[1]
“Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto.”
TERENT., _Heaut._ Act. I. Sc. i. 25.
[2] New England’s First Fruits: Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc., Vol. I. p. 242.
[3] Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay, Vol.
II. p. 6, June 14, 1642.
[4] Ibid., p. 203, November 11, 1647.
[5] Enquiries to the Governor of Virginia by the Lords Commissioners of
Foreign Plantations, with the Governor’s Answers: Hening, Statutes at
Large of Virginia, Vol. II. p. 517.
[6] Oldmixon, British Empire in America, 2d ed., Vol. I. p. 195.
[7] 4 Mass. R., 128, note; 16 Mass. R., 75; 10 Cushing, R., 410; 14
Allen, R., 562. See, _ante_, Vol. III. p. 384.
[8] New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Vol. VI. p. 156.
[9] A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre in Boston, perpetrated
in the Evening of the Fifth Day of March, 1770, by Soldiers of the
XXIXth Regiment, to which is added an Appendix containing the several
Depositions, etc., (Boston, 1770,) App., p. 56. Trial of William Wemms
and others, Soldiers in his Majesty’s 29th Regiment of Foot, for the
Murder of Crispus Attucks and others, (Boston, 1770,) pp. 110, 111.
[10] Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay, Vol.
III. p. 268, May 27, 1652.
[11] Records of the Colony of New Plymouth, Vol. VIII. p. 187, August,
1643.
For most of the foregoing particulars, see also Palfrey’s History of
New England, Vol. II. p. 30, note.
[12] Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay, Vol.
III. p. 84, November 4, 1646.
[13] Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc., 2d Ser., Vol. VIII. p. 184.
[14] Wells, Life of Samuel Adams, Vol. I. p. 138.
[15] Jackson’s History of Newton, p. 336. See, _ante_, Vol. II. pp.
289, 290.
[16] Wordsworth, Rob Roy’s Grave.
[17] Tom. II. p. 155.
[18] Collection of Papers on Political, Literary, and Moral Subjects,
by Noah Webster, pp. 325, 326.
[19] Letter to Stephen White, February 27, 1820: Life and Letters of
Joseph Story, by his Son, Vol. I. p. 362.
[20] See, _post_, p. 435, Remarks in the Senate, Dec. 10, 1860.
[21] _The Impending Crisis_, by H. R. Helper, containing a radical
arraignment of Slavery, was recommended by Members of Congress.
[22] Leyden, Scenes of Infancy, Part III.: Poetical Remains, pp. 373,
374.
[23] Essays: Of Plantations.
[24] Commentaries, Vol. I. p. 49.
[25] Ibid., p. 160.
[26] Works, (Oxford, 1825,) Vol. VI. p. 234.
[27] _Ante_, p. 251.
[28] Letter to A. O. P. Nicholson, December 24, 1847.
[29] Oration at Quincy, pp. 13, 14.
[30] Ibid., p. 18.
[31] Oration at Newburyport, p. 24.
[32] Ibid., pp. 26, 27.
[33] Annals of Congress, 7th Cong. 2d Sess., 613, 1353. At a later day
the tone of Mr. Randolph was different. See, _ante_, p. 298.
[34] Congressional Globe, 36th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 2073, May 11, 1860.
[35] Writings of Washington, ed. Sparks, Vol. VII., Appendix, p. 533.
[36] Speech at Chicago, July 10, 1858: Political Debates between
Lincoln and Douglas, p. 20.
[37] See Odyssey, tr. Pope, Book XIII. 180, 181.
[38] Debates in the Federal Convention, August 25, 1787: Madison
Papers, Vol. III. pp. 1429, 1430.
[39] In opening his lecture, Mr. Sumner, according to the newspaper
reports, alluded to the new hall in which he spoke, called after the
founder of Providence, as follows.--“In the honored name assumed for
this most beautiful and spacious hall, you pledge yourselves that here
Toleration shall prevail, and Liberty be a constant word. It was the
gratulation of the Roman historian in the days of the good Emperors,
that he could think what he pleased and speak what he thought. Should
this privilege ever fail in your new hall, or anywhere within its
influence, then must you forget the great example consecrated in the
name of Roger Williams. With this privilege securely established, you
may proudly point to a higher token of civilization than a column of
the Roman Forum or a frieze of the Parthenon.”
