near the margin in _Porcellio rathkei_ (especially in the males), with
other more irregularly arranged light patches between. Unlike the three
species previously considered, the present one has a smooth body. The
distal joint of the flagellum is the longer, and the flagellum itself
is equal in length to the last joint of the peduncle.
Some specimens found by Mr. Webb in 1899 at Eton were submitted to Mr.
Stebbing, and since then the former has found _Porcellio rathkei_ to
be pretty generally distributed in West Middlesex, where the species
appears to frequent the open fields.
Air-tubes occur in abdominal appendages 1 to 5 and the white appearance
of all of these at once serves to distinguish the living animal from
_Porcellio scaber_ in which the first two pairs of abdominal appendages
alone are white.
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Eton; (Stebbing, 71a): Lane End; (Stebbing, from the
Misses Johnston, 71a): Acton; Ealing; Hanwell; Southall; Northolt;
Greenford; West Drayton; Mortlake; (W.M.W.); Sunderland; (Brady,
50a).
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: France; (25): Bosnia; Servia; (22): Hertzogovania
(B.M.); Norway; Northern, Western, and Middle Europe, everywhere;
(59): Corfu (B.M.)
_Asia_: Transcaucasia; (59).
_North America_: (59).
[Illustration: FIG. 50.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Porcellio rathkei_.]
=Porcellio laevis= Latreille. PLATE XVII.
1804 _Porcellio laevis_ Latreille (37), p. 46.
1827 _Porcellio degeerii_ Savigny and Audouin (61), p. 289.
1833 _Porcellio cucercus_ Brandt (3), p. 177.
1833 _Porcellio syriacus_ Brandt (3), p. 178.
1833 _Porcellio musculus_ Brandt (3), p. 180.
1833 _Porcellio cinerascens_ Brandt (3), p. 178.
1833 _Porcellio dubius_ Brandt (3), p. 178.
1837 _Porcellio poeyi_ Guérin (30), p. 6.
1844 _Porcellio urbicus_ Koch (34), part 36, pl. IV.
1847 _Porcellio flavipes_ Koch (35), p. 206, pl. VIII., fig. 97.
1853 _Cylisticus laevis_ Schnitzler (65), p. 25.
1857 _Porcellio cubensis_ Saussure (60), p. 307.
1857 _Porcellio sumichtasli_ Saussure (60), p. 307.
1857 _Porcellio cotillæ_ Saussure (60), p. 307.
1857 _Porcellio aztecus_ Saussure (60), p. 307.
1857 _Porcellio mexicanus_ Saussure (60), p. 307.
Another smooth species is _Porcellio laevis_. The colour of its body
is light grey with irregular white markings. The large size of this
species and the very long tail-appendages of the males are features
which will help to identify it. The distal joint of the flagellum is
slightly the longer and as in the last species (_P. rathkei_) the
flagellum is equal in length to the last joint of the peduncle. The
chief habitats for this species are among vegetable rubbish near human
dwellings.
Only the first two abdominal appendages contain air-tubes.
[Illustration: FIG. 51.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Porcellio laevis_.]
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Maldon; (W.M.W. from R.M.): Ipswich (1892); Hanwell;
Wimbledon; (W.M.W.): Kent; (Kinahan, 32).
_Ireland_: Dublin; (Bate and Westwood, 1): Blackrock Dundrum; Co.
Dublin; Galway; (R.F.S.)
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: France; (25): Spain; (15): Sicily; (19): Hertzogovania;
(22): Sweden; Denmark; Germany; Belgium; Austria; Italy; Dalmatia;
Greece; Turkey; (59); Corfu; (B.M.): Inca, Majorca (23);
(B.M.--Pocock and Thomas.)
_Asia_: Syria; Turkestan; (21).
_Africa_: Morocco; Algeria; Tunis; Tripoli; Senegal; Egypt; (23).
_Atlantic Isles_: Bermudas; Azores; Canaries; Cape Vera; Madeira;
(24).
_America_: North America; Mexico; Peru; Brazil; Chili; West
Indies; Pacific Islands; (59); Sandwich Isles; (B.M.)
=Porcellio ratzeburgii= Brandt. PLATE XVIII.
