CHAPTER V.

WISCONSIN.

A territory, not yet a state; still, nearer the acorn than we were.

It was very pleasant coming up. These large and elegant boats are so

well arranged that every excursion may be a party of pleasure. There are

many fair shows to see on the lake and its shores, almost always new and

agreeable persons on board, pretty children playing about, ladies

singing, (and if not very well, there is room to keep out of the way.)

You may see a great deal here of Life, in the London sense, if you know

a few people; or if you do not, and have the tact to look about you

without seeming to stare.

We came to Milwaukie, where we were to pass a fortnight or more.

This place is most beautifully situated. A little river, with romantic

banks, passes up through the town. The bank of the lake is here a bold

bluff, eighty feet in height. From its summit, you enjoyed a noble

outlook on the lake. A little narrow path wound along the edge of the

lake below. I liked this walk much. Above me this high wall of rich

earth, garlanded on its crest with trees, the long ripples of the lake

coming up to my feet. Here, standing in the shadow, I could appreciate

better its magnificent changes of color, which are the chief beauties of

the lake-waters; but these are indescribable.

It was fine to ascend into the lighthouse, above this bluff, and watch

from thence the thunder-clouds which so frequently rose over the lake,

or the great boats coming in. Approaching the Milwaukie pier, they made

a bend, and seemed to do obeisance in the heavy style of some dowager

duchess entering a circle she wishes to treat with especial respect.

These boats come in and out every day, and still afford a cause for

general excitement. The people swarm down to greet them, to receive and

send away their packages and letters. To me they seemed such mighty

messengers, to give, by their noble motion, such an idea of the power

and fullness of life, that they were worthy to carry despatches from

king to king. It must be very pleasant for those who have an active

share in carrying on the affairs of this great and growing world to see

them come in. It must be very pleasant to those who have dearly loved

friends at the next station. To those who have neither business nor

friends, it sometimes gives a desolating sense of insignificance.

The town promises to be, some time, a fine one, as it is so well

situated; and they have good building material--a yellow brick, very

pleasing to the eye. It seems to grow before you, and has indeed but

just emerged from the thickets of oak and wild roses. A few steps will

take you into the thickets, and certainly I never saw so many wild

roses, or of so beautiful a red. Of such a color were the first red ones

the world ever saw, when, says the legend, Venus flying to the

assistance of Adonis, the rosebushes kept catching her to make her stay,

and the drops of blood the thorns drew from her feet, as she tore

herself away, fell on the white roses, and turned them this beautiful

red.

I will here insert, though with no excuse, except that it came to memory

at the time, this description of Titian's Venus and Adonis.

"This picture has that perfect balance of lines and forms that it would,

(as was said of all Raphael's) 'seen at any distance have the air of an

ornamental design.' It also tolls its story at the first glance, though,

like all beautiful works, it gains by study.

"On one side slumbers the little God of Love, as an emblem, I suppose,

that only the love of man is worth embodying, for surely Cytherea's is

awake enough. The quiver of Cupid, suspended to a tree, gives sportive

grace to the scene which softens the tragedy of a breaking tie. The dogs

of Adonis pull upon his hand; he can scarce forbear to burst from the

detaining arms of Beauty herself, yet he waits a moment to coax her--to

make an unmeaning promise. 'A moment, a moment, my love, and I will

return; a moment only.' Adonis is not beautiful, except in his

expression of eager youth. The Queen of Beauty does not choose Apollo.

Venus herself is very beautiful; especially the body is lovely as can

be; and the soft, imploring look, gives a conjugal delicacy to the face

which purifies the whole picture. This Venus is not as fresh, as moving

and breathing as Shakspeare's, yet lovelier to the mind if not to the

sense. 'T is difficult to look at this picture without indignation,

because it is, in one respect, so true. Why must women always try to

detain and restrain what they love? Foolish beauty; let him go; it is

thy tenderness that has spoiled him. Be less lovely--less feminine;

abandon thy fancy for giving thyself wholly; cease to love so well, and

any Hercules will spin among thy maids, if thou wilt. But let him go

this time; thou canst not keep him. Sit there, by thyself, on that bank,

and, instead of thinking how soon he will come back, think how thou

may'st love him no better than he does thee, for the time has come."

It was soon after this moment that the poor Queen, hearing the

frightened hounds, apprehended the rash huntsman's danger, and, flying

through the woods, gave their hue to the red roses.

To return from the Grecian isles to Milwaukie. One day, walking along

the river's bank in search of a waterfall to be seen from one ravine, we

heard tones from a band of music, and saw a gay troop shooting at a

mark, on the opposite bank. Between every shot the band played; the

effect was very pretty.

On this walk we found two of the oldest and most gnarled hemlocks that

ever afforded study for a painter. They were the only ones we saw; they

seemed the veterans of a former race.

At Milwaukie, as at Chicago, are many pleasant people, drawn together

from all parts of the world. A resident here would find great piquancy

in the associations,--those he met having such dissimilar histories and

topics. And several persons I saw evidently transplanted from the most

refined circles to be met in this country. There are lures enough in the

West for people of all kinds;--the enthusiast and the cunning man; the

naturalist, and the lover who needs to be rich for the sake of her he

loves.

The torrent of emigration swells very strongly towards this place.

During the fine weather, the poor refugees arrive daily, in their

national dresses, all travel-soiled and worn. The night they pass in

rude shantees, in a particular quarter of the town, then walk off into

the country--the mothers carrying their infants, the fathers leading the

little children by the hand, seeking a home, where their hands may

maintain them.

One morning we set off in their track, and travelled a day's journey

into this country,--fair, yet not, in that part which I saw, comparable,

in my eyes, to the Rock River region. It alternates rich fields, proper

for grain, with oak openings, as they are called; bold, various and

beautiful were the features of the scene, but I saw not those majestic

sweeps, those boundless distances, those heavenly fields; it was not the

same world.

Neither did we travel in the same delightful manner. We were now in a

nice carriage, which must not go off the road, for fear of breakage,

with a regular coachman, whose chief care was not to tire his horses,

and who had no taste for entering fields in pursuit of wild flowers, or

tempting some strange wood path in search of whatever might befall. It

was pleasant, but almost as tame as New England.

But charming indeed was the place where we stopped. It was in the

vicinity of a chain of lakes, and on the bank of the loveliest little

stream, called the Bark river, which flowed in rapid amber brightness,

through fields, and dells, and stately knolls, of most idylic beauty.

The little log cabin where we slept, with its flower garden in front,

disturbed the scene no more than a stray lock on the fair cheek. The

hospitality of that house I may well call princely; it was the boundless

hospitality of the heart, which, if it has no Aladdin's lamp to create a

palace for the guest, does him still higher service by the freedom of

its bounty up to the very last drop of its powers.

Sweet were the sunsets seen in the valley of this stream, though here,

and, I grieve to say, no less near the Rock River, the fiend, who has

ever liberty to tempt the happy in this world, appeared in the shape of

mosquitoes, and allowed us no bodily to enjoy our mental peace.

One day we ladies gave, under the guidance of our host, to visiting all

the beauties of the adjacent lakes--Nomabbin, Silver, and Pine Lakes. On

the shore of Nomabbin had formerly been one of the finest Indian

villages. Our host said that, one day, as he was lying there beneath the

bank, he saw a tall Indian standing at gaze on the knoll. He lay a long

time, curious to see how long the figure would maintain its statue-like

absorption. But, at last, his patience yielded, and, in moving, he made

a slight noise. The Indian saw him, gave a wild, snorting sound of

indignation and pain, and strode away.

What feelings must consume their heart at such moments! I scarcely see

how they can forbear to shoot the white man where he stands.

But the power of fate is with the white man, and the Indian feels it.

This same gentleman told of his travelling through the wilderness with

an Indian guide. He had with him a bottle of spirit which he meant to

give him in small quantities, but the Indian, once excited, wanted the

whole at once. I would not, said Mr.----, give it him, for I thought if

he got really drunk, there was an end to his services as a guide. But he

persisted, and at last tried to take it from me. I was not armed; he

was, and twice as strong as I. But I knew an Indian could not resist the

look of a white man, and I fixed my eye steadily on his. He bore it for

a moment, then his eye fell; he let go the bottle. I took his gun and

threw it to a distance. After a few moments' pause, I told him to go and

fetch it, and left it in his hands. From that moment he was quite

obedient, even servile, all the rest of the way.

This gentleman, though in other respects of most kindly and liberal

heart, showed the aversion that the white man soon learns to feel for

the Indian on whom he encroaches, the aversion of the injurer for him he

has degraded. After telling the anecdote of his seeing the Indian gazing

at the seat of his former home,

"A thing for human feelings the most trying,"

and which, one would think, would have awakened soft compassion--almost

remorse--in the present owner of that fair hill, which contained for the

exile the bones of his dead, the ashes of his hopes,--he observed, "They

cannot be prevented from straggling back here to their old haunts. I

wish they could. They ought not to permitted to drive away _our_ game."

OUR game--just heavens!

