Barberini, i. 437
Bibliotheca Casanatensis, ii. 222
of the Collegio Romano, i. 88
Corsini, ii. 445
of the Chiesa Nuova, ii. 167
of Palazzo Chigi, i. 76
of Santa Croce, ii. 131
of the Vatican, ii. 322
Locanda dell' Orso, ii. 223
Loggie of Raphael, ii. 337
Lorenzo, St., almsgiving of, i. 333;
sketch of life of, ii. 137;
trial of i. 283;
martyrdom of, i. 446;
burial-place of, 143;
cemetery of, 144
Lottery, Roman weekly drawing of the, ii. 198
Loyola, Ignatius, residence of, i. 107;
church where he was wont to preach, ii. 170
Lunatic Asylum, ii. 439
Lunghezza, ii. 135
Lupercal, the, i. 290
Luther, residence of, in Rome, i. 42
M.
Macellum Magnum, i. 334
Maderno, Stefano, masterpiece of, ii. 373
Malaria the, i. 21
Maldacchini, Olympia, influence of, ii. 197;
villa built by, 455
Mamertine Prisons, i. 153
Manufactory of Mosaics, ii. 359
Maranna, i. 375
Maratta, Carlo, monument of, ii. 40
Marmorata, the, ii. 393
Mars, temples of, i. 164, 373, 388
Martyrdoms--
best authenticated, i. 334--338
of Christians, place of, ii. 390
of S. Agata, i. 462
of S. Agnes, ii. 27
of S. Cecilia, ii. 371
of S. Ignatius, i. 211
of S. Gaudentius, i. 209
of S. Lorenzo, i. 466
of S. Martina, i. 212
of St. Paul, ii. 401
of St. Peter, ii. 451
of S. Prisca, i. 212
Pietra di Paragone, used in the, ii. 278
Masaccio, frescoes by, i. 343
Mausoleum of Augustus, i. 62;
statues at entrance of, 474
of Hadrian, ii. 227, 233
Medici, Villa, i. 49;
tombs of the Medici family, ii. 218, 219
Melozzo da Forli, important pictures by, i. 453; ii. 276, 357
Mentana, ii. 33
Meta Sudans, i. 206
Michael Angelo, works attributed to, i. 117, 119, 332, 334, 389;
ii. 58, 60, 163, 174, 210, 218;
the Moses of, ii. 58;
design of, for St. Peter's, ii. 244;
statue by, in St. Peter's, ii. 256;
frescoes by, ii. 285;
his most perfect work, ii. 388
Milliarium Aureum, i. 173
Mills of Belisarius, ii. 366
Miserere, of Passion Week, ii. 296
Monasteries--
of S. Andrew, i. 321
of S. Anna. ii. 387
of the Chiesa Nuova, ii. 167
of S. Croce, ii. 131
of S. Eusebio, ii. 77
of the Passionists, i. 329
Mons Sacer, ii. 32
Monte Caprino, i. 117
Cavallo, i. 446
Citorio, i. 78
Giordano, ii. 166
del Grano, ii. 124
Mario, ii. 427
di Pietà, ii. 181
Rotondo, ii. 34
Sacro (Mons Sacer), ii. 32
Testaccio, ii. 397
Morrà, national game of the Trasteverini, ii. 367
Mosaics--
in S. Cecilia, ii. 374
in S. Cesareo, i. 383
in S. Antonio, ii. 79
in S. Croce, ii. 130
in S. Clemente, i. 345
at S. Tommaso in Formis, i. 351
of SS. Cosmo and Damian, i. 192
in Crypt of St. Peter's, ii. 268, 273
in S. Francesca Romana, i. 198
in Jewish Catacomb, i. 407
in the Lateran, ii. 100
in S. Lorenzo, ii. 138
in Sta. Maria in Cosmedin, i. 233
in Domenica, i. 333
Maggiore, ii. 82, 83
Scala Cœli, ii. 400
in Trastevere, ii. 383, 385--387
in S. Martino al Monte, ii. 64
in the Navicella, i. 333
in SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, i. 380
in the Oratory of S. Venanzio, ii. 97
in the Orto del Paradiso, ii. 67
in S. Paolo fuori le Mura, ii. 405, 406
Papal Manufactory of, ii. 359
in St. Peter's, ii. 252, 256, 259, 260, 261, 263, 264
in S. Pietro in Vincoli, ii. 57
in S. Prassede, ii. 70
in S. Pudenziana, i. 471
in the Quirinal Palace, i. 454
in S. Sabina, i. 357
in the Sala Rotondo, ii. 318
in the Sancta Sanctorum, ii. 113
in S. Stefano Rotondo, i. 339
in S. Teodoro, i. 223
found at Torre Nuova, ii. 414
in the Triclinium of the Palace of Lateran, ii. 109
Muro-Torto, i. 46
Museo, Chiaramonti, ii. 305
Pio-Clementino, ii. 305
Museums--
Capitoline, i. 122
Christian, of the Lateran, ii. 117
Vatican, of Christian Antiquities, ii. 324
Egyptian, ii 331
Etruscan, ii. 327--331
Kircherian, i. 88
N.
Navicella, the, i. 330;
Mosaic of, ii. 246
Navona, Piazza, ii. 196
Naumachia, remnant of the pleasures of the, ii. 198
Neri, S. Filippo, i. 418;
chapel of, ii. 166;
library founded by, ii. 167;
foundation of Oratorians by, ii. 169;
hospital founded by, ii. 181;
portrait of, ii. 181;
resuscitation to life by, ii. 187
Nero, Grave of, i. 38;
Statue of, i. 200;
Palace of, i. 311;
Aqueduct of, i. 330;
Martyrs under, i. 335;
Tower of, i. 459;
death of, ii. 25;
Golden House of, ii. 52;
site of Baths of, ii. 202
Notte Vaticane, ii. 336
Nymphæum--
of S. Urbano, i. 413
of the Val d' Inferno, ii. 430
O.
Obelisk--
of the Esquiline, ii. 93
of the Villa Mattel, i. 332
of the Lateran, ii. 95
of the Minerva, ii. 211
of the Monte Cavallo, i. 446
Citorio, i. 78
of the Pantheon, ii. 211
of St. Peter's, ii. 238, 239
of the Piazza Navona, ii. 196
of the Pincio, i. 46
of the Piazza del Popolo, i. 37
of the Trinità de' Monti, i. 51
Observatory of the Collegio Romano, i. 88
Orti Farnesiani, i. 276
Osa, the river, ii. 135
Osteria delle Frattocchie, i. 429
Ostia, ii. 409
Ostian Gate, ii. 394, 399
Overbeck, Studio of, ii. 45
P.
