THE STRANGE ADVENTURES OF THE TRANSLATOR OF ROBINSON CRUSOE, THE CHEVALIER
DE THEMISEUL
If, in December 1715, a Frenchman had been asked what important events had
happened in the year, he would certainly have replied the death of Louis
the Great and the publication of the _Chef d'oeuvre d'un inconnu_. In a
few weeks that amusing lampoon on the scholars and commentators of the time
had run through four editions. People who knew whispered the name of the
man who sought to hide under the pseudonym of Doctor Matanasius; he was a
cavalry officer, of mysterious birth, the Chevalier de Themiseul. Hitherto
the life of the author had been an extraordinary web of adventures
diversified by scandals, _lettres de cachet_, imprisonment and exile. After
wandering through Holland, Sweden, and Germany, the young officer had come
back, adorned with a halo of bravery, learning, daring speculation, and
bitter humour. He flaunted notions that the Regency was about to
popularise: deism, the cult of experimental science, contempt of authority,
a lack of reverence for the classics. A man of culture, moreover, he knew
just enough of Latin and Greek to impose upon an average reader. By an
extraordinary stroke of good luck, his success, which was rapid, lasted
long enough for Abbe Sabatier de Castres to exclaim fifty years later,
under the impression of the witty fireworks of the _Chef d'oeuvre_:
"Irony reigns therein from beginning to end; pleasantry is handled with as
much spirit as judgment, and produces effects which eloquence aiming
straight at the point would have been unable to produce."
To say the truth, we know hardly more about the Chevalier de Themiseul than
the men who lived under Louis XIV. He apparently never contradicted the
idle story that gave him Bossuet for father and Mademoiselle de Mauleon for
mother. As fond of blague as a Paris _gamin_, he must have enjoyed the idea
of mystifying his friends while throwing dirt on a respected prelate's
character. Abbe Sabatier de Castres, wishing to unravel the mystery, went
to Orleans, searched the registers of the Parish of Saint-Victor and found
therein recorded, on 27th September 1684, the christening of the Chevalier,
son to Hyacinthe de Saint-Gelais, master bootmaker, and Anne Mathe, his
wife. Others have read the record in a different manner; _Cordonnier_, they
say, is not the father's trade, but his name, the Chevalier is not even
entitled to a _de_, his name is plebeian Hyacinthe Cordonnier; Paul
Cordonnier, assert the brothers Haag in their _Dictionary_, born on 24th
September, the son not of a master-bootmaker, but of an officer in the
army.
Now this is what one finds to-day in the register, if one takes the trouble
to read it:
"To-day, Tuesday, September 26th, 1684, Hyacinthe, born on Sunday last,
24th said month, son of Jean Jacques Cordonnier, lord of Belleair, and
demoiselle Anne Mathe, his wife, was christened by me Pierre Fraisy; and
had for godfather Anthoine de Rouet, son to the late Antoine de Rouet and
demoiselle Anthoinette Cordonnier and for godmother Marie Cordonnier,
spinster."
And Saint-Hyacinthe's father signed "De Belair." The title thus added to
his father's name must have given rise to the Chevalier's dreams of a noble
birth.
The mystery of the birth extends to the life. In 1701, the Chevalier's
mother resided at Troyes in Champagne, giving her son, thanks to the
bishop's patronage, a gentleman's education that qualified him for an
officer's commission in the _regiment-royal_. Among the noblemen living on
their estates in Chalons and Reims he numbered acquaintances, and they
treated him with due respect. Letters are extant which prove that he was on
terms of friendship with the Pouillys and the Burignys, no mean men in
their province. There is nothing to object to his conduct as a soldier. He
fought bravely in Germany, and, if taken prisoner at Blenheim, it was
together with Marshal de Tallart and many others whose courage no one
dared to question.
His captivity in Holland acted somewhat in the same manner as exile in
England did later on upon Voltaire. The ideas upon which his youth had been
nursed were shattered to pieces. Eventually he got free and came back to
Troyes. In 1709, he turned up in Stockholm, with the intention of fighting
the Moscovites under the Swedish flag, but it was too late: Charles XII.
had just suffered a crushing reverse at Pultava.
Back the Chevalier went to Holland, learning meantime English, Spanish, and
Italian, reading Bayle, Le Clerc, and Locke, and many other books forbidden
in France. At the Utrecht congress he caused a scandal by courting the
Duchess of Ossuna, wife to the Spanish plenipotentiary. The jealous husband
promptly obtained an order of expulsion, and poor Themiseul needs must take
refuge once more at his mother's in Troyes.
A new scandal soon drove him thence. Being entrusted by an austere abbess
with the task of teaching her young niece Italian, he fell in love with his
fair pupil while they read Dante together, trying maybe to live up to the
story of Francesca da Rimini. To avoid the _lettre de cachet_, he fled to
Holland, and for prudence' sake, exchanged his name of Chevalier de
Themiseul for the less warlike one of Saint-Hyacinthe.
Under that name his literary career began. Together with the mathematician
S'Gravesande, De Sallengre, and Prosper Marchand the bookseller, he wrote
for the Hague _Journal litteraire_ (1713). Two years later, the sudden
success of the _Chef d'oeuvre d'un inconnu_ acted upon his brain like a
potent liquor, and caused all his subsequent misfortunes.
To one who reads the pamphlet to-day, the wit seems rather thin. It is
difficult to realise the enjoyment that our great-grandfathers could take
in laughing in that exaggerated fashion at a German commentator. An
indecent French song beginning _L'autre jour Colin malade_ is supposed to
have been discovered by Doctor Matanasius, a scholar of European renown. He
proclaims it a masterpiece, the work of an unknown poet of genius, and,
with the help of a few hundred notes and comments, strives to gain his
point. Now Doctor Matanasius is no more the laughing-stock of the literary
world. His name is Renan, Gaston Paris, or Skeat. The _Chef d'oeuvre_
gives us the impression of a man loading a blunderbuss to shoot at a
shadow. The productions of Swift and Voltaire, in the same vein, are
infinitely better. Poor Matanasius, with his elaborate reminiscences of
barrack-room raillery, seems sadly out of date; being of the earth, earthy,
his song and his commentary have both crumbled to dust.
Yet he sought to build up a career of glory and wealth on the flimsy
foundation. Fighting in the cause of modern learning with the headlong
rashness of a dragoon charging up to the enemy's guns, he wrote the
_Lettres to Madame Dacier_, he undertook to rival the Dutch literary papers
with his _Memoires litteraires_; but the public who had appreciated the
_Chef d'oeuvre_, were slow in subscribing to the new paper. Unlucky
Matanasius was doomed to write only one masterpiece, for all his subsequent
productions fell dead from the press.
Once more in France, with brain teeming with schemes and but little money
in his pocket, the man, who was now nearing forty, fell back upon his last
resource, a new love-affair. The victim this time was Suzanne, Colonel de
Marconnay's daughter, with whom he eloped to England (1722).
The duly-married couple remained in England twelve years. What their life
and that of their children must have been, a few scattered letters help us
to understand. The father-in-law declining to help the wanderers,
Saint-Hyacinthe, who decidedly had renounced the Catholic faith, turned to
the Huguenot community. The poorer among them eked out a scant livelihood
by teaching French, writing for Dutch booksellers, translating English
books; the most needy received relief--money and clothing. The brilliant
dragoon, who had been feasted in Paris, did not blush to hold out his hand
and accept the mite doled out by the trustees of the "Fund for the poor
Protestants."