[40] “Nullum numen abest, si sit Prudentia.”--JUVENAL, _Sat._
X. 365.
[41] Life of Washington, Appendix, pp. 510, 511: Writings, Vol. I.,
Appendix, pp. 552, 553.
[42] Vol. I. p. 652.
[43] Ibid.
[44] Ibid., p. 478.
[45] Sylva, ed. Hunter, (York, 1776,) p. 497.
[46] The Satyr: Works, ed. Gifford, (London, 1816,) Vol. VI. p. 468.
[47] Memoirs, Vol. II. p. 50.
[48] At the date of Mr. Sumner’s letter the extremists of Slavery in
our country were known as “fire-eaters.”
[49] Memoirs, Vol. I. pp. 458, 483, 579.
[50] Introduction, p. 4, ed. Milman, London, 1839.
[51] The Republican Party, its Origin, Necessity, and Permanence:
_Ante_, pp. 191-229.
[52] See, _post_, p. 420.
[53] Langhorne, The Country Justice, Part I. 161-164. See also
Lockhart’s Life of Scott, Vol. I. ch. 5.
[54] Grahame, History of the United States, Book XI. ch. 5. Writings
of Washington, ed. Sparks, Vol. V., Appendix, No. 1. Mémoires,
Correspondance et Manuscrits du Général Lafayette, publiés par sa
Famille, Tom. I. pp. 9, 10, note.
[55] Letter to J. Holroyd, Esq.: Miscellaneous Works, ed. Lord
Sheffield, (London, 1814,) Vol. II. p. 197.
[56] Lettre au Duc d’Ayen, 9 Mars, 1777: Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 83.
[57] Ibid., p. 89.
[58] Letter of 17th July, 1777: Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 98.
[59] Ibid., p. 16, note.
[60] Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 21.
[61] Letter of January 4, 1782: Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. VII. p. 225.
[62] Letter of December 8, 1784: Ibid., Vol. IX. p. 78. See also
Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 62, note.
[63] Letter of 6th November, 1777: Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 119. See also
p. 133.
[64] Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 78.
[65] Mémoires, Tom. I. pp. 240-243. Washington’s Writings, ed. Sparks,
Vol. VI., Appendix, pp. 503, 504.
[66] Mémoires, Tom. I. pp. 61, 62. According to his Memoirs, the
Madeira wine of Boston completed his restoration. “Malgré sa faiblesse
extrême, M. de Lafayette, accompagné du docteur, alla sur ses chevaux à
Boston, où le vin de Madère acheva de le rétablir.” Ibid., p. 63.
[67] Ibid.
[68] Ibid., p. 65.
[69] Lettre à Madame de Lafayette, 5 Août, 1799: Mémoires, Tom. V. p.
71.
[70] Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 259.
[71] Ibid., p. 261, note.
[72] Rives’s Life and Times of James Madison, Vol. I. p. 294, note.
[73] Letter to Judge Pendleton, November 13, 1781: Ibid., p. 289, note.
[74] Rives’s Life and Times of James Madison, Vol. I. pp. 289, 290,
note.
[75] Ibid. An American citizen, who, after enjoying the honors of the
nation as Senator and as Minister to France, could become a Proslavery
Rebel, was incompetent to sit in judgment on Lafayette. In declaring
“the comparative nullity” of his career at home, “contrasted with the
unquestionable splendor of his American services and deeds,” he writes
as a Slave-Master, whose standard of merit excludes what is done for
Liberty and Equality.
[76] Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 4.
[77] Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 58.
[78] Correspondence of the American Revolution: Letters to Washington,
ed. Sparks, Vol. III. p. 547. Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 58.
[79] Letter to Alexander Hamilton, Boston, October 22, 1784: Hamilton’s
Works, edited by his Son, Vol. I. p. 422.
[80] Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 8. Madison, writing to Jefferson, under
date of October 17, 1784, says: “The time I have lately passed with
the Marquis has given me a pretty thorough insight into his character.
With great natural frankness of temper he unites much address and very
considerable talents. In his politics, he says his three hobby-horses
are the alliance between France and the United States, the union of
the latter, and the manumission of the slaves.” (Madison’s Letters
and other Writings, Vol. I. p. 106.) Call these hobby-horses! They
were three practical policies, having their foundation in everlasting
principles. How many of our own statesmen saw as wisely?
[81] Journal of Congress, Vol. X. p. 20: December 13, 1784. Mémoires,
Tom. II. p. 106.
[82] Letter of December 21, 1784: Correspondence of the Revolution, ed.
