THE TREATY OF PEACE.
General Bustamente had come to Valdivia under the pretence of himself
renewing the treaties which existed between the republic of Chili
and the Araucanian Confederation. This pretext was excellent in the
sense that it permitted him to concentrate a considerable force in the
provinces, and gave him, besides, a plausible reason for receiving the
most powerful Ulmens of the Indians, who would not fail to come to the
meeting, accompanied by a great number of mosotones. Every time a new
president is elected in Chili, the minister at war renews the treaties
in his name. General Bustamente had, up to this moment, neglected to do
so: he had good reasons for that.--
This ceremony, in which a great retinue is purposely displayed,
generally takes place in a vast plain situated upon the Araucanian
territories, and not at a great distance from Valdivia. By a curious
coincidence, the pretext of the General suited equally well the
interests of the three factions which, at this period, divided this
unhappy country. The Dark-Hearts had skilfully profited by it to prepare
the resistance they meditated, and Antinahuel, feigning to wish to
pay the greatest honours to the war minister of the President of the
republic, had collected a real army of his best warriors in the environs
of the place chosen for the solemnity.
Such was the state of things, and of the various parties with regard to
each other, at the time we resume our narrative. The enemies were about
to come face to face; it was evident that each, being well prepared,
would endeavour to take advantage of the opportunity, and that a shock
was imminent; but how would it be brought about? Who would set fire to
the mine, and cause all those passions, those grudges, those ambitions,
so long restrained, to explode? Nobody could say!
The plain on which the ceremony was to take place was vast, covered
with high grass, and belted by mountains verdant with lofty trees. The
plain, crossed by woods and lines of apple trees, loaded with fruit,
was divided in two by a meandering river, which flowed gently along,
balancing on its silver waters numerous troops of black-headed swans;
here and there, through the breaks of the thickets, might be seen the
pointed nose of a vicuna, which, with ear erect, and eye on the watch,
seemed to sniff the breeze, and all at once bounded away into the
distance.
The sun was rising majestically in the horizon when a measured noise
of tinkling bells proceeded from a wood of apple trees, and a troop of
half a score mules, led by the mother mare, and driven by an arriero,
debouched into the plain. These mules carried diverse objects for an
encampment, provisions, and even some bales of clothes and linen. At
twenty paces behind the mules, came a rather numerous troop of horsemen.
When they arrived at the banks of the little river we have spoken of,
the arriero stopped his mules, and the party dismounted. In an instant
the bales were unpacked and arranged with care, so as to form a perfect
circle, in the centre of which a fire was lighted. Then a tent was
erected in this temporary camp, and the horses and mules were hobbled.
This party, whom, no doubt, our readers have already recognized, were
Don Tadeo, his friends the Frenchmen, the Indian Ulmens, with Doña
Rosario, and three servants. By a strange coincidence, at the same time
that they were arranging their camp, another party nearly as numerous
established theirs on the opposite bank of the river, exactly in face
of them. The leader of this was Doña Maria. As frequently happens, it
had pleased chance to bring into propinquity irreconcilable enemies, who
were only separated from each other by a distance of fifty yards at the
most. But was this entirely owing to chance?
Don Tadeo had no suspicion of this dangerous proximity, or he would
probably have done everything in his power to avoid it. He had cast a
vacant glance at the caravan opposite to him, without taking any further
heed of it, being absorbed in thoughts of the highest importance. Doña
Maria, on the contrary, knew perfectly well, what she was about, and
had placed herself where she was with the skill of an able tactician.
In the mean time, as the morning advanced, the number of travellers
kept increasing on the plain; by nine o'clock it was literally covered
with tents; a free space only being reserved around an old half ruined
chapel, in which mass was to be celebrated before the commencement of
the ceremony.
The Puelches, who had descended from their mountains in great numbers,
had passed the night in making joyous libations around their campfires;
many of them were sleeping in a state of complete intoxication;
nevertheless, as soon as the arrival of the minister of the Chilian
republic was announced, they all sprang up tumultuously, and began to
dance, and utter cries of joy. On one side arrived General Bustamente
at a canter, surrounded by a brilliant staff, all glittering with gold
lace, and followed by a numerous troop of lancers; whilst on the other
side came, at a gallop, the four Araucano Toquis, followed by the
principal Ulmens of their nation, and a great number of mosotones.
These two troops, which hastened to meet each other amidst the _vivas_
and cries of joy of the crowd, raised immense clouds of dust, in which
they disappeared. The Araucanos in particular, who are excellent
jinetes, a term used in this country to designate good horsemen,
indulged in equestrian eccentricities, of which the so-much vaunted Arab
fantasias can give but a faint idea; for they are nothing in comparison
with the incredible feats performed by these men, who seem born to
manage a horse. The Chilians had a much more serious bearing, from
which they would gladly have freed themselves, if human respect had not
restrained them.