There was still in the man an inexhaustible fund of illusion. He could rail
and boast and dream. He seems never to have given up the hope of attaining
to reputation and competence. In the blackest year of his life, he began
translating _Robinson Crusoe_ (1720), but, wearying of the task, left the
Dutchman Justus van Effen to finish it. A letter of his to M. de Burigny,
dated 6th September 1727, is sweetly optimistic. "Cross the Channel," he
says, to his friend, "but, for Heaven's sake, come alone; don't bring your
man along with you. I can manage to accommodate you with rooms in my house,
and receive you at my table. What you will eat," he adds, with a flourish
of liberality, "with what I am obliged to have for my own family, will not
cost me more than two sous a day."[300]
In London, most probably at the Rainbow Coffee-House, then the resort of
the refugees, Saint-Hyacinthe one day came upon Voltaire. The two men had
met once before in Paris, when Voltaire's _Oedipe_ was being acted. It is
said that, during a performance, the Chevalier de Themiseul, pointing out
to the full house, exclaimed: "That is the completest praise of your
tragedy." To which Voltaire replied with a bow: "Your opinion, Monsieur,
flatters me more than that of all that audience." But times had changed.
Needy Saint-Hyacinthe was no longer the successful author that a younger
man is naturally anxious not to wound. "M. de Voltaire," Saint-Hyacinthe
repeated later, "led a very irregular life in England; he made many
enemies by proceedings not in accordance with the principles of strict
morality." "Saint-Hyacinthe," Voltaire retorted, "lived in London
principally on my alms and his lampoons. He cheated me and dared to insult
me."
It must be acknowledged that Saint-Hyacinthe struck the first blow. In
1728, having a mind to correct the mistakes that he had noticed in the
_Henriade_, he did the work in the most thoroughly impertinent manner.
Thus, to the following line:
"Aux remparts de Paris les deux rois s'avancerent,"
he added the comment: "It is not good grammar to say _s'avancer_, but
_s'avancer vers_; so the author should write:
"Vers les murs de Paris les deux rois s'avancerent."
And further on, in a note on the expression "alles dans Albion," "it is
surprising that a poet who has written tragedies, and an epic, without
mentioning those miscellaneous pieces where an agreeable politeness must
prevail, should not know the use of the prepositions _dans_ and _en_." Then
there was captiousness in some of the remarks; thus Voltaire had written
"Et fait aimer son joug a l'Anglois indompte,
Qui ne peut ni servir, ni vivre en liberte."
"M. de Voltaire," slyly added his enemy, "should not have tried in a vague
and sorry antithesis to give an idea of the English character that is both
insulting and erroneous."
A more striking example of perfidiousness was effectually to stir
Voltaire's resentment a little later. To one of the numerous editions of
the _Chef d'oeuvre_, Saint-Hyacinthe added a postscript entitled _The
Deification of Doctor Aristarchus Masso_, in which he related the
well-known anecdote of Voltaire being set upon by an officer: "'Fight,'
exclaims the officer, 'or take care of your shoulders.' The poet not being
bold enough to fight, the officer handsomely cudgelled him, in the hope
that the sore insult might lend him courage; but the poet's caution rose as
the blows showered down upon him," etc. Though not mentioned by name,
Voltaire was pretty clearly pointed out. Soon after, malicious Abbe
Desfontaines inserted the anecdote in his libellous _Voltairomanie_ (1739),
and all Paris began to make merry over the poet's cowardice. In spite of
the provocation, Voltaire acted with characteristic forbearance, begging
mutual friends to adjust the difficulty, and saying that he should feel
quite satisfied if Saint-Hyacinthe would retract and solemnly declare that
he had taken no part in the abbe's libel. But Saint-Hyacinthe's
stubbornness drove Voltaire to retaliate, and so he threw all his venom in
the following paragraph:--
"Teach the public, for example, he wrote in his _Advice to a Journalist_
(1741), that the _Chef d'oeuvre d'un inconnu_ or _Matanasius_ is by the
late M. de Sallengre and an illustrious mathematician of a consummate
talent who adds wit to scholarship, lastly by all those who contributed in
The Hague to the _Journal Litteraire_, and that M. de Saint-Hyacinthe
provided the song with many remarks. But if to that skit be added an
infamous pamphlet worthy of the dirtiest rogue, and written no doubt by one
of those sorry Frenchmen who wander about foreign lands to the disgrace of
literature and their own country, give due emphasis to the horror and
ridicule of that monstrous alliance."
To that crushing blow Saint-Hyacinthe replied without delay. "Though your
_Temple du gout_," he wrote, "has convinced me that your taste is often
depraved, I cannot believe you can go the length of confounding what is the
work of one with what is the work of many.... I am not so fortunate as to
do honour either to my country or to literature; but I may say that if it
suffices to love them to do them honour, no one surely would do so more
than I.... I have never been vile enough to praise foreign countries at the
expense of my own, and heap eulogies upon their great men, while
undervaluing those that do honour to France."
Bitter as the reply was, it did not appease Saint-Hyacinthe's anger.
Hearing that Voltaire had just been elected a member of the French Academy,
"The Academy," he wrote to a friend, "will be honoured to receive among the
forty a man devoid of either morals or principles, and who does not know
his own tongue unless he has begun learning it these few years past" (17th
February 1743). His _Recherches philosophiques_ he had inscribed to the
King of Prussia and, the latter taking no notice of the work, "Voltaire,"
he complained, "has indisposed the king against me" (10th October
1745).[301]
* * * * *
The latter part of his life Saint-Hyacinthe spent at Geneken, near Breda.
Thence he had launched his indignant reply to the _Advice to a Journalist_.
His literary activity was still great. The two letters, now published for
the first time, show him trying to induce Dutch booksellers to publish the
manuscripts of which he possesses "two chests full." As usual, he is in
dire straits, persecuted by duns and lawyers, yet none the less full of
hopes. The schemes he thinks about are excellent till he is cheated by some
"great rogue." One pictures to oneself an eighteenth-century Mr. Micawber,
buoyant and impecunious. Nor are there missing in the background the wife
and family, whose protest is brought home to us in a startling manner by
the "seduction" of the eldest daughter. Here Saint-Hyacinthe refers to Mlle
de Marconnay, for so she was called, who, under the patronage of the
Duchesse d'Antin, retired to Troyes.[302] The fates of the two other
children are unknown.
I
TO M. DE LA MOTTE, IN AMSTERDAM
SLUYS, _27th June 1742_.