Palaces--
Albani, i. 443
Aldobrandini, i. 461
Altemps, ii. 160
Altieri, i. 107
of Augustus, i. 280
Barberini, i. 436
Bernini, i. 73
Borghese, i. 65;
gallery in, 66
Braschi, ii. 188
Buonaparte, i. 103
of the Cæsars, i. 250
Caëtani, i. 268
Caffarelli, i. 142
of Caligula, i. 292
of the Cancelleria, ii. 177
Cardelli, ii. 155
Cenci, i. 259
Chigi, i. 76
Colonna, gallery in, i. 98
of the Conservators, i. 135
of the Consulta, i. 448
Corsini, ii. 439
Costaguti, i. 267
of Domitian, i. 312
Doria, i. 93;
gallery in, 94
Falconieri, ii. 175
Farnese, ii. 174
Farnesina, ii. 388
Gabrielli, ii. 166
Galitzin, ii. 155
Giraud, ii. 236
Giustiniani, ii. 202
del Governo Vecchio, ii. 165
Lancellotti, ii. 197
of the Lateran, ancient, ii. 108
of the Lateran, modern, ii. 114
Linote, ii. 178
Madama, ii. 198
Margana, i. 270
Massimo alle Colonne, ii. 186
Mattei, i. 268
Moroni, ii. 387
Muto-Savorelli, i. 103
of Nero, i. 311
Odescalchi, i. 98
Orsini, ii. 360
Pamfili, ii. 196
Parisani, i. 76
Patrizi, ii. 202
Pio, ii. 184
Poli, i. 81
Ponziani, ii. 369
of Pope Honorius III., i. 361
of the Quirinal, i. 449
della Regina di Polonia, i. 54
Rospigliosi, i. 434, 456
Ruspoli, i. 72
Sacchetti, ii. 176
Salviati, ii. 439
Santa Croce, ii. 182
Sciarra, i. 82
of the Senator, i. 120
Spada alla Regola, ii. 178
di Spagna, i. 57
of Tiberius, i. 291
Torlonia, i. 104
del Santo Uffizio, ii. 278
Valentini, i. 98
Venezia, i. 105
of Vespasian, i. 281
Vidoni, ii. 185
Palatine, the, i. 273--315
Pantheon, the, ii. 204--211
Parco di San Gregorio, i. 319
Pasquinades, ii. 188--192
Pasquino, ii. 188
Paul, St., house in which he lodged, i. 89;
trial of, in Palace of the Cæsars, i. 284;
prison of, i. 309;
skull of, ii. 100;
shrine of, ii. 273;
parting of, with St. Peter, ii. 398;
martyrdom of, ii. 399, 402;
pillar to which he was bound, ii. 401;
festivals of, ii. 408
Perretti, Cardinal, his residence at the Villa Negroni, ii. 35
Peruzzi, Baldassare, works of, ii. 160, 165, 178, 186;
tomb of, in the Pantheon, ii. 209;
design of, for St. Peter's, ii. 244;
frescoes by, ii. 448
Pescheria, the, i. 249
Peter, St., dungeon occupied by, in Mamertine Prisons, i. 153;
legend relating to, concerning Simon Magus, i. 197;
tradition of, i. 379;
legend relating to persecution of, ii. 389;
burial-place of, ii. 274;
preservation of his chains, ii. 54, 61;
relics of, ii. 61, 100;
statues of, ii. 226, 254;
episcopal chair of, ii. 261;
shrine and sarcophagus of, ii. 273;
parting of, with St. Paul, ii. 398;
crucifixion of, ii. 451
Photographers, i. 29
Pianta Capitolina, i. 123
Piazzas--
Barberini, i. 436
Bocca della Verità, ii. 392
Borghese, i. 66
del Campidoglio, i. 119
di Campitelli, i. 269
Campo di Fiore, ii. 176
Capo di Ferro, ii. 178
of the Cappuccini, ii. 7
Colonna, i. 76
di S. Eustachio, ii. 202
del Gesù, i. 108
di S. Giovanni, ii. 95
della Guidecca, i. 259
of S. Maria Maggiore, ii. 80
in Monti, i. 464
della Minerva, ii. 211
Montanara, i. 242
of the Monte Cavallo, i. 446
Monte Citorio, i. 78
of the Navicella, i. 330
Navona, ii. 196
del Orologio, ii. 166
of St. Peter's, ii. 238--240
Pia, ii. 236
del Popolo, i. 36
della Rotonda, ii. 211
Rusticucci, ii. 238
Scossa Cavalli, ii. 236
della Scuola, i. 256
di Spagna, i. 56, 58
delle Tartarughe, i. 267
del Tritone, i. 436
Picture Galleries--
Palazzo Barberini, i. 439
Borghese, i. 66
Capitoline, i. 140
Palace of the Lateran, ii. 118
Quirinal, i. 455
Palazzo Colonna, i. 99
Corsini, ii. 442
Doria, i. 94
Mattei, i. 268
Sciarra, i. 82
the Vatican, ii. 347, 359
Pierleoni, fortress of the, i. 245
Pietà, in S. Croce, ii. 130
in the Lateran, ii. 103, 104
in S. Maria dell' Anima, ii. 163
of S. Peter's, ii. 256
Pietra di Paragone, ii. 278
Pig-Market, Roman mode of killing pigs, ii. 417
Pigna, in garden of the Vatican, ii. 334
Pincio, the, i. 43, 44
Piscina Publica, i. 383
Plautilla, legend of, ii. 398, 399
Pollajuolo, Antonio, tomb of, ii. 56
Pompey, statue of, ii. 179;
theatre of, ii. 184
Ponte--
S. Angelo, ii. 226
S. Bartolomeo, ii. 366
Molle, ii. 421
Nomentana, ii. 31
di Nono, ii. 134
Quattro Capi, ii. 360
Rotto, i. 237; ii. 369
Salara, ii. 19
Sisto, ii. 390
Pontecello, stream of, i. 429
Popolo, Piazza del, i. 36
Prati del, ii. 397
Porta del, i. 37; ii. 422
Church of S. Maria del, i. 39
Porta, Giacomo della, works of, ii. 174, 244, 251, 400, 401
Guglielmo della, ii. 262
Porta--
Angelica, ii. 430
Asinaria, ii. 107
Capena, i. 373
Carmentalis, i. 239
Cavalleggieri, ii. 280
Collina, ii. 16
Furba, ii. 124
S. Giovanni, ii. 107
Latina, i. 384
S. Lorenzo, ii. 135
Maggiore, ii. 132
Mugonia, i. 274
Nomentana, ii. 24
Ostiensis, ii. 394
Palatii, i. 279
S. Pancrazio, ii. 452
S. Paolo, ii. 393
Pia, ii. 24
Pinciana, ii. 16
del Popolo, ii. 410
Portese, ii. 377
Romana, i. 274
Salara, ii. 16
Salutaria, i. 435
Santa, ii. 82;
ceremony of the destruction of the wall of, 248
S. Sebastiano, i. 387
Settimiana, ii. 388, 448
Sto. Spirito, ii. 434
Trigemina, ii. 392
Porticos--
of Baths of Constantine, i. 458
Leonino, ii. 102
of Livia, i. 198
of Octavia, i. 247
of Pallas Minerva, i. 165
of the Pantheon, ii. 206
of Temple of Mars, i. 388
of Quirinus, i. 435
of Theatre of Pompey, ii. 184
Poussin, Niccolas, i, 52;
house of, 54;
tomb of, 73
Prata Quinctia, i. 59
Presepio, origin of the, ii. 380
Pretorian Camp, remains of, ii. 34
Prima Porta, ii. 423
Prisons--
Carceri Nuove, ii. 176
in Castle of St. Angelo, ii. 234
the Island in the Tiber used as, in imperial times, ii. 362
Mamertine, i. 153
for Women, ii. 42
Propaganda, the, i. 59
Protestant Cemetery, ii. 395
Churches, ii. 410
Protomoteca, i. 136
Pseudo-Aventine, i. 368
Pyramid, of Caius Cestius, ii. 394
of Scipio Africanus, ii. 236
Q.
Quattro Fontane, ii. 34, 45
Quirinal, i. 433--455
R.
Railway Station, ii. 35
Raphael, painter, sculptor, and architect, i. 41;
Works of, 67, 83, 96, 167, 305, 439; ii. 102, 158, 164, 185;
tomb of, in the Pantheon, 209;
house of, 225;
design of, for St. Peter's, 244;
cartoons of, 321;
Loggie of, 337;
frescoes by, 338, 340--343, 345, 446, 448;
pictures by, 348, 350, 356;
his last work, ii. 351;
Villa of, 416
Regia, site of the, i. 178
Relics--
of S. Andrew, ii. 253, 421, 456
Arm of St. Thomas à Becket, ii. 172
Brains of St. Thomas à Becket, ii. 92
Body of St. Bartholomew, ii. 364
ait S.S. Cosmo and Damian, i. 192
Chains of St. Peter, ii. 61
Chair of St. Peter, ii. 261
Column to which our Saviour is reputed to have been bound, ii. 68
of S. Carlo Borromeo, ii. 69; ii. 167
of S. Dominic, i. 360
of S. Francesca Romana, i. 270
of St. Francis, ii. 379
of Ignatius Loyola, i. 107
list of, in Lateran, ii. 102
in S. Martino al Monte, ii. 64
of St Peter's, exhibition of, ii. 253, 254
in Sancta Sanctorum, ii. 112, 113
Sancta Culla, ii. 91
Santa Scala, ii. 110
of Tasso, ii. 437
Title of the True Cross, exhibition of, ii. 129
in Treasury of St. Peter's, ii. 276
Remus, temple of, i. 191
Ripetta, the, i. 37;
Quay of the, 59
Ripresa dei Barberi, i. 105
Roman Pearls, i. 29
Romana, Sta. Francesca, favourite saint of the Romans, i. 148; ii. 136;
her death, i. 195; ii. 370;
miracle attributed to, ii. 378;
vineyard of, ii. 398
Rome, statue so called, ii. 35
Romulus and Remus, legend of, i. 288;
walls of, 305;
connection with Aventine, 349;
temple to, 434
Rosa, Salvator, i. 94, 95;
monument of, ii. 40
Rospigliosi, Palazzo, i. 456
Rupe Tarpeia, i. 142
S.