As soon as the two troops met, the chiefs dismounted and ranged
themselves, the Ulmens, armed with their long, silver-headed canes,
behind Antinahuel, and the three other Toquis and the Chilians behind
General Bustamente. It was the first time the Tiger-Sun and the General
had met. Each of these two men, therefore, equally good politicians,
equally false and equally ambitious, and who, at the first glance,
understood one another, contemplated his rival with intense earnestness.
After exchanging a few salutes, impressed with a rather suspicious
cordiality, the two bands retrograded from each other a few paces, to
afford room for the commissary-general and four Capitanes de Amigos.
These officers are what they call in the United States Indian agents;
they serve as interpreters and agents to the Araucanos, for trade, and
all that concerns their transactions with the Chilians. It must be
observed that all these Indians speak Spanish perfectly well; but they
never will use it in appointed meetings. These Capitanes de Amigos, who,
for the most part, are half-breeds, are much beloved and respected.
They arrived, leading a score of mules loaded with presents, destined
by the President of the Republic for the principal Ulmens. For, be it
noted, when Indians treat with Christians, they consider nothing settled
till they have received presents: it is for them a proof that the other
party does not wish to deceive them; they constitute an earnest which
they require to bind the bargain, and prove that they are treated in
good faith. The Chilians, who, unfortunately for them, had long been
accustomed to Araucanian habits, had taken good care not to forget this
important condition.
Whilst the commissary-general was distributing the presents, General
Bustamente repaired to the chapel, where a priest, who had come
purposely from Valdivia, celebrated mass. After mass, the speeches
commenced, as soon as the minister of the republic and the four Toquis
of the Uthal-Mapus had embraced. These speeches, which were very long,
resulted in mutual assurances that they were satisfied with the peace
which reigned between the two peoples, and that they would do all in
their power to maintain it as long as possible. We think it our duty to
beg our readers to observe, in justice to the two speakers, that one was
not more sincere than the other, and that they did not mean one word
they said, since in their hearts they determined to break their promises
as soon as possible. They appeared, however, very well satisfied with
the comedy they were playing, and they terminated it by a final embrace,
more close and warm than the first, but equally false.
"Now," said the General, "if my brothers, the great chiefs, will please
to follow me, we will plant the cross."
"No," Antinahuel replied, with a honied smile, "the cross must not be
planted in front of the stone toldo."
"Why not?" the General asked, with astonishment.
"Because," the Indian replied, in a tone of decision, "the words we
have exchanged must remain buried on the spot where they have been
pronounced."
"That is just!" said the General, bowing his head in sign of assent. "It
shall be done as my brother desires."
Antinahuel smiled proudly.
"Have I spoken well, powerful men?" he asked, looking at the Ulmens.
"Our father, the Toqui of the Inapire-Mapu, has spoken well," the Ulmens
replied.
The Indian peons then went to fetch from the chapel, upon the floor of
which it lay, a cross of at least thirty feet in height, which they
brought to the spot where the conferences had been held. All the chiefs
and the Chilian officers ranged themselves around it; the troops forming
a vast circle at a respectful distance. After the pause of an instant,
of which the priest took advantage to bless the cross with that off-hand
carelessness which distinguishes the Spanish clergy in America, it was
planted in the ground. At the moment it was about to gain its upright
position, Antinahuel interposed.
"Stop!" he said to the Indians armed with spades; and turning towards
the General, "Peace is well assured between us, is it not?" he asked.
"Yes, certainly," the General replied.
"All our words are buried under this cross?"
"All of them."
"Cover them with earth then," he said to the peons, "that they may not
escape, and that war may not be rekindled between us."
"When this ceremony was accomplished, Antinahuel caused a young lamb to
be brought, which the machi slaughtered near the cross. All the Indian
chiefs bathed their hands in the still warm blood of the quivering
animal, and daubed the cross with hieroglyphic signs, destined to keep
away Guécubu, the genius of evil, and prevent the words from escaping
from the spot in which they were buried. In conclusion, the Araucans
and the Chilians discharged their firearms in the air, and the ceremony
was ended. General Bustamente then coming up to the Toqui of the
Inapire-Mapu, passed his arm through the chiefs in a friendly manner,
saying in an ingratiating tone--
"Will not my brother, Antinahuel, come for an instant in my tent, to
taste a glass of aguardiente de Pisco and take maté?--he would render
his friend happy."
"Why should I not?" the chief replied, smiling, and in the most
good-humoured tone.
"My brother will accompany me!"
"Lead on, then."
Both moved off, chatting upon indifferent subjects, directing their
course towards the General's tent, which had been pitched within gunshot
of the place where the ceremony had taken place. The General had given
his orders beforehand, so that everything was prepared to receive the
guest he brought with him magnificently, as for the success of his
projects he had so great an interest in pleasing him.