The same gentleman showed, on a slight occasion, the true spirit of the

sportsman, or, perhaps I might say of Man, when engaged in any kind of

chase. Showing us some antlers, he said, "This one belonged to a

majestic creature. But this other was the beauty. I had been lying a

long time at watch, when at last I heard them come crackling along. I

lifted my head cautiously, as they burst through the trees. The first

was a magnificent fellow; but then I saw coming one, the prettiest, the

most graceful I ever beheld--there was something so soft and beseeching

in its look. I chose him at once; took aim, and shot him dead. You see

the antlers are not very large; it was young, but the prettiest

creature!"

In the course of this morning's drive, we visited the gentlemen on their

fishing party. They hailed us gaily, and rowed ashore to show us what

fine booty they had. No disappointment there, no dull work. On the

beautiful point of land from which we first saw them, lived a contented

woman, the only one I heard of out there. She was English, and said she

had seen so much suffering in her own country that the hardships of this

seemed as nothing to her. But the others--even our sweet and gentle

hostess--found their labors disproportioned to their strength, if not

to their patience; and, while their husbands and brothers enjoyed the

country in hunting or fishing, they found themselves confined to a

comfortless and laborious indoor life. But it need not be so long.

This afternoon, driving about on the banks of these lakes, we found the

scene all of one kind of loveliness; wide, graceful woods, and then

these fine sheets of water, with fine points of land jutting out boldly

into them. It was lovely, but not striking or peculiar.

All woods suggest pictures. The European forest, with its long glades

and green sunny dells, naturally suggested the figures of armed knight

on his proud steed, or maiden, decked in gold and pearl, pricking along

them on a snow white palfrey. The green dells, of weary Palmer sleeping

there beside the spring with his head upon his wallet. Our minds,

familiar with such figures, people with them the New England woods,

wherever the sunlight falls down a longer than usual cart-track,

wherever a cleared spot has lain still enough for the trees to look

friendly, with their exposed sides cultivated by the light, and the

grass to look velvet warm, and be embroidered with flowers. These

western woods suggest a different kind of ballad. The Indian legends

have, often, an air of the wildest solitude, as has the one Mr. Lowell

has put into verse, in his late volume. But I did not see those wild

woods; only such as suggest little romances of love and sorrow, like

this:

A maiden sat beneath the tree,

Tear-bedewed her pale cheeks be,

And she sigheth heavily.

From forth the wood into the light,

A hunter strides with carol light,

And a glance so bold and bright.

He careless stopped and eyed the maid;

"Why weepest thou?" he gently said,

"I love thee well; be not afraid."

He takes her hand, and leads her on;

She should have waited there alone,

For he was not her chosen one.

He leans her head upon his breast,

She knew 't was not her home of rest,

But ah! she had been sore distrest.

The sacred stars looked sadly down;

The parting moon appeared to frown,

To see thus dimmed the diamond crown.

Then from the thicket starts a deer,

The huntsman, seizing on his spear,

Cries, "Maiden, wait thou for me here."

She sees him vanish into night,

She starts from sleep in deep affright,

For it was not her own true knight.

Though but in dream Gunhilda failed;

Though but a fancied ill assailed,

Though she but fancied fault bewailed.

Yet thought of day makes dream of night:

She is not worthy of the knight,

The inmost altar burns not bright.

If loneliness thou canst not bear,

Cannot the dragon's venom dare,

Of the pure meed thou shouldst despair.

Now sadder that lone maiden sighs,

Far bitterer tears profane her eyes,

Crushed in the dust her heart's flower lies.

[Illustration: INDIAN ENCAMPMENT]

On the bank of Silver Lake we saw an Indian encampment. A shower

threatened us, but we resolved to try if we could not visit it before it

came on. We crossed a wide field on foot, and found them amid the trees

on a shelving bank; just as we reached them the rain began to fall in

torrents, with frequent thunder claps, and we had to take refuge in

their lodges. These were very small, being for temporary use, and we

crowded the occupants much, among whom were several sick, on the damp

ground, or with only a ragged mat between them and it. But they showed

all the gentle courtesy which marks them towards the stranger, who

stands in any need; though it was obvious that the visit, which

inconvenienced them, could only have been caused by the most impertinent

curiosity, they made us as comfortable as their extreme poverty

permitted. They seemed to think we would not like to touch them: a sick

girl in the lodge where I was, persisted in moving so as to give me the

dry place; a woman with the sweet melancholy eye of the race, kept off

the children and wet dogs from even the hem of my garment.

Without, their fires smouldered, and black kettles, hung over them on

sticks, smoked and seethed in the rain. An old theatrical looking Indian

stood with arms folded, looking up to the heavens, from which the rain

dashed and the thunder reverberated; his air was French-Roman, that is,

more romanesque than Roman. The Indian ponies, much excited, kept

careering through the wood, around the encampment, and now and then

halting suddenly, would thrust in their intelligent, though amazed,

phizzes, as if to ask their masters when this awful pother would cease,

and then, after a moment, rush and trample off again.

At last we got off, well wetted, but with a picturesque scene for

memory. At a house where we stopped to get dry, they told us that this

wandering band (of Pottawattamies,) who had returned on a visit, either

from homesickness, or need of relief, were extremely destitute. The

women had been there to see if they could barter their head bands with

which they club their hair behind into a form not unlike a Grecian knot,

for food. They seemed, indeed, to have neither food, utensils, clothes,

nor bedding; nothing but the ground, the sky, and their own strength.

Little wonder if they drove off the game!

Part of the same band I had seen in Milwaukie, on a begging dance. The

effect of this was wild and grotesque. They wore much paint and feather

head-dresses. "Indians without paint are poor coots," said a gentleman

who had been a great deal with, and really liked, them; and I like the

effect of the paint on them; it reminds of the gay fantasies of nature.

With them in Milwaukie, was a chief, the finest Indian figure I saw,

more than six feet in height, erect, and of a sullen, but grand gait and

gesture. He wore a deep red blanket, which fell in large folds from his

shoulders to his feet, did not join in the dance, but slowly strode

about through the streets, a fine sight, not a French-Roman, but a real

Roman. He looked unhappy, but listlessly unhappy, as if he felt it was

of no use to strive or resist.

While in the neighborhood of these lakes, we visited also a foreign

settlement of great interest. Here were minds, it seemed, to "comprehend

the trusts," of their new life; and if they can only stand true to them,

will derive and bestow great benefits therefrom.

But sad and sickening to the enthusiast who comes to these shores,

hoping the tranquil enjoyment of intellectual blessings, and the pure

happiness of mutual love, must be a part of the scene that he encounters

at first. He has escaped from the heartlessness of courts, to encounter

the vulgarity of a mob; he has secured solitude, but it is a lonely, a

deserted solitude. Amid the abundance of nature he cannot, from petty,

but insuperable obstacles, procure, for a long time, comforts, or a

home.

But let him come sufficiently armed with patience to learn the new

spells which the new dragons require, (and this can only be done on the

spot,) he will not finally be disappointed of the promised treasure; the

mob will resolve itself into men, yet crude, but of good dispositions,

and capable of good character; the solitude will become sufficiently

enlivened and home grow up at last from the rich sod.

In this transition state we found one of these homes. As we approached

it seemed the very Eden which earth might still afford to a pair willing

to give up the hackneyed pleasures of the world, for a better and more

intimate communion with one another and with beauty: the wild road led

through wide beautiful woods, to the wilder and more beautiful shores of

the finest lake we saw. On its waters, glittering in the morning sun, a

few Indians were paddling to and fro in their light canoes. On one of

those fair knolls I have so often mentioned, stood the cottage, beneath

trees which stooped as if they yet felt brotherhood with its roof tree.

Flowers waved, birds fluttered round, all had the sweetness of a happy

seclusion; all invited on entrance to cry, All hail ye happy ones! to

those who inhabited it.

But on entrance to those evidently rich in personal beauty, talents,

love, and courage, the aspect of things was rather sad. Sickness had

been with them, death, care, and labor; these had not yet blighted them,

but had turned their gay smiles grave. It seemed that hope and joy had

given place to resolution. How much, too, was there in them, worthless

in this place, which would have been so valuable elsewhere. Refined

graces, cultivated powers, shine in vain before field laborers, as

laborers are in this present world; you might as well cultivate

heliotropes to present to an ox. Oxen and heliotropes are both good, but

not for one another.

With them were some of the old means of enjoyment, the books, the

pencil, the guitar; but where the wash-tub and the axe are so constantly

in requisition, there is not much time and pliancy of hand for these.

In the inner room the master of the house was seated; he had been

sitting there long, for he had injured his foot on ship-board, and his

farming had to be done by proxy. His beautiful young wife was his only

attendant and nurse, as well as a farm housekeeper; how well she

performed hard and unaccustomed duties, the objects of her care shewed;

everything that belonged to the house was rude but neatly arranged; the

invalid, confined to an uneasy wooden chair, (they had not been able to

induce any one to bring them an easy chair from the town,) looked as

neat and elegant as if he had been dressed by the valet of a duke. He

was of northern blood, with clear full blue eyes, calm features, a

tempering of the soldier, scholar, and man of the world, in his aspect;

whether that various intercourses had given himself that thorough-bred

look never seen in Americans, or that it was inherited from a race who

had known all these disciplines. He formed a great but pleasing contrast

to his wife, whose glowing complexion and dark mellow eye bespoke an

origin in some climate more familiar with the sun. He looked as if he

could sit there a great while patiently, and live on his own mind,

biding his time; she, as if she could bear anything for affection's

sake, but would feel the weight of each moment as it passed.