MONSIEUR,--It was with the utmost joy that I heard from M. Mortier that you
were in good health and thought kindly about me. I should have had the
honour to tell you sooner how pleased I was at the news had I not suddenly
fallen very ill just as I was intending to do so. The attack of illness in
which I battled long with death, had seized me for the second time since
last September and it was thought I should not recover, as I suffered in
the meantime from ague, and this has weakened me so that, though out of
danger for the last two months, I can hardly walk from my room to the door
of my house and am unable to attend continuously to anything however
trifling. My state is the cruellest possible. Not only have I been ill ten
months, but my wife and two children are ailing. I left Paris two years ago
and came here to settle some money-affairs, which should have turned out
well I thought, as I was allowing the income to accumulate in order to pay
off a few debts. Those entrusted with the administration of the estate have
contrived to settle matters to their own advantage and are appropriating
all. Besides, the co-heir has brought an action against me and his attorney
here--the greatest rascal I have ever known--will raise quibbles on the
plainest things in the world, evidently to fish in troubled waters, and
have the pleasure of making me detest this country, wherein he has but too
well succeeded. The judges have at last submitted the matter to arbitration
and, though still unable to stand, I had myself carried here to end it. I
shall see how all will turn out in a few days, after which, if my strength
comes back, I shall try to spare a week or ten days to journey to Holland,
especially with a view to meeting you, Monsieur, and two other persons. I
shall tell you all that has befallen me since I left England. I shall tell
how my eldest daughter was perverted, how the old duchess Dantin and two
other ladies coming one day when her mother was dining out, carried her off
to the convent of the New Catholics where the perversion still goes on.
That is why I wrote to her mother to leave Paris promptly with her two
other children, and am debarred from returning there. You shall see in the
tale of my adventures a series of unfortunate occurrences at which one
would wonder if one might wonder at what the malice of men can do.
I have spent much money here, and I can hardly receive any until after
September. I have by me two chests full of MSS. by the best men; a kind
favour you could do me, Monsieur, would be to find me some bookseller
willing to print them. I shall tell you in confidence that I have found M.
Mortier so honest a man that I should very much like him to take them, and
this is what I had purposed to do: to give them to him to clear an account
standing between him and M. de Bavi and for which it is just he should be
requited. I had even thought of proposing that after agreeing on the price
of an MS. he should pay me half in money and keep the other half in
deduction from what is owing to him until entire receipt of the sum, which
is not considerable.
But besides his being busy printing many good books, my present situation
is too pressing to allow me to make the proposal, so I have told him
nothing about it. I shall always have occasion to provide him whenever he
chooses. Thus, Monsieur, you may, if you think fit, offer any bookseller
you like without mentioning my name the select MSS., the list of which I am
taking the liberty of sending you.
I do not know whether a small volume that I printed in Paris under the
title of _Divers Writings on Love and Friendship_, on _Voluptuousness and
Politeness_, the _Theory of Pleasant Feelings_ and some _Miscellaneous
Thoughts_ of the late Marquis de Charost,[303] has reached you. The book
appeared, and Marechal de Noailles and Duc de Villars complaining that they
thought they had found their characters portrayed in the _Miscellaneous
Thoughts_, the Cardinal[304] tried to stop the sale. Nevertheless, two
editions came out within four months. The book, in fact, has been found
charming--I may well praise it since there are but two pieces of mine, all
the rest being by the best authors. I am told that the book has not been
reprinted in Holland. You might ask some bookseller to do so. I shall send
a revised copy, and the author of the _Theory of Feelings_ having rewritten
the work, I shall write to get what I know is now a very considerable
piece. The bookseller will pay only for what he prints, and I shall send
him wherewith to make up a second and even a third volume of Miscellanies
no less interesting; for instance:
The pamphlet by M. de la Rivierre on his marriage with Mme la Marquise de
Coligny, daughter of Bussi Rabutin, which is admirably written.
The Letters of that Marquise to M. de la Rivierre.
Other Letters of M. de la Rivierre to Mme la Marquise de Lambert and
others, both in verse and prose, which are quite unknown or at least known
only to a few.
Essays by M. de la Rivierre on love.
A Letter of Heloise to Abelard by the same.
Sundry short Treatises and Letters by the late Mme la Marquise de Lambert.
Also:
The complete Translations and Poems of Marquis de la Fare.
The Complete Works of M. de Charlerat.
Poems by M. le Marquis de Saint-Aulaire. He it was who gave them to me,
but, if he is still living, I may not print them, as I am allowed to do so
only after his death.
The Revolutions of the Roman Republic, by M. Subtil.
A Life of Julius Caesar, by the same. The work is unfinished, but the
fragment is valuable on the score of composition and style. I am alone to
possess it, excepting the family who hold the original.
Several very curious Pieces suppressed in Paris and intended for the
Remarks to the Memoires of Amelot de la Houssaye. But they have perhaps
found their way into Holland and been printed there, together with the said
Memoires, which I must find out.
Critical Researches on the vanity of Nations regarding their origins.
The Story of the Loves of Euryalus and Lucrece, translated from AEneas
Sylvius, and compared with the story of Comtesse de Tende, together with a
letter regarding the Latin letters of the Countess de Degenfeldt and Louis
Charles Elector Palatine.
A supposed Letter from Heloise to Abelard by the late M. Raymond Descours,
the translator of the former that caused so much stir.
And many other slighter pieces. If the title does not seem right, the
bookseller may choose another, but as all those pieces are by well-known
authors who wrote admirably, the politeness and variety of the work
guarantee the sale.
[Illustration: JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERT After Mignard]
Should a bookseller want something more serious, I have a precious
collection of letters, proclamations, memoires, edicts, lists of troops,
etc., illustrating the reigns of Francis I., Henri II., Henri III., Charles
IX., the whole copied from the original letters of those princes, Queen
Catherine, constables, Secretaries of State, generals of armies. Among the
papers are also to be found documents instructing the ambassadors and the
letters wherein they render account of their negotiations, what France then
did at the Court of Rome, and what she did in England regarding the trial
of the Queen of Scotland under Queen Elizabeth. There is also such a fine
series of letters from Duc de Guise that they might be entitled Memoires.
Two members of the Academy of Belles-lettres in Paris have urged me to
print all this with two quarto volumes that they are publishing on the
history of France, but as there are some pieces that they allege may
prevent them from obtaining the privilege, and must therefore be
suppressed, I have declined the proposal.
I have besides a manuscript entitled _An Abridgment of Civil, Criminal, and
Ecclesiastical Law and of the Principles of Government_,[305] written in
1710 by a minister for M. the Dauphin Duc de Bourgogne. The treatise is
extremely lucid, instructive, and it is the original work, the sole
possessor of which I am.
I have other manuscripts. But it is enough to begin with. I shall send
them to you with all my heart, and you will be master, Monsieur, to dispose
of them. The long experience I have made of your kindness, gives me the
assurance that I cannot trust anything to better hands.
If you honour me with an answer, I beg of you to give me news of M. des
Maizeaux, whom I love and honour, and from whom, however, I have not heard
for the last ten years. Content to love one another, we do not trouble to
tell each other so, and I do not like to make him pay postage. I shall
receive your commands at M. Neungheer, at Sluys in Flanders. I am,
Monsieur, and shall ever be respectfully and gratefully your most humble
and obedient servant,
SAINT-HYACINTHE.
II
TO M. DE LA MOTTE IN AMSTERDAM
I cannot have an opportunity to write to Amsterdam, Monsieur, without
availing myself of it to remind you of a man that neither time nor distance
will cause to forget the gratitude he owes you nor impair the friendship he
has vowed to you. Tell me the state of your health and of your eyes, about
which you used to complain, and add news of M. des Maizeaux and M. Le
Courayer if you have any. I dwell in a wilderness where I have intercourse
only with men that died many centuries ago, and, to tell you the truth, it
would suit me very well if those I can do without did not study to ruin
rather than serve me. That disadvantage will drive me from my refuge, and
maybe I shall remove to some place nearer you.
