54, there is also an engraving of it.
The single-flowered has not yet been introduced to this country. The
time of blossoming is in early spring: but it does not appear to confine
itself to that season, as we have been favoured with fresh specimens at
various seasons from April to October; and we may therefore safely
predict its being long a favourite with cultivators. The flexile twigs
starred with blossoms look at a little distance like garlands, and
extend when supported to a great length. All the flowers that we have
seen are from 5-to 8-gynous; which, with the singular form of the
capsule, makes us consider it as a very doubtful species of Corchorus.
The Japanese name is Jamma Buki.
Our figure is taken from specimens communicated by Mr. Milne of
Fonthill, who informs us that his plant now growing in the conservatory
is ten feet high. We first observed it in bloom early last spring at
Messrs. Colville’s, and in several other collections during the summer,
but smaller both in flowers and leaves.
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXXVIII.
SIDA HASTATA.
_Halberd-leaved Sida._
CLASS XVI. ORDER VIII.
_MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA._ One Brotherhood. Many Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX simplex, angulatus. Stylus multi-partitus. Capsulæ plures,
1-seu 3-spermæ.
CUP simple-angled. Shafts many-parted. Seedpods many, one-to
three-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SIDA foliis inferioribus cordatis angulatis, superioribus
elongato-hastatis; pedunculis axillaribus, unifloris, longissimis.
Sida hastata, _Willd. Sp. Pl._
SIDA with the lower leaves somewhat heart-shaped and angled, the
upper ones long-halberd-shaped; flower-stalks very long,
one-flowered, and axillary.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The chives spread open.
2. The pointals.
* * * * *
This species was first properly distinguished and described by the
Spanish botanist Cavanilles in his Dissertatio de Sida, where he has
also given a figure of it; and upon this with the Sida cristata and
Dilleniana his genus Anoda was founded. Other botanists, however, have
not agreed to this division, and both Professor Martyn in his Dictionary
and Willdenow still consider them as Sidas of which they now enumerate
99 species; and the new species brought from Abyssinia by Lord Valentia,
and published in our 117th number, completes the century. Most of the
species have been destined by nature to blossom beneath a milder sky
than ours; the Sida hastata was found by the French botanist Dombey
growing naturally in Peru and Lima in moist places; and A. B. Lambert,
esq., who favoured us with the specimen last September, received the
seeds from the East Indies, The two other varieties of this enumerated
by Cavanilles and Willdenow we have not seen. The plant is annual, and
has yet been kept in the stove.
[Illustration]
PLATE DLXXXIX.
GLADIOLUS ANGUSTUS, _minor_.
_Small Narrow-leaved Cornflag._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sexpartita, ringens. Stamina adscendentia.
BLOSSOM six divisions, gaping. Chives ascending.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
GLADIOLUS foliis linearibus, longis, costatis; corollis
flavescentibus; petalis tribus inferioribus rubro notatis.
Gladiolus angustus. _Jacquin. Icones, tab. 252, vol. ii._
CORNFLAG with linear leaves long and ribbed: blossom yellowish; the
three lower petals marked with red.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The outer sheath of the empalement.
2. The inner sheath.
3. A blossom spread open.
4. Seed-bud and pointal.
5. Flower of a larger variety.
* * * * *
Our figure represents a plant from the nursery of Mr. Williams, and
which we at first were inclined to regard as a distinct species from the
Gladiolus angustus of Jacquin: but meeting soon after with a plant in
the collection of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, of larger dimensions, (a
flower of which we have represented,) its intermediate character
appears, upon comparison, to connect a regular chain of variation, the
smallest link of which is (at present) the one now figured.
Both plants are of easy culture, requiring no other treatment than what
is common to bulbs of this class.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXC.
MESPILUS ODORATISSIMA.
_Sweet-scented Mespilus._
CLASS XII. ORDER V.
_ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA._ Twenty Chives. Five Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-fidus. Petala 5. Bacca infera, 5-sperma.
CALYX 5-cleft. Petals 5. Berry below, 5-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
MESPILUS foliis utrinque pubescentibus, pinnatifidis; laciniis
incisis.
MESPILUS with leaves downy on both sides, and wing-cleft; with the
segments slit.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement and pointals.