1833 _Porcellio ratzeburgii_ Brandt, (3), p. 178.
1839 _Porcellio nemorensis_ Koch (34), part 28, pl. XIX.
1839 _Porcellio lugubris_ Koch (34), part 28, pl. XX.
1853 _Porcellio quercum_ Schnitzler (65), p. 24.
1898 _Porcellio ratzeburgii_ Sars (59), p. 182, pl. LXXX, fig. 1.
There are granulations on the middle of the segments in _Porcellio
ratzeburgii_ and the sides of its body are more nearly parallel than
in the other species of _Porcellio_; the frontal lobe is, practically
speaking, semicircular and the lateral plates of the thorax flank the
head to a considerable extent. As in _Porcellio pictus_, the dark band
is in the middle of the back. The distal joint of the flagellum is
nearly twice as long as the proximal, and the flagellum is shorter than
the last joint of the peduncle. This species was added to the British
list by Mr. Webb (74) in 1898.
_Porcellio ratzeburgii_ agrees with _Porcellio rathkei_ in having
air-tubes in the first five abdominal appendages.
[Illustration: FIG. 52.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Porcellio ratzeburgii_.]
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Warley; Brightlingsea; young examples (W.M.W.): Maldon;
young examples (W.M.W. from R.M.)
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: Trafoi St. Martini, and Capitello, in the Tyrol;
(Norman, 50); East Alps, very common; Val-de-Joux; Massif de la
Chartreuse Vaulnaveys (25): Bosnia; (22): Norway; Central Europe;
Upper Pfaltz; Bohemia; Saxony; Rhaetia; (59).
_Genus_--=METOPONORTHUS= Budde-Lund, 1879 (7), p. 4. _Porcellionides_
Miers, 1876 (44), p. 98.
_Flagellum, with two joints; abdomen, narrow; frontal lobe not
developed._
The hinder legs of _Metoponorthus_ are proportionately longer than in
any other Oniscidæ save _Philoscia_. Both genera have a narrow abdomen,
but _Philoscia_ has an extra joint to the flagellum, and shows no sign
of lateral lobes to the head.
=Metoponorthus pruinosus= Brandt. PLATE XIX.
1833 _Porcellio pruinosus_ Brandt (3), p. 181.
1840 _Porcellio truncatus_ Milne-Edwards (46), p. 173.
1840 _Porcellio maculicornis_ Koch (34), part 34, pl. XVI.
1853 _Porcellio frontalis_ Lereboullet (39), p. 63, pl. I, fig. 17.
1868 _Porcellio pruinosus_ Bate and Westwood (1), p. 487.
1877 _Porcellio (Porcellioides) flavo-vittatus_ Miers (45), p. 669,
pl., LXVIII., fig. 4.
1898 _Metoponorthus pruinosus_ Sars (59), p. 184, pl. LXXX., fig. 2.
Undamaged specimens of _Metoponorthus pruinosus_ are of a beautiful
bluish-grey colour, owing to a "bloom" which is easily brushed off,
revealing a dark reddish-brown tint beneath it. The antennæ are long
and have white markings upon them.
Air-tubes occur in the first two abdominal appendages.
[Illustration: FIG. 53.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Metoponorthus pruinosus_.]
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Maldon; (W.M.W. from R.M.): Hanwell; Eton Wick; Kew;
Ipswich; Stoke-on-Trent; (W.M.W.): Chiselhurst; Oxford; (Bate and
Westwood): Berkhamsted; Burnmoor; Durham; (Norman, 49): Exeter;
(Parfitt, 53); Torquay; (B.M.--T.R.R.S.)
_Scotland_: Banff; (Thomas Edwards in Norman, 49)
_Ireland_: Dublin; (Kinahan, 32): Foyle District; Donegal; Galway;
Clonbrock, Co. Galway; Mornington, Co. Meath; Santry; Gleeson
Park; Dundrum, Co. Dublin; Bray; (R.F.S.)
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: Practically all the Countries of Europe are given in
Dollfus' list; (23).
_Asia_: Japan; China; Syria; Ceylon; Sumatra; Celebes;
Phillipines; Caucasus; Himalayas; (23): Christmas Island; (B.M.)