Sparks, Vol. IV. pp. 87, 89; Mémoires, Tom. II. pp. 111, 113.
[83] Letter to Washington, October 26, 1786: Correspondence of the
Revolution, ed. Sparks, Vol. IV. p. 144; Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 157.
[84] Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 131.
[85] Correspondence of Charles, First Marquis Cornwallis, ed. Ross,
Vol. I. p. 205.
[86] Letter of 5th April, 1783: Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. VIII. p.
414; Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 74.
[87] Mémoires, Tom. II. pp. 9, 139; Tom. III. p. 72.
[88] Letter of 10th May, 1786: Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. IX. p. 163.
[89] Works of John Adams, Vol. VIII. p. 376.
[90] Hamilton’s Works, edited by his Son, Vol. I. pp. 423, 424.
[91] Lady Morgan’s France, Vol. I. p. 71. Ticknor’s Outlines of the
Life of Lafayette, p. 19. Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 177.
[92] Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 252.
[93] Mémoires, Tom. II. p. 251.
[94] Speech in the National Assembly, February 20, 1790: Mémoires, Tom.
II. p. 383.
[95] Mémoires, Tom. III. p. 71, note. Clarkson, History of the
Abolition of the African Slave-Trade, (Philadelphia, 1808,) Vol. II.
pp. 106, 107.
[96] Mémoires, Tom. IV. pp. 221, 230, 231.
[97] Mémoires, Tom. IV. p. 288.
[98] Ibid., pp. 237, 238.
[99] Ibid., p. 242.
[100] Mémoires, Tom. III. p. 412; Tom. IV. p. 229.
[101] Lettre à Madame d’Hénin, Magdebourg, 13 Mars, 1793: Mémoires,
Tom. IV. p. 224; Sparks’s Life of Gouverneur Morris, Vol. I. p. 410;
Washington’s Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. IX. p. 163, note.
[102] Mémoires, Tom. III. pp. 72 and 401, note.
[103] Speech of Gen. Fitzpatrick in the House of Commons, December 16,
1796: Hansard’s Parliamentary History, Vol. XXXII. col. 1353.
[104] “M. de la Fayette est de ces hommes que nous devons aimer, et
lors de sa captivité je me présentai à l’Empereur pour réclamer sa
liberté, que je n’ai pas eu le bonheur d’obtenir.” This is the report,
by Joseph Bonaparte, of the conversation of Lord Cornwallis at the
dinner-table of the former, in 1802.--_Mémoires du Roi Joseph_, Tom. I.
pp. 86, 87.
[105] In this effort Washington responded to the appeal of Madame de
Lafayette by letter to himself. “In this abyss of misery,” she wrote,
“the idea of owing to the United States and to Washington the life and
liberty of M. de Lafayette kindles a ray of hope in my heart. I hope
everything from the goodness of the people with whom he has set an
example of that Liberty of which he is now made the victim.”--_Letter
of October 8, 1792_: Washington’s Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. X. p. 316,
note.
[106] Exhibiting this chivalrous incident, Mr. Sumner had in mind our
fugitive slaves and the generous souls who did not shrink from helping
them.
[107] Letter to the Marchioness de Lafayette, January 31, 1793:
Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. X. p. 315.
[108] Letter dated Lemkuhlen, 27 Janvier, 1798: Mémoires, Tom. IV. p.
403.
[109] Letter of 20th April, 1798: Ibid., p. 432.
[110] Ibid., Tom. V. p. 71.
[111] Mémoires, Tom. V. p. 198.
[112] May 20, 1802. Ibid., pp. 199, 200.
[113] Mémoires, Tom. V. pp. 257, 258, 261.
[114] Letter to Mr. Madison, 22d April, 1805, MS.
[115] Biographie Universelle (Michaud), Supplément, Tom. LXIX. p. 382,
art. LAFAYETTE.
[116] Speech in the Chamber of Deputies, June 4, 1819: Mémoires, Tom.
VI. pp. 50, 51.
[117] Speech in the Chamber of Deputies, May 27, 1820: Ibid., p. 83.
[118] Speech in the Chamber of Deputies, July 9, 1829: Mémoires, Tom.
VI. p. 313. Biographie Universelle (Michaud), Supplément, Tom. LXIX. p.
388, art. LAFAYETTE.
