I was very eager to return to England, and happily found a merchant
vessel at the mouth of the Meuse on the point of sailing. I did my best
to persuade A'Dale to accompany me. He confessed that the life he led
on board the rover fleet was not altogether to his taste. They had on
several occasions been very nearly starved, as they were when they
arrived before Brill. He had, however, collected a considerable amount
of booty, and, being a prudent man, he had not gambled it away, as some
of his companions had done. He could now also, without dishonour,
retire. We both of us visited Captain Treslong, and I explained that I
was in the service of Sir Thomas Gresham, whom he well knew, and that
probably A'Dale would be again employed if he returned to him. I truly
rejoiced when the captain gave him leave to retire and go with me and my
two attendants on board the vessel I spoke of.
We had a quick passage; and my dear Aveline received me as she ever had
done, with true affection. We were married immediately afterwards, for
I was determined to allow no considerations any longer to put off that
event.
Margery blushed somewhat when she saw A'Dale, and though she thought
that he ought to be punished for his continued absence, yet she speedily
relented, and their marriage took place on the same day as mine. I will
not describe it. We were honoured by the presence of Sir Thomas Gresham
and Lady Anne, and a large number of persons of consideration.
My bride and I took up our residence in Lombard Street, where we had
very pleasant apartments not far from A'Dale, who went into the service
of his old master.
My noble patron, after the experience of a long life, had arrived at the
simple conclusion that the cultivation of the understanding, and the
education of the heart, gave birth to the purest pleasures, as well as
the noblest aspirations, and that the best gifts which the State has in
its power to bestow on its youthful members are sound learning and
religious principles. He had long contemplated the establishment of a
college for the accomplishment of this object. Indeed, while building
Gresham House I feel very sure he had this in view. The building itself
has a collegiate air. Within there is a great reading hall, while the
distribution of its apartments are susceptible of every purpose of a
college. He now openly expressed his intention, though I am sorry to
say the University of Cambridge endeavoured to divert him from his
purpose, being jealous that London should have a college, the
authorities wishing that he should rather endow another hall in their
University. By his will, which he now drew up, he ordained that Lady
Anne Gresham should enjoy his mansion house, as well as the rent arising
from the Royal Exchange, during her life, in case she survived him; but
after her death both these properties were to be vested in the hands of
the Corporation of London and the Mercers' Company. These public bodies
were jointly to nominate seven professors, who should lecture
successively, one on every day of the week, on the seven sciences of
Divinity, Astronomy, Music, Geometry, Law, Medicine, and Rhetoric. The
salaries of the lecturers were defrayed by the profits arising from the
Royal Exchange, and were very liberal. The wisdom of my patron is shown
by the sciences he directed should be taught. He considered Divinity to
be the most important, and after that, holding as I know he did in great
contempt the foolish art of astrology, he desired that the noble and
soul-elevating science of astronomy should be chiefly cultivated. On
music, too, he set high value, while geometry he considered did not only
help forward astronomy, but is a fine exercise of the mental faculties.
The great Copernicus has written on astronomy, but his work is little
known in England; indeed, the science is but slightly cultivated or
respected.
Sir Thomas also, some time before this, constructed eight almshouses,
immediately behind his mansion, in the parish of Saint Peter the Poor,
and in his will he provided liberally for the inmates. This, however,
was only one of many charities which he established.
My wife and I frequently paid visits to our kind friends at their new
mansion of Osterley; and while we were there in May, 1576, they had the
honour of receiving a visit from the Queen's Majesty. I have not space
to describe the magnificent arrangements which were made for the
reception of her Majesty, or the numerous entertainments prepared to
render her stay agreeable. I may mention, however, that a play was
represented, written by my patron's old friend, Thomas Churchyard, as
also a pageant, "The Devises of War." Her Majesty was greatly pleased
with all she saw, but she found fault with the courtyard as too great,
affirming that it would appear more handsome if divided with a wall in
the middle. Scarcely had the words been spoken than Sir Thomas slipped
away and sent off for workmen to London, who, in the night time, so
speedily and silently laboured, that the next morning discovered the
court double which the night had left single. It is questionable
whether the Queen next day was more contented with the conformity to her
fancy, or more pleased with the surprise and sudden alteration when the
courtiers disported themselves with their expressions, avowing that it
was no wonder he who could build a _change_, could _change_ a building.
I have, I am afraid, given but a very imperfect idea of the character of
my kind and noble patron. I had met him in the afternoon at the
Exchange on the 21st of November, 1579, being Saturday. Parting from
him, I returned to Lombard Street. While sitting with my wife and
children about seven o'clock in the evening, a serving-lad came running
to say that Sir Thomas had suddenly fallen down in the kitchen soon
after he came home, and was then speechless. I hastened off. When I
arrived, I found my kind friend laid on a bed. A glance at his
countenance told me too truly what had happened. I felt his pulse: it
had ceased to beat. Thus, at the age of sixty, after having served the
State for nearly thirty years with unsullied honour and integrity, Sir
Thomas Gresham was taken to his rest. Surely the annals of the City of
London can boast of no more illustrious name. He greatly raised the
credit of the Crown in foreign parts by the skill with which he
contrived to manage the exchange with foreign countries. He laid the
foundation of England's commercial greatness. He elevated the character
of the English merchant, and dignified the pursuits of trade by showing
that they are far from being incompatible with the taste for learning;
while a large portion of the fortune he had acquired in the service of
the State he restored to it by numberless acts of public munificence and
private charity. The funeral was more splendid that that of any
nobleman I have ever seen. Could he have known what was going forward,
I think he would have been more pleased by seeing the tears shed by
several of the two hundred poor men and women, clothed in black gowns,
who, according to the directions given in his will, followed the body to
the grave.