Sacchi, Andrea, grave of, ii. 105
Sacer, Mons, ii. 32
Sala degli Animali, ii. 313
della Biga, ii. 319
di Constantino, ii. 340
a Croce Greca, ii. 319
Ducale, ii. 298
delle Muse, ii. 317
Sala delle Regia, ii. 285
Rotonda, ii. 318
Salita di S. Onofrio, ii. 434
Sancta Sanctorum, in Palace of Lateran, ii. 111
Sangallo, Antonio di, works of, ii. 174, 244, 285
Sansovino, Andrea, statue by, ii. 158
Santa Scala, ii. 110
Scannabecchi, stream of, ii. 425
Schools--
Castigliana, i. 256
Catilana, i. 256
for Music, in the Middle Ages, ii. 121
Scuola Nuova, i. 256
Siciliana, i. 256
del Tempio, i. 256
Sciarra, Palazzo, i. 82
Scipios, Tomb of the, i. 385
Sculptors, studios of, i. 31
Sebastian, St., place of martyrdom of, i. 203;
fresco, relating to legend of, ii. 56;
statues of, i. 417; ii. 194
Seminario Romano, ii. 159
Septizonium of Severus, i. 312
Seven Hills of Rome, i. 298
Shops--
for Antiquities, i. 29
Arvotti's, the famous Roman-scarf shop, ii. 198
Bookbinder's, i. 30
Booksellers', i. 29
for Bronzes, i. 29
for Cameos, i. 29
for Carpets and small house articles, i. 30
for Drawing materials, i. 29
English Grocer's, i. 30
Engraver's, i. 30
for Engravings, i. 29
German Baker's, i. 30
for Gloves, i. 30
Italian Grocer and Wine-Merchant's, i. 30
Jewellers', i. 29
for Lace, well-known, i. 267
for Ladies' dresses, i. 30
for Mosaics, i. 29
for Oil, Candles, and Wood, &c., i. 30
for Roman Ribbons and Shawls, i. 30
for Roman Pearls, i. 29
Shoemakers', i. 30
Tailors', i. 30
St. Peter's, first sight of, i. 17;
view of, from the Pincio, 44;
distant view of, from Villa Medici, 51;
"View of, through the Keyhole," 365;
the approach to, ii. 238;
early history of buildings on the site of, 242;
the building of, 244;
expenses of building, 245;
façade, 245;
vestibule, 246;
entrance of the Cathedral, 249;
nave, 251;
dimensions of building, 251;
cupola, 252;
Baldacchino, 252;
relics, 253;
statues, 254, 255;
chapels, 256--258;
monuments, 259--266;
tribune, 261;
chair of, 261;
confessionals, 267;
crypt of, 267--274;
sarcophagi, 270--274;
dome of, 275;
sacristy of, 275;
treasury of, 276;
archives of, 277;
best view of, 454
Stanze, d'Eliodoro, ii. 341
of the Incendio del Borgo, ii. 345
della Segnatura, ii. 342
Statues of--
Abbate Luigi, ii. 186
S. Agnese, ii. 194
Agrippa, ii. 206
S. Anastasia, i. 224
Antinous, the, ii. 308
Aristotle, ii. 180
Augustus, ii. 206, 424
Barberini Palace, the, i. 438
Benedict XIII., i. 303
S. Bruno, ii. 40
Calumny, i. 75
Capitoline Gallery, the, 123--135
Castor and Pollux, i. 118
S. Cecilia, ii. 373
Chapel of the Sacrament, the, ii. 89
Christian Museum, the, ii. 117
Clœlia, i. 199
Collection of, in Palazzo Sacchetti, ii. 176
Colossal, Minerva, ii. 35
Constantine, ii. 106
Corsini Chapel, the, ii. 103
Discobolus, the, ii. 186
Domitian, i. 179
Drusus, i. 387
Egyptian Museum, the, ii. 332
S. Gregorio, i. 326
Gregory XVI., ii. 405
Hall of the Senators, the, i. 121
Henry IV., ii. 99
S. Jerome, i. 60
S. John the Baptist, i. 344
Julius II., on tomb, ii. 59, 60
Juno, i. 112
Jupiter, i. 112
Justice, i. 378
S. Lorenzo, ii. 137
Marcus Aurelius, i. 119; ii. 186
Mars, ii. 14
S. Martina, i. 188
Mausoleum of Augustus, the, i. 447
Minerva, i. 112
Moses, ii. 42, 59
Nile, the, i. 184
Orpheus, ii. 51
Pasquino, ii. 188
Peter and Paul, ii. 130
S. Peter's, balustrade and steps of, ii. 245, 246;
nave, 254;
crypt of, 268, 273
Philip IV. of Spain, ii. 82
Pincio, the, i. 43
Pompey, at the foot of which Cæsar fell, ii. 179
Porta Pia, ii. 24
Raphael, by, i. 41
S. Sebastian, ii. 194, 221
S. Silvia, i. 325
Torso Belvidere, ii. 306
Trajan, i. 161
Vatican, the, ii. 300--322
Vatican Library, the, ii. 324
Villa Albani, the, ii. 18
Villa Borghese, the, ii. 414--416
Villa Pamfili Doria, the, ii. 454
Stone, on which Abraham was about to offer Isaac, ii. 237
Sacred, legend of, i. 294
Streets--see Via
Studios--
Artists', i. 30
of Overbeck, ii. 45
Sculptors', i. 31
Suburra, the, ii. 49
Summa Via Nova, i. 277
Sun, Aurelian's Temple of the, i. 436, 458
Sylvester, ancient Chair and Mitre of, ii. 64
T.
Tarquin, site of camp of, ii. 378
Tasso, Monument of, ii. 436;
death of, 437;
remains of oak planted by, 438;
annual commemoration of, at the Accademia, 439
Teatino, Don Gaëtano di, founder of the Order of the Theatins, ii. 388
Tempesta, i. 334, 457; ii. 226, 337
Tempietto, on the Pincio, i. 54;
on site of St. Peter's crucifixion, ii. 451
Temples--
of Æsculapius, ii. 364
Antoninus and Faustina, i. 182
Apollo, i. 296; ii. 134
the Aventine, i. 351--353
Bacchus, i. 412
Castor and Pollux, i. 175
Ceres, i. 227
Cybele, i. 294
Fides, i. 114
Fortuna Virilis, i. 235
Muliebris, ii. 125
Fortune, i. 228
Health and Fever, i. 435
Honour and Virtue, i. 115
on the Island, ii. 363
of Janus Quirinus, i. 180
Julius Cæesar, i. 183
Juno, i. 247
Moneta, i. 115
Sospita, i. 298
Jupiter Capitolinus, i. 111--114
Feretrius, i. 115
Stator, i. 247, 278
Tonans, i. 115
Liber, i. 227
Libera, i. 227
Mars, i. 114
Ultor, i. 163, 164
in Memory of the French who fell in the siege of Rome, ii. 455
of Minerva, i. 298
Moonlight, i. 298
Neptune, i. 79
Peace, i. 184
Piety, i. 241
Remus, i. 191
Romulus, i. 434
Saturn, i. 172
the Sun, i. 117
Tellus, ii. 48
Venus Erycina, i. 114
Venus and Rome, last Pagan, in use, i. 199
Vespasian, i. 171
Vesta, i. 176, 235
Victory, i. 294
Tenerani, works of, ii. 221, 264, 407
Termini, the, ii. 34
Terraces of--
the Pincio, i. 43
the Villa Albani, view from. ii. 17
Doria, ii. 454
Medici, i. 49
Theatres of--
Apollo, the, ii. 224 (modern)
Balbus, ii. 153
Marcellus, i. 244
Palace of the Cæsars, in, i. 288
Pompey, ii. 153, 184
Thorwaldsen, works of, i. 188, 455; ii. 210, 264, 300
Tiber, inundations of the, i. 222;
Island in the, ii. 361;
picturesque views on the banks of, 421
Tiberius, Arch of, i. 173;
Palace of, 291
Tigellum Sororis, ii. 49
Titus, Arch of, i. 200;
Baths of, ii. 52
Tombs--
of Adam of Hertford, Bishop of London, ii. 372
in Ara-Cœli, i. 147, 148
of the Baker Eurysaces, ii. 132
Bastari, ii. 385
Bernardino Capella, i. 339
Bibulus, i. 105
the Cæcilii, i. 395
Caius Cestius, ii. 394
Camillo Borghese, ii. 87
in the Campus Esquilinus, ii. 36
of Carlo Maratta, ii. 40
Cardinal Adimari, i. 196
d'Alençon, ii, 385
Barberini, ii. 9
Fortiguerra, ii. 372
Gonsalvi, i. 87; ii. 90
Guido di Balneo, i. 364
Mai, i. 225
Pacca, i. 269
Rovarella, i. 344
Vulcani, i. 196
Zurla, i. 323
Casale Rotondo, i. 428
of Cecilia Metella, i. 422
in Chapel of the Rosary, i. 359
of Clement VII., ii. 219
IX., ii. 84
XIV., i. 101
S. Constantia, ii. 28
S. Cosmo and Damian, i. 191
destruction of, in old Basilica of St. Peter's, ii. 257--266
of Daniel O'Connell, i. 462
Doric, relic of republican times, i. 105
of Emmanuel IV., i. 444
Francesca di Ponziani, i. 195
eminent Frenchmen, ii. 200
Geta, i. 388
Gibson, the sculptor, ii. 397
Gregory XI., i. 196
XIV., i. 85
S. Helena, ii. 133
the Historian of the popes, ii. 92
the Horatii and Curiatii, i. 427
Imperia, i. 323
John Lascaris, i. 463
Julius II., ii. 59
Knights of Malta, i. 365
Lanfranco, ii. 385
Leo X., ii. 218
in S. Maria del Popolo, i. 39--42
of Martha Swinburne, ii. 171
Sta. Martina, i. 188
Munoz de Zamora, i. 358
Nero, i. 38
Nicholas IV., ii. 84
Nicholas Poussin, i. 73
Painters, in the Pantheon, ii. 209, 210
Paul IV., ii. 215
Pius V., ii. 89
Pompey, i. 429
Pope St. Cornelius, i. 399
Melchiades, i. 398
in S. Prassede, ii. 69
of Prince Altieri, i. 269
Princess Colonna, ii. 213
Ruins of, i. 426, 428, 429
of Salvator Rosa, ii. 40
the Scipios, i. 385
Sixtus V., ii. 89
Bishop Spinelli, i. 365
the Stuarts, ii. 266
Sylla, i. 37
Temple of Divus Rediculus, i. 416
of Torquemada, ii. 213
Torre--
degli Anicii, ii. 362
di Babele, i. 460
dei Conti, ii. 48, 54
del Grillo, i. 460
Marancia, i. 408
Mellina, ii. 193
Mezza Strada, mediæval fortress, i. 427
delle Milizie, i. 460
Nomentana, ii. 32
di Nona, ii. 223
Nuova, ii. 133, 414
Pernice, ii. 133
Pignatarra, ii. 133
di Quinto, ii. 423
Sanguinea, ii. 160
dei Schiavi, ii. 133
della Scimia (Hilda's Tower), ii. 156
di Selce, i. 429
Tre Teste, ii. 134
Torretta del Palatino, view from, i. 298
Towers--
Capitol, of the, i. 121
Frangipani, of the, ii. 62
Mecænas, of, ii. 65
Mediæval, of S. Lucia in Selce, ii. 65
Trastevere, the, i. 237;
its present condition, characteristics of its inhabitants,
its national games, ii. 367
Trattorie, resort of lower orders to, ii. 422
Travellers, hurried, scheme for, in visiting Rome, i. 32;
first lesson in Roman Geography for, 36;
interesting excursions for, ii. 426;
objects of interest for Irish, 450
Tre Fontane, the, ii. 399
Trevi, Fountain of, i. 79
Trophies of Marius, ii. 74
Turrita, Jacopo da, mosaics by, ii. 83
U.