You must have received my _Philosophical Researches_[306] as soon as they
began to be issued. It is not a book I sent you to read. It is too badly
printed and too full of mistakes. It is only a tribute that I wished to pay
to friendship and esteem. I should like to have the opportunity, Monsieur,
to give you further proofs of this. Hardly affected by the things of this
life, I should feel that keenly. I am and shall always be, Monsieur, with
inviolable devotedness your most humble and obedient servant,
SAINT-HYACINTHE.[307]
Two years after writing the above letter, Saint-Hyacinthe died. We can
guess what the end was. While the duns were crowding at the door, the dying
man dreamed that his latest scheme would infallibly make him wealthy. A few
friends stood firm, however, and honoured the memory of the dashing officer
to whom fortune and Paris had once smiled. Thirty years after his death, a
person of rank, one night in a drawing-room, began speaking ill of him.
"Sir," exclaimed M. de Burigny, who was standing by, "please spare my
feelings; you are hurting me to the quick. M. de Saint-Hyacinthe is one of
the men I loved the most dearly."
His biographers have questioned whether he ever abandoned the Catholic
faith. The former of the two letters published above settles the doubt. But
a few extracts from a very scarce posthumous publication show that the
English Deists had made a lasting impression upon him:
"Diverse opinions, uncertainty of knowledge; diverse religions, uncertainty
of the true one."
"The true religion is entirely contained in the duties prescribed by the
law of Nature, which are within reach of every one."
"Because Jesus Christ called Himself the Son of God, we infer that He is
God as His Father, and, if it be so, all men are gods, since in the strict
meaning of the word we are all children of God, drawing our life from Him
and being created after His likeness."
"Pure Deism is the only religion that truly exists."[308]
Strip him of the glamour of adventures and extravagant opinions, he is
after all a mere journalist. Take away the _Chef d'oeuvre_, whose success
was due to an accident, and Saint-Hyacinthe falls to the level of a Coste
or a Desmaizeaux. Yet he deserved better than he got. In his lust for
vulgar notoriety, he twice lost sight of fame. With his journalist's
insight, he had foreseen the wonderful fortune of _Robinson Crusoe_, and he
allowed a far inferior man to complete the translation. As early as 1715,
in his _Memoires litteraires_, he had guessed that the time had come for
men of letters to make England known in France, and Voltaire his enemy
reaped all the benefit of the idea. He might well have asked in later years
why he had not signed the _Lettres philosophiques_. And so in the portrait
gallery of Frenchmen who made English literature familiar to their
countrymen in the eighteenth century, Saint-Hyacinthe is only a miniature,
while Voltaire shines forth in all the glory of a full-length picture.
FOOTNOTES:
[300] _Lettre de M. de Saint-Hyacinthe._ Imprimee par la Societe des
Bibliophiles. Paris, 1826.
[301] The story of the quarrel between Voltaire and Saint-Hyacinthe is set
forth in two contemporary books: _Tableau philosophique de l'esprit de M.
de Voltaire_, 1771 and _Lettre de M. de Burigny a M. l'abbe Mercier sur les
demeles de M. de Voltaire avec M. de Saint-Hyacinthe_, 1780.
[302] See Haag, _France Protestante_, art. "Cordonnier."
[303] _Recueil de divers ecrits sur l'amour et l'amitie, la politesse, la
volupte, les sentimens agreables, l'esprit et le coeur._ Paris, 1736.
[304] Cardinal Fleury.
[305] _Abrege des matieres civiles, criminelles, ecclesiastiques, et des
principes du gouvernement._
[306] _Recherches philosophiques sur la necessite de s'assurer soi-meme de
la verite; sur la certitude de nos connaissances; et sur la nature des
etres._ Par un membre de la Societe royale de Londres. Londres, 1743
[307] The two above letters are preserved in the Library of the "Societe de
l'histoire du protestantisme francais" in Paris.
[308] _Pensees secrettes et observations critiques attribuees a feu M. de
Saint-Hyacinthe_, Londres, 1749.
INDEX
Abadie, d', teacher of French, 30.
Abbadie, Jacques, theologian, 129-130.
Abbadie, Jean, French valet, 36;
letter to Desmaizeaux, 57-58.
Ablancourt, Fremont d', 93.
Agnew, Rev. D., 135.
Aguesseau, Chancellor D', presented with one of Locke's works, 184.
Aime, a refugee, denounced by Barillon, 106.
Allen, John, tailor, 69.
Allix, minister, 32;
extract from book in English quoted, 51-53.
Ambassadors, French, in England.
See Aumont, Barillon, Bordeaux, Colbert de Croissy, Cominges, Courtin,
Estrades.
Amyraut, latitudinarian theologian, 91.
Ancillon quoted, 19;
his _Memoires_, 99 _n._, 111.
Andre, B., teacher of French, 29.
Andrews, Mrs., spy, 163.
Angle, S. De l', minister, his opinion on Episcopacy, 83;
denounced by Barillon, 106.
_Anglia_, 23.
_Angliae Notitia_ quoted, 10, 15, 25.
Anne, Queen, 108, 165.
Armstrong, Du Gard's proof reader, 150.
Arnoult, engraver, 37.
Ascham, 72.
Asgill, Saint-Evremond reads, 32.
_Athenaeum, The_, quoted, 143, 147.
Aubigny, Cardinal D', Queen's almoner, 24.
Aubrey quoted, 59.
Aumont, Duc d', ambassador, quoted, 17.
Aymon, _Actes des Synodes_, quoted, 89, 90, 96.
Babeau, _Voyageurs en France_, quoted, 3 _n._
Ballantyne, 60.
Baluze, letter to Colbert, 26.
Barbeyrac, 184;
learns English in order to read Locke, 29.
Barillon, ambassador, quoted, 106.
Bartas, Du, visits England, 28;
translated by Sylvester, 66.
Basnage, minister, his advice to the Huguenots, 134.
Bassoneau, proprietor of the _Ville-de-Paris_ inn, 12.
Bayle regrets he knows no English, 29;
quoted, 88;
opinion of English writers, 113;
definition of his scepticism, 116;
political opinions, 120, 126, 130-136;
on toleration, 136-137;
authorship of _Avis aux refugies_ discussed, 131;
the _Critical Dictionary_ mentions Locke, 179;
eulogised by Saint-Evremond, 117;
translated into English, 117.
Beaulieu, de, 26.
Beaumont and Fletcher quoted, 5, 36, 62, 64, 66, 73.
Bellay, Du, quoted, 22, 75.
Bellerose, the actor, 25.
Bellot, Jacques, teacher of French, 29.
Bellott, Stephen, apprentice, 144.
Berault, P., teacher of French, 30.
Bernard, Edward, professor of astronomy, Justel's letter to, 100.
Bernard, Jacques, minister, letter to Desmaizeaux, 183.
Bernard, J. P. the younger, 117;
supposed authorship of _Pamela_, 185.