[119] Mémoires, Tom. VI. pp. 185, 220. There is also a correspondence
with Colonel Seaton, of the _National Intelligencer_, on this
interesting subject. A letter to the latter, dated January 1, 1827,
has seen the light since this address, where, alluding to the District
of Columbia, Lafayette says: “The state of Slavery, especially in
that emporium of foreign visitors and European ministers, is a most
lamentable drawback on the example of independence and freedom
presented to the world by the United States.”--_William Winston Seaton,
a Biographical Sketch_, p. 267.
[120] Mrs. Jameson’s Sacred and Legendary Art, pp. 424-427.
[121] Ordre du Jour du 29 Juillet, 1830: Mémoires, Tom. VI. p. 391.
[122] Ordre du Jour du 19 Décembre, 1830: Mémoires, Tom. VI. p. 491.
[123] Lettre à Thomas Clarkson, 11 Mai, 1823: Ibid., p. 159.
[124] Mémoires, Tom. VI. p. 222.
[125] Ibid., p. 754, note.
[126] Lettre à M. Murray, Président de la Société d’Émancipation des
Noirs, à Glasgow, 1 Mai, 1834: Mémoires, Tom. VI. p. 763, note.
[127] Funeral Oration over the first who fell in the Peloponnesian War:
Thucydides, Hist., Book II. c. 43.
[128] Tickell, On the Death of Mr. Addison, 43-46. Latterly these
verses have been inscribed on the pavement of Westminster Abbey, over
the resting-place of the author by whom they were originally inspired.
[129] McPherson’s Political History of the United States during the
Great Rebellion, p. 72.
[130] This testimony was an evident surprise at the time. The venerable
F. P. Blair, of Silver Spring, heard it from the gallery of the Senate,
and expressed himself most confidently with regard to its importance
and probable influence. But the plot had gone too far. Shortly
afterwards the autograph letter was destroyed by the person to whom it
was addressed, but not until after it had been photographed in Boston.
[131] These two were in the series of January 3, 1861, and according to
Mr. Crittenden were “proposed by the honorable Senator from Illinois”
(Mr. Douglas), although nothing in the _Congressional Globe_ shows that
the propositions of Mr. Douglas offered to the Committee of Thirteen
(_ante_, p. 433) were ever before proposed in the Senate. Whatever
their origin, they were adopted by Mr. Crittenden, and became part of
his Compromise. Of the original copies printed for the Senate only a
single copy _containing the important additions_ remains on the files.
The propositions in their first form are in the _Globe_, under date
of December 18, 1860, p. 114, also in McPherson’s _Political History
of the Rebellion_, pp. 64, 65. They do not appear in the _Globe_ on
reintroduction with additions, January 3, 1861, p. 237, but the first
addition is found at a later date, March 2, 1861, p. 1368, when they
were voted on. Nor do the additions appear in McPherson’s History. It
is proper that the disfranchisement of the colored race, where already
voters, should not be forgotten as one of the terms of this sacrifice.
[132] Congressional Globe, 36th Cong. 2d Sess., pp. 1338-1340, March 2,
1861.
[133] Secretary of the Treasury.
[134] Hon. Edwin M. Stanton.
[135] Debates in the Federal Convention, August 25, 1787: Madison
Papers, Vol. III. pp. 1429, 1430.
[136] See, _ante_, Vol. III. p. 343; also Congressional Globe, 33d
Cong. 1st Sess., Appendix, p. 785.
[137] Speech, March 8, 1820: Mémoires, Tom. VI. p. 70. _Ante_, p. 4.
[138] For Mr. Clark’s substitute, see, _ante_, p. 440.
[139] He was already dead.
[140] Mr. Tappan died March 25, 1871, in the ninetieth year of his age.
[141] Speech of Hon. Jesse D. Bright, December 13, 1852: Congressional
Globe, 32d Cong. 2d Sess., p. 40.
[142] A telegraphic despatch in the Philadelphia _Inquirer_ records the
feeling. “Senator Sumner, who is now stopping at Barnum’s Hotel, causes
much excitement. There is great indignation felt among all parties at
his presence among us.”
[143] The lady at whose house Mr. Sumner took tea was warned to leave
without delay, unless she was willing to brave the vengeance of the
mob; and she left.
[144] Schouler’s History of Massachusetts in the Civil War, p. 97.
[145] Rebellion Record, Vol. I. Diary, pp. 34, 35.
[146] McPherson’s Political History of the United States, p. 382,
_note_.
[147] Opinions of the Attorneys-General, Vol. X. p. 382.
