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FOOTNOTES
[1]The first legislature of the state appointed a committee to report on
the derivation and definition of the names of the several counties
of California. The report is dated April 16, 1850, and from it is
quoted the following:
“In the month of June, 1806 (in one of their yearly excursions to
the valley of the rushes—Valle de los Tulares—with a view to hunt
elks), a party of Californians pitched their tents on a stream at
the foot of the Sierra Nevada, and whilst there, myriads of
butterflies, of the most gorgeous and variegated colors, clustered
on the surrounding trees, attracted their attention, from which
circumstance they gave the stream the appellation of Mariposa. Hence
Mariposa River, from which the county (also heavily laden with the
precious metal) derives its poetical name.”
[2]Foremost among the references is L. H. Bunnell’s _Discovery of the
Yosemite_, published in 1880. Bunnell was closely associated with
Savage during three of his most active years in the Mariposa region;
his account is intimate and rich in detail and unprejudiced. We
catch an interesting glimpse of Savage, the ’forty-niner, through
the pages also of George H. Tinkham’s _California Men and Events_.
Something additional of his gold mining and trading is gleaned from
the writings of W. E. Wilde and S. P. Elias. Elliott’s _History of
Fresno County_ contributes a number of authenticated incidents, and
J. M. Hutchings reveals matters regarding influences that
undoubtedly figured in his tragic death. United States Senate
documents record his official dealings with the Indians; L. A.
Winchell gives some information on his enemies; contemporary
newspapers describe his meeting with death; and finally _Depositions
from the Papers of Geo. W. Wright, One of Two First Congressmen from
California_, provides papers pertaining to the Court of Claims,
1858, in which appears sworn testimony regarding the shooting of
Savage. This last paper formed a part of the Boutwell Dunlap
Collection.
[3]Bell (1927) records that the photographer, Vance, made pictures of
Savage and his Indians on this occasion.
[4]A muster roll of the Mariposa Battalion appears in Elliott, 1881, and
in Russell, 1931, pp. 186-191.
[5]The Walker party, 1833, may have been the first to see the Merced
Grove. See p. 8. See also Wegner, J. H., _Yosemite Nature Notes_
(1930), p. 67.
[6]See Fannie Crippen Jones, “The Barnards in Yosemite,” MS in Yosemite
Museum.
[7]See Harwell, C. A., _Yosemite Nature Notes_, 1933, Vol. XII, No. 1.
[8]See Taylor, Mrs. H. J., _Yosemite Nature Notes_ (1929).
[9]Beatty, M. E. “History of the Firefall,” _Yosemite Nature Notes_
(1934), pp. 41-43; and Yosemite Park and Curry Co., 1940, _The
Firefall, Explanation and History_, Yosemite National Park, pp. 1-5.
[10]Camps at these spots first were established in the days of the
Desmond Park Service Company, 1916-1918.
[11]A road of sorts crossed Sonora Pass prior to this construction work.
Hittell (1911, p. 218) tells of Grizzly Adams’s trip through the
pass with a wagon in the Spring of 1854.
[12]See Farquhar, 1926, pp. 15-23.
[13]Joseph LeConte became a faculty member at the University of
California in 1869 and made his first trip to Yosemite in 1870. Of
that experience, he wrote, “This trip was almost an era in my life.”
For the rest of his life, he devoted much time to Sierra studies. He
died suddenly in the valley, July 6, 1901. The LeConte Memorial
Lodge in Yosemite Valley, built by the Sierra Club in 1903,
commemorates his work (see _Sierra Club Bulletin_, 1904, 1905;
Farquhar, 1926, pp. 30-32).
[14]Lt. Montgomery Meigs Macomb, assisted by J. C. Spiller and F. O.
Maxson, explored the Yosemite region in 1878 and 1879. Their work
was a part of the program of the U. S. Geographical Surveys West of
the 100th Meridian, Capt. George M. Wheeler in charge. This program
received the general direction of the Chief of Engineers, U. S.
Army. Macomb's field work yielded the data for a map which was
standard in the Yosemite region for many years (see U. S. War Dept.,
1879).
[15]In 1879, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey sent a
reconnaissance party into the Yosemite high country under the
leadership of George Davidson. Mount Conness was occupied on that
occasion and again in 1887 and 1890 (see p. 72; also Davidson,
1892).
[16]The United States Geological Survey was organized in 1879 under the
direction of Clarence King. In 1882 and 1883, a thorough study was
made of the Yosemite high country west of Mono Lake. Israel C.
Russell was in charge of this field work. Willard D. Johnson and
Grove Karl Gilbert assisted him. These men confirmed some of the
original work done by Muir and Joseph LeConte (See U. S. Geological
Survey, 1883-84, pp. 31-32, 303-328; 1886-87, I: 261-394; I. C.
Russell, 1897, pp. 37-54; Farquhar, 1926, p. 42).
[17]See Ralph H. Lewis, 1941 and 1945; Robert C. Robinson, 1940.
[18]Mount Conness, one of the outstanding peaks in the Tuolumne Meadows
region, was named for Senator John Conness by Clarence King, later
first director of the United States Geological Survey, but at the
time a member of the Whitney Survey. King and James T. Gardiner were
the first to climb the peak, making the ascent in 1864. Referring to
the mountain, King said that because of its “firm peak with titan
strength and brow so square and solid, it seems altogether natural
we should have named it for California’s statesman, John Conness.”