Seeing the album full of drawings and verses which bespoke the circle of

elegant and affectionate intercourse they had left, behind, we could not

but see that the young wife sometimes must need a sister, the husband a

companion, and both must often miss that electricity which sparkles from

the chain of congenial minds.

For man, a position is desirable in some degree proportioned to his

education. Mr. Birkbeck was bred a farmer, but these were nurslings of

the court and city; they may persevere, for an affectionate courage

shone in their eyes, and, if so, become true lords of the soil, and

informing geniuses to those around; then, perhaps, they will feel that

they have not paid too dear for the tormented independence of the new

settler's life. But, generally, damask roses will not thrive in the

wood, and a ruder growth, if healthy and pure, we wish rather to see

there.

I feel very differently about these foreigners from Americans; American

men and women are inexcusable if they do not bring up children so as to

be fit for vicissitudes; that is the meaning of our star, that here all

men being free and equal, all should be fitted for freedom and an

independence by his own resources wherever the changeful wave of our

mighty stream may take him. But the star of Europe brought a different

horoscope, and to mix destinies breaks the thread of both. The Arabian

horse will not plough well, nor can the plough-horse be rode to play the

jereed. But a man is a man wherever he goes, and something precious

cannot fail to be gained by one who knows how to abide by a resolution

of any kind, and pay the cost without a murmur.

Returning, the fine carriage at last fulfilled its threat of breaking

down. We took refuge in a farm house. Here was a pleasant scene. A rich

and beautiful estate, several happy families, who had removed together,

and formed a natural community, ready to help and enliven one another.

They were farmers at home, in western New York, and both men and women

knew how to work. Yet even here the women did not like the change, but

they were willing, "as it might be best for the young folks." Their

hospitality was great, the housefull of women and pretty children seemed

all of one mind.

Returning to Milwaukie much fatigued, I entertained myself for a day or

two with reading. The book I had brought with me was in strong contrast

with the life around me. Very strange was this vision of an exalted and

sensitive existence, which seemed to invade the next sphere, in contrast

with the spontaneous, instinctive life, so healthy and so near the

ground I had been surveying. This was the German book entitled:

Die Scherin von Prevorst.--Eröffnungen über das innere Leben des

Menschen und über das hereinragen einer Geisterwelt in die unsere.

Mitgetheilt von Justinus Kerner.

The Seeress of Prevorst.--Revelations concerning the inward life of man,

and the projection of a world of spirits into ours, communicated by

Justinus Kerner.

This book, published in Germany some twelve years since, and which

called forth there plenteous dews of admiration, as plenteous

hail-storms of jeers and scorns, I never saw mentioned till some year or

two since, in any English publication. Then a playful, but not sarcastic

account of it, in the Dublin Magazine, so far excited my curiosity that

I procured the book intending to read it so soon as I should have some

leisure days, such as this journey has afforded.

Dr. Kerner, its author, is a man of distinction in his native land, both

as a physician and a thinker, though always on the side of reverence,

marvel, and mysticism. He was known to me only through two or three

little poems of his in Catholic legends, which I much admired for the

fine sense they showed of the beauty of symbols.

He here gives a biography, mental and physical, of one of the most

remarkable cases of high nervous excitement that the age, so interested

in such, yet affords, with all its phenomena of clairvoyance and

susceptibility of magnetic influences. I insert some account of this

biography at the request of many who have been interested by slight

references to it. The book, a thick and heavy volume, written with true

German patience, some would say clumsiness, has not, probably, and may

not be translated into other languages. As to my own mental position on

these subjects it may be briefly expressed by a dialogue between several

persons who honor me with a portion of friendly confidence and of

criticism, and myself expressed as _Free Hope_. The others may be styled

_Old Church, Good Sense_, and _Self-Poise_.

_Good Sense_. I wonder you can take any interest in such observations or

experiments. Don't you see how almost impossible it is to make them with

any exactness, how entirely impossible to know anything about them

unless made by yourself, when the least leaven of credulity, excited

fancy, to say nothing of willing or careless imposture, spoils the

whole loaf. Beside, allowing the possibility of some clear glimpses into

a higher state of being, what do we want of it now? All around us lies

what we neither understand nor use. Our capacities, our instincts for

this our present sphere are but half developed. Let us confine ourselves

to that till the lesson be learned; let us be completely natural, before

we trouble ourselves with the supernatural. I never see any of these

things but I long to get away and lie under a green tree and let the

wind blow on me. There is marvel and charm enough in that for me.

_Free Hope_. And for me also. Nothing is truer than the Wordsworthian

creed, on which Carlyle lays such stress, that we need only look on the

miracle of every day, to sate ourselves with thought and admiration

every day. But how are our faculties sharpened to do it? Precisely by

apprehending the infinite results of every day.

Who sees the meaning of the flower uprooted in the ploughed field? The

ploughman who does not look beyond its boundaries and does not raise his

eyes from the ground? No--but the poet who sees that field in its

relations with the universe, and looks oftener to the sky than on the

ground. Only the dreamer shall understand realities, though, in truth,

his dreaming must not be out of proportion to his waking!

The mind, roused powerfully by this existence, stretches of itself into

what the French sage calls the "aromal state." From the hope thus

gleaned it forms the hypothesis, under whose banner it collects its

facts.

Long before these slight attempts were made to establish as a science

what is at present called animal magnetism, always, in fact men were

occupied more or less with this vital principle, principle of flux and

influx, dynamic of our mental mechanics, human phase of electricity.

Poetic observation was pure, there was no quackery in its free course,

as there is so often in this wilful tampering with the hidden springs of

life, for it is tampering unless done in a patient spirit and with

severe truth; yet it may be, by the rude or greedy miners, some good ore

is unearthed. And some there are who work in the true temper, patient

and accurate in trial, not rushing to conclusions, feeling there is a

mystery, not eager to call it by name, till they can know it as a

reality: such may learn, such may teach.

Subject to the sudden revelations, the breaks in habitual existence

caused by the aspect of death, the touch of love, the flood of music, I

never lived, that I remember, what you call a common natural day. All my

days are touched by the supernatural, for I feel the pressure of hidden

causes, and the presence, sometimes the communion, of unseen powers. It

needs not that I should ask the clairvoyant whether "a spirit-world

projects into ours." As to the specific evidence, I would not tarnish my

mind by hasty reception. The mind is not, I know, a highway, but a

temple, and its doors should not be carelessly left open. Yet it were

sin, if indolence or coldness excluded what had a claim to enter; and I

doubt whether, in the eyes of pure intelligence, an ill-grounded hasty

rejection be not a greater sign of weakness than an ill-grounded and

hasty faith.

I will quote, as my best plea, the saying of a man old in years, but not

in heart, and whose long life has been distinguished by that clear

adaptation of means to ends which gives the credit of practical wisdom.

He wrote to his child, "I have lived too long, and seen too much to be

incredulous." Noble the thought, no less so its frank expression,

instead of saws of caution, mean advices, and other modern instances.

Such was the romance of Socrates when he bade his disciples "sacrifice a

cock to Aesculapius."

_Old Church_. You are always so quick-witted and voluble, Free Hope, you

don't get time to see how often you err, and even, perhaps, sin and

blaspheme. The Author of all has intended to confine our knowledge

within certain boundaries, has given us a short span of time for a

certain probation, for which our faculties are adapted. By wild

speculation and intemperate curiosity we violate his will and incur

dangerous, perhaps fatal, consequences. We waste our powers, and,

becoming morbid and visionary, are unfitted to obey positive precepts,

and perform positive duties.

_Free Hope_. I do not see how it is possible to go further beyond the

results of a limited human experience than those do who pretend to

settle the origin and nature of sin, the final destiny of souls, and the

whole plan of the causal spirit with regard to them. I think those who

take your view, have not examined themselves, and do not know the ground

on which they stand.

I acknowledge no limit, set up by man's opinion, as to the capacities

of man. "Care is taken," I see it, "that the trees grow not up into

heaven," but, to me it seems, the more vigorously they aspire the

better. Only let it be a vigorous, not a partial or sickly aspiration.

Let not the tree forget its root.

So long as the child insists on knowing where its dead parent is, so

long as bright eyes weep at mysterious pressures, too heavy for the

life, so long as that impulse is constantly arising which made the Roman

emperor address his soul in a strain of such touching softness,

vanishing from the thought, as the column of smoke from the eye, I know

of no inquiry which the impulse of man suggests that is forbidden to the

resolution of man to pursue. In every inquiry, unless sustained by a

pure and reverent spirit, he gropes in the dark, or falls headlong.

_Self-Poise_. All this may be very true, but what is the use of all this

straining? Far-sought is dear-bought. When we know that all is in each,

and that the ordinary contains the extraordinary, why should we play the

baby, and insist upon having the moon for a toy when a tin dish will do

as well. Our deep ignorance is a chasm that we can only fill up by

degrees, but the commonest rubbish will help us as well as shred silk.