Udine, Giovanni da, ii. 300, 324, 426, 448
Umbilicus Romæ, i. 173
University of the Sapienza, ii. 202
V.
Vaga, Pierino del, tomb of, ii. 209
Val d'Inferno, ii. 430
Valleys--
of the Almo, i. 388
Caffarelle, i. 390
between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills, i. 222
Valley between Palatine and Aventine, i. 225, 365
Vallis Quirinalis, site of, i. 464
Vatican, the, i. 467;
history of the quarter, and of the foundation of the Palace,
ii. 282--284;
Sala Regia, 285;
Sistine Chapel, paintings of, 286--295;
residence of the pope in, 298;
Museum of Statues, 300;
Braccio-Nuovo, 300;
Cabinets of Sculpture, 308--311;
Gabinetto delle Maschere, 316;
Library of the, 271, 322;
portraits of librarians, 323;
Appartamenti Borgia, 324;
inner Garden of the, 333;
larger Garden, 335;
Golden age of the, 336;
Loggie of Raphael, 337;
Stanze, frescoes in the, 340--345;
Picture Gallery, 347;
Wine of the, 430
Velabrum, the, i. 222;
derivation of name, 223
Velia, the, i. 277
Vespasian, Palace of, i. 281;
favourite residence of, ii. 12
Vesta, Temple of, i. 235;
Shrine of, 298
Via--
S. Agostino, ii. 160
Alessandrina, i. 163
dell' Anima, ii. 193
S. Antonio dei Portoguesi, ii. 156
Appia, i. 372
Appia Nuova, i. 412, 429; ii. 107
Ardeatina, i. 389
Babuino, i. 54
di Banchi, ii. 224
S. Basilio, ii. 12
de' Baullari, ii. 178
del Borgo Nuovo, ii. 236
Borgo Sto. Spirito, ii. 237
delle Botteghe Oscure, i. 268
Calabraga, ii. 170
della Caravita, i. 85
Cassia, ii. 426
S. Claudio, i. 76
Clivus Capitolinus, i. 170, 172
del Colosseo, ii. 47
Condotti, i. 65
della Consolazione, i. 174
delle Convertite, i. 74
dei Coronari, ii. 223
del Corso, i. 36, 60
della Croce Bianca, i. 165
dei Crociferi, i. 464
Crucis, ii. 449
della Ferratelia, i. 382
dei Fienili (Vicus Tuscus), i. 176, 221
Flaminia, great Northern road of Italy, ii. 423
delle Fornaci, ii. 449
S. Giovanni, ii. 94
Decollato, i. 239
de' Fiorentini, ii. 225
Giulia, ii. 175
del Governo Vecchio, ii. 165
Gregoriana, i. 54
S. Gregorio, i. 375
Immerulana, ii. 122
Latina, ii. 124
Longarina, ii. 368
S. Lucia in Selci, ii. 65
Lungara, ii. 434
Lungaretta, ii. 379, 382
de Macao, ii. 34
Maganaopoli, i. 461
Maggiore, ii. 72
Margutta, i. 54
della Marmorata, ii. 392
Mazzarini, i. 461
de Mercede, i. 75
Monserrato, ii. 170
del Monte Tarpeio, i. 272
Morticelli, ii. 379
S. Niccolo in Tolentino, ii. 12
Nova, i. 307
Ostiensis, ii. 409
Pane e Perna, i. 466
S. Pantaleone, ii. 186
in Parione, ii. 165
della Pedacchia, i. 117
del Piè di Marmo, ii. 222
de' Pontefici, i. 61
della Porta Pia, ii. 43
delle Quattro Fontane, i. 474
del Quirinale, i. 444
Ripetta, i. 37
Sta. Sabina, i. 355
Sacra, i. 205
della Salita del Grillo, i. 165
Savelli, ii. 360
della Scala, ii. 388
della Scrofa, ii. 154
S. Sebastiano, i. 375
della Sediola, ii. 197, 202
dei Serpenti, i. 463
Sistina, i. 54
di San Sisto Vecchio, i. 375
Sterrata, i. 443
Tor de' Specchi, i. 270
Tordinona, ii. 223
Triumphalis, i. 206
Urbana, i. 468
della Vale, ii. 185
dei Vascellari, ii. 369
delle Vergine, i. 103
S. Vitale, i. 435, 466
della Vite, i. 74
Vittoria, i. 64
Vicus, Corneliorum, i. 436;
Cyprius, ii. 49
Vigna, Codini, i. 386
dei Gesuiti, i. 368
Marancia, i. 389
Vignola, works of, ii. 418, 421
Villas--
Albani, ii. 17
Altieri, ii. 132
Borghese, ii. 411
of Claude Lorraine, ii. 419
of Commodus, i. 427
Doria, ii. 454
Esmeade, ii. 417
Farnesina, ii. 446
of the Gordians, ii. 133
Lante, ii. 452
Lezzani, ii. 25
List of most important, i. 32
of Livia, ii. 423
of Lucius Verus, ii. 135
Ludovisi, ii. 13
Madama, ii. 426
Massimo Arsoli, ii. 122
Negroni, ii. 35
Rignano, ii. 12
Mattei, i. 332
Medici, i. 49
Mellini, ii. 427
Mills, i. 304, 311
Negroni, i. 473
Olgiati, once of Raphael, ii. 416
Palombara, ii. 74
Pamfili Doria, ii. 454
of Papa Giulio, ii. 418
Patrizi, ii. 25
of the Servilii, ii. 124
Spada, ii. 20
Torlonia, ii. 26
Triopio, i. 414
Wolkonski, ii. 123
Viminal Hill, i. 433, 466
Vinci, Leonardo da, remarkable works of, i. 83; ii. 437
Virgin, one of the earliest representations of the, ii. 21;
first church dedicated to, ii. 382
Volterra, Daniele da, the masterpiece of, i. 52
Vulcanal, site of the, i. 171
W.
Walls--
Aurelian, i. 385
of Romulus, i. 305
Servius Tullius, 368
Wine of the Vatican, ii. 430
Z.
Zucchero, T., tomb of, ii. 210
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* * * * *
The following typographical errors were corrected by the etext
transcriber:
Palmegiani, 66 Piazzi di Spagna=>Palmegiani, 66 Piazza di Spagna
putatur is esse constitutus è marmore=>putatur is esse constitutus ex
marmore
with vaulted cielings and beautiful frescoes=>with vaulted ceilings and
beautiful frescoes
after his truimph for his=>after his triumph for his
la mémoire du frère quil avait=>la mémoire du frère qu'il avait
Madame de Stael=>Madame de Staël
cet egard du pauvre Capucin=>cet égard du pauvre Capucin
qui ne connâi de l'histoire des=>qui ne connâit de l'histoire des
dépuis les thermes de=>depuis les thermes de
Before he came to reside here he had been miracuously=>Before he came to
reside here he had been miraculously
St. Cyprian and Justinian=>SS. Cyprian and Justinian
The interior of S. Sabba is in the basilica form=>The interior of St.
Sabba is in the basilica form
Roma Sotteranea=>Roma Sotterranea
Il fut alors sollicite intérieurement=>Il fut alors sollicité
intérieurement
litanies autour de ce tableau."--Stendal.=>litanies autour de ce
tableau."--Stendhal.
se précipita dons ses bras,=>se précipita dans ses bras,
good terrra-cotta mouldings=>good terra-cotta mouldings
la visage sérieux=>le visage sérieux
On y voit une femme endormie dont l'attidude=>On y voit une femme
endormie dont l'attitude
eyes in the rotonda of the Vatican=>eyes in the rotunda of the Vatican
île a été entrainée par la violence=>île a été entraînée par la violence
construire le palais Pamphili, a créer la villa Pamphili, et a
pamphiliser=>construire le palais Pamphili, à créer la villa Pamphili,
et à pamphiliser
S. Pancrado, ii. 452=>S. Pancrazio, ii. 452
* * * * *
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Dionysius, xii. 8.