[19]_Congressional Globe_, May 17, 1864, p. 2301.
[20]_The Life and Letters of John Muir_, I: 207-208.
[21]Gabriel Sovulewski was born in Poland in 1866; he died Nov. 29,
1938. For a synopsis of his work and the activities of others in the
military administration, see “Administrative Officers of Yosemite,”
by C. Frank Brockman, _Yosemite Nature Notes_ (1944).
[22]Taylor, Mrs. H. J. “Hetch Hetchy Water Flows into San Francisco.”
_Yosemite Nature Notes_ (1934), pp. 89-91, Badè, W. F., “The Hetch
Hetchy Situation [Editorial],” _Sierra Club Bulletin_, 9 (1914): 3,
174.
[23]See Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 1933, pp. 158-159, for
account of the Stephen T. Mather Appreciation and the dedication of
Mather Memorial Plaques, presented by that organization.
[24]At that time called Lafayette National Park and since re-named when
it was extended to include a portion of the mainland.
_INDEX_
The following entries refer particularly to narrative pages. For further
references, see under appropriate date in Chronology.
_INDEX_
A
Abrams, LeRoy, 134
Acknowledgments, ix-xi
Adams, James Capen, 127, 134, 180
Adams, Virginia and Ansel, 73, 191
Administration, Yosemite, 146-175
Agua Fria, first Mariposa County seat, 12, 20, 24
Ahwahnee, Indian name for Yosemite Valley, 37.
_See also_ Camp Ahwahnee
Ahwahnee Hotel, 101, 115-116
Airplane, first in Yosemite Valley, 188
Albright, Horace M., biographical notes, 169-170
All-Year Highway, 86, 169-170, 188-189
_Alta California_, quoted, 26, 28, 38-39;
another use, 103
American Association of Museums, x-xi.
_See also_ Yosemite Museum
American [Planning and] Civic Association, 161
Anderson, George G., 79;
Trail of, 109
Arboretum, Wawona, 187
Aurora, mining town, 124, 127
Automobiles in Yosemite, 69
Ayres, Thomas, Yosemite sketches by, 48, 58, 147, 181
B
Badè, W. F., writings of, 153-154
Badger Pass, 91, 173, 191, 193
Ball, George A., 162
Barnard, J. K., 98.
_See also_ Sentinel Hotel
Barrett, Samuel A., 132
Beadle, J. H., quoted, 53-55, 103
Beardsley, Buck, 96
Beardsley and Hite. _See_ Upper Hotel
Beatty, M. E., 131, 136, 193
Bennetville. _See_ Tioga
Benson, Col. Harry C., 77, 159, 160;
quoted, 83
Benton, California, 124
Best, Harry C., 186, 191
Bierstadt, Albert, 181
Big Oak Flat: Trail, 52;
Road, 164-170
Big Oak Flat and Yosemite Turnpike Company, 63
Big Tree Room, 58
Big Trees: discovery, 8;
Mariposa Grove, 8;
Merced Grove, 8, 62;
writings about, 133-134;
Tuolumne Grove, 184
Big Trees Lodge, 113, 189, 191
Bigelow, Maj. John, 187
Black, A. G., 95, 96
Black Bart. _See_ Highwaymen
Black’s Hotel: Bull Creek, 101;
Yosemite Valley, 56, 96, 101, 123-128 _passim_
Bloody Canyon, 46, 74, 118, 119
Bodie: boom days of, 64-65, 118, 124;
mining district organized, 126;
relics, 128
Body, W. S., 125, 127
Boling, Captain John: and Mariposa Battalion, 25, 36, 180;
first entrance into Yosemite Valley of, 37;
first letter from Yosemite Valley by, 38, 180;
quoted, 38-39;
second entrance into Yosemite Valley of, 180
Bolles, Ida Savage, 16
Botanical studies in Yosemite, 133-134
Boutwell Dunlap collection, 16 n., 30
Bowditch, Mrs. Ernest W., 48
Boysen, J. T., 69, 193
Brace, Charles Loring, 97, 99;
quoted, 97-98, 99-100
Brewer, William H., 71, 78, 129, 130
Brockman, C. Frank, x, 136, 144;
quoted on trails, 82
Brooks, Joel H., investigated Savage killing, 30-32
Brower, David R., xi;
quoted, 87-91
Brusky, William, 118
Bryant, H. C., 136, 138-143 _passim_;
quoted, 140
Bumpus, H. C., 142, 193
Bunnell, L. H.: quoted on Walker, 7;
writings of, 14, 16;
quoted on Savage, 19-20;
quoted on mistreatment of Indians, 27;
and naming of Yosemite Valley, 37;
and naming of Tenaya Lake, 39;
Yosemite Valley surveyed by, 92;
trail built by Coulter and, 92;
and first house built in Yosemite, 55, 93;
quoted on first view of Yosemite, 146;
quoted on aesthetic appreciation of Yosemite, 147;
influence on Yosemite reservation, 147
Bureau of American Ethnology, 132
Burney, James, with volunteer Indian fighters, 24
Buwalda, John P., 131, 190
C
Cain, Mr. and Mrs. D. V., 128
Caine, Capt. J. E., 186
California Fish and Game Commission, 138, 140, 143, 185
_California Magazine._ _See_ J. M. Hutchings
California State Geological Survey, 71, 129.