Bernard, Jean, English secretary to Henri III., 11, 19.
Berthelet, printer to Henry VIII., 35.
_Bible, The Great_, printed in Paris, 35.
Birch, 117.
Blake, 158.
Blondeau, engraver, 24.
Blount, 66.
Bochart, scholar and divine, 31, 83, 91, 95.
Boisrobert visits England, 28.
Bordeaux Frondeurs in England, 161.
Bordeaux, President, ambassador, 158-159.
Bossuet, Henrietta of England and, 27;
dispute with Claude, 120;
_Histoire des Variations_ judged by Jurieu, 111;
answered in England, 126;
contrasted with _Esprit des Lois_, 111.
Bouhereau, Elie, on Milton, 152 _n._
Bourbon, N., teacher of French, 29.
Boyer, Abel, refugee and author, quoted, 53-54, 166.
Brantome visits England, 28.
Brereton, 30.
Brun, French refugees of that name settled in Amsterdam, 185.
_Bulletin de la Societe du Protestantisme Francais_, 122 _n._
Bulteel translates Racine, 28.
Bureau, printer, 36, 106.
Burghley, 66, 79 _n._
Burigny, de, friend of Saint-Hyacinthe, 213, 217, 225.
Burnet, Bishop, visits Paris, 75;
at Louis du Moulin's death-bed, 48, 94;
Mrs. Wharton and, 205;
quoted, 117.
Burnet, Mrs., letter of, 183.
Butler ridicules the imitation of the French, 67, 70, 71;
writes an ode to the memory of Du Val the highwayman, 37.
Cailloue translates _Eikon Basilike_, 32, 92.
Calvin, influence in England, 78.
_Cambridge History of English Literature_, 142.
Cameron, latitudinarian divine, 82.
Casaubon, Isaac, 80.
Casaubon, Meric, prebendary of Canterbury, quoted, 39-41.
Chaise, Pere de la, pamphlet concerning, 125;
gets English pamphlets translated, 26.
Chalmers, 65.
Chamberlayne quoted, 10, 15;
continued by Miege, 51.
Chambrun, Pineton de, 104.
Channel-crossings, experiences of, 6;
dangers, 8;
vessels, 5;
charges, 11.
Chapman's _Eastward Hoe_ quoted, 69.
Charlanne, 63.
Charles I. summons French artists to his Court, 23;
stir caused in France by his execution, 91-92.
Charles II., flight to France, 13;
letter to, 41;
knows little French, 24;
his gallomania discussed, 63;
adopts the "Persian vest," 71-72;
his Queen, 24, 67, 75;
his Court, 69-70;
his coronation robes, 69.
Charlett, Dr., letter to, 58-59.
Charost, Marquis de, 220.
Chatillon, Odet de, 79.
Chaufepie, 111.
Cherel, viii.
Clarke and Foxcroft quoted, 75, 184.
Claude, minister, on Episcopacy, 83;
the divine right of kings, 121;
disputes with Bossuet, 120; his
book on the persecution, 102;
how received in England, 103.
Clerc, Le, on the English language, 20;
visits London, 109;
his life, 112;
befriends Coste, 176.
See Lecene.
Coaches, 10.
Cobb, Frederic, viii.
Colbert, ignorance of English, 23;
inquiry about English institutions, etc., 26;
distrusts the English, 26;
his daughters' marriage mentioned in the _Gazette de Londres_, 163;
buys horses in England, 74;
causes a yacht to be built there, 74.
Colbert de Croissy, ambassador, 74.
Collier, 83.
Collins, Anthony, 181.
Collins, J. Churton, 60.
Colomies, 97.
Cominges, ambassador, 3, 17, 152 _n._
Conde, Prince de, intrigues in England, 161;
pamphlet concerning, 125;
Coste writes his life, 177.
Condom, Bishop of. See Bossuet.
Conti, Prince de, learns English, 74.
Cooks, French, in England, 25, 69.
Cooper, Samuel, portrait-painter, in France, 25.
Corseilles at the Court of Charles I., 23.
Cost of journey from Paris to London, 11.
Coste, his life, 109, 176-178;
his letters about English writers, 178-185;
to Mlle Brun, 185-206.
Cotgrave, 34.
Cougneau, teacher of French, 29.
Coulon, traveller, quoted, 7, 30.
Courayer, Le, 61, 224.
Courtin, ambassador, 106.
Coverdale, 35.
Cranmer, Archbishop, 79.
Croix, De La, fortune-teller, 37.
Cromwell anxious about the safety of Channel packet-boats, 8;
victories recorded in the _Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres_, 157;
book inscribed to, 95.
Croze, Cornand La, 109.
Cugnac, Marquis de, 161.
Culpepper, 42.
Cumberland, Richard, mentioned by Coste, 184.
Customs, English, 8.
Dacier, Mme, ridiculed by Saint-Hyacinthe, 212.
Daille, divine, influence in England of his work on the Fathers, 86;
accepts the divine right of kings, 93.
Daude, refugee, mentioned in Barillon's dispatches, 106;
presides over meetings of refugees, 109.
Davenant, 64.
Defoe, 49, 118.
Denisot, teacher of French, 29.
Dennis quoted, 20;
ridiculed by Pope, 107.
Desfontaines, Abbe, 215.
Deshoulieres, Mme, soporiferous influence of, 189.
Desmaizeaux, estimate of his work, 110;
attacks Le Clerc and Coste, 182;
letters to, 57-58, 183;
mentioned, 224.
Dover described by Moreau de Brazey, 9.
Drelincourt, Charles, minister, 118.
Drelincourt, Charles, the younger, physician in Leyden, 176, 189.
Drelincourt, Pierre, dean of Armagh, quoted, 48-49.
Dryden, comedy quoted, 67.
Dubois, refugee, sheriff of Middlesex, letter of, 96.
Du Gard, schoolmaster and printer, his life, 149-152;
prints Milton's pamphlets, 152-153;
the _Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres_, 36, 154-163.
Dumoulin, Pierre, visits England, 80, 94;
quoted, 82.
Dumoulin, Pierre (or Peter), the younger, sides with the royalists, 94;
extract from one of his works quoted, 44-45;
blames the Covenanters, 83 _n._
Dumoulin, Louis, Camden professor of history, 94;
writes an apology for the Independents, 94;
remains true to his Huguenot faith, 94;
quoted, 46-48;
Burnet at his death-bed, 48, 94.
Duras, Louis de, 24.
Dury, John, 32, 153.
Edict of Nantes, estimate of, 114.
Effen, Justus van, translates _Robinson Crusoe_, 213.
_Eikon Basilike_, 153;
translated, 32, 92;
Milton's reply to, 153.
Einstein, L., 19.
Elizabeth, Princess, death recorded, 158.
Elizabeth, Queen, 90.
England, as seen by foreigners, 16-17;
gallomania in, 62-73;
opinion of Jurieu and Bayle on, 113.
English Custom-House officers, 8;
horses in France, 74;
insularity, 71;
opinion of Henri IV. and Courtin, 106;
travellers abroad.
See Burnet, Locke, Moryson.
English idioms in _Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres_, 155-156.
English language not spoken in Europe, 19;
at the French Court, 22-27;
change after the Revolution, 34;
difficult to pronounce, 20;
the refugees learn it, 113.