[2] Livy, v. 13.
[3] _Observe._--Here and elsewhere the arms of the Della Rovere--an
oak-tree. Robur, an oak,--hence Rovere.
[4] The beautiful 15th century altar of four virgin saints at S.
Cosimato in Trastevere, is said to have been brought from this chapel.
[5] All authorities agree that this beautiful portrait is not the work
of Raphael. Kugler also denies that it is the likeness of Cæsar Borgia.
[6] See Kugler, ii. 449.
[7] Of the many Handbooks for Italy which have appeared, perhaps that of
Du Pays (in one volume) is the most comprehensive, and--as far as its
very condensed form allows--much the most interesting.
[8] See Trollope's Life of Vittoria Colonna.
[9] See "Un Figliuol' di Maria, ossia un Nuovo nostro Fratello," edited
by the Baron di Bussiere. 1842.
[10] It is more worth while to visit the Palazzo Chigi at Lariccia, near
Albano, which retains its stamped leather hangings, and much of its old
furniture. Here may be seen, assembled in one room, the portraits of the
twelve nieces of Alexander VII., who were so enchanted when their uncle
was made pope, that they all took the veil immediately to please him!
[11] This Gallery has been closed since the Sardinian occupation.
[12] So called from the Jesuit father of that name, who lived in the
17th century.
[13] Galat. ii. 7.
[14] Philipp. iv. 22.
[15] 2 Timothy i. 16
[16] Philemon 23.
[17] Philipp. ii. 22.
[18] Kugler.
[19] Varro, De Ling. Lat. v. 42.
[20] Smith's Roman Mythology.
[21] Vitruvius, iv. 7, 1.
[22] Pliny, xxxv. 12.
[23] Pliny, vii. 39.
[24] Livy, vii. 3.
[25] Pliny, xxxiii. 18.
[26] Pliny, xxxvi. 5.
[27] Tacitus, Hist. iii. 74.
[28] Tacitus, Hist. iv. 53.
[29] Zosimus, lib. v. c. 38.
[30] Valerius Maximus, ii. 3. 3.
[31] Vitruvius, iii. 2, 5; Propertius, iv. 11, 45; Cic. pro Planc. 32.
[32] Livy, vi. 20.
[33] Livy, v. 48.
[34] Velleius Paterc. ii. 3.
[35] See Merivale, Hist. of the Romans, vol. vi.
[36] Dyer's Rome, 407, 408, 409.
[37] Ampère, Emp. i. 22.
[38] When 400 houses and three or four churches were levelled to the
ground to make a road for his triumphal approach.--_Rabelais_, Lettre
viii. p. 21.
[39] Dyer's City of Rome, p. 379.
[40] R, right; L, left.
[41] The statue of Leo X. is interesting as having been erected to this
popular art-loving pope in his lifetime. It is inscribed--"Optimi
liberalissimique pontificis memoriæ."
[42] Plin. Nat Hist xxix. 14, I; Plut. Fort. Rom. 12.
[43] Hist. Rom. i. 382.
[44] The "Dies Iræ," by Tommaso di Celano, of the fourteenth century.
[45] "Per gradus qui sunt super Calpurnium fornicem."
[46] Paradiso, canto xii.
[47] Hist. Rome.
[48] "Est locus in carcere quod Tullianum appellatur, ubi paululum
descenderis ad lævam, circiter duodecim pedes humi depressus. Eum
muniunt undique parietes, atque insuper camera lapideis fornicibus
vincta; sed incultu, tenebris, odore fœda. atque terribilis ejus
facies."--_Sall. Catil._ lv.
[49] See Ampère, Hist. Rom. ii. 31.
[50] This story is most picturesquely told by Dante. Purg. x. 72.
[51] Ovid, Fasti, v. 575, 699.
[52] Statius, i. 6. Livy, vii. 6.
[53] Livy, vii. 6. Varr. iv. 32.
[54] Pliny, xv. 18.
[55] Suetonius, Aug. 22.
[56] Cicero de Off. ii. 25.
[57] Livy, iii. 48.
[58] Pliny, xv. 29.
[59] Vitruvius, iii.
[60] Ampère, Emp. ii. 233.
[61] Josephus, vii. 37.
[62] Pliny, xxxvi. 7.
[63] See Percy's Romanism.
[64] See the whole question of Simon Magus discussed in Waterworth's
"England and Rome."
[65] Prudentius contra Symmac. i. 1, 25.
[66] Dion Cassius, lxvi. 15.
[67] S. Buonaventura is perhaps best known to the existing Christian
world as the author of the beautiful hymn, "Recordare sanctæ crucis."
[68] Varro, de R. Rust i. 2, and iii. 16.
[69] See Poggio, De Vanitate Fortunæ.
[70] This inscription, found in the catacomb of S. Agnese, runs:
"Sic præmia servas Vespasiane dire
Premiatus es morte Gaudenti letare
Civitatis ubi gloriæ tuæ autori,
Promisit iste Kristus omnia tibi
Quï alium paravit theatrum in cœlo."
[71] See Hemans' Catholic Italy.
[72] A work has been published by S. Deakin on the Flora of the
Coliseum. This was very remarkable, but has greatly suffered during the
so-called cleansing of the building by the Italian government in 1871.
[73] Quamdiu stat Colysæus, stabit et Roma; quando cadet Colysæus, cadet
Roma; quando cadet Roma, cadet et mundus.
[74] See Ampère, Hist. Rom. ii. 289--292.
[75] "Quis a signo Vertumni in circum maximum venit, quin is unoquoque
gradu de avaritia tua commoneretur? quam tu viam tensarum atque pompæ
ejus modi exegisti, ut tu ipse ire non audeas."--_In Verrem_, i. 59.
[76] Varro, de Ling. Lat. v. 44. See Ampère, Hist. Rom. ii. 32.
[77] Varro, de Ling. Lat. iv. 8.
[78] "There is no doubt that many of the amusements, still more many of
the religious practices now popular in this capital, may be traced to
sources in Pagan antiquity. The game of _morra_, played with the fingers
(the _micare digitis_ of the ancients); the rural feasting before the
chapel of the _Madonna del divino Amore_ on Whit Monday; the revelry and
dancing _sub diu_ for the whole night on the Vigil of St. John, (a scene
on the Lateran piazza, riotous, grotesque, but not licentious); the
divining by dreams to obtain numbers for the lottery; hanging _ex voto_
pictures in churches to commemorate escapes from danger or recovery from
illness; the offering of jewels, watches, weapons, &c., to the Madonna;
the adorning and dressing of sacred images, sometimes for particular
days; throwing flowers on the Madonna's figure when borne in processions
(as used to be honoured the image, or stone, of Cybele); burning lights
before images on the highways; paying special honour to sacred pictures,
under the notion of their having moved their eyes; or to others, under
the idea of their supernatural origin--made without hands; wearing
effigies or symbols as amulets (thus Sylla wore, and used to invoke, a
little golden Apollo hung round his neck); suspending flowers to shrines
and tombs; besides other uses, in themselves blameless and beautiful,
nor, even if objectionable, to be regarded as the genuine reflex of what
is dogmatically taught by the Church. This enduring shadow thrown by
Pagan over Christian Rome is, however, a remarkable feature in the story
of that power whose eminence in ruling and influencing was so
wonderfully sustained, nor destined to become extinct after empire had
departed from the Seven Hills."--_Hemans' Monuments of Rome._
[79] Made to flow with wine under Heliogabalus.
[80] Pliny, xxxiv. 2.
[81] Livy, xxi. 62.
[82] Ampère, Hist. Rom. i.
[83] Dyer, 104.
[84] Livy, v. 40.
[85] Dion Cassius, lxiii. 21.
[86] Ampère, iii. 48.
[87] Vitruvius, iii. 3.
[88] Fasti, i. 515.
[89] Plin. H. N. vii. 36; Val. Max. v. 4--7; Festus, p. 609.
[90] Beatrice and Lucrezia Cenci were imprisoned in the Corte Savella,
and led thence to execution.
[91] See the account of the Basilica of St. Lorenzo fuori Mura.
[92] See Ch. IV.
[93] See Dyer's City of Rome.
[94] Sat. iii.
[95] Sat. xvi.
[96] See Dr. Philip's article on "The Jews in Rome."
[97] This account is much abridged from the interesting translation in
Whiteside's "Italy in the Nineteenth Century," from "_Beatrice Cenci
Romana, Storia del Secolo xvi. Raccontata dal D. A. A. Firenze_."
[98] Livy, iv. 16; xxxviii. 28.
[99] Merivale, Hist. of Romans under the Empire, chap. xl.
[100] Merivale, chap. xl.
[101] Sueton. _Aug._ 72.