The God Brahma, while on earth, was set to fill up a valley, but he had

only a basket given him in which to fetch earth for this purpose; so is

it with us all. No leaps, no starts will avail us, by patient

crystallization alone the equal temper of wisdom is attainable. Sit at

home and the spirit-world will look in at your window with moonlit

eyes; run out to find it, and rainbow and golden cup will have vanished

and left you the beggarly child you were. The better part of wisdom is a

sublime prudence, a pure and patient truth that will receive nothing it

is not sure it can permanently lay to heart. Of our study there should

be in proportion two-thirds of rejection to one of acceptance. And, amid

the manifold infatuations and illusions of this world of emotion, a

being capable of clear intelligence can do no better service than to

hold himself upright, avoid nonsense, and do what chores lie in his way,

acknowledging every moment that primal truth, which no fact exhibits,

nor, if pressed by too warm a hope, will even indicate. I think, indeed,

it is part of our lesson to give a formal consent to what is farcical,

and to pick up our living and our virtue amid what is so ridiculous,

hardly deigning a smile, and certainly not vexed. The work is done

through all, if not by every one.

_Free Hope._ Thou art greatly wise, my friend, and ever respected by me,

yet I find not in your theory or your scope, room enough for the lyric

inspirations, or the mysterious whispers of life. To me it seems that it

is madder never to abandon oneself, than often to be infatuated; better

to be wounded, a captive, and a slave, than always to walk in armor. As

to magnetism, that is only a matter of fancy. You sometimes need just

such a field in which to wander vagrant, and if it bear a higher name,

yet it may be that, in last result, the trance of Pythagoras might be

classed with the more infantine transports of the Seeress of Prevorst.

What is done interests me more than what is thought and supposed. Every

fact is impure, but every fact contains in it the juices of life. Every

fact is a clod, from which may grow an amaranth or a palm.

Do you climb the snowy peaks from whence come the streams, where the

atmosphere is rare, where you can see the sky nearer, from which you can

get a commanding view of the landscape. I see great disadvantages as

well as advantages in this dignified position. I had rather walk myself

through all kinds of places, even at the risk of being robbed in the

forest, half drowned at the ford, and covered with dust in the street.

I would beat with the living heart of the world, and understand all the

moods, even the fancies or fantasies, of nature. I dare to trust to the

interpreting spirit to bring me out all right at last--to establish

truth through error.

Whether this be the best way is of no consequence, if it be the one

individual character points out.

For one, like me, it would be vain

From glittering heights the eyes to strain;

I the truth can only know,

Tested by life's most fiery glow.

Seeds of thought will never thrive

Till dews of love shall bid them live.

Let me stand in my age with all its waters flowing round me. If they

sometimes subdue, they must finally upbear me, for I seek the

Universal--and that must be the best.

The Spirit, no doubt, leads in every movement of my time: if I seek the

How, I shall find it, as well as if I busied myself more with the Why.

Whatever is, is right, if only men are steadily bent to make it so, by

comprehending and fulfilling its design.

May not I have an office, too, in my hospitality and ready sympathy? If

I sometimes entertain guests who cannot pay with gold coin, with "fair

rose nobles," that is better than to lose the chance of entertaining

angels unawares.

You, my three friends, are held in heart-honor, by me. You, especially,

Good-Sense, because where you do not go yourself, you do not object to

another's going, if he will. You are really liberal. You, Old Church,

are of use, by keeping unforgot the effigies of old religion, and

reviving the tone of pure Spenserian sentiment, which this time is apt

to stifle in its childish haste. But you are very faulty in censuring

and wishing to limit others by your own standard. You, Self-Poise, fill

a priestly office. Could but a larger intelligence of the vocations of

others, and a tender sympathy with their individual natures be added,

had you more of love, or more of apprehensive genius, (for either would

give you the needed expansion and delicacy) you would command my entire

reverence. As it is, I must at times deny and oppose you, and so must

others, for you tend, by your influence, to exclude us from our full,

free life. We must be content when you censure, and rejoiced when you

approve; always admonished to good by your whole being, and sometimes by

your judgment. And so I pass on to interest myself and others in the

memoir of the Scherin von Prevorst.

Aside from Löwenstein, a town of Wirtemberg, on mountains whose highest

summit is more than eighteen hundred feet above the level of the sea,

lies in romantic seclusion, surrounded on all sides by woods and hills,

the hamlet of Prevorst.

Its inhabitants number about four hundred and fifty, most of whom

support themselves by wood-cutting, and making charcoal, and collecting

wood seed.

As is usual with those who live upon the mountains, these are a vigorous

race, and generally live to old age without sickness. Diseases that

infest the valley, such as ague, never touch them; but they are subject

in youth to attacks upon the nerves, which one would not expect in so

healthy a class. In a town situated near to, and like Prevorst, the

children were often attacked with a kind of St. Vitus's dance. They

would foresee when it would seize upon them, and, if in the field, would

hasten home to undergo the paroxysms there. From these they rose, as

from magnetic sleep, without memory of what had happened.

Other symptoms show the inhabitants of this region very susceptible to

magnetic and sidereal influences.

On this mountain, and indeed in the hamlet of Prevorst, was, in 1801, a

woman born, in whom a peculiar inner life discovered itself from early

childhood. Frederica Hauffe, whose father was gamekeeper of this

district of forest, was, as the position and solitude of her birthplace

made natural, brought up in the most simple manner. In the keen mountain

air and long winter cold, she was not softened by tenderness either as

to dress or bedding, but grew up lively and blooming; and while her

brothers and sisters, under the same circumstances, were subject to

rheumatic attacks, she remained free from them. On the other hand, her

peculiar tendency displayed itself in her dreams. If anything affected

her painfully, if her mind was excited by reproof, she had instructive

warning, or prophetic dreams.

While yet quite young, her parents let her go, for the advantages of

instruction, to her grandfather, Johann Schmidgall, in Löwenstein.

Here were discovered in her the sensibility to magnetic and ghostly

influences, which, the good Kerner assures us, her grandparents deeply

lamented, and did all in their power to repress. But, as it appears that

her grandfather, also, had seen a ghost, and there were evidently

legends in existence about the rooms in which the little Frederika saw

ghosts, and spots where the presence of human bones caused her sudden

shivering, we may be allowed to doubt whether indirect influence was not

more powerful than direct repression upon these subjects.

There is the true German impartiality with regard to the scene of

appearance for these imposing visiters; sometimes it is "a room in the

Castle of Löwenstein, long disused," à la Radcliffe, sometimes "a

deserted kitchen."

This "solemn, unhappy gift," brought no disturbance to the childish life

of the maiden, she enjoyed life with more vivacity than most of her

companions. The only trouble she had was the extreme irritability of the

optic nerve, which, though without inflammation of the eyes, sometimes

confined her to a solitary chamber. "This," says Dr. K. "was probably a

sign of the development of the spiritual in the fleshly eye."

Sickness of her parents at last called her back to the lonely Prevorst,

where, by trouble and watching beside sick beds, her feelings were too

much excited, so that the faculty for prophetic dreams and the vision of

spirits increased upon her.

From her seventeenth to her nineteenth year, when every outward relation

was pleasant for her, this inward life was not so active, and she was

distinguished from other girls of her circle only by the more

intellectual nature, which displayed itself chiefly in the eyes, and by

a greater liveliness which, however, never passed the bounds of grace

and propriety.

She had none of the sentimentality so common at that age, and it can be

proved that she had never an attachment, nor was disappointed in love,

as has been groundlessly asserted.

In her nineteenth year, she was by her family betrothed to Herr H. The

match was desirable on account of the excellence of the man, and the

sure provision it afforded for her comfort through life.

But, whether from presentiment of the years of suffering that were

before her, or from other hidden feelings, of which we only know with

certainty that, if such there were, they were not occasioned by another

attachment, she sank into a dejection, inexplicable to her family;

passed whole days in weeping; scarcely slept for some weeks, and thus

the life of feeling which had been too powerful in her childhood was

called up anew in full force.

On the day of her solemn betrothal, took place, also, the funeral of

T., the preacher of Oberstenfeld, a man of sixty and more years, whose

preaching, instruction, and character, (he was goodness itself,) had had

great influence upon her life. She followed the dear remains, with

others, to the church-yard. Her heart till then so heavy, was suddenly

relieved and calmed, as she stood beside the grave. She remained there

long, enjoying her new peace, and when she went away found herself

tranquil, but indifferent to all the concerns of this world. Here began

the period, not indeed as yet of sickness, but of her peculiar inward

life, which knew afterward no pause.

Later, in somnambulic state, she spoke of this day in the following

verses. The deceased had often appeared to her as a shape of light,

protecting her from evil spirits.

(These are little simple rhymes; they are not worth translating into

verse, though, in the original, they have a childish grace.)

What was once so dark to me,

I see now clearly.

In that day

When I had given in marriage myself away,

I stood quite immersed in thee,

Thou angel figure above thy grave mound.