2. A branch of ripe fruit.
* * * * *
For this undescribed species of Mespilus we are indebted to the Right
Hon. the Marquis of Bath, who first observed it to be distinct from the
Mespilus tanacetifolia, with which it has commonly been confounded, and
pointed out the specific differences to Mr. Lambert in 1807. The
accuracy of his Lordship’s observations we have often verified this
summer in the different collections about London, and find the two
species quite distinct in fruit, foliage, and bracteæ. Mespilus
odoratissima forms handsome dwarf trees, from 6 to 12 feet high in the
specimens we have seen. The blossoms appear in June, and are remarkably
fragrant, but considerably smaller than in M. tanacetifolia; but this is
abundantly compensated by the livelier colour and greater profusion of
the fruit with which the boughs are loaded in autumn. The tree called by
Professor Pallas Cratægus orientalis, (see the English translation of
his Travels in the Crimea, vol. ii. p. 174 and 181,) and which he found
cultivated for its fruit in the south-western parts of the Crimea, where
it also grows wild on the mountains, is this species, as we have
ascertained from his Herbarium; and the little red Medlar found in
Anatolia by Tournefort, (see his Travels, vol. ii. p. 322 of the English
translation,) noticed by Dr. Smith in his Exotic Botany, is probably the
same thing. We were favoured with the specimens both of this and M.
tanacetifolia (our next plate) by the Right Hon. the Marchioness of
Bath, from Longleat.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXCI.
MESPILUS TANACETIFOLIA.
_Tansy-leaved Medlar._
CLASS XII. ORDER V.
_ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA._ Twenty Chives. Five Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 5-fidus. Petala 5. Bacca infera, 5-sperma.
CALYX 5-cleft. Petals 5. Berry below, 5-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
MESPILUS floribus bracteatis; foliis pinnatifidis; laciniis argutè
serratis, pubescentibus.
MESPILUS with bracts to the flowers; the leaves wing-cleft, with
the divisions sawed and downy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement and pointals.
2. A branch with ripe fruit.
* * * * *
Neither is this species enumerated in the works of Linnæus. The great
French botanist Tournefort, who discovered it on the mountains of
Anatolia in 1701, thus describes it: “These mountains produce a fine
sort of Azarolíer or Medlar-tree; there are some as big as oaks. Their
trunk is covered with a cleft grayish bark; the branches are bushy, and
spreading out on the sides; the leaves are in bunches two inches and a
half long, fifteen lines broad, shining, a little hairy on both sides,
commonly divided into three parts even to the rib, and these parts
indented very neatly on the edges, pretty much like the leaves of tansy;
the part at the end of the leaf is again divided into three parts. The
fruit grow two or three together at the end of the young shoots, and
resemble small apples of an inch diameter with five roundings like the
ribs of a melon, a little hairy, pale green inclining to a yellow, with
a navel raised of five leaves. We sometimes find one or two of these
leaves growing out of the flesh of the fruit, or its stalk. The fruit
though agreeable is not so pleasant as our Medlar, but I believe it
would be excellent if it were cultivated. The Armenians not only eat as
much of this as they can, but likewise fill their bags. The short period
the tree has been introduced (not above 20 years, as we are informed)
will not allow any in England, as yet, to have reached the size above
mentioned; and we much doubt whether it may be thought worthy of
cultivation here for the fruit: but the beauty of the tree and agreeable
fragrance of the blossoms sufficiently recommend it to a place in the
pleasure-garden. This and the last described species with the artificial
characters of the genus Mespilus have all the natural habits of
Cratægus, and show how ill even our most admired systems are calculated
to trace and mark these fine gradations, which, while they yet
distinguish, closely connect all nature. Too often the hue and cry of
“Heretics! Innovators!” thundered out by the schools against all who
will not implicitly follow their dogmas, drive the calm and unprejudiced
students of nature out of the field. Yet he that discovers one new truth
is surely a benefactor to society; but he that defends and inculcates
error is a tyrant in the kingdom of Nature.
[Illustration]
PLATE DXCII.
MIMOSA GRANDIFLORA.
_Great-flowered Mimosa._
CLASS XXIII. ORDER I.
_POLYGAMIA MONOECIA._ Flowers Male, Female, and Hermaphrodite, on the
same Plant.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
HERMAPHRODITI. Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla 5-fida vel 5-petala.
Stamina 4-200. Pistillum 1. Legumen bivalve.
MASCULI. Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla 5-fida sen 5-petala. Stamina
4-200.
HERMAPHRODITES. Cup 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft or 5-petalled.
Chives 4 to 200. Shaft 1. Pod two-valved.
MALE FLOWERS. Cup 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft, or of 5 petals.
Chives 4 to 200.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
MIMOSA inermis, foliis bipinnatis, multijugis, ciliatis; racemo
composito terminali.
Acacia grandiflora. _Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. 1074._
MIMOSA unarmed, with doubly-winged leaves in many pairs and
ciliated, and flowers in a compound terminating bunch.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The chives spread open.
3. The pointal.
* * * * *