[102] Livy, i. 41.
[103] Livy, i. 41.
[104] The palace of Numa was close to the Temple of Vesta; that of
Tullus Hostilius was on the Cœlian; those of Servius Tullius and
Tarquinius Superbus on the Esquiline.
[105] Dionysius, ii. 50; Livy, i. 12.
[106] Varr, iv. 8.
[107] Vell. Paterc. ii. 81.
[108] Tac. _Ann._ xi. 2.
[109] Dion Cassius mentions that the ceilings of Halls of Justice in the
Palatine were painted by Severus to represent the starry sky. The old
Roman practice was for the magistrate to sit under the open sky, which
probably suggested this kind of ceiling.
[110] Ann, iv. 54.
[111] Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 18; Suet. _Ner._ 33; Dion. lxi. 7.
[112] See Gibbon, i. 133.
[113] Tacitus, Hist. i. 77; Suet. Vitell. 15.
[114] Merivale, ch. xlv.
[115] Suet. Cal. 22.
[116] _Suet. Claud._ 10. "Prorepsit ad solarium proximum, interque
prætenta foribus vela se abdidit." The solarium was the external
terraced portico, and this still remains.
[117] Tac. _Ann._ xi. 37, 38; Dion. lx. 31; Suet. _Claud._ 39.
[118] Tac. _Ann._ xii. 67; Suet _Claud._ 44.
[119] Dionysius, i. 32; Livy, xxix. 14.
[120] Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome.
[121] Ep. i. 70.
[122] Festus, 340, 348.
[123] Suet. Tib. 47; Cal. 21, 22; Tac. Ann. vi. 45.
[124] De re Rust, iii. 5.
[125] Pliny, xxxvi. 2.
[126] See Smith's Dict. of Roman Biography.
[127] Plin. H. N. xvii. 1.
[128] ix. 1, 4.
[129] Suet. _Nero_, 2.
[130] Smith's Dict. of Roman Biography.
[131] Tollam altius tectum, non ut ego te despiciam, sed ne tu aspicias
urbem eam, quam delere voluisti.--_De Harusp. Res._ 15.
[132] Cic. pro Dom. ad Pont. 42.
[133] See Ampère, Hist. Rom. iv. 528.
[134] Dion Cass. liiii. 27.
[135] Dyer, p. 143.
[136] Pro Quinet. 1, 2, 22, 24, 26.
[137] Pro Verr. i. 14, 39.
[138] Ad Att. vi. 6.
[139] Macrob. Saturn, ii. 9.
[140] Varr. R. R. iii. 17; Pliny, H. N. ix. 55.
[141] Suet. _Aug._ 72.
[142] Plut. _Romul._ xi.
[143] Tac. Ann. xii. 24.
[144] Prell. R. Myth. 456.
[145] Cic. de Div. i. 45; Livy, v. 32.
[146] Plut. _Rom. Sol._ 2.
[147] Cic. _Brut._ 34.
[148] Padre Garucci, S. J., has published an exhaustive monograph on
this now celebrated "Graffito Blasphemo." Roma, 1857.
[149] The Palace of Nero is described in Tacitus, Ann. xv. 42, and
Suetonius, _Ner._ 31.
[150] Septimius Severus was born A.D. 146, near Leptis in Africa.
Statius addresses a poem to one of his ancestors, Sept. Severus of
Leptis.
[151] Martial, xii. Ep. 75.
[152] Dion Cass. Commod.
[153] Lamprid. Elagab. 8.
[154] Cassiod. vii. 5.
[155] Dyer's Rome, p. 222.
[156] Ampère, Hist. Rom. iv. 460.
[157] Trebellius Pollio.
[158] Gibbon, v. 1.
[159] S. Filippo Neri.
[160] Mrs. Jameson.
[161] Montalembert, Moines d'Occident.
[162] Milman's Latin Christianity, vol. II.
[163] Rome possesses at least eight fine modern statues of
saints:--besides those of Sta. Silvia and St. Gregory, are the Sta.
Agnese of Algardi, the Sta. Bibiana of Bernini, the Sta. Cecilia of
Moderno, the Sta. Susanna of Quesnoy, the Sta. Martina of Menghino, and
the S. Bruno of Houdon.
[164] See Roma Sotterranea, p. 106.
[165] "Deus, qui sanctum Joannem confessorem tuum perfectæ suæ
abnegationis, et crucis amatorem eximium efficisti, concede; ut ejus
imitationi jugiter inhærentes, gloriam assequamur æternam."--_Collect of
St. John of the Cross, Roman Vesper-Book._
[166] A square nimbus indicates that a portrait was executed _before_, a
round _after_ the death of the person represented.
[167] See Emile Braun--the building of the Macellum is described by Dion
Cassius, xi. 18; Notitia, Reg. ii.
[168] Best known by his comic pictures in the Uffizi at Florence.
[169] Virg. Æn. viii. 104, 108, 216; Ov. Fast. i. 551.
[170] Ov. Fast. v. 149.
[171] Ampère, Hist. Rom. i. 79.
[172] Varro, iv. 7.
[173] Livy, i, 20.
[174] Ovid, Fast. iii. 295.
[175] "Onions, hair, and pilchards."--See Plutarch's Life of Numa.
[176] Ampère, Hist. Rom. i. 427.
[177] Dionysius, iii. 43.
[178] Ovid, Fast. v. 293.
[179] Fast. iii 883.
[180] Ovid, Trist. iii. 71.
[181] See the account of the Ch. of Sta. Francesca Romana, Chap. iv.
[182] Livy, v. 22.
[183] Ovid, Fast. vi. 727.
[184] Martial, x. Ep. 56.
[185] Propert. iv. El. 9.
[186] Mart. vi. Ep. 64.
[187] There is a beautiful picture of Sta. Sabina by Vivarini of Murano,
in St. Zacharia at Venice.
[188] Hemans' Monuments in Rome.
[189] Commemorated in the beautiful Memoir of "A Dominican Artist"
(Rivingtons, 1872).
[190] Some antiquaries attribute them to the wall of the Aventine, built
by Ancus Martius. The arch, of course, is an addition.
[191] Hemans' Story of Monuments in Rome, ii. 228.
[192] Livy, i. 10.
[193] Livy, xxvii. 25; xxix. 11.
[194] Hemans' Mediæval Sacred Art.
[195] This bust has been supposed to represent the poet Ennius, the
friend of Scipio Africanus, because his last request was that he might
be buried by his side. Even in the time of Cicero, Ennius was believed
to be buried in the tomb of the Scipios. "Carus fuit Africano superiori
noster Ennius: itaque etiam in sepulchro Scipionum putatur is esse
constitutus ex marmore."--_Cic. Orat. pro Arch. Poeta._
[196] Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome.
[197] Coppi, Memorie Colonnesi, p. 342.
[198] See Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome, p. 85.
[199] _Ibid._ p. 97.
[200] _Ibid._ p. 122.
[201] This story is told by St. Ambrose.
[202] This story is represented in one of the ancient tapestries in the
cathedral of Anagni.
[203] Amm. Marcell. lib. xxvii. c.
[204] Roma Sotterranea, p. 130.
[205] Roma Sotterranea, p. 177.
[206] Roma Sotterranea, p. 97.
[207] St. Melchiades, buried in another part of the catacomb, who lived
long in peace after the persecution had ceased.
[208] Hippolytus, Adrias, Marca, Neo, Paulina, and others.
[209] St. Damasus was buried in the chapel above the entrance.
[210] "A more striking commentary on the divine promise, 'The Lord
keepeth all the bones of his servants: He will not lose one of them'
(Ps. xxxiii. 24), it would be difficult to conceive."--_Roma
Sotterranea._
[211] Roma Sotterranea, p. 180.
[212] Alban Butler, viii. 204.
[213] Roma Sotterranea, p. 182.
[214] Roma Sotterranea, p. 242.
[215] Roma Sotterranea, p. 247.
[216] Lord Lindsay's Christian Art, i. 46.
[217] Alban Butler, viii. 148.
[218] Lib. Pont.
[219] Now Santa Maria, an island near Gaieta.
[220] Alban Butler, v. 205.
[221] Alban Butler, v. 205.
[222] For these and many other particulars, see an interesting lecture
by Mr. Shakespere Wood, on "The Fountain of Egeria," given before the
Roman Archæological Society.
[223] Ampère, Hist. Rom. iv. 402.
[224] Merivale, Romans under the Empire, ch. xi.
[225] Ampère, Hist. Rom. i. 141
[226] Dionysius, ii. 63.
[227] Ovid, Met. xiv. 452, 453.
[228] Dyer's Rome, p. 95.
[229] Pliny, Hist. Nat. xv. 35, 2.
[230] Dion Cass. liv.
[231] "De Cæsare vicino scripseram ad te, quia cognoram ex tuis literis,
eum σὑνναον, Quirino malo, quam Saluti." Ad Att. xii. 45.
[232] Vespasian had a brother named Sabinus; his son's name recalls that
of Titus Tatius.