Willingly would I have exchanged with thee,

Willingly given up to thee my earthly luck,

Which those around praised as the blessing of heaven.

I prayed upon thy grave

For one blessing only,

That the wings of this angel

Might henceforward

On the hot path of life,

Waft around me the peace of heaven.

There standest thou, angel, now; my prayer was heard.

She was, in consequence of her marriage, removed to Kürnbach, a place on

the borders of Würtemberg and Baden. Its position is low, gloomy, shut

in by hills; opposite in all the influences of earth and atmosphere to

those of Prevorst and its vicinity.

Those of electrical susceptibility are often made sick or well by change

of place. Papponi, (of whom Amoretti writes,) a man of such

susceptibility, was cured of convulsive attacks by change of place.

Penriet could find repose while in one part of Calabria, only by

wrapping himself in an oil-cloth mantle, thus, as it were, isolating

himself. That great sense of sidereal and imponderable influences, which

afterward manifested itself so clearly in the Seherin, probably made

this change of place very unfavorable to her. Later, it appeared, that

the lower she came down from the hills, the more she suffered from

spasms, but on the heights her tendency to the magnetic state was the

greatest.

But also mental influences were hostile to her. Already withdrawn from

the outward life, she was placed, where, as consort and housekeeper to a

laboring man, the calls on her care and attention were incessant. She

was obliged hourly to forsake her inner home, to provide for an outer,

which did not correspond with it.

She bore this seven months, though flying to solitude, whenever outward

relations permitted. But longer it was not possible to conceal the

inward verity by an outward action, "the body sank beneath the attempt,

and the spirit took refuge in the inner circle."

One night she dreamed that she awoke and found the dead body of the

preacher T. by her side; that at the same time her father, and two

physicians were considering what should be done for her in a severe

sickness. She called out that "the dead friend would help her; she

needed no physician." Her husband, hearing her cry out in sleep, woke

her.

This dream was presage of a fever, which seized her next morning. It

lasted fourteen days with great violence, and was succeeded by attacks

of convulsion and spasm. This was the beginning of that state of bodily

suffering and mental exaltation in which she passed the remaining seven

years of her life.

She seems to have been very injudiciously treated in the first stages of

her illness. Bleeding was resorted to, as usual in cases of extreme

suffering where the nurses know not what else to do, and, as usual, the

momentary relief was paid for by an increased nervousness, and capacity

for suffering.

Magnetic influences from other persons were of frequent use to her, but

they were applied without care as to what characters and constitutions

were brought into connexion with hers, and were probably in the end just

as injurious to her as the loss of blood. At last she became so weak, so

devoid of all power in herself, that her life seemed entirely dependent

on artificial means and the influence of other men.

There is a singular story of a woman in the neighborhood, who visited

her once or twice, apparently from an instinct that she should injure

her, and afterwards, interfered in the same way, and with the same

results, in the treatment of her child.

This demoniacal impulse and power, which were ascribed to the Canidias

of ancient superstition, may be seen subtly influencing the members of

every-day society. We see persons led, by an uneasy impulse, towards the

persons and the topics where they are sure they can irritate and annoy.

This is constantly observable among children, also in the closest

relations between grown up people who have not yet the government of

themselves, neither are governed by the better power.

There is also an interesting story of a quack who treated her with

amulets, whose parallel may be found in the action of such persons in

common society. It is an expression of the power that a vulgar and

self-willed nature will attain over one delicate, poetical, but not yet

clear within itself; outwardly it yields to a power which it inwardly

disclaims.

A touching little passage is related of a time in the first years, when

she seemed to be better, so much so as to receive an evening visit from

some female friends. They grew merry and began to dance; she remained

sad and thoughtful. When they stopped, she was in the attitude of

prayer. One of her intimates, observing this, began to laugh. This

affected her so much, that she became cold and rigid like a corpse. For

some time they did not hear her breathe, and, when she did, it was with

a rattling noise. They applied mustard poultices, and used foot and hand

baths; she was brought back to life, but to a state of great suffering.

She recognized as her guardian spirit, who sometimes magnetized her or

removed from her neighborhood substances that were hurtful to her, her

grandmother; thus coinciding with the popular opinion that traits

reappear in the third generation.

Now began still greater wonders; the second sight, numerous and various

visits from spirits and so forth.

The following may be mentioned in connection with theories and

experiments current among ourselves.

"A friend, who was often with her at this time, wrote to me (Kerner):

When I, with my finger, touch her _on the forehead between the

eyebrows_, she says each time something that bears upon the state of my

soul. Some of these sentences I record.

"Keep thy soul so that thou mayst bear it in thy hands."

"When thou comest into a world of bustle and folly, hold the Lord fast

in thy heart."

"If any seek to veil from thee thy true feeling, pray to God for grace."

"Permit not thyself to stifle the light that springs up within thyself."

"Think often of the cross of Jesus; go forth and embrace it."

"As the dove found a resting-place in Noah's ark, so wilt thou, also,

find a resting-place which God has appointed for thee."

When she was put under the care of Kerner, she had been five years in

this state, and was reduced to such weakness, that she was, with

difficulty, sustained from hour to hour.

He thought at first it would be best to take no notice of her magnetic

states and directions, and told her he should not, but should treat her

with regard to her bodily symptoms, as he would any other invalid.

"At this time she fell every evening into magnetic sleep, and gave

orders about herself; to which, however, those round her no longer paid

attention.

I was now called in. I had never seen this woman, but had heard many

false or perverted accounts of her condition. I must confess that I

shared the evil opinion of the world as to her illness; that I advised

to pay no attention to her magnetic situation, and the orders she gave

in it; in her spasms, to forbear the laying of hands upon her; to deny

her the support of persons of stronger nerves; in short, to do all

possible to draw her out of the magnetic state, and to treat her with

attention, but with absolutely none but the common medical means.

These views were shared by my friend, Dr. Off, of Löwenstein, who

continued to treat her accordingly. But without good results.

Hemorrhage, spasms, night-sweats continued. Her gums were scorbutically

affected, and bled constantly; she lost all her teeth. Strengthening

remedies affected her like being drawn up from her bed by force; she

sank into a fear of all men, and a deadly weakness. Her death was to be

wished, but it came not. Her relations, in despair, not knowing

themselves what they could do with her, brought her, almost against my

will, to me at Weinsburg.

She was brought hither an image of death, perfectly emaciated, unable to

raise herself. Every three or four minutes, a teaspoonful of nourishment

must be given her, else she fell into faintness or convulsion. Her

somnambulic situation alternated with fever, hemorrhage, and

night-sweats. Every evening, about seven o'clock, she fell into magnetic

sleep. She then spread out her arms, and found herself, from that

moment, in a clairvoyant state; but only when she brought them back upon

her breast, did she begin to speak. (Kerner mentions that her child,

too, slept with its hands and feet crossed.) In this state her eyes were

shut, her face calm and bright. As she fell asleep, the first night

after her arrival, she asked for me, but I bade them tell her that I

now, and in future, should speak to her only when awake.

After she awoke, I went to her and declared, in brief and earnest terms,

that I should pay no attention to what she said in sleep, and that her

somnambulic state, which had lasted so long to the grief and trouble of

her family, must now come to an end. This declaration I accompanied by

an earnest appeal, designed to awaken a firm will in her to put down the

excessive activity of brain that disordered her whole system.

Afterwards, no address was made to her on any subject when in her

sleep-waking state. She was left to lie unheeded. I pursued a

homoeopathic treatment of her case. But the medicines constantly

produced effects opposite to what I expected. She now suffered less from

spasm and somnambulism, but with increasing marks of weakness and

decay. All seemed as if the end of her sufferings drew near. It was too

late for the means I wished to use. Affected so variously and powerfully

by magnetic means in the first years of her illness, she had now no life

more, so thoroughly was the force of her own organization exhausted, but

what she borrowed from others. In her now more infrequent magnetic

trance, she was always seeking the true means of her cure. It was

touching to see how, retiring within herself, she sought for help. The

physician who had aided her so little with his drugs, must often stand

abashed before this inner physician, perceiving it to be far better

skilled than himself."

After some weeks forbearance, Kerner did ask her in her sleep what he

should do for her. She prescribed a magnetic treatment, which was found

of use. Afterwards, she described a machine, of which there is a drawing

in this book, which she wished to have made for her use; it was so, and

she derived benefit from it. She had indicated such a machine in the

early stages of her disease, but at that time no one attended to her. By

degrees she grew better under this treatment, and lived at Weinsberg,

nearly two years, though in a state of great weakness, and more in the

magnetic and clairvoyant than in the natural human state.

How his acquaintance with her affected the physician, he thus expresses:

"During those last months of her abode on the earth, there remained to

her only the life of a sylph. I have been interested to record, not a

journal of her sickness, but the mental phenomena of such an almost

disembodied life. Such may cast light on the period when also our Psyche

may unfold her wings, free from bodily bonds, and the hindrances of

space and time. I give facts; each reader may interpret them in his own

way.