Erondel, teacher of French, 29.
Eschar, valet to Charles Montague, 73.
Espagne, Jean d', minister, inscribes a book to the Protector, 95.
Estoile, Pierre De l', 31, 34.
Estrades, D', ambassador, 22.
Etheredge quoted, 67, 71, 73.
Evelyn, his _Diary_ quoted, 4, 7, 8, 32, 72, 99, 102, 103.
Fabvolliere, engineer, 24.
Fare, Marquis de la, 221.
Faret, 22.
Fayette, Mme de la, quoted, 27.
Festeau, teacher of French, 30.
Fetizon, divine, on the divine right of kings, 120.
Field, Richard, printer, 146-147.
Fonvive, French journalist in London, 165.
Force, La, 106.
Fortune-tellers, French, in England, 37.
Fox, George, mentioned in the _Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres_, 160.
Francis I. furthers the printing of _The Great Bible_, 35.
French, ambassadors.
See Ambassadors;
cooks, 25, 69;
fortune-tellers, 37;
highwayman, 37;
journalists, 163-166;
merchants, 79, 135;
milliners, 70;
players, 23;
printers, 35;
quacks, 36;
tailors, 25, 68-69;
teachers.
See Teachers; travellers.
See Travellers.
French churches in London, 161.
French fashions in England, 68, 70-72.
French language predominant in Europe, 166;
extensively used in England, 66.
French literature, classical, slight influence of, in England, 141.
French wines, 70.
Frenchmen in England. See French, etc.
Fullerton, W. M., viii.
Gachet, Jean, 36.
Gairdner, James, 78.
Gallomania described, 63-70;
ridiculed, 70-73;
its decline, 73.
Gascoigne, 73.
Gauden, 92.
_Gazette de Londres_, 163-166.
Gildersleeve, V. C., 37.
Goupil, Rouen, printer, 36.
Gourville, his _Memoires_ quoted, 6, 22.
Gramont, 24, 70.
Grevin in England, 28.
Guide-books, 3, 7, 9, 10, 16, 30, 31.
Guizot quoted, 2.
Haag, 209, 217.
Halifax, Earl of, letter to Henry Savile quoted, 73.
Hall, Bishop, 73.
Hamilton, his _Memoires de Gramont_ quoted, 70.
Harrington, 152.
Harrison, _Description of Britain_ quoted, 20, 68.
Hedgcock, F. A., viii.
Henchman, Bishop, 83.
Henri IV., opinion on the English, 106.
Henrietta of England, her influence at the French Court, 26;
her death, 27.
Henrietta of France, furthers the French influence, 23, 66;
letter to Prince Charles quoted, 41;
meets Charles II. in France, 14.
Henry VII., 23.
Herault, minister at Alencon, 91 _n._, 95.
Highwayman, French, in England 37.
Hobbes in France, 28.
Holyband. See Saint-Lien.
Horses, English, in France, 74.
Houssaye, Amelot de la, 222.
Howard, 73.
Huguenots, relations with England under Henry VIII., 78;
Elizabeth, 79-80, 90;
the early Stuarts, 80-98;
the Commonwealth, 89-92;
the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and, 101-104;
William of Orange and, 105;
political ideas of, 119-134;
opinion on Episcopacy, 83;
on toleration, 136-139;
become Whigs, 104;
take anglican orders, 104;
bankers and merchants in London, 79, 135;
divine quoted in England, 105.
Huisseau, D', quoted, 85-86, 87-88.
Independents censured by a French Synod, 90.
Inn, interior described, 4;
French inn at Dover, 9;
in London, 12.
James I., 31, 80.
James II., 27, 123, 129.
Jermyn, 23.
Johnson, Dr., on Saint-Evremond, 38.
Jon, Du (Junius), 97.
Jones, Edward, 164.
Journalists, "Dutch," 110;
French, in London, 163-166.
Journey from Paris to London, 3-13.
Jurieu, his life, 97;
opinion on England, 113;
on the Revocation, 129;
on Bossuet, 111;
on toleration, 137-139;
discusses the divine right of kings, 119, 122, 127-129;
his _Pastoral Letters_, 127;
devotional work translated into English, 118;
political works translated, 126.
Jusserand, _French Ambassador at the Court of Charles II._,
quoted, 2, 4, 8, 15, 22, 24;
_Shakespeare en France sous l'ancien regime_ quoted, 19, 77, 152 _n._;
_What to expect of Shakespeare_ quoted, 148;
_Histoire litteraire du peuple anglais_ quoted, 21.
Justel retires to England, 99;
letter to Edward Bernard, 100;
discusses conformity with Saint-Evremond, 100-101;
his character, 99.
Kemps, Englishman, employed by Colbert, 25.
Ken, Bishop, and the Revocation, 103.
Keroualle, Mlle de, at the Court of Charles II., 24;
a leader of fashion, 70;
what M. Renan thought about her, 70.
King, his _Life of Locke_ quoted, 108.
Lambert, Mme de, 221.
Lambin, viii.
Lanier, N., 23.
Latitudinarians in England and France. See Amyraut, Huisseau, Rationalism,
Saumur.
Lecene, 115.
Lee, Sir Sidney, quoted, 28, 63, 79, 90, 143.
Lefevre, chemist, 24.
Lefort, inn-keeper, 9.
Leibnitz understands English, 29.
Lenet, his _Memoires_ quoted, 91.
Lenthal, Speaker, 158.
Libertines in France, 81;
relations with the Huguenots, 82.
Lionne, Hughes de, Secretary of State, 1.
Literature, slight influence in England of French classical, as compared with
devotional and theological literature, 141.
Locke travels in France, 3, 4, 5, 29, 74;
admiration of Barbeyrac for, 29;
conversation of his reported in a Dutch paper, 110;
his works translated by Coste, 176-177;
sale of the _Essay_ in France, 183-184;
anecdotes on, 181-182;
_Original Letters_ quoted, 20;
mentioned by Coste, 190.
Lorthie, minister, denounced by Barillon, 106.
Louis XIV. badly informed by his ambassador, 17;
justified in revoking the Edict of Nantes, according to an
English pamphlet-writer, 103-104;
inquires about England, 75.
Luttrell, _Diary_ quoted, 124.
Luzancy, De, 32, 49-50.
Lyly, 66.
Macaulay, 25.
Maine, Duchesse du, receives presentation copy of Locke's _Essay_, 183.
Maittaire, 34;
letter to Dr. Charlett, 58-59.
Marchand, Prosper, bookseller, 211.
Marconnay, Colonel de, 212.
Marconnay, Mlle de, 207.
Marescq, Du, minister, 168.
Marston, 64.
Marsys, de, 24.
Mary II., 104.
Masham, Lady, 177.
_Mason, La grammaire de_, 34.
Massinger, 69.
Masson, 152 _n._
Mauger, teacher of French, his Grammar quoted, 12, 30, 32, 42-43, 67.
Maupas, teacher of French, 29.
Mayerne, Theodore de, physician to James I. and Charles I., 80, 158.
Mazarin, Cardinal, 2, 26, 74, 155 _n._
Mazarin, Mme de, in England, 97;
her salon at Windsor, 98-99.