_Africa_: Generally distributed; Madagascar; Seychelles; (23).
_Atlantic Isles_; (23).
_America_: North and South, almost everywhere, to judge from M.
Dollfus' list; (23).
_Australia_: New Caledonia; (23).
=Metoponorthus cingendus= Kinahan. PLATE XX.
1857 _Porcellio cingendus_ Kinahan (32), p. 279, pl. XIX.,
figs. 1468-9.
1868 _Porcellio cingendus_ Bate and Westwood (1), p. 489.
1885 _Metoponorthus simplex_ Budde-Lund (8), p. 188.
The colour of _Metoponorthus cingendus_ is steel blue with red or
yellowish spots. It has a raised line across each thoracic segment and
its abdomen is narrower than in _Metoponorthus pruinosus_.
[Illustration: FIG. 54.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Metoponorthus cingendus_.]
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Salcombe, Devon; (Norman, 49): South Devon; (Stebbing
in 49).
_Ireland_: Dublin; (B.M. from Kinahan); Mountain Districts of
Dublin, Wicklow, and Cork; Coast of Kerry; Arran Islands; Achill,
Co. Mayo; Roundstone, Co. Galway; Mallow, Caef Island; Glandore;
Brock Haven, Co. Cork; Killoughrim Forest, Co. Wexford; Kenmare,
Co. Kerry; (R.F.S.).
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: France; (25): Spain; (12).
(2.) Able to roll up into a ball.
_Genus_--=CYLISTICUS= Schnitzler, 1853 (65), p. 24.
_Flagellum, with two joints; abdomen broad; frontal lobe, very small._
The characters given immediately above are almost those of _Porcellio_
with which _Cylisticus_ might, perhaps, be confounded. The latter
has the power, however, of rolling itself into a ball, and the first
segment of the thorax is comparatively larger than in any species of
_Porcellio_, indeed the side plates of the segment in question entirely
flank the head. These features, as well as the straight sides of the
body and the arched back, connect _Cylisticus_ with _Armadillidium_,
from which the former is, however, at once separated by its long
pointed tail appendages.
=Cylisticus convexus= De Geer. PLATE XXI.
1778 _Oniscus convexus_ De Geer (10), p. 553, pl. XXXV., fig. 11.
1833 _Porcellio spinifrons_ Brandt (3), p. 177.
1836 _Porcellio laevis_ Koch (34), part 6, pl. I.
1853 _Porcellio armadilloides_ Lereboullet (39), p. 65. pl. I.,
fig. 18.
1853 _Cylisticus laevis_ Schnitzler (65), p. 25.
1868 _Porcellio armadilloides_ Bate and Westwood (1), p. 485.
1898 _Cylisticus convexus_ Sars (59), p. 186, pl. LXXXI.
There is but a single species of _Cylisticus_ found in this country,
so that it is not necessary for us to go into much further detail with
regard to it. _Cylisticus convexus_ has the two joints of the flagellum
about equal, and they together in turn closely approximate in length to
the last joint of the peduncle. Mr. Stebbing says, in a letter, that
British examples do not appear to have the "white tail-piece" seen in
Continental ones. It is not noticeable in the preserved specimens which
we have seen from Berkhamsted and Leixlip, but it is very evident in
the living ones found at Hanwell and Maidstone.
The abdominal appendages 1 to 5 are provided with air-tubes.
[Illustration: FIG. 55.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Cylisticus convexus_.]
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Maldon; (W.M.W. from R.M.): Hanwell; Bluebell Hill,
Maidstone; Eton; (W.M.W.): Berkhamsted; Portland; (Norman, 49).
_Scotland_: Salisbury Crags; Edinburgh; Lanarkshire; Rothesay;
(Scott, 68): Killwinning; (John Smith _fide_ Robertson, 57):
Highgate; (Bate and Westwood, 1).
_Ireland_: Leixlip, Co. Dublin; Tempo, Co. Fermanagh; Goresbridge,
Co. Kilkenny; (R.F.S.)
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: France; (25): Sweden; Norway; Denmark; Germany; Bohemia;
Holland; Belgium; Turkey; Caucasus; (59).
_North America_; (59).
_Family_--ARMADILLIDIIDÆ.