The manuals of animal magnetism and other writings have proposed many

theories by which to explain such. All these are known to me. I shall

make no reference to them, but only, by use of parallel facts here and

there, show that the phenomena of this case recall many in which there

is nothing marvellous, but which are manifestly grounded in our common

existence. Such apparitions cannot too frequently, if only for moments,

flash across that common existence, as electric lights from the higher

world.

Frau H. was, previous to my magnetic treatment, in so deep a somnambulic

life, that she was, in fact, never rightly awake, even when she seemed

to be; or rather, let us say, she was at all times more awake than

others are; for it is strange to term sleep this state which is just

that of the clearest wakefulness. Better to say she was immersed in the

inward state.

In this state and the consequent excitement of the nerves, she had

almost wholly lost organic force, and received it only by transmission

from those of stronger condition, principally from their eyes and the

ends of the fingers. The atmosphere and nerve communications of others,

said she, bring me the life which I need; they do not feel it; these

effusions on which I live, would flow from them and be lost, if my

nerves did not attract them; only in this way can I live.

She often assured us that others did not suffer by loss of what they

imparted to her; but it cannot be denied that persons were weakened by

constant intercourse with her, suffered from contraction in the limbs,

trembling, &c. They were weakened also in the eyes and pit of the

stomach. From those related to her by blood, she could draw more benefit

than from others, and, when very weak, from them only; probably on

account of a natural affinity of temperament. She could not bear to have

around her nervous and sick persons; those from whom she could gain

nothing made her weaker.

Even so it is remarked that flowers soon lose their beauty near the

sick, and suffer peculiarly under the contact or care of some persons.

Other physicians, beside myself, can vouch that the presence of some

persons affected her as a pabulum vitae, while, if left with certain

others or alone, she was sure to grow weaker.

From the air, too, she seemed to draw a peculiar ethereal nourishment of

the same sort; she could not remain without an open window in the

severest cold of winter.[1]

[Footnote 1: Near us, this last winter, a person who suffered, and

finally died, from spasms like those of the Seherin,

also found relief from having the windows open, while

the cold occasioned great suffering to his attendants.]

The spirit of things, about which we have no perception, was sensible to

her, and had influence on her; she showed this sense of the spirit of

metals, plants, animals, and men. Imponderable existences, such as the

various colors of the ray, showed distinct influences upon her. The

electric fluid was visible and sensible to her when it was not to us.

Yea! what is incredible! even the written words of men she could

discriminate by touch.[2]

[Footnote 2: Facts of the same kind are asserted of late among

ourselves, and believed, though "incredible."]

These experiments are detailed under their several heads in the book.

From her eyes flowed a peculiar spiritual light which impressed even

those who saw her for a very short time. She was in each relation more

spirit than human.

Should we compare her with anything human, we would say she was as one

detained at the moment of dissolution, betwixt life and death; and who

is better able to discern the affairs of the world that lies before,

than that behind him.

She was often in situations when one who had, like her, the power of

discerning spirits, would have seen her own free from the body, which at

all times enveloped it only as a light veil. She saw herself often out

of the body; saw herself double. She would say, "I seem out of myself,

hover above my body, and think of it as something apart from myself. But

it is not a pleasant feeling, because I still sympathize with my body.

If only my soul were bound more firmly to the nerve-spirit, it might be

bound more closely with the nerves themselves; but the bond of my

nerve-spirit is always becoming looser."

She makes a distinction between spirit as the pure intelligence; soul,

the ideal of this individual man; and nerve-spirit, the dynamic of his

temporal existence.

Of this feeling of double identity, an invalid, now wasting under

nervous disease, often speaks to me. He has it when he first awakes from

sleep. Blake, the painter, whose life was almost as much a series of

trances as that of our Seherin, in his designs of the Resurrection,

represents spirits as rising from, or hovering over, their bodies in the

same way.

Often she seemed quite freed from her body, and to have no more sense of

its weight.

As to artificial culture, or dressing, (dressur,) Frau H. had nothing of

it. She had learned no foreign tongue, neither history, nor geography,

nor natural philosophy, nor any other of those branches now imparted to

those of her sex in their schools. The Bible and hymn-book were,

especially in the long years of her sickness, her only reading: her

moral character was throughout blameless; she was pious without

fanaticism. Even her long suffering, and the peculiar manner of it, she

recognized as the grace of God; as she expresses in the following

verses:

Great God! how great is thy goodness,

To me thou hast given faith and love,

Holding me firm in the distress of my sufferings.

In the darkness of my sorrow,

I was so far led away,

As to beg for peace in speedy death.

But then came to me the mighty strong faith;

Hope came; and came eternal love;

They shut my earthly eyelids.

When, O bliss!

Dead lies my bodily frame,

But in the inmost mind a light burns up,

Such as none knows in the waking life.

Is it a light? no! but a sun of grace!

Often in the sense of her sufferings, while in the magnetic trance, she

made prayers in verse, of which this is one:

Father, hear me!

Hear my prayer and supplication.

Father, I implore thee,

Let not thy child perish!

Look on my anguish, my tears.

Shed hope into my heart, and still its longing,

Father, on thee I call; have pity!

Take something from me, the sick one, the poor one.

Father, I leave thee not,

Though sickness and pain consume me.

If I the spring's light,

See only through the mist of tears,

Father, I leave thee not.

These verses lose their merit of a touching simplicity in an unrhymed

translation; but they will serve to show the habitual temper of her

mind.

"As I was a maker of verses," continues Dr. Kerner, "it was easy to say,

Frau H. derived this talent from my magnetic influence; but she made

these little verses before she came under my care." Not without deep

significance was Apollo distinguished as being at once the God of poesy,

of prophecy, and the medical art. Sleep-waking develops the powers of

seeing, healing, and poesy. How nobly the ancients understood the inner

life; how fully is it indicated in their mysteries?

I know a peasant maiden, who cannot write, but who, in the magnetic

state, speaks in measured verse.

Galen was indebted to his nightly dreams for a part of his medical

knowledge.

The calumnies spread about Frau H. were many and gross; this she well

knew. As one day she heard so many of these as to be much affected by

them, we thought she would express her feelings that night in the

magnetic sleep, but she only said "they can affect my body, but not my

spirit." Her mind, raised above such assaults by the consciousness of

innocence, maintained its tranquillity and dwelt solely on spiritual

matters.

Once in her sleep-waking she wrote thus:

When the world declares of me

Such cruel ill in calumny,

And to your ears it finds a way,

Do you believe it, yea or nay?

I answered:

To us thou seemest true and pure,

Let others view it as they will;

We have our assurance still

If our own sight can make us sure.

People of all kinds, to my great trouble, were always pressing to see

her. If we refused them access to the sick room, they avenged

themselves by the invention of all kinds of falsehoods.

She met all with an equal friendliness, even when it cost her bodily

pain, and those who defamed her, she often defended. There came to her

both good and bad men. She felt the evil in men clearly, but would not

censure; lifted up a stone to cast at no sinner, but was rather likely

to awake, in the faulty beings she suffered near her, faith in a

spiritual life which might make them better.

Years before she was brought to me, the earth, with its atmosphere, and

all that is about and upon it, human beings not excepted, was no more

for her. She needed, not only a magnetizer, not only a love, an

earnestness, an insight, such as scarce lies within the capacity of any

man, but also what no mortal could bestow upon her, another heaven,

other means of nourishment, other air than that of this earth. She

belonged to the world of spirits, living here herself, as more than half

spirit. She belonged to the state after death, into which she had

advanced more than half way.

It is possible she might have been brought back to an adaptation for

this world in the second or third year of her malady; but, in the fifth,

no mode of treatment could have effected this. But by care she was aided

to a greater harmony and clearness of the inward life; she enjoyed at

Weinsberg, as she after said, the richest and happiest days of this

life, and to us her abode here remains a point of light.

As to her outward form, we have already said it seemed but a thin veil

about her spirit. She was little, her features of an oriental cast, her

eye had the penetrating look of a seer's eye, which was set off by the

shade of long dark eyelashes. She was a light flower that only lived on

rays.

Eschenmayer writes thus of her in his "Mysteries."

"Her natural state was a mild, friendly earnestness, always disposed to

prayer and devotion; her eye had a highly spiritual expression, and

remained, notwithstanding her great sufferings, always bright and clear.

Her look was penetrating, would quickly change in the conversation, seem

to give forth sparks, and remain fixed on some one place,--this was a

token that some strange apparition fettered it,--then would she resume

the conversation. When I first saw her, she was in a situation which

showed that her bodily life could not long endure, and that recovery to

the common natural state was quite impossible. Without visible

derangement of the functions, her life seemed only a wick glimmering in

the socket. She was, as Kerner truly describes her, like one arrested in

the act of dying and detained in the body by magnetic influences. Spirit

and soul seemed often divided, and the spirit to have taken up its abode

in other regions, while the soul was yet bound to the body."

I have given these extracts as being happily expressive of the relation

between the physician and the clairvoyant, also of her character.

It seems to have been one of singular gentleness, and grateful piety,

simple and pure, but not at all one from which we should expect

extraordinary development of brain in any way; yet the excitement of her

temperament from climate, scenery, the influence of traditions which

evidently flowed round her, and a great constitutional impressibility

did develop in her brain the germs both of poetic creation and science.