Menard, chaplain to Mary II., 109.
Merlat, Elie, on the divine right of kings, 121-122.
Mersenne, Jesuit, corresponds with Hobbes, 28.
Meurier, Gabriel, teacher of languages, 34.
Mezandieu, Rene, in the Poultry Office, 25.
Miege, Guy, teacher of French, 30, 72;
extract from _New State of England_, 50-51.
Milliners, French, in England, 70.
Milton, pamphlet translated by John Dury, 32, 153;
mentioned in _Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres_, 152-154;
opinion of Bouhereau on, 152 _n._;
attacked by Bayle, 152 _n._;
Du Gard prints his pamphlets, 152-153.
Misson, traveller in England, 19, 30, 109, 169.
Moivre, Le, 109.
Montague, Charles, has a French valet, 73.
Montesquieu, 111.
Morales, the Jew, 98.
Moranville writes the _Gazette de Londres_, 163;
in trouble, 165.
More, Sir Thomas, ridicules the imitation of the French, 65.
Moreau de Brazey, author of guide-book, describes Dover, 9;
Rye, 10;
the life of a Frenchman in London, 16.
Morel, Professor L., 143 _n._
Morelli, Cesare, writes to Pepys, 25.
Mornay, Du Plessis, in London, 79;
author of _Vindiciae contra Tyrannos_, 93.
Mortreuil, viii.
Morus, Alexander, minister, attacked by Milton, 154;
mentioned in _Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres_, 153.
Moryson, Fynes, traveller, 13.
Motte, Francois de la, letter to Secretary Williamson, 45-46.
Motte, La, "Dutch" journalist, letters to, 178-185.
Mutteux, Pierre, refugee, letter to _Spectator_, 55-56;
song and prologue quoted, 56.
Muralt, traveller, 28.
Nash, 72 _n._
Newcombe, prints _Gazette de Londres_, 163;
in trouble, 165.
Newspapers, "Dutch," 110.
Newspapers, French, in London, 149-166.
Newton, 29, 184.
Normand, Charles, 91.
_Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres_, 154-163.
Ollion, his edition of Locke's _Letters to Thoynard_, 3, 4, 5.
Orange, Prince of. See William III.
Overbury, 69.
Packet-boat, Dover, in the seventeenth century, 5.
Pamphlet-writers, Huguenot, 123;
their influence, 124;
attacked, 124.
Papillon, refugee, sheriff of Middlesex, 96.
Passive obedience, ideas of Huguenots on, 93, 119.
Payen, traveller, 11, 30.
Pays, Le, traveller, 31.
Peletier quoted, 66.
Penry, 90.
Pepys' _Diary_ quoted, 69, 72;
_Correspondence_ quoted, 50.
Perlin, author of guide-book, 30.
Perrot, editor of the _Gazette de Londres_, 163.
Persecuting, Divine right of, 138-139.
Persecutions of Huguenots and Waldenses recorded, 160.
Petre, Father, attacked, 125.
Plomer, letter to _The Athenaeum_, 147.
Pope quoted, 107.
Porree, 32, 91, 92.
Portsmouth, Duchess of. See Keroualle, Mlle de.
Post-Office in the seventeenth century, 15.
Printers, French, in England, 35.
Prynne, 24.
Puaux, 139.
Puffendorff inquires about an English Dictionary, 29.
Pulton, Andrew, Jesuit, forgets his English, 24.
Puncteus, a French quack, 36.
Puritans, relations with the Huguenots, 90.
Pynson, French printer in England, 35.
Quack, French, in England, 36.
Quakers mentioned by Misson, 30;
in the _Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres_, 159.
Rabelais writes English, 21;
puns in English, 21.
Rainbow coffee-house, 31, 109, 213.
Rationalism in France, 81-88, 115;
in England, 117;
how far encouraged by the refugees, 110, 117.
Refugees, 78-80; 96-100; 104-107;
learn English, 113;
take part in English civil dissensions, 95;
proofs of unpopularity, 79;
why forgotten in France, 141.
Regnault, Francois, Paris printer, 35.
Renaudot, Abbe, secret agent, 26.
Renneville, refugee, writes about the Bastille, 107.
Reresby, Sir John, and the Frenchmen in Soho, 171.
Revocation of Edict of Nantes, 101;
stir caused in England, 102-104;
far-reaching consequences, 105, 108.
_Revue Critique_, 152 _n._
Reyher, 23.
Richardson, 185.
Robertson, F. G., 152 _n._
Roche, La, 117.
Rohan, Benjamin de, Huguenot leader, 80.
Roemer, astronomer, 6.
_Roman de Renart_, 21.
Ronsard visits England, 28.
Rosemond, 106.
Rosin, Frenchman in the employ of the Commonwealth, 151 _n_.
Rousseau, J.-J., quoted, 1, 18.
Rue, De La, gambler, 37.
Sabatier de Castres, Abbe, extols Saint-Hyacinthe, 208.
Sallengre, 211, 215.
Saint-Amant visits England, 28.
Saint-Aulaire, Marquis de, 221.
Saint-Evermond at Windsor, 98-99;
urges Justell to conform, 100-101;
learns no English, 28;
quoted, 33, 117.
Saint-Hilaire writes on England, 26.
Saint-Hyacinthe, birth, 208-209;
adventurous life, 209-227;
in England, 109;
quarrel with Voltaire, 218-217;
letters to La Motte, 218-225;
his _Chef d'oeuvre d'un inconnu_, 211;
becomes a Protestant, 212;
and a Deist, 226;
a posthumous work quoted, 226.
Saint-Lien, teacher of French, 29.
Saintsbury, Professor George, quoted, 142.
Sancroft, Archbishop, interview with Allix, 32;
chooses Colomies as librarian, 97.
Sandwich, Lord, 69.
Satur, minister, in London, 106.
Saumaise, scholar, attacks the regicides, 92, 150;
answered by Milton, 152.
Saumur, latitudinarian school of, 84-85.
Saurin, divine, on toleration, 139.
_Savile Correspondence_ quoted, 26, 73.
Sayous, 77.
Schelandre in England, writes an epic, 80.
Schickler, _Les eglises du refuge_ quoted, 79, 95, 96, 102.
Scott, Eva, quoted, 14, 42.
Sea-sickness, Gourville on, 6;
Locke records unfortunate experiences of a fellow-traveller, 6.
Sedan, orthodox Academy of, 84.
S'Gravesande, 210.
Shadwell, his comedies quoted, 67, 68, 70, 71.
Shaftesbury, the first Earl, 95, 129, 179.
Shaftesbury, the third Earl, 177.
Shakespeare gives evidence before Court of Requests, 145;
lodges in London with the Mountjoys, 146;
his poems printed by Richard Field, 147.
Silvestre helps Saint-Evremond to read Asgill, 32.
Simon, Richard, Hebrew scholar, 82, 93.
Sorbiere in England, 16;
relations with Hobbes, 28.
Sourceau, Claude, tailor to the king, 25;
helps to make the coronation robes, 69.
Spenser quoted, 75.
_Spirit of Laws_, Montesquieu's, contrasted with Bossuet's _History of
Variations_, 111.
Suard, 61.
Subtil, 222.
Sully, minister to Henri IV., knows no English, 22.