_See also_ J. D. Whitney
Calkins, F. C., 131
Cammerer, Arno B., 173
Camp Ahwahnee, 112
Camp Curry, 111-113
Camp Lost Arrow, 112
Camp Yosemite, 112
Campbell, William J., and mistreatment of Indians, 28, 29
Camps, High Sierra. _See_ High Sierra Camps
Carl Inn Tract, 163, 171
Caton, J. D., quoted, 98
Cedar Cottage. _See_ Upper Hotel
Central Pacific Railroad, 63, 182
Chandler, Mrs. A. E., 40
Chapel, Yosemite Valley, 102
Chittenden, Hiram M., 157
Church Bowl, Yosemite, 191
Churchill, Caroline M., quoted, 102
Civilian Conservation Corps, 191, 192
Clark, Galen: papers of, 40;
established station now known as Wawona, 50-51;
as geologist, 130;
writings of, 133;
first Yosemite guardian, 150;
as surveyor, 180;
death of, 187;
memorial to, 187
Clark and Moore’s Hotel, 100
Clark’s (Galen) Ranch: as a resort, 99-101;
as headquarters, U. S. Army, 157.
_See also_ Wawona
Coarse Gold, 26
Colby, William E., 156-157
Cole, James E., 136
Commonwealth Club of California, 86
Conness, Mount, 72, 148
Conness, Senator John, 148
Conway, John, trail builder, 79, 80, 104, 108, 182, 183
Cook, J. J., 111
Cook, L. F., 134
Corcoran, May Stanislas, 11
Cosmopolitan saloon, 103-104
Coulter, George W., 52
Coulter and Murphy, 98.
_See also_ Sentinel Hotel
Coulterville: Trail, 52, 181;
Road, 53, 62, 63, 163-164
Coulterville and Yosemite Turnpike Company, 61, 62
Craig, Maj. L. A., 186
Cunningham, S. W., 93-96 _passim_
Curry, Mr. and Mrs. D. A., 111-113
D
Daniels, Mark, 161, 188
Davidson, Professor George, 71-72, 130
Davis, Milton F., 77, 159
Deer, hoof and mouth disease epidemic in, 189
Degnan’s bakery and store, 110
Del Portal Hotel, 187
Dennison, W. E., 184
Desmond Park Service Company, 109, 112
Devils Postpile, 171, 187
Dill, William, 25, 36
Dixon, Joseph, 135
Dodd, Derrick, 108-109
Drury, Newton B.: quoted, vii-viii;
and National Park Service wildlife policy, 137;
and Save-the-Redwoods League, 173;
appointed to Yosemite Advisory Board, 173;
Director, National Park Service, xii, 173-174
E
Eagle Peak Trail, 80
Earthquake in Yosemite Valley, 183
Echo Wall Trail, 185
Education Department. _See_ Yosemite Education Department, and
Park Naturalists
Electric power plant: Cascades, 168;
Happy Isles, 186
Eleven-Mile Trail, 104, 109
Elias, S. P., 16 n;
quoted, 17
Elk, California Valley: introduced into Yosemite, 189;
removed, 191
Elliott’s _History of Fresno County_, 16 n;
quoted, 29, 30
El Portal, 68.
_See_ All-Year Highway
Ernst, Emil, 134
Esmeralda Mining District, 126
Ethnological studies, 132-133
Eustis, Mrs. A. H., 49
Ewing, Frank B., 85
Exploration of Yosemite, 71-91
F
Farquhar, Francis P.: acknowledgment to, xi;
evaluation of Walker’s discovery of Yosemite, 7
Farrow, T. E., 113-114
Firefall, Glacier Point, 108, 112
First mountaineering ascents: Cathedral Peak, 78;
Mount Clark, 78;
Mount Conness, 78;
Mount Dana, 78;
Mount Hoffmann, 78;
Mount Lyell, 78, 191;
Half Dome, 79;
Cathedral Spires, 88;
routes on valley walls, 88;
Lost Arrow, 89
Fish. _See_ California Fish and Game Commission
Fiske, George, photographer, 40
Flood, Yosemite, 69-70
Foley, D. J., quoted, 66-68
Force, Lieut. Wm., 186
Forsyth, Major W. W., 77, 159
Fort Miller, 29, 46
Fort Yosemite, 160
Four-Mile Trail, 80-81, 108
Frémont, John Charles: visit to Yosemite region, 12;
home in Bear Valley, 13;
and Frémont Grant, 13;
Bear Flag party of, 18
French Company, the, 12, 13
Fresno Flats, 123, 124
G
Gale, Capt. G. H. G., 185
Gardiner, James T., 71, 78, 148 n
Garrard, Lt. Col. Jos., 187
Geological studies, 129-132
Gifford, E. W., 132
Glacier measuring, 190
Glacier Point: Mountain House, 107-109;
Hotel, 109;
passenger lift proposal, 109;
Road, 109, 170
Godfrey, Elizabeth H., x, 60, 133, 193
Goethe, C. M., 137, 138
Gold discovery, influence on Yosemite history, 10-13
Golden Crown Mine, 122
Gordon-Cumming, Lady, quoted, 108
Government Center, 189
Grazing: permitted in Yosemite, 188.