I say poetic creation, for, to my mind, the ghosts she saw were

projections of herself into objective reality. The Hades she imagines is

based in fact, for it is one of souls, who, having neglected their

opportunities for better life, find themselves left forlorn, helpless,

seeking aid from beings still ignorant and prejudiced, perhaps much

below themselves in natural powers. Having forfeited their chance of

direct access to God, they seek mediation from the prayers of men. But

in the coloring and dress[3] of these ghosts, as also in their manner

and mode of speech, there is a great deal which seems merely

fanciful--local and peculiar.

[Footnote 3: The women ghosts all wear veils, put on the way admired

by the Italian poets, of whom, however, she could know

nothing.]

To me, these interviews represent only prophecies of her mind; yet,

considered in this way, they are, if not ghostly, spiritual facts of

high beauty, and which cast light on the state of the soul after its

separation from the body. Her gentle patience with them, her steady

reference to a higher cause, her pure joy, when they became white in the

light of happiness obtained through aspiration, are worthy of a more

than half enfranchised angel.

As to the stories of mental correspondence and visits to those still

engaged in this world, such as are told of her presentiment of her

father's death, and connexion with him in the last moments, these are

probably pure facts. Those who have sufficient strength of affection to

be easily disengaged from external impressions and habits, and who dare

trust their mental impulses are familiar with such.

Her invention of a language seems a simply natural motion of the mind

when left to itself. The language we habitually use is so broken, and so

hackneyed by ages of conventional use, that, in all deep states of

being, we crave one simple and primitive in its stead. Most persons make

one more or less clear from looks, tones, and symbols:--this woman, in

the long leisure of her loneliness, and a mind bent upon itself,

attempted to compose one of letters and words. I look upon it as no gift

from without, but a growth from her own mind.

Her invention of a machine, of which she made a drawing, her power of

drawing correctly her life-circle, and sun-circle, and the mathematical

feeling she had of her existence, in correspondent sections of the two,

are also valuable as mental facts. These figures describe her history

and exemplify the position of mathematics toward the world of creative

thought.

Every fact of mental existence ought to be capable of similar

demonstration. I attach no especial importance to her circles:--we all

live in such; all who observe themselves have the same sense of

exactness and harmony in the revolutions of their destiny. But few

attend to what is simple and invariable in the motions of their minds,

and still fewer seek out means clearly to express them to others.

Goethe has taken up these facts in his Wanderjahre, where he speaks of

his Macaria; also, one of these persons who are compensated for bodily

infirmity by a more concentrated and acute state of mind, and consequent

accesses of wisdom, as being bound to a star. When she was engaged by a

sense of these larger revolutions, she seemed to those near her on the

earth, to be sick; when she was, in fact, lower, but better adapted to

the details and variations of an earthly life, these said she was well.

Macaria knew the sun and life circles, also, the lives of spirit and

soul, as did the forester's daughter of Prevorst.

Her power of making little verses was one of her least gifts. Many

excitable persons possess this talent at versification, as all may

possess it. It is merely that a certain exaltation of feeling raises the

mode of expression with it, in the same way as song differs from speech.

Verses of this sort do not necessarily demand the high faculties that

constitute the poet,--the creative powers. Many verses, good ones, are

personal or national merely. Ballads, hymns, love-lyrics, have often no

claim differing from those of common prose speech, to the title of

poems, except a greater keenness and terseness of expression.

The verses of this Seherin are of the simplest character, the natural

garb for the sighs or aspirations of a lonely heart. She uses the

shortest words, the commonest rhymes, and the verses move us by their

nature and truth alone.

The most interesting of these facts to me, are her impressions from

minerals and plants. Her impressions coincide with many ancient

superstitions.

The hazel woke her immediately and gave her more power, therefore the

witch with her hazel wand, probably found herself superior to those

around her. We may also mention, in reference to witchcraft, that Dr. K.

asserts that, in certain moods of mind, she had no weight, but was

upborne upon water, like cork, thus confirming the propriety, and

justice of our forefathers' ordeal for witchcraft!

The laurel produced on her the highest magnetic effect, therefore the

Sibyls had good reasons for wearing it on their brows.

"The laurel had on her, as on most sleep-wakers, a distinguished

magnetic effect. We thus see why the priestess at Delphi, previous to

uttering her oracles, shook a laurel tree, and then seated herself on a

tripod covered with laurel boughs. In the temple of Aesculapius, and

others, the laurel was used to excite sleep and dream."

From grapes she declared impressions, which corresponded with those

caused by the wines made from them. Many kinds were given her, one after

the other, by the person who raised them, and who gives a certificate as

to the accuracy of her impressions, and his belief that she could not

have derived them from any cause, but that of the touch.

She prescribed vegetable substances to be used in her machine, (as a

kind of vapor bath,) and with good results to herself.

She enjoyed contact with minerals, deriving from those she liked a sense

of concentrated life. Her impressions of the precious stones,

corresponded with many superstitions of the ancients, which led to the

preference of certain gems for amulets, on which they had engraved

talismanic figures.

The ancients, in addition to their sense of the qualities that

distinguish the diamond above all gems, venerated it as a talisman

against wild beasts, poison, and evil spirits, thus expressing the

natural influence of what is so enduring, bright, and pure. Townshend,

speaking of the effect of gems on one of his sleep-wakers, said, she

loved the diamond so much that she would lean her forehead towards it,

whenever it was brought near her.

It is observable that these sleep-wakers, in their prescriptions,

resemble the ancient sages, who culled only simples for the sick. But if

they have this fine sense, also, for the qualities of animal and mineral

substances, there is no reason why they should not turn bane to

antidote, and prescribe at least homeopathic doses of poison, to restore

the diseased to health.

The Seherin ascribed different states to the right and left sides of

every body, even of the lady moon. The left is most impressible. Query:

Is this the reason why the left hand has been, by the custom of nations,

so almost disused, because the heart is on the left side?

She also saw different sights in the left from the right eye. In the

left, the bodily state of the person; in the right, his real or destined

self, how often unknown to himself, almost always obscured or perverted

by his present ignorance or mistake. She had also the gift of second

sight. She saw the coffins of those about to die. She saw in mirrors,

cups of water; in soap-bubbles, the coming future.

We are here reminded of many beautiful superstitions and legends; of the

secret pool in which the daring may, at mid-moon of night, read the

future; of the magic globe, on whose pure surface Britomart sees her

future love, whom she must seek, arrayed in knightly armor, through a

difficult and hostile world.

A looking-glass, right wondrously aguized,

Whose virtues through the wyde world soon were solemnized.

It vertue had to show in perfect sight,

Whatever thing was in the world contayned,

Betwixt the lowest earth and hevens hight;

So that it to the looker appertayned,

Whatever foe had wrought, or friend had fayned,

Herein discovered was, ne ought mote pas,

Ne ought in secret from the same remayned;

Forthy it round and hollow shaped was,

Like to the world itselfe, and seemed a World of Glas.

_Faerie Queene, Book III_.

Such mirrors had Cornelius Agrippa and other wizards. The soap-bubble is

such a globe; only one had need of second sight or double sight to see

the pictures on so transitory a mirror. Perhaps it is some vague

expectation of such wonders, that makes us so fond of blowing them in

childish years. But, perhaps, it is rather as a prelude to the

occupation of our lives, blowing bubbles where all things may be seen,

that, "to the looker appertain," if we can keep them long enough or look

quick enough.

In short, were this biography of no other value, it would be most

interesting as showing how the floating belief of nations, always no

doubt shadowing forth in its imperfect fashion the poetic facts with

their scientific exposition, is found to grow up anew in a simple, but

high-wrought nature.

The fashioning spirit, working upwards from the clod to man, proffers as

its last, highest essay, the brain of man. In the lowest zoophyte it

aimed at this; some faint rudiments may there be discerned: but only in

man has it perfected that immense galvanic battery that can be loaded

from above, below, and around;--that engine, not only of perception, but

of conception and consecutive thought,--whose right hand is memory,

whose life is idea, the crown of nature, the platform from which spirit

takes-wing.

Yet, as gradation is the beautiful secret of nature, and the fashioning

spirit, which loves to develop and transcend, loves no less to moderate,

to modulate, and harmonize, it did not mean by thus drawing man onward

to the next state of existence, to destroy his fitness for this. It did

not mean to destroy his sympathies with the mineral, vegetable, and

animal realms, of whose components he is in great part composed; which

were the preface to his being, of whom he is to take count, whom he

should govern as a reasoning head of a perfectly arranged body. He was

meant to be the historian, the philosopher, the poet, the king of this

world, no less than the prophet of the next.

These functions should be in equipoise, and when they are not, when we

see excess either on the natural (so called as distinguished from the

spiritual,) or the spiritual side, we feel that the law is transgressed.

And, if it be the greatest sorrow to see brain merged in body, to see a

man more hands or feet than head, so that we feel he might, with

propriety, be on all fours again, or even crawl like the serpent; it is

also sad to see the brain, too much excited on some one side, which we

call madness, or even unduly and prematurely, so as to destroy in its

bloom, the common human existence of the person, as in the case before

us, and others of the poetical and prophetical existence.