=Tail appendages not projecting when the animal is walking.=
_Genus_--=ARMADILLIDIUM= Brandt, 1833 (3), p. 184.
_Flagellum, with two joints; outer division of the tail appendages
expanded and broader at the hinder end._
The members of the genus _Armadillidium_ are more likely to be
confounded, by the uninitiated, with the "Pill-millipedes" than with
other Woodlice. Excepting _Cylisticus_ (which has long pointed tail
appendages) no other British forms have the power of rolling themselves
up into a complete ball. The very arched body is characteristic of
_Armadillidium_, and so is the groove into which the basal joints of
the antennæ fit when the creatures curl up.
The first two abdominal appendages only are provided with air-tubes.
=Armadillidium nasatum= Budde-Lund. PLATE XXII.
1885 _Armadillidium nasatum_ Budde-Lund (8), p. 51.
1892 _Armadillidium nasatum_ Dollfus (14), p. 10, fig. 12.
1899 _Armadillidium nasatum_ Norman (misprinted _Porcellidium_) (49),
p. 57. pl. VI., figs. 5-8.
_Armadillidium nasatum_ has a narrow but very prominent frontal lobe,
which is almost square and curves somewhat upwards and backwards. The
joints of the flagellum are approximately equal, and are together of
the same length as the last peduncular joint.
The telson is as long as it is broad at the base, and tapers to a
roundish point, while its sides are slightly incurved.
[Illustration: FIG. 56.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Armadillidium nasatum_.]
The outer divisions of the tail appendages are considerably longer than
broad, and are more or less paddle-shaped.
It will be noticed that the slope from thorax to telson is more gentle
than in the common species, _Armadillidium vulgare_, and the first
thoracic segment is not so greatly developed. Consequently the species
which we are considering does not produce a perfect sphere, and the
antennæ are not hidden when it rolls up. It is interesting to compare
this species with _Cylisticus convexus_. The surface of the body is
smooth, and its colour is a delicate brownish grey with more or less
distinct rows of darker markings.
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Maldon; (W.M.W. from R.M.): Bluebell Hill, Maidstone
(W.M.W.); Clifton, banks of the Avon; (W.M.W. from J.T.C. 1900):
Leigh Woods, Clifton; Tunbridge Wells; South Devon; (Stebbing in
49); Cheddar Cliffs, Somerset; (Norman, 49).
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: France; (28): Spain; (12): Italy; (23).
=Armadillidium vulgare= Latreille. PLATE XXIII.
1804 _Armadillo vulgaris_ Latreille (37), p. 48.
1804 _Armadillo variegatus_ Latreille (37).
1853 _Armadillo ater_ Schnitzler (65), p. 48.
1816 _Armadillo maculatus_ Risso (56), p. 158.
1818 _Armadillo pillularis_ Say (62), p. 432.
1825 _Armadillo pustulosus_ Dermarest (11), p. 323, pl. XLIX.
1830-4 _Armadillidium commutatum_ Brandt and Ratzeburg (4), p. 81,
pl. XIII., fig. 123.
1833 _Armadillidium zenckeri_ Brandt (3), p. 185.
1839 _Armadillo trivialis_ Koch (34), part 28, pl. XIV.
1898 _Armadillidium vulgare_ Sars (59), p. 189, pl. LXXXII.
The common pill woodlouse is _Armadillidium vulgare_. Its frontal
lobe is not large, though it is broad, while its margin where it
joins the head is rounded and slightly recurved. The proximal joint
of the flagellum is somewhat the shorter and the two together, as in
_Armadillidium nasatum_, are of about the same length as the last joint
of the peduncle.
The telson has the form of a triangle with the angles truncated and is
about as long as it is broad at the base. The outer divisions of the
tail appendages are considerably broader than they are long.
The species can roll itself up into a very perfect sphere, and when
it assumes this form its antennæ are hidden beneath the much expanded
lateral plates of the first thoracic segment.
[Illustration: FIG. 57.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Armadillidium vulgare_.]