[233] "Deus, qui inter cætera sapientiæ tuæ miracula etiam in tenera
ætate maturæ sanctitatis gratiam contulisti; da, quæsumus, ut beati
Stanislai exemplo, tempus, instanter operando, redimentes, in æternam
ingredi requiem festinemus."--_Collect of St. S. Kostka, Roman
Vesper-Book._
[234] Cardinal Wiseman's Life of Pius VII.
[235] By this same master is the interesting fresco of Sixtus IV. and
his nephews--now in the Vatican gallery.
[236] The body of this saint is said to repose at S. Lorenzo fuori Mura;
his head is at the Quirinal; at S. Lorenzo in Lucina his gridiron and
chains are shown.
[237] Jameson's Sacred and Legendary Art.
[238] Roma Christiana.
[239] Dyer, p. 94.
[240] "At Rome, Selvaggi made a Latin distich in honour of Milton, and
Salsilli a Latin tetrastich, celebrating him for his Greek, Latin, and
Italian poetry; and he in return presented to Salsilli in his sickness
those fine Scazons or Iambic verses having a spondee in the last foot,
which are inserted among his juvenile poems. From Rome he went to
Naples."--_Newton._
[241] A holy hermit of Scete, who died 391.
[242] See Roma Sotterranea, p. 174.
[243] Une Chrétienne à Rome.
[244] The reasons for this belief are given in "The Roman Catacombs of
Northcote," p. 78.
[245] The bodies were removed to Sta. Sabina in the fifth century by
Celestine I.
[246] Cramer's Ancient Italy, i. 389.
[247] Cic. Phil. ix. 7. See Dyer's Rome, p. 215.
[248] Sat i. 8, 15.
[249] See Hemans' Catholic Italy, Part I.
[250] Ampère, Hist. Rom. i. 38.
[251] Varro, de Ling. Lat. iv. 8.
[252] Fest. _v._ Septimone.
[253] Ampère, Hist. Rom. i. 65.
[254] Fest. p. 297.
[255] Cicero pro doma sua, 38; Dionysius, viii. 79; Livy, ii. 41.
[256] See Dyer's City of Rome, p. 65. The Acts of the Martyrs mention
that several Christians suffered "In tellure."
[257] See Ampère, Hist. Rom. iv. 421.
[258] See Ampère, Hist. Rom. iv. 431.
[259] Liv. i. 26; Dionysius, iii. 22.
[260] Merivale, Romans under the Empire, ch. liii.
[261] "Des huit figures ébauchées il y en a deux aujourd'hui au musée du
Louvre (les deux esclaves). Lorsque Michel-Ange eut renoncé à son plan
primitif il en fit don à Roberto Strozzi. Des mains de Strozzi elles
passèrent dans celles de François 1er, et puis dans celles du
connétable de Montmorency, qui les plaça à son château d'Ecouen, d'où
elles sont venues au Louvre. Quatre autres _prisonniers_ sont placés
dans la grotte de Buontalenti au jardin du Palais Pitti, à Florence. Un
groupe, représentant une figure virile en terrassant une seconde, se
voit aujourd'hui dans la grande salle del _Cinquecento_, au Palais vieux
de Florence, où elle fut placé par Côsme 1er."--_F. Sabatier._
[262] The wife of Oswy, king of Northumberland received a golden key
containing filings of the chains from Pope Vitalianus, in the sixth
century.
[263] Acts xii. II.
[264] Hist. Rom. i. 464.
[265] "Ciampini gives an engraving of this figure without the key: a
detail, therefore, to be ascribed to restorers:--surely neither
justifiable nor judicious."--_Hemans._
[266] With a square nimbus, denoting execution in his lifetime, as at
Sta. Cecilia and Sta. Maria in Navicella.
[267] See Hemans' Catholic Italy.
[268] Croiret, Vie des Saints.
[269] I. 26.
[270] Ampère, Hist. Rom. iii. 177.
[271] It was found in the gardens of the convent of Sta. Maria sopra
Minerva
[272] This pagan benediction of the animals is represented in a
bas-relief in the Vatican (Museo Pio-Clementino, 157). A peasant bearing
two ducks as his offering, brings his cow to be blessed by a priest at
the door of a chapel, and the priest delaying to come forth, a calf
drinks up the holy water. Ovid describes how he took part in the feast
of Pales, and sprinkled the cattle with a laurel bough. (_Fasti_, iv.
728.)
[273] His flat tombstone is in the centre of the nave.
[274] This story is the subject of two of Murillo's most beautiful
pictures in the Academy at Madrid. The first represents the vision of
the Virgin to John and his wife,--in the second they tell what they have
seen to Pope Liberius.
[275] This mosaic will bring to mind the beautiful lines of Dante:--
"L'amor che mosse già l'eterno padre
Per figlia aver di sua Deita trina
Costei che fu del figlio suo poi madre
Dell' universo qui fa la regina."
[276] See Sta. Dorothea, ch. xvii.
[277] St. Venantius was a child martyred at Camerino, under Decius, in
250. Pope Clement X., who had been bishop of Camerino, had a peculiar
veneration for this saint.
[278] This figure of the Virgin is of great interest, as introducing the
Greek classical type under which she is so often afterwards represented
in Latin art.
[279] It was near the Lateran, on the site of the gardens of Plautius
Lateranus, that the famous statues of the Niobedes, attributed to
Scopus, now at Florence, were found. The fine tomb of the Plautii is a
striking object on the road to Tivoli.
[280] See Sta. Pudenziana, ch. x.
[281] These columns are mentioned in the thirteenth century list of
Lateran relics, which says that _all_ the relics of the Temple at
Jerusalem brought by Titus, were preserved at the Lateran.
[282] There is a curious mosaic portrait of Clement XII. in the Palazzo
Corsini.
[283] Sergius III. ob. 911; Agapetus II. ob. 956; John XII. ob. 964;
Sylvester II. ob. 1003; John XVIII. ob. 1009; Alexander II. ob. 1073;
Pascal II. ob. 1118; Calixtus II. ob. 1124; Honorius II. ob. 1140;
Celestine II. ob. 1143; Lucius II. ob. 1145; Anastasius IV. ob. 1154;
Alexander III. ob. 1159; Clement III. ob. 1191; Celestine III. ob. 1198;
Innocent V. ob. 1276--were buried at St. John Lateran, besides those
later popes whose tombs still exist.
[284] "Ces monuments, consacrés par la tradition, n'ont pas été jugés
cependant assez authentiques pour être solennellement exposés a la
vénération des fidèles."--_Gournerie._
[285] Sta. Helena is claimed as an English saint, and all the best
authorities allow that she was born in England,--according to Gibbon, at
York--according to others, at Colchester, which town bears as its arms a
cross between three crowns, in allusion to this claim. Some say that she
was an innkeeper's daughter, others that her father was a powerful
British prince, Coilus or Coel.
[286] Emp. ii. 43.
[287] The existence of this inscription makes the destruction of this
catacomb under Pius IX. the more extraordinary.
[288] Dyer's Rome, 70.
[289] Ampère, Hist. ii. 10.
[290] Ampère, Emp. i. 184.
[291] Pliny, H. N. xxxv. 37, 2; and 49, 4.
[292] Dyer, 111.
[293] Dyer, 211.
[294] It was close to this temple of Hercules that the bodies of Sta.
Symphorosa and her seven sons, martyred under Hadrian ("the seven
Biothanati"), were buried by order of the emperor. Sta. Symphorosa
herself had been hung up here by her hair, before being drowned in the
Tiber.
[295] Dyer, 113, 115.
[296] Ampère, Hist. Rom. iii. 198.
[297] Dyer, 115.
[298] Dyer, 115, 116.
[299] Pliny, H. N. xxxvi. 15, 24.
[300] So called from a fountain adorned with the figure of a sow, which
once existed here.
[301] "Here rests Hadrian, who found his greatest misfortune in being
obliged to command."
[302] There is a chapel dedicated to St. Bridget in S. Paolo fuori Mura.
Sion House, in England, was a famous convent of the Brigittines.
[303] See Penny Cyclopædia, and Lewes's Hist. of Philosophy.
[304] Shakespeare, Julius Cæsar, act iii. sc. 2.
[305] So called from a slight hollow, scarcely now perceptible, left by
a reservoir made by Agrippa for the public benefit, and used by Nero in
his fêtes.
[306] The story of St. Agnes is told by St. Jerome.
[307] Donna Olympia soon after died of the plague at her villa near
Viterbo.
[308] "Les maisons de la Place Navone sont assises sur la base des
anciens gradins du cirque de Domitien. Sous ces gradins étaient les
voûtes habitées par des femmes perdues."--_Ampère, Emp._ ii. 137.
[309] A corruption of "Epiphania"--Epiphany.
[310]
"Living, great nature feared he might outvie
Her works; and, dying, fears herself to die."
_Pope's Translation (without acknowledgment) in
his Epitaph on Sir Godfrey Kneller._
[311] Raphael lay in state beneath his last great work, the
Transfiguration.
[312] See Gregorovius, Grabmāler der Pāpste.