_See also_ Yosemite National Park, exploitation of
Great Sierra Mining Company, 119, 120
Greeley, Horace, 58
Grinnell, Joseph, 135
Grover, Stephen F., 40;
quoted, 40-45
Guidebooks, 73-74, 89
H
Habitation, first in Yosemite, 55, 93
Hall, Ansel F., xi, 135;
and establishment of Yosemite Museum, 140-141, 144
Hall, Harvey M. and Carlotta C., 134
Hall, Tommy, 104
Hamlin, C. J., and establishment of Yosemite Museum, 141
Harlow, Geo. T., 186
Harris, A., and Harris Camp Grounds, 106-107
Harvey, Walter H.: and death of Savage, 30-32;
and mistreatment of Indians, 28, 29
Harwell, C. A., x, 136, 144
Hein, Maj. O. L., 186
Hetch Hetchy Valley:
rights granted to San Francisco, 161, 187, 188;
as a reservoir, 161-162;
fight for preservation of, 162 n, 186;
discovery of, 179;
dam enlarged, 191
High Sierra Camps, 87, 113-115, 167, 191
High Sierra snow surveys, 190
High Sierra trails, 81, 82, 83-85
Highwaymen:
Black Bart, 66;
of the Chowchilla, 66-68
Hite, John, 52
Hite’s Cove route, 52, 93
Hoffmann, Charles F., 71, 78
Holbrook, J. C., quoted, 94
Holmes, A. E., quoted, 69
Holmes, L. A., editor, _Mariposa Gazette_, 50
Homer, L. L., 121
Homer Mining District, 121
_Homer Mining Index_, 119, 121, 122;
quoted, 119-120, 122
Hospital. _See_ Lewis Memorial Hospital, Ahwahnee Hotel (U. S.
Navy), and Yosemite Hospital (U. S. Army)
Hotels. _See_ Ahwahnee, Barnard’s, Big Trees Lodge, Black’s, Camp
Ahwahnee, Camp Curry, Camp Lost Arrow, Camp Yosemite,
Cedar Cottage, Clark and Moore’s, Clark’s Ranch,
Cosmopolitan, Coulter and Murphy, Del Portal, Glacier
Point, Harris Camp Grounds, High Sierra Camps, Hutchings
House, La Casa Nevada, Leidig’s, Lower, Oak Cottage,
Peregoy’s, River Cottage, Rock Cottage, Sentinel, Stoneman
House, Tuolumne Meadows Lodge, Upper, Wawona, Yosemite
Falls, Yosemite Lodge
Hotels and their keepers, 92-116
Howard, Maggie, 190, 193
Hubbard, Mrs. C. W., 48
Huntington, Ellsworth, 134
Hutchings, Emily A., quotation from, 59-60
Hutchings, Florence, 182
Hutchings, James Mason:
writings of, 16, 50, 56, 57;
quoted, 35, 56, 78;
and first interest in Yosemite, 48, 56, 80, 91, 96-98;
Yosemite publicity, 50, 147, 151;
home in Yosemite of, 57, 98;
as hotel proprietor, 58;
as guardian of Yosemite Grant, 59, 152, 184;
death of, 59;
and trails, 80;
and litigation concerning Yosemite holdings, 96, 98, 149-152;
orchard, 98;
as guide, 107
“Hutchings,” Tom, 48
Hutchings House: applied to Cedar Cottage, Oak Cottage, River
Cottage, Rock Cottage, Sentinel Hotel, Upper Hotel, which
see
I
Indian Canyon Trail, 80
Indian Commissioners, 36
Indian exhibit in Yosemite, 190, 193
Indian trails, 74-77
Indian tribes of Yosemite region:
Ah-wah-nee-chees, 12, 132;
Chowchillas, 22, 76, 77;
Chukchansi, 22, 75, 76, 77;
Miwoks, 74, 75, 76, 132;
Mono, 46, 47, 76;
Nuchu, 36, 99;
Southern Miwok, 75;
Yokuts, 75, 76
Indians of Yosemite region:
first clash between whites and, 24-25;
murders preceding Yosemite Indian War by, 24;
and Mariposa Indian War, 24;
treaties with, 26;
reservations for, 26, 28, 35, 36, 40;
mistreatment of, 27, 28;
effect of Savage’s death upon, 33-34;
dealings with Indian agents, 36;
Wawona campsite of Nuchus, 36, 99
Indians of Yosemite Valley:
attack on Savage’s trading post, 24;
participation in Mariposa Indian War, 24;
and failure to sign treaty, 26, 36;
first surrender to whites, 36;
return to Yosemite Valley, 40;
attack on prospectors, 40-45;
strife with Mono Indians, 46-48;
second surrender to whites, 180;
interview with last survivor of original band of, _see_
Lebrado
Ireland, Louise Savage, 16, 34
J
Jepson, Willis L., 133, 134
John Muir Trail, 83-85
Johnson, Robert Underwood, editor of _Century Magazine_, 155
Johnston, Adam, quoted, 77
Jorgensen, Chris, 186, 191
Juarez, Chief José, 22-24
K
Kat, William, 88
Kemp, J. C., 119
“Kenneyville” property, 101
King, Clarence:
as geologist, 71, 129;
as mountaineer, 78;
as mapper, 95, 148 n;
quoted, 95-96
Kittredge, Frank A.:
acknowledgment to, xi;
quoted, 171;
biographical notes, 172-173
Kroeber, A. L.:
cited, 75;
writings of, 132
Kuykendall, John J., 25, 36
L
La Casa Nevada, 80, 104-105
Lake, W. B., quoted, 106-107
Lake Mining District, 123
Lamon, James C., first homesteader, 147-150 _passim_
Lebrado, Maria, last survivor of Yosemites, 25, 47-48
LeConte, J. N., 72, 84, 130, 182, 193
LeConte, Joseph:
as geologist, 130;
first Yosemite trip, 205;
memorial lectures, 188
LeConte Memorial Lodge, 83, 130, 186
Ledge Trail, 107, 188
Leevining Canyon, 46, 122
Leidig, G. F., 95, 101
Leidig’s Hotel, 101-103
Lembert, John B., 119, 185.