The body is smooth, shiny, and strongly arched. Its colour varies very
considerably, generally it is of a slaty-grey, but yellow markings are
often present to a greater or less extent. In a specimen before us
(from Bluebell Hill, Maidstone) the head is of a uniform dark grey,
the sides of the thorax are yellow, while the back is mottled with the
same colour. The abdomen, including the telson, is also yellow with the
exception only of the tail appendages, which are dark grey.
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Warley; (W.M.W): Maldon; (W.M.W. from R.M.):
Brightlingsea; Hanwell; Mortlake; Bluebell Hill, Maidstone;
Langley; Skirmett; Pamber Forest; Kingston-on-Soar; Ipswich;
(W.M.W.); Lynmouth; (W.M.W. from J.T.C.)
_Scotland_: (Scott, 68.)
_Ireland_: Ardrahan; (Norman, 50): Borris, Co. Carlow; Glandare,
Terneay, Co. Cork; Courtstown, Co. Wexford; Cappagh, Co.
Waterford; Castel, Co. Tipperary; (R.F.S.)
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: Throughout; (23).
_Asia_: Damascus; (23).
_Africa_: Algeria; (23).
_Atlantic Isles_: (23).
_America_: North and South; (23).
_Australia_: Melbourne (64 quoting Budde-Lund); New Zealand; (23).
=Armadillidium pulchellum= Zencker. PLATE XXIV.
1799 _Oniscus pulchellus_ Zencker (78) (quoted by Koch in Panzer),
part 62, pl. XXI.
1833 _Armadillidium pulchellum_ Brandt (3), p. 188.
1861 _Armadillo maculatus_ Sill (69), p. 5.
1870 _Armadillidium pictum_ Plateau (not Brandt) (55), p. 116.
1898 _Armadillidium pulchellum_ Sars (59), p. 191, pl. LXXXIII.,
fig. 4.
The smallest British species is _Armadillidium pulchellum_. The frontal
lobe projects so as to make the head somewhat triangular. The antennæ
are very short and the distal joint of the flagellum is three times the
length of the other, while the two together are not as long as the last
peduncular joint.
[Illustration: FIG. 58.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Armadillidium pulchellum_.]
The telson is truncated at the end so that it is by no means as long as
it is broad at the base, and the outer divisions of the tail appendages
are in similar proportion.
The colour of the body (which is smooth) is dark brown with four
important series of light patches running down the back and less marked
variegations between them.
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Matlock; (T.R.R.S.) Arnside; Westmorland (Brady, 50a).
_Ireland_: Ballymote, (Irish Nat., May, 1901), Sligo; (Scharff).
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: Vosges; Switzerland; Pyrenees; (23): Forest de Soignes;
Belgium; (14).
=Armadillidium depressum= Brandt. PLATE XXV.
1833 _Armadillidium depressum_ Brandt (3), p. 82. pl. XII.,
figs, 4, 5, 6, C, D.
1892 _Armadillidium depressum_ Dollfus (14), p. 17-18.
The frontal lobe in _Armadillidium depressum_ is very prominent and
much recurved. The antennæ are fairly long and while the two joints
of the flagellum are nearly equal they are together not so long as
the last peduncular joint.
[Illustration: FIG. 59.--FLAGELLUM AND LAST PEDUNCULAR JOINT OF THE
ANTENNA OF _Armadillidium depressum_.]
The telson is slightly longer than it is broad at the base, and its
sides are incurved. As in _Armadillidium vulgare_ and _Armadillidium
pulchellum_ the outer divisions of the tail appendages are broader
than they are long.
The body is flatter than in the other species and bears tubercles; its
colour is a slate-grey with yellowish markings. The first thoracic
segment is well developed and the head appears as if almost completely
imbedded in it.
_BRITISH LOCALITIES:--_
_England_: Clifton, banks of the Avon; (W.M.W. from J.T.C., 1900):
Shirehampton, near Bristol; (Stebbing in 49): Clifton; (Dollfus
from Miers 14).
_FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION:--_
_Europe_: France; Italy; (25): Asia Minor; (14, quoting Brandt).
=Distribution of Species.= There are not sufficient records at present
to enable us to draw any conclusions as to the general distribution of
Woodlice in the British Isles, but it is hoped that more attention will
be given to these creatures, and that before long there may be other
material available.