We would rather minds should foresee less and see more surely, that

death should ensue by gentler gradation, and the brain be the governor

and interpreter, rather than the destroyer, of the animal life. But, in

cases like this, where the animal life is prematurely broken up, and the

brain prematurely exercised, we may as well learn what we can from it,

and believe that the glimpses thus caught, if not as precious as the

full view, are bright with the same light, and open to the same scene.

There is a family character about all the German ghosts. We find the

same features in these stories as in those related by Jung Stilling and

others. They bear the same character as the pictures by the old masters,

of a deep and simple piety. She stands before as, this piety, in a full,

high-necked robe, a simple, hausfrauish cap, a clear, straightforward

blue eye. These are no terrible, gloomy ghosts with Spanish mantle or

Italian dagger. We feel quite at home with them, and sure of their good

faith.

To the Seherin, they were a real society, constantly inspiring good

thoughts. The reference to them in these verses, written in her journal

shortly before her death, is affecting, and shows her deep sense of

their reality. She must have felt that she had been a true friend to

them, by refusing always, as she did, requests she thought wrong, and

referring them to a Saviour.

Farewell, my friends,

All farewell,

God bless you for your love--

Bless you for your goodness.

All farewell!

And you, how shall I name you?

Who have so saddened me,

I will name you also--Friends;

You have been discipline to me.

Farewell! farewell!

Farewell! you my dear ones,

Soon will you know[4]

How hard have been my sufferings

In the Pilgrim land.

Farewell!

Let it not grieve you,

That my woes find an end;

Farewell, dear ones,

Till the second meeting;

Farewell! Farewell!

[Footnote 4: The physician thought she here referred to the

examination of her body that would take place after

her death. The brain was found to be sound, though

there were marks of great disease elsewhere.]

In this journal her thoughts dwell much upon those natural ties which

she was not permitted to enjoy. She thought much of her children, and

often fancied she had saw the one who had died, growing in the spirit

land. Any allusion to them called a sweet smile on her face when in her

trance.

Other interesting poems are records of these often beautiful visions,

especially of that preceding her own death; the address to her

life-circle, the thought of which is truly great, (this was translated

in the Dublin Magazine,) and descriptions of her earthly state as an

imprisonment. The story of her life, though stained like others, by

partialities, and prejudices, which were not justly distinguished from

what was altogether true and fair, is a poem of so pure a music;

presents such gentle and holy images, that we sympathize fully in the

love and gratitude Kerner and his friends felt towards her, as the

friend of their best life. She was a St. Theresa in her way.

His address to her, with which his volume closes, may thus be translated

in homely guise. In the original it has no merit, except as uttering his

affectionate and reverent feeling towards his patient, the peasant

girl,--"the sick one, the poor one." But we like to see how, from the

mouths of babes and sucklings, praise may be so perfected as to command

this reverence from the learned and worldly-wise.

Farewell; the debt I owe thee

Ever in heart I bear;

My soul sees, since I know thee,

The spirit depths so clear.

Whether in light or shade,

Thy soul now dwelling hath;

Be, if my faith should fade,

The guide upon my path.

Livest thou in mutual power,

With spirits blest and bright,

O be, in death's dark hour,

My help to heaven's light.

Upon thy grave is growing,

The plant by thee beloved,[5]

St. Johns-wort golden glowing,

Like St. John's thoughts of love.

Witness of sacred sorrow,

Whene'er thou meet'st my eye,

O flower, from thee I borrow,

Thoughts for eternity.

Farewell! the woes of earth

No more my soul affright;

Who knows their temporal birth

Can easy bear their weight.

[Footnote 5: She received great benefit from decoctions of this herb,

and often prescribed it to others.]

I do confess this is a paraphrase, not a translation, also, that in the

other extracts, I have taken liberties with the original for the sake

of condensation, and clearness. What I have written must be received as

a slight and conversational account, of the work.

Two or three other remarks, I had forgotten, may come in here.

The glances at the spirit-world have none of that large or universal

significance, none of that value from philosophical analogy, that is

felt in any picture by Swedenborg, or Dante, of permanent relations. The

mind of the forester's daughter was exalted and rapidly developed; still

the wild cherry tree bore no orange; she was not transformed into a

philosophic or poetic organization.

Yet many of her untaught notions remind of other seers of a larger

scope. She, too, receives this life as one link in a long chain; and

thinks that immediately after death, the meaning of the past life will

appear to us as one word.

She tends to a belief in the aromal state, and in successive existences

on this earth; for behind persons she often saw another being, whether

their form in the state before or after this, I know not; behind a woman

a man, equipped for fight, and so forth. Her perception of character,

even in cases of those whom she saw only as they passed her window, was

correct.

Kerner aims many a leaden sarcasm at those who despise his credulity. He

speaks of those sages as men whose brain is a glass table, incapable of

receiving the electric spark, and who will not believe, because, in

their mental isolation, they are incapable of feeling these facts.

Certainly, I think he would be dull, who could see no meaning or beauty

in the history of the forester's daughter of Prevorst. She lived but

nine-and-twenty years, yet, in that time, had traversed a larger portion

of the field of thought than all her race before, in their many and long

lives.

Of the abuses to which all these magical implements are prone, I have an

instance, since leaving Milwaukie, in the journal of a man equally

sincere, but not equally inspired, led from Germany hither by signs and

wonders, as a commissioned agent of Providence, who, indeed, has

arranged every detail of his life with a minuteness far beyond the

promised care of the sparrow. He props himself by spiritual aid from a

maiden now in this country, who was once an attendant on the Seeress,

and who seems to have caught from her the contagion of trance, but not

its revelations.

Do not blame me that I have written so much about Germany and Hades,

while you were looking for news of the West. Here, on the pier, I see

disembarking the Germans, the Norwegians, the Swedes, the Swiss. Who

knows how much of old legendary lore, of modern wonder, they have

already planted amid the Wisconsin forests? Soon, soon their tales of

the origin of things, and the Providence which rules them, will be so

mingled with those of the Indian, that the very oak trees will not know

them apart,--will not know whether itself be a Runic, a Druid, or a

Winnebago oak.

Some seeds of all growths that have ever been known in this world

might, no doubt, already be found in these Western wilds, if we had the

power to call them to life.

I saw, in the newspaper, that the American Tract Society boasted of

their agents' having exchanged, at a Western cabin door, tracts for the

Devil on Two Sticks, and then burnt that more entertaining than edifying

volume. No wonder, though, they study it there. Could one but have the

gift of reading the dreams dreamed by men of such various birth, various

history, various mind, it would afford much more extensive amusement

than did the chambers of one Spanish city!

Could I but have flown at night through such mental experiences, instead

of being shut up in my little bedroom at the Milwaukie boarding house,

this chapter would have been worth reading. As it is, let us hasten to a

close.

Had I been rich in money, I might have built a house, or set up in

business, during my fortnight's stay at Milwaukie, matters move on there

at so rapid a rate. But, being only rich in curiosity, I was obliged to

walk the streets and pick up what I could in casual intercourse. When I

left the street, indeed, and walked on the bluffs, or sat beside the

lake in their shadow, my mind was rich in dreams congenial to the scene,

some time to be realized, though not by me.

A boat was left, keel up, half on the sand, half in the water, swaying

with each swell of the lake. It gave a picturesque grace to that part of

the shore, as the only image of inaction--only object of a pensive

character to be seen. Near this I sat, to dream my dreams and watch the

colors of the Jake, changing hourly, till the sun sank. These hours

yielded impulses, wove webs, such as life will not again afford.

Returning to the boarding house, which was also a boarding school, we

were sure to be greeted by gay laughter.

This school was conducted by two girls of nineteen and seventeen years;

their pupils were nearly as old as themselves; the relation seemed very

pleasant between them. The only superiority--that of superior

knowledge--was sufficient to maintain authority--all the authority that

was needed to keep daily life in good order.

In the West, people are not respected merely because they are old in

years; people there have not time to keep up appearances in that way;

when they cease to have a real advantage in wisdom, knowledge, or

enterprise, they must stand back, and let those who are oldest in

character "go ahead," however few years they may count. There are no

banks of established respectability in which to bury the talent there;

no napkin of precedent in which to wrap it. What cannot be made to pass

current, is not esteemed coin of the realm.

To the windows of this house, where the daughter of a famous "Indian

fighter," i.e. fighter against the Indians, was learning French and the

piano, came wild, tawny figures, offering for sale their baskets of

berries. The boys now, instead of brandishing the tomahawk, tame their

hands to pick raspberries.

Here the evenings were much lightened by the gay chat of one of the

party, who, with the excellent practical sense of mature experience, and

the kindest heart, united a naiveté and innocence such as I never saw in

any other who had walked so long life's tangled path. Like a child, she

was everywhere at home, and like a child, received and bestowed

entertainment from all places, all persons. I thanked her for making me

laugh, as did the sick and poor, whom she was sure to find out in her

briefest sojourn in any place, for more substantial aid. Happy are those

who never grieve, and so often aid and enliven their fellow men!

This scene, however, I was not sorry to exchange for the much celebrated

beauties of the Island of Mackinaw.