[148] Rebellion Record, Vol. III. Diary, p. 35.
[149] Cicero, Oratio in Catilinam I. c. 7. The orator here personifies
his country, which speaks. More of the passage is applicable to
Slavery: “Tu non solum ad negligendas leges ac quæstiones, verum etiam
ad evertendas perfringendasque valuisti. Superiora illa, quamquam
ferenda non fuerunt, tamen, ut potui, tuli; nunc vero me totam esse in
metu propter te unum.” In the same spirit, Niebuhr, the great German,
says of Catiline: “He was so completely diabolical that I know of no
one in history that can be compared with him, and you may rely upon it
that the colors in which his character is described are not too dark.”
(Lectures on the History of Rome, ed. Schmitz, London, 1849, Vol. III.
p. 13.) All of which, whether by Cicero or Niebuhr, is true of Slavery.
[150] See Appendix, pp. 34, 35.
[151] Langhorne’s translation is here given, as the most common. For
the discussion on this citation, see Appendix, pp. 35-37.
[152] Smith, art. SERVUS.
[153] Rebellion Record, Vol. II., Documents, p. 438.
[154] Executive Documents, 25th Cong. 3d Sess., H. of R., No. 225, pp.
31, 37, 38.
[155] Giddings’s Exiles of Florida, p. 226.
[156] Giddings’s Exiles of Florida, pp. 326, 327. Opinions of
Attorneys-General, Vol. IV. p. 722.
[157] Congressional Globe, 24th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 499; Congressional
Debates, Vol. XII. Part 4, col. 4031: May 25, 1836.
[158] Congressional Globe, 24th Cong. 1st Sess., Appendix, p. 435;
Congressional Debates, Vol. XII. Part 4, col. 4047: May 25, 1836.
[159] Congressional Globe, 27th Cong. 1st Sess., pp. 27, 38, June
7th and 9th, 1841. The speech of June 7th was long, but was never
reported. Mr. Charles J. Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, while declaring
his devotion to his Southern brethren, and tendering his services,
“even as a corporal or a private,” said that he heard this speech with
“astonishment and horror.” (Ibid., pp. 38, 39.) The speech of June 9th
is brief.
[160] Congressional Globe, 27th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 342, March 21, 1842.
[161] April 14 and 15, 1842.
[162] Congressional Globe, 27th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 429.
[163] Congressional Globe, 27th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 429.
[164] Ibid.
[165] “Totidem esse hostes, quot servos.” A saying of Cato the elder.
(Seneca, Epist. XLVII.). Archdeacon Paley, the lucid moralist, in a
speech at Carlisle, February 9, 1792, on the Slave-Trade, announced,
as “a principle inherent in every man, ‘that a slave watches his
opportunity to get free.’” Works, (Boston and Newport, 1810-12,) Vol.
V. p. 498.
[166] History, Book I. ch. 101; Book VII. ch. 27; Book VIII. ch. 40.
[167] Ibid., Book IV. ch. 80.
[168] The Clouds, 5-7.
[169] The Laws, Book VI. ch. 5.
[170] Ibid., ch. 19.
[171] Rebellion Record, Vol. II., Diary, p. 33.
[172] Letter of Attorney-General Bates: McPherson’s Political History
of the United States during the Great Rebellion, p. 235, note; also
Appleton’s Annual Cyclopædia, 1861, art. SLAVES, p. 642. This
letter is not found in the Opinions of the Attorneys-General.
[173] Rebellion Record, Vol. II., Documents, pp. 437, 438.
[174] Rebellion Record, Vol. II., Documents, p. 493.
[175] Appleton’s Annual Cyclopædia, 1861, art. SLAVES, p. 643.
The Secretary spoke at a “clam-bake.”
[176] Rebellion Record, Vol. III., Documents, p. 36.
[177] On the Frogs, 190.
[178] Plutarch, Decem Oratorum Vitæ: Hyperides. See also Demosthenes,
Contra Aristogitonem II. pp. 803, 804; Allgemeine Encyklopädie
von Ersch und Gruber, art. HYPERIDES; Smith’s Dictionary
of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Vol. I. p. 985, art.
DEMOSTHENES.
[179] From a MS. note-book; but the reference is accidentally omitted.
[180] History of Rome, Vol. II. p. 300.
[181] Art. CAIUS MARIUS.