Swift, 54, 166, 205.
Sylvester translates Du Bartas, 66;
tells how he learned French, 66.
_Synodes, Actes des_. See Aymon.
Tailors, French, in England, 25, 68, 69.
Teachers of French. See Abadie, Andre, Bellot, Berault, Bourbon, Boyer,
Cougneau, Denisot, Erondel, Festeau, Mauger, Maupas, Miege, Saint Lien.
Telleen, F., 152 _n._
Texte, 77.
Thoyras, Rapin, 109.
Throckmorton, 90.
Toleration retarded in England by the persecution of the Huguenots, 105;
how practised in France, _c._ 1680, 114;
opinion of Huguenots on, 136-139.
Tonson, 164.
Torcy, 17.
Tories mentioned in _Nouvelles ordinaires de Londres_, 162.
Tourval, L'Oiseau de, teacher of foreign languages, contributes to Colgrave's
_Dictionary_, 34.
Travellers, English, in France. See Burnet, Locke, Moryson (Fynes).
Travellers, French, in England. See Coulon, Muralt, Misson, Moreau de Brazey,
Payen, Pays Le, Perlin.
Upham, A. H., 63, 78.
Val, Du, highwayman, 37.
Valets, French, 73. See also Abbadie, Jean.
Vautrollier, printer, 35, 146.
Verard, Antoine, printer, 35.
Verneuil, Duc de, ambassador, 8.
Versailles, model of palace exhibited in London, 164.
Veissiere, 184.
Viau, Theophile de, 28, 82.
Villien, 27.
Voiture, 28.
Voltaire drags the example of England into his controversies, vii;
at the Rainbow Coffee-house, 31, 213;
quarrels with Saint-Hyacinthe, 213-217;
the latter anticipates him in the use he makes of English models, 227;
letters and verses in English quoted, 59-60;
opinion on the English, 107.
Vossius at Windsor, 67.
Wake, Archbishop, 105.
Waldegrave, 90.
Wallace, Professor C. W., discovers documents on Shakespeare, 144.
Weiss, N., viii.
Wharton, Mrs., 205.
Whigs and refugees, 104, 108.
William III., 105, 123, 127, 131.
Williamson, Secretary, 29, 163;
letter to, 45-46.
Wilmot, accompanies Charles II. in his flight, 13.
Wines, French, 70.
Wordsworth, Ch., 152 _n._
Wyatt, 73.
Yachts, Royal, described, 8.
York, Duchess of (daughter to Lord Clarendon), speaks French, 67.
York, Duke of, 14.
* * * * *
ENGLISH TRAVELLERS OF THE RENAISSANCE
By CLARE HOWARD. With 12 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net.
_A good sub-title to this book would be "The Grand Tour
in the 16th and 17th centuries." We have a series of
most interesting extracts from, and comments on, the
innumerable little volumes of directions for foreign
travellers issued during the 16th and 17th centuries for
the guidance of English youths about to venture on the
Continent. Miss Howard shows the various purposes which
travellers had in their minds in setting out on their
journeys in successive generations, how at one time it
was mainly in the pursuit of learning, at another the
acquirement of the more courtly arts, at another a kind
of glorified athleticism, and latest of all a sort of
dilettantism. Thus "English Travellers of the
Renaissance" is without doubt a pleasing novelty among
books._
THE BEAUTIFUL LADY CRAVEN
The Original Memoirs of Elizabeth Baroness Craven, afterwards Margravine of
Anspach and Bayreuth and Princess Berkeley of the Holy Roman Empire
(1750-1828). Edited, with Notes and a Bibliographical and Historical
Introduction containing much unpublished matter, by A. M. BROADLEY and
LEWIS MELVILLE. With over 50 Illustrations. In 2 vols. Demy 8vo. 25s. net.
_Elizabeth Berkeley, who was born towards the end of the
reign of George II. and lived almost until the end of
the reign of George IV., was one of the most beautiful,
as well as the cleverest, wittiest, and most versatile
woman of the age in which she flourished. She came of an
ancient family claiming Royal descent, and, while still
a girl, was given in marriage to the sixth Lord Craven.
She bore him an heir and several other children. Between
1770 and 1780 she was not only a persona grata at Court,
but the friend of Garrick, Johnson, Fox, and all the
great political, literary, and social personages of the
period. Between 1780 and 1790 came that period of
wandering through Europe which enabled her to record
personal experiences of Louis XVI., Marie Antoinette,
Frederick the Great, the Empress Catherine, the King and
Queen of Naples, and other Royal and illustrious
personages._
_In 1791 she married the Margrave of Anspach and
Bayreuth. Returning to London she became at
Brandenburgh House and Benham Park, Newbury, the centre
of a great social circle. A little later the Emperor
Francis II. made her a Princess in her own right of the
Holy Roman Empire. For a whole decade the theatricals
and concerts at Brandenburgh House were the talk of the
town. In the year 1806 her husband died. Some fifteen
years later the "Beautiful Lady Craven" settled in
Naples, where she built a delightful palace. There she
died in 1828. Some four years before her death she
published (at the suggestion of Louis XVIII.) her
memoirs. Mr. Broadley and Mr. Melville have discovered
many new facts, a large number of unpublished letters
and MSS. (many of them in Mr. Broadley's collection),
which have enabled them to elaborate an historical
introduction of extraordinary and fascinating
interest._
_The illustrations have been taken from existing
portraits in private and public collections and the
contemporary engravings in Mr. Broadley's possession._
_The authors have received valuable aid from Lady Helen
Forbes--herself a great granddaughter of the Margravine
of Anspach--and many experts in 18th century history.
The book as it now stands forms one of the most
lifelike and absorbingly interesting records of high
life in Europe between 1770 and 1820, which has
appeared during the present century._
MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF ENGLAND IN 1675
By MARIE CATHERINE BARONNE D'AULNOY. Translated from the original French by
Mrs. WILLIAM HENRY ARTHUR. Edited, Revised, and with Annotations (including
an account of Lucy Walter) by GEORGE DAVID GILBERT. With Illustrations.
Demy 8vo. 16s. net.
DAILY TELEGRAPH.--"_The Editor of this work has unearthed a genuine
literary treasure. That it should have lain so long hidden, in its entirety
at least, from English eyes is amazing. The narrative is as graceful as it
is vivid._"
VANITY FAIR.--"_A splendid piece of work, and one that will take high rank
among the best chronicles of the Seventeenth Century._"
WORLD.--"_One of the sprightliest and most entertaining works of the period
that it is possible to read._"
THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH PATRIOTISM
By ESME C. WINGFIELD STRATFORD, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. In 2
vols., with a Frontispiece to each volume (1300 pages). Demy 8vo. 25s. net.
DAILY CHRONICLE.--"_A book which is designed to be a landmark in historical
literature._"
TIMES.--"_Mr. Wingfield-Stratford's book is of great and abiding
interest._"
OUTLOOK.--"_A great achievement, nothing less indeed than the rescue of
history from the hands of the pedant and the archaeologist and its
restoration to its true position as a living, emotional art._"
DAILY TELEGRAPH.--"_A work which for fulness at once of range and detail is
little short of astounding._"
JOHN LANE THE BODLEY HEAD