_See also_ Tuolumne Soda Springs
Leonard, Archie, 122, 161
Leonard, Richard M., 89
Leonard, Zenas:
as trapper, 4-5;
clerk of Walker party, author of earliest Yosemite document,
5, 6-7, 8
Lewis, Washington B., biographical notes, 167-169
Lewis Memorial Hospital, 190
Littebrant, Major William T., 161
Little Yosemite Trail, 104
Lodges. _See_ Hotels
Longhurst, Peter, 95
Lower Hotel, 56, 93-96
Lundy, 119, 121, 122
Lundy, W. J., 121
M
McCauley, James:
and Glacier Point Mountain House, 108-109;
originator of firefall, 108;
trail builder, 79, 80, 107-108
McClure, Lieut., N. F., 77, 159
McCord, Mark L., 185
McDuffie, Duncan, and Yosemite Advisory Board, 190
McHenry, Donald Edward, 144
McLean, Dr. John T., 61, 62, 63;
quoted, 62
Macomb, Lieut. M. M., 71, 130
Mammoth City, 123, 124
Mammoth City-Fresno Trail, 123-124
_Mammoth City Herald_, 123, 125
_Mammoth City Times_, 123
Mann Brothers, Houston and Milton, 50, 51, 92
Maps, 71-73, 77
Maria, last of Yosemites. _See_ Lebrado
Mariposa:
history of, 11, 179;
origin of name, 11-12 n;
pioneers of, 11-12
Mariposa Battalion, 25-26, 36
Mariposa-El Portal-Yosemite Valley Road. _See_ All-Year Highway
Mariposa Estate, 13, 92, 179
_Mariposa Gazette_ and first printed description of Yosemite, 50
Mariposa Grove of Big Trees:
in State Park, 148-149;
discovery, 180;
explored by Galen Clark, 181;
log cabin, 185;
Museum, 190
Mariposa-Hite’s Cove Road, 52
Mariposa [Indian] Trail, 51, 52, 99
Mariposa Indian War. _See_ Indians of Yosemite Valley
Mariposa-Wawona-Yosemite Valley Road, 63
Marshall, James W., 10
Marshall, R. B., 72, 188
Marvin, Judge John G., 30, 31, 32
Master Plan of Yosemite National Park, 80, 86, 174-175
Mather, Stephen T.:
Mountain Party of 1916, 85;
and John Muir Trail, 85;
and National Park Service educational program, 137-138;
appointed Director of National Park Service, 161;
Tioga Road purchased by, 164;
biographical notes, 164-167, 168-173 _passim_
Matthes, François E., 73, 131
May Lundy Mine, 122
Memorials:
J. D. Savage placque, 35;
LeConte Lodge, 130;
Galen Clark seat, 187;
LeConte lectures, 188;
Parsons Lodge, 188;
Lewis Hospital, 190
Merced Grove of Big Trees, 8
Merced-Wawona Road, 101
Merriam, C. Hart, 132
Merriam, John C., 142
Merriam, Lawrence C., 171-172, 192
Michael, Charles, 88
Michael, Enid, 134-135, 189
Miller, Adolph C., 161
Miller, Loye H., 138;
quoted, 138-140
Mills, Cosie Hutchings (Mrs. Gertrude Hutchings), 59, 60
Mining Districts. _See_ Bodie, Esmeralda, Homer, Lake, Montgomery,
Mount Hoffmann, Tioga
Mono Diggings, 118
Mono Indians, strife with Yosemites, 46-48
Mono region mining, 117-128
Mono Trail, 46, 74, 118
_Mono Weekly Messenger_, 125
Monoville, 118
Montgomery Mining District, 124
Moore, Edwin, 100
Moore, Lieut. Tredwell:
and attack on Yosemite Indians, 46;
Mono explorations of, 46, 117
Moran, Thomas, art collection, 191
Motor vehicles. _See_ Automobiles
Mountain View House. _See_ Peregoy’s
Mountaineering, 26, 78-79, 87-89;
National Park Service policy on, 89.
_See also_ First mountaineering ascents
Mount Dana Summit Mine, 120-121
Mount Hoffmann Mining District, 184
Muir, John:
as mountaineer, 78, 79, 88;
quoted, 79;
as explorer, 84, 182;
death, 84, 188;
as geologist, 130;
writings, 133-134, 155, 183;
as teacher of Yosemite values, 138, 152-156;
as sheepherder in Yosemite, 152-153;
“lumbering operation” of, 153;
in the employ of Hutchings, 153-154;
quoted on his Yosemite cabin by Badè, 153-154.