=Conclusion.= At the beginning it was mentioned that the present work
grew out of an investigation into the fauna of Essex, and in order
to show what may be expected when places are explored in which no
collecting has been done, we may briefly indicate the results which we
obtained in the county in question.
It was not long before a species new to Britain--to wit, _Porcellio
ratzeburgii_--was found (74). This discovery was mentioned by Mr.
Stebbing in the _Victoria County History of Essex_ (p. 71), and he
prophesied that most of the British species then would be met with in
the county. We may safely claim to have shown that his prediction was
true, for we have been able to record in the preceding pages no less
than sixteen other species, as will be seen from the following lists:--
_WOODLICE RECORDED FROM ESSEX._
1. _Ligia oceanica_
2. _Ligidium hypnorum_
3. _Trichoniscus pusillus_
4. _Trichoniscus roseus_
5. _Haplophthalmus danicus_
6. _Oniscus asellus_
7. _Philoscia muscorum_
8. _Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii_
9. _Porcellio scaber_
10. _Porcellio pictus_
11. _Porcellio dilatatus_
12. _Porcellio laevis_
13. _Porcellio ratzeburgii_
14. _Metoponorthus pruinosus_
15. _Cylisticus convexus_
16. _Armadillidium nasatum_
17. _Armadillidium vulgare_
Of these _Ligidium hypnorum_ calls for special mention, as it had not
been found in this country since Mr. Stebbing discovered it in Surrey
in 1873. Several of the Porcellios and _Cylisticus convexus_ have been
met with in but few places, and the same may be said of _Armadillidium
nasatum_.
Of the British species not as yet found in Essex _Trichoniscus vividus_
has at present only been recorded from Ireland; _Philoscia couchii_ and
_Armadillidium depressum_ have not been collected except in the extreme
south west of England, while _Metoponorthus cingendus_ has hitherto
only been noticed in Devonshire and Ireland. The other four species,
with the exception of _Porcellio rathkei_, which is well distributed
in west Middlesex (and might have been expected to occur in Essex),
are still rare. In fact, for _Trichoniscoides albidus_ but two British
localities are known; for _Haplophthalmus mengii_ three (two in England
and one in Ireland); while _Armadillidium pulchellum_ has only been
recorded from two or three places.
In other counties quite as satisfactory results were obtained as in
Essex--a systematic search in Buckinghamshire brought to light at Eton
three species which at the time had not been recorded from the British
Isles, while in Middlesex, no less than a dozen species were found at
Hanwell.
Since part of this contribution was printed our attention has been
drawn to some notes by the Rev. Canon Norman and Professor G. S. Brady
(50a). These bear out the remarks which have already been made, for
among the species found by Professor Brady in the north of England
were _Trichoniscoides albidus_, _Haplophthalmus mengii_, _Porcellio
rathkei_, and _Armadillidium pulchellum_. In one of Canon Norman's
previous papers (50--1903) he claims to have added the second species
to the British list, and in the notes in question a similar claim is
made with regard to the first and third. It should, however, be pointed
out that all three of them were found in Buckinghamshire in 1899 by Mr.
Webb, and that they were exhibited at the Nature Study Exhibition held
in London in August, 1902. A specimen of _Armadillidium pulchellum_
from Matlock was sent to us by the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing in January,
1904, and was found, we understand, some considerable time previously.
It only remains for us to express our hearty thanks to the numerous
friends and correspondents who have given us their ready help. The
names of these have been printed in the text, but we would like to
mention more particularly Dr. Calman, of the British Museum (Natural
History), Monsieur Adrian Dollfus, Mr. Roland Matthams, the Rev. Canon
Norman, Dr. Scharff, the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, and Miss Willmott.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] "The Non-Marine Molluscs of Essex," by Wilfred Mark Webb; ESSEX
NATURALIST, Vol. x. (1897), pp. 27-48 and 65-81.
[2] The numbers in brackets refer to papers mentioned in the
Bibliography at the end.
[3] It should be pointed out that the methylated spirit now sold in the
shops contains mineral naphtha and goes milky on the addition of water.
Permission can be obtained from Somerset House to buy what is still
called "ordinary methylated spirit," but at present five gallons has to
be purchased at one time.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Explanation of the initials given in the text:--