England has had trying times since then. The Pope, not content with the
massacre of Saint Bartholomew in France, when tens of thousands of
Protestants were murdered by night, seemed resolved to take the life of
our Protestant Queen. A large body of Jesuits were introduced, under
various disguises, into England, hoping to re-convert its Protestant
inhabitants to the Romish faith. Their great object, however, was to
destroy the Queen. Of these plots, Sir John Leigh, as I have before
mentioned, gave me warning.
At length King Philip, finding that he could not succeed by treachery,
resolved to invade England with a mighty army in a vast fleet, which he
called his Invincible Armada. We were for a long time in expectation of
its coming, and all classes of her Majesty's subjects united for the
defence of her kingdom. Even the Roman Catholics, who had no desire to
have the Pope place his foot on their necks, as he had done on the
people of the Netherlands, willingly came forward for the protection of
the Queen. Philip boasted that in a few months he would bring back all
England to the Catholic faith, and several of his ships had large
quantities of books on board abusing the Queen, and full of the foulest
falsehoods. Besides this there was a large force of priests and friars,
and all sorts of instruments of torture--racks and thumb-screws, and
every device for inflicting agony on the bodies of people, in order to
induce them to conform to what the Spaniards called the true faith. The
mighty fleet of Spain sailed up the Channel, Philip's generals and
officers boasting of the great victory they were about to achieve.
Elizabeth and her people had done their best for the defence of the
country and their liberty; but the Queen trusted not alone to an arm of
flesh. She offered up a prayer to God for the protection of her realm,
and sent it to her General at Plymouth, that he might in the same terms
pray for victory:--
"Most Omnipotent and Guider of all our world's mass, that only searchest
and fathomest the bottom of all hearts' conceits, and in them seest the
true original of all actions intended, how no malice, revenge, nor
quittance of injury, nor desire of bloodshed, nor greediness of lucre,
hath bred the resolution of our now set-out army, but a heedful care and
wary watch that no neglect of foes nor over-surety of harm might breed
either danger to us or glory to them. Thou that didst inspire the mind,
we humbly beseech with bended knees prosper the work, and with the best
fore-winds guide the journey, speed the victory, and make the return the
advancement of Thy glory, the triumph of Thy fame, the surety of the
realm, with the least loss of English blood. To these devout petitions,
Lord, give Thou Thy blessed grant! Amen."
The very day on which that prayer was being offered up, it was said that
Don Bernadins de Mendoza, the Spanish Ambassador, rushed into the Church
of Notre Dame in Paris, flourishing his rapier, and exclaiming in a loud
voice, "Victoria!" by which it was supposed that the English were
vanquished.
Up Channel the mighty Armada steered in the shape of a half-moon, with
the wind from the south-west, on the 21st of July of that year. While
Lord Howard began the battle by attacking in his own ship, called the
_Ark Royal_, one of the large ships of the Armada, Drake, Hawkins, and
Frobisher soon joined him, for two days pursuing and attacking the enemy
with the greatest fury, joined by Sir Walter Raleigh and other brave
commanders. For one day, the 24th, there was a rest; but on the
following, Hawkins, in the _Victory_, attacked a great galleon, which
yielded herself up; but now came on another desperate battle, till at
length the Spaniards anchored before Calais. Here, after a week of
furious fighting, they expected to find rest, but that was not given to
them. Again the English attacked with fire-ships, by which many more of
the Spaniards were destroyed. Then they cut their cables and ran up
Channel, many, however, going ashore on the Flemish coast, Drake,
Fenner, Hawkins, and other captains pursuing them. Other fierce battles
were fought and numberless single combats, when the English never failed
to come away victorious. Some escaped round the north of Scotland,
pursued to the last by the English fleet; many foundered; others were
cast on shore by a mighty storm which arose. A small and shattered
remnant only of the mighty Armada returned to Spain, eighty-one ships of
the expedition having been lost, and upwards of 13,500 soldiers.
On the 24th of November the Queen went to Saint Paul's, to return thanks
for the victory graciously given. The streets were hung with blue
cloth, and the City Companies ranged themselves on either side in
appropriate order. The great captains who had fought so bravely,
surrounded the Queen. The trophies they had won were carried in
procession. A solemn thanksgiving was offered up, and the glory
ascribed to God only: while, in every other church in the land, public
thanks were given to God for the favour thus mercifully bestowed upon
England.
Although Philip had been thus signally defeated, he still persisted in
his belief that he should finally conquer England, and destroy the
Protestant institutions which had been established there. May God bring
to nought his attempts, and the efforts of all the enemies of the holy
and blessed Gospel! This is the earnest prayer of ERNST VERNER.