_See also_ Sierra Club
Muir Trail. _See_ John Muir Trail
Murphy, John L., 184, 185
Museum of Vertebrate Zoölogy, University of California, 135
N
Nature guiding, 138-141
Neal, Mr. and Mrs. John H., 94
Nuchu Indian camp, 36, 99
O
Oak Cottage, 98
Oastler, Frank R., 141
Olmsted, Frederick Law (elder):
as superintendent of Mariposa Estate, 13;
as chairman, first Board of Yosemite Commissioners, 13, 149;
quoted, 149
Olmsted, Frederick Law (younger):
as National Park Service Collaborator, 14;
appointed to Yosemite Advisory Board, 14
Orchards in Yosemite Valley:
Hutchings’, 98;
Lamon’s, 148
Ostrander Lake Ski Hut, 91, 192
Ostrander’s, 51
P
Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., 187
Packing (animals), 53, 87
Pardee, Gov. Geo. C., 187
Park Naturalists of Yosemite, 144
Parker, Harry C., 136
Parsons Memorial Lodge, 188
Passes used by Indians, 76
Peregoy, Charles E., 51, 105, 107
Peregoy’s Hotel, 51, 105-106
Photographs, first of Yosemite Valley, 56-57
Pilgrim Society, 126
Pine City, 123
Porter, Mrs. Sarah Seton, 17
Presidents visiting Yosemite:
Theodore Roosevelt, 156, 187;
Hayes, 184;
Franklin D. Roosevelt, 192
Presnall, C. C., 136
Private lands. _See_ Yosemite National Park, private lands
R
Radio communications, 191
Railroads:
Central Pacific, 63;
connections with stage routes, 63;
Yosemite Valley, 68, 69-70
Raker, John E., 161-162
Rangers, 158;
organization of, 161;
club house, 189
Raymond, I. W., and Yosemite Grant, 182
Research Reserves, 190
River Cottage, 98
Road policy:
and realignment, 86;
obliteration, 86;
and mountain wilderness values, 86
Roads. _See_ All-Year Highway, Big Oak Flat, Coulterville, El
Portal-Yosemite Valley, Glacier Point, Mariposa-Hite’s
Cove, Mariposa-Wawona-Yosemite Valley, Sonora Pass, Tioga,
Wawona-Merced
Robinson, Charles D., 184
Rock Cottage, 98
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 162
Rockefeller, Laura Spelman Memorial. _See_ Yosemite Museum
Rodgers, Capt. Alexander, 77, 185
Roosevelt, Theodore, and Antiquities Act of 1906, 156
Rosenblatt, Arthur, 57
Rucker, Maj. L. J., 186
Russell, Carl P., 135, 144
Russell, I. C., 130
S
Saddle parties, 50-60
_San Francisco Daily Herald_, quoted, 29, 32, 33-34
Savage, James D.:
as trader, 14;
trading posts, 14, 19, 20-21, 23, 24, 25, 26;
role as discoverer of Yosemite Valley, 15;
boyhood, 17;
marriage, 17, 21;
arrival in California, 18;
champion of Indians, 18, 29;
intimacy with Indians, 18, 21;
as white chief of the foothills, 18-35;
associated with Rev. James Woods, 19;
Bunnell quoted on, 19-20;
quoted, 20, 27;
trouble with Indians, 21-27;
described by old Indian, 25;
in command of the Mariposa Battalion, 25, 36, 146;
aid to Indian agents, 26;
as military leader and trailfinder, 26, 75;
quarrel with Harvey, 30-32;
death of, 30-35;
burial, 34
School, Yosemite Valley public, 183
Second U. S. Infantry. _See_ Lieut. Tredwell Moore
Sell, W. M., 187.
_See also_ Camp Ahwahnee
Sentinel Hotel, 98, 112
_Sequoia gigantea._ _See_ Big Trees
Sharsmith, Carl W., 134
Sheepherder Mine. _See_ Tioga Mine
Sheepmen, trails used by, 77
Sherman, E. A., editor, _Esmeralda Star_, 126
Shirley, James C., 134
Sierra Club:
acknowledgment to, xi;
and mapping, 72;
and trails, 84, 85-86;
outings, 84, 186;
purposes, 86, 156;
Rock-Climbing Section, 88;
lodges, 130, 186, 188;
and U. S. Geological Survey, 131;
and study of fauna, 135;
and John Muir, 156;
and creation of Yosemite National Park, 156;
and Antiquities Act, 156;
and William E. Colby, 156-157;
and Yosemite recession, 160, 185;
Soda Springs property of, 187
_Sierra Club Bulletin_, xi, 156
Sierra Telegraph Company, 121
Skiing, 90-91, 173, 191, 193
Smedberg, W. R., 159
Smith, C. E., 103
Smith, Jedediah S.:
in ranks of “Fur Brigade,” 1;
trip to California by, 1, 2;
first white to cross Sierra Nevada, 2, 179
Snow, Albert, 79, 104, 123;
trail built by, 80, 104
Snow surveys of High Sierra, 190
Sonora Pass:
Road, 127;
Trail, 10, 75, 76, 80, 118
Southern Mines, 11
Sovulewski, Gabriel, 159, 187;
quoted, 83, 159-160;
death of, 159, 192
Stagecoach days, 61-70
Stagecoaches:
types of, 64;
replaced in Yosemite by automobiles, 69
Staging, unknown author quoted on, 64-65
Starr, W. A., Jr., guidebook, 73-74
Stoneman House, 101, 111
Storer, Tracy I., 135
Street, Harlow, 183
Sudworth, George B., 133
Survey parties, 71-73
“Ta-bu-ce.” _See_ Howard, Maggie
T
Taylor, Mrs. H. J., x, 132
Telegraph lines, 183, 187
Telephone:
first in Yosemite, 185;
first adequate system in Yosemite, 187
Tenaya, Chief of the Yosemites:
first surrender to whites, 36;
captured by whites, 37, 39;
death of, 46-48;
and Mono Indians, 46-48.