[313] Author of the "Rationale Divinorum Officiorum"--"A treasure of
information on all points connected with the decorations and services of
the mediæval church. Durandus was born in Provence about 1220, and died
in 1290 at Rome."--_Lord Lindsay._
[314] It is no honour to me to be like another Apelles, but rather, O
Christ, that I gave all my gains to thy poor. One was a work for earth,
the other for heaven--a city, the flower of Etruria, bare me, John.
[315] That part of the ancient Campus Martius which contains the Theatre
of Marcellus and Portico of Octavia, is described in Chapter V.; that
which belongs to the Via Flaminia in Chapter II.
[316] Vasari, v.
[317] A scholar of Bronzino.
[318] See Vasari, vol. vii.
[319] It is interesting to observe that the same vision was seen under
the same circumstances in other periods of history.
"So the Lord sent pestilence upon Israel, and there fell of Israel
seventy thousand men. And God sent an angel to Jerusalem to destroy it
... and David lifted up his eyes, and saw the angel of the Lord stand
between the earth and the heaven, having a drawn sword in his hand
stretched out over Jerusalem."--1 Chron. xxi. 14--16.
"Before the plague of London had begun (otherwise than in St. Giles's),
seeing a crowd of people in the street, I joined them to satisfy my
curiosity, and found them all staring up into the air, to see what a
woman told them appeared plain to her. This was an angel clothed in
white, with a fiery sword in his hand, waving it, or brandishing it over
his head: she described every part of the figure to the life, and showed
them the motion and the form."--_Defoe, Hist. of the Plague._
[320] The pictures at Ara Cœli and Sta. Maria Maggiore both claim to
be that carried by St. Gregory in this procession. The song of the
angels is annually commemorated on St. Mark's Day, when the clergy pass
by in procession to St. Peter's; and the Franciscans of Ara Cœli and
the canons of Sta. Maria Maggiore, halting here, chaunt the antiphon,
_Regina cœli, lætare_.
[321] Hemans' Story of Monuments in Rome.
[322] "Deus, qui apostolo tuo Petro collatis clavibus regni celestis
ligandi et solvendi pontificium tradidisti; concede ut intercessionis
ejus auxilio, a peccatorum nostrorum legibus liberemur: et hanc
civitatem, quam te adjuvante fundavimus, fac ab ira tua in perpetuum
permanere securam, et de hostibus, quorum causa constructa est, novos et
multiplicatos habere triumphos, per Dominum nostrum," &c.
[323] The same whom Alexander VI. had intended to poison, when he
poisoned himself instead.
[324] At the time of its erection Sixtus V. conceded an indulgence of
ten years to all who, passing beneath the obelisk, should adore the
cross on its summit, repeating a pater-noster.
[325] The inscription is from Isaiah iv. 6, "A tabernacle for a shadow
in the daytime from the heat, and for a place of refuge, and for a
covert from storm and from rain."
[326] It may not be uninteresting to give the actual words of the
benediction:--
"May the holy apostles Peter and Paul, in whose power and dominion we
trust, pray for us to the Lord! Amen.
"Through the prayers and merits of the blessed, eternal Virgin Mary, of
the blessed archangel Michael, the blessed John the Baptist, the holy
apostles Peter and Paul, and all saints--may the Almighty God have mercy
upon you, may your sins be forgiven you, and may Jesus Christ lead you
to eternal life. Amen.
"Indulgence, absolution, and forgiveness of all sins--time for true
repentance, a continual penitent heart and amendment of life,--may the
Almighty and merciful God grant you these! Amen.
"And may the blessing of Almighty God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit,
descend upon you, and remain with you for ever. Amen."
[327] "Exuens se chlamyde, et accipiens bidentem, ipse primus terram
aperuit ad fundamenta basilicæ Sancti Petri continendam; deinde in
numero duodecim apostolorum duodecim cophinos plenos in humeris
superimpositos bajulano, de eo loco ubi fundamenta Basilicæ Apostoli
erant jacenda."--_Cod. Vat. 7. Sancta Cæcil._ 2.
[328] The façade of the old basilica is seen in Raphael's fresco of the
Incendio del Borgo, and its interior in that of the Coronation of
Charlemagne.
[329] See Fergusson's Handbook of Architecture, vol. ii.
[330] As in the portico of the temple of Mars were preserved the verses
of the poet Attius upon Junius Brutus.
[331] These letters are in real mosaic. Those in the nave and transepts
are in paper--to complete them in mosaic would have been too expensive.
[332] Innocent sent two bishops to receive it at Ancona, two cardinals
to receive it at Narni, and went himself, with all his court, to meet it
at the Porto del Popolo.
[333] Eaton's Rome.
[334] Gregorovius, Grabmäler der Päpste.
[335] There is a fine portrait of Urban VIII. by Pietro da Cortona, in
the Capitol gallery.
[336] See Vasari, vi. 265.
[337] This mosaic occupied ten men constantly for nine years, and cost
60,000 francs.
[338] Gregorovius.
[339] He had been bishop of St. Alban's, and a missionary for the
conversion of Norway.
[340] The principal authorities for the fact of St. Peter's being at
Rome--so often denied by ultra-protestants--are: St. Jerome, Catalogus
scriptorum ecclesiasticorum, in Petro; Tertullian, de Prescriptionibus,
c. xxxvi.; and Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica, lib. ii. cap. xxiv.
[341] See Hemans' Catholic Italy, vol. i.
[342] See Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome, p. 358.
[343] Pliny, xxxv. 15.
[344] Tac. Ann. xv. 44.
[345] In the Campo-Santo of Pisa.
[346] Fifteen Psalms are sung before the Miserere begins, and one light
is extinguished for each--the Psalms being represented by fifteen
candles.
[347] See the account of the "Tombs of the Scipios" in Chapter IX.
[348] Who is buried by the altar of S. Pietro in Vincoli.
[349] Gournerie, Rome Chrétienne, ii. 62.
[350] For a detailed account of this collection, see Dennis' "Cities and
Cemeteries of Etruria," whence many of the quotations above are taken;
also Mrs. Hamilton Gray's "Sepulchres of Etruria."
[351] Vasari calls it Palazzo nel Bosco del Belvedere.
[352] "This is perhaps the grandest of the whole series. Here the
Almighty is seen rending like a thunderbolt the thick shroud of fiery
clouds, letting in that light under which his works were to spring into
life."--_Lady Eastlake._
[353] The candle is ingeniously made crooked in the socket, not to
interfere with the lines of the architecture, while the flame is
straight.
[354] "According to the 'Spiritual Meadow' of John Moschus, who died
A.D. 620, the lion is said to have pined away after Jerome's death, and
to have died at last on his grave."
[355] See Stefano Infessura, Rev. Ital. Script, tom. iii.
[356] Corio, 1st mil. p. 876.
[357] _Ampère_, i. 436.
[358] See Hemans' Monuments in Rome.
[359] Piranesi's engraving shows that a hundred years ago there existed,
in addition, a colossal bust, and a hand holding the serpent-twined rod
of Æsculapius.
[360] Wordsworth.
[361] Hemans' Monuments in Rome.
[362] See the Acts of the Martyrs St. Hippolytus and St. Adrian, and the
Acts of St. Calepodius, quoted by Canina, R. Aut. p. 584.
[363] Plautus, Capt. i. I, 22.
[364] See the Epistle of St Denis, the Areopagite, to Timothy.
[365] The accounts of the apostle's death vary greatly: "St. Prudentius
says that both St. Peter and St. Paul suffered together in the same
field, near a swampy ground, on the banks of the Tiber. Some say St.
Peter suffered on the same day of the month, but a year before St. Paul.
But Eusebius, St. Epiphanius, and most others, affirm that they suffered
the same year, and on the 29th of June."--_Alban Butler._
[366] It is under the shadow of S. Paolo that Cervantes ("Wanderings of
Persiles and Sigismunda") places the scene of the death of Periander.
[367] Mrs. Jameson.
[368] Among the most interesting of the objects lost in the fire were
the bronze gates ordered by Hildebrand (afterwards Gregory VII.) when
legate at Constantinople, for Pantaleone Castelli, in 1070, and adorned
with fifty-four scriptural compositions, wrought in silver thread.
[369] This picture is now called the Nuptials of Vertumnus and Pomona.
[370] Turrigeræ Antemnæ.--_Virg. Æn._ vii. 631.
[371]
---- Antemnaque prisco
Crustumio prior.
[372] The other two were Cæcina and Crustumium.
[373] See Dyer's Hist. of the City of Rome.
[374] Masses of reddish rock of volcanic tufa are still to be seen here,
breaking through the soil of the Campagna.
[375] Built by Mario Mellini in the fifteenth century.
[376] Martial, Ep. x. 45, 5.
[377] Martial, Ep. vi. 92, 3.
[378] Fast. i. 246.
[379] Ampère, Hist. Rom. i. 227.
[380] Niebuhr, i. 240.
[381] Arnold, Hist. vol. i.
[382] Ampère, Hist. Rom. i. 389.
[383] Niebuhr, i. 353.
[384] Hemans.
[385] See Thiers' History of the French Revolution.
[386] It has been supposed that the beautiful silver vase which is shown
in the Corsini Palace, and which was picked up in the Tiber, belonged to
this plate.