_See also_ Indians of Yosemite Valley
Tenaya Lake:
origin of name, 39;
trail, 46, 187;
and John L. Murphy claim, 184, 185
Thomson, Col. Charles G., 86, 170-171
Tileston, John Boies, 78
Tinkham, George G.:
quoted, 19;
writings of, 16 n
Tioga (settlement), 118, 119
Tioga-Lundy Trail, 121-122
Tioga Mine (Sheepherder), 118, 119
Tioga Mining District, 119, 120, 121
Tioga Road, 81, 120, 164, 170, 192
Toll roads, policy, 163
Toll trails, policy, 79, 80-81, 82, 163
Trading posts. _See_ Savage
Trail policy, 87
Trails. _See_ Anderson’s, Big Oak Flat, Coulterville, Eagle Peak,
Echo Wall, Eleven-Mile, Four-Mile, High Sierra, Hite’s
Cove, Indian Canyon, John Muir, Ledge, Little Yosemite,
Mammoth City-Fresno, Mariposa, Mono, Sonora Pass, Tenaya
Lake, Tioga-Lundy, Yosemite Falls
Trask, John B., 129;
quoted, 117
Tresidder, Donald B., 113, 162;
Mary Curry, xi, 113, 134
Tuolumne Grove of Big Trees, 8, 181, 184
Tuolumne Meadows Lodge, 114, 188
Tuolumne Meadows Soda Springs, 119;
purchased by Sierra Club, 187
Tuolumne Meadows trail, 46
Turner, H. W., 130
Twain, Mark, 127
U
U. S. Army:
pioneer activity in Yosemite, 77-78;
in charge of Yosemite National Park, 77, 157-161;
and building of trails, 78;
Wawona headquarters, 157, 185;
and Fort Yosemite, 160;
and Yosemite Arboretum, 187;
first plans for Yosemite Museum made by, 187;
Signal Corps in Yosemite, 192
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 72
U. S. Forest Service and John Muir Trail, 84, 85
U. S. Geological Survey, 71, 72, 73, 85, 131
U. S. National Park Service:
administration of Yosemite, vii-viii, 161-175 _passim_;
and trails, 84;
establishment of, 161
U. S. Navy and Special Hospital (Ahwahnee Hotel), 116
U. S. Weather Bureau, 187
Upper Hotel, or Hutchings House, 56, 57, 58, 93, 96-99;
Big Tree Room, 58
V
Vegetation type map, 192
Vining, Lee, 46
Vivian, A. P., quoted, 100-101, 102
W
Wagon:
first, 55, 179;
freight, 64;
mud, 64
Walker, Joseph R.:
with Bonneville, 3, 4, 5;
biographical notes, 3-8;
discovery of Yosemite by, 5, 6-8;
grave, 7;
discoverer of Big Trees, 8
Walker, M. V., 136
Wallace, Miles, 186
Walworth and Hite Hotel, 56, 93
Ward, Marjorie Montgomery, 190
Wartime problems in Yosemite, xii, 116, 149, 173-174, 192, 193
Washburn, Coffman, Chapman, and Company’s:
Mariposa Road, 63;
Wawona Hotel, 99-101
Watkins, C. E., 181
Wawona:
U. S. Army headquarters, 157, 160;
as a Nuchu Indian campsite, 36;
Galen Clark’s ownership, 50-51;
Hotel, 99-101;
Fish Hatchery, 185;
first Yosemite museum planned for, 187.
_See also_ Clark’s Ranch, Clark and Moore’s
Wawona basin, acquisition of, 190
Wawona Road, 170, 191
Wawona Tree, 184
Wawona Tunnel, 170, 191
Weed, C. L., photographs by, 55-56
Westfall’s, 51
Wheeler Survey, 71
Whitney, Josiah D., 71, 78, 129-130;
quoted, 79
Wilbur, Ray Lyman, 142
Wilcox, Capt. E. F., 186
Wildlife studies, 134-137
Winchell, L. A., writings of, 16 n
Winter sports, 90-91, 173
Wolfe, Linnie Marsh, 98
Wood, Capt. Abram Epperson, 158
Wright, George M., 134, 135, 136, 143
Y
Yelverton, Therese, Viscountess Avonmore, 98
Yosemite Advisory Board, 14, 157, 173, 190, 193
Yosemite Chapel, 102, 184
Yosemite Church Bowl, 191
Yosemite Commissioners, Board of:
first chairman, 13, 149;
action on road rights, 62-63, 151-152;
failure of legislation to support, 63, 151-152;
action on trails, 79;
action on homestead claims by, 149-152;
effect upon, of National Park bill, 157;
termination of authority of, 160
Yosemite Education Department:
origin of, 137-145;
objectives, 137-138;
and Yosemite Arboretum, 187.
_See also_ Yosemite Museum, Yosemite Natural History
Association, _Yosemite Nature Notes_, Yosemite School of
Field Natural History
Yosemite Falls Hotel. _See_ Sentinel Hotel
Yosemite Falls Trail, 80
Yosemite Grant. _See_ Yosemite State Park
Yosemite Hospital (U. S. Army), 187
Yosemite Lodge, 112, 188
Yosemite Master Plan, 80, 86, 174-175
Yosemite Museum:
acknowledgments to, ix-xi;
and story of Savage, 15;
and Ayres sketches, 48-49;
exhibits in, 104, 133;
organization of, 141-145, 189;
first plans made at Wawona, 187;
new building opened, 189;
Glacier Point branch of, 189;
Garden, 190;
“Live Indian Exhibit,” 190;
and Thomas Moran Collection, 191;
and Chris Jorgensen paintings, 191
Yosemite Museum Association, 144
Yosemite National Park:
exploitation of region of, vii-viii, 154-156, 158, 160,
161-162, 175, 180, 181;
private lands, 149-151, 157, 162-163;
established, 154-157;
State Park within, 155;
championed by Sierra Club, 156-157;
military in charge, 157-161;
boundary revision of, 157, 187
Yosemite National Park Company, 112, 113
Yosemite Natural History Association, 137, 144-145
Yosemite Naturalist Department, 144-145
_Yosemite Nature Notes_, ix, 144
Yosemite Park and Curry Company:
acknowledgment to, xi;
and Wawona Hotel, 101;
and Glacier Point Hotel, 109;
origin, 112-113;
and Big Trees Lodge, 113;
and High Sierra Camps, 114;
and Ahwahnee Hotel, 115-116
Yosemite School of Field Natural History, 143-144, 192
Yosemite State Park, 148-150, 154-155, 160, 182;
first appropriations for, 151, 152;
established, 155;
encompassed by National Park, 155;
re-ceded to United States, 160
Yosemite Sugar Pine Lumber Company and Carl Inn tract, 70, 162-163
_Yosemite Tourist_, D. J. Foley quoted in, 66-68
Yosemite Valley:
reserved as State Park, vii, 155, 182;
re-ceded to United States, vii, 160;
discovery by whites, 5, 6-8;
origin of name, 37;
as proposed reservoir site, 92, 147;
homesteads in, 148-151;
dual management of, 157, 160
Yosemite Valley Railroad:
built, 68, 187;
flooded, 69-70;
abandoned, 70
Young, Col. S. B. M., 185, 186
Z
Zevely, J. W., 186
One Hundred Years in Yosemite
is a clear story—sometimes dramatic, sometimes humorous, always
fascinating—of the struggles of the many men who brought about the
development of a great national park from an unknown wilderness. It is
an account of the men who first battled with Yosemite Indians, of those
who excited the curiosity of the first tourists and played critical
roles in heralding the valley of waterfalls, the back-country haven of
peaks, glacial lakes, and Big Trees.
To this narrative is added the story behind the later works of men in
the valley—its trails, roads, hotels, camps, climbs, and ski runs, and
the tale of the legislative battles over fixing the park’s boundaries
and preventing the overdevelopment and ruin of an irreplaceable scenic
treasure.
This is not a guidebook to Yosemite, but a story of men who made
possible the existence and enjoyment of the great park we know today—a
story which can immeasurably increase the visitor’s enjoyment of
Yosemite. For those who would pursue this aspect of Californiana
further, there is appended the most nearly complete of published
bibliographies on Yosemite.
Dr. Russell was for many years the Yosemite Park Naturalist, charged
with representing Yosemite to the public. He is now Chief Naturalist of
the National Park Service. His long list of publications has established
him as an authority in this field.
ONE HUNDRED YEARS
IN YOSEMITE
CARL PARCHER RUSSELL
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
PRICE, $3.75
_Other Books of Californiana
from the University of California Press_
THE LOS ANGELES STAR, 1851-1864.
By William B. Rice. Edited by John Walton Caughey.
FRANCIS DRAKE AND THE CALIFORNIA INDIANS, 1579.
By Robert F. Heizer. 52 pages. Illustrated. 1947.
THE REDWOODS OF COAST AND SIERRA
By James Clifford Shirley. 84 pages. 24 plates. Fourth edition,
1947. Boards, $2.00. Paper $1.00
MANUAL OF SKI MOUNTAINEERING.
Edited by David Brower. 228 pages. Frontispiece and 25 text
illustrations. Second edition, second printing, 1947. $2.50
AN ILLUSTRATED MANUAL OF PACIFIC COAST TREES.
By Howard E. McMinn and Evelyn Maino. 410 pages. Illustrated. Second
edition, third printing, 1947. $4.00
A SCOTCH PAISANO: HUGO REID’S LIFE IN CALIFORNIA, 1832-1852, Derived
from His Correspondence.
312 pages. Illustrated. 1939. $2.50
CORONADO’S QUEST: THE DISCOVERY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN STATES.
By A. Grove Day. 420 pages. Illustrations, map. 1940. $5.00
CITY OF THE GOLDEN ‘FIFTIES.
By Pauline Jacobson. 290 pages. Illustrated. 1938. $3.00
Transcriber’s Notes
—Silently corrected a few typos.
—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
is public-domain in the country of publication.
—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
_underscores_.