[182] History of Rome, ed. Schmitz, Vol. I. (forming the fourth volume
of the entire History) p. 400.
[183] From the French of Amiot, Cambridge, 1676, p. 367.
[184] Life of Tiberius Gracchus, tr. Langhorne.
[185] History of Rome, ed. Schmitz, Vol. I. p. 326.
[186] Suetonius, Julius Cæsar, c. XLII.
[187] Merivale, History of the Romans under the Empire, Vol. I. p. 52.
[188] Life of Caius Marius, tr. Langhorne.
[189] Ibid., from the French of Amiot, Cambridge, 1676, p. 368.
[190] Ibid., tr. Langhorne.
[191] Life of Sertorius, tr. Langhorne.
[192] Ibid.
[193] “Out of which materials he made up a legion.”--_Decline of the
Roman Republic_, Vol. II. Chap. XVIII. p. 239.
[194] Mr. Charles C. Hazewell, in an elaborate article, brought his
rare acuteness and reading in reply to the critics. _Daily Evening
Traveller_, October 19, 1861.
[195] The _New York Herald_, in reproducing the letter, attributed it
to Prince Napoleon. In like spirit, Maurice Sand, son of George Sand,
who was in the suite of the Prince, in his _Six Mille Lieues à toute
Vapeur_, in the _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1862, Jan.-Fév., p. 686.
[196] Lettres sur les États-Unis d’Amérique, par le Lieutenant-Colonel
Ferri-Pisani, Aide-de-Camp de S. A. I. Prince Napoléon, pp. 121, 122.
[197] Mr. Sumner insisted that the Union could be saved only through
Freedom.
[198] Strictly true, during the delivery of the speech.
[199] L’Amérique devant l’Europe, pp. 262, 268, 440.
[200] Special Report of the Antislavery Conference in Paris, August 24
and 27, 1867, pp. 30, 31.
[201] Journal des Débats, 11 Oct., 1871.
[202] Cicero, Oratio ad Quirites post Reditum, c. 8,--quoted in Private
Letters of Junius to H. S. Woodfall, No. 59, March 5, 1772: Woodfall’s
Junius, (London, 1812,) Vol. I. p. 253.
[203] An Historical Research respecting the Opinions of the Founders of
the Republic on Negroes as Slaves, as Citizens, and as Soldiers: read
before the Massachusetts Historical Society, August 14, 1862. Reprinted
from Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1862-63.
[204] This introduction is taken from the pamphlet edition of the
Oration.
[205] Of Reformation in England, Book II.: Prose Works, ed. Symmons,
Vol. I. p. 45.
[206] Rebellion Record, Vol. I. pp. 45, 46.
[207] The Debates in 1776 on the Declaration of Independence, etc.,
preserved by Thomas Jefferson: Madison Papers, Vol. I. p. 17;
Jefferson’s Writings, Vol. I. p. 18.
[208] Bowen, Life of Benjamin Lincoln: Sparks’s American Biography, 2d
Ser. Vol. XIII. p. 286.
[209] Debates in the Federal Convention, August 21, 22, 1787: Madison
Papers, Vol. III. pp. 1389-1395.
[210] Works of John Adams, Vol. I. p. 207.
[211] Letter to James Lloyd, 11th February, 1815: Works, Vol. X. p. 119.
[212] Congressional Globe, 36th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 32, December 10,
1860. _Ante_, Vol. V. p. 430.
[213] Greeley’s American Conflict, Vol. I. p. 345.
[214] Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 39.
[215] Hume, History of England, (London, 1786,) Chap. LV. Vol. VI. p.
493.
[216] Soame Jenyns, The American Coachman, st. 1,--a poem at the time
of our Revolution, suggested by a pamphlet of Dean Tucker proposing to
let the Colonies go.
[217] Whately, Bacon’s Essays, with Annotations, 3d edit. revised, p.
140, Essay XV.
[218] Charles James Fox, Letter to Lord Holland, 18th June, 1804.
[219] See, _ante_, Vol. V. p. 215.
[220] The Friend, Essay XVI.
[221] Lafayette, Mémoires, Tom. III. p. 376.
[222] Speech, January 21, 1794: Hansard, Parliamentary History, Vol.
XXX. 1221, 1222.
[223] Hansard, XXX. 1114.
[224] Ibid., 1118. Brissot to his Constituents, translated, (London,
1794,) p. 81.
[225] Brissot to his Constituents, translated, (London, 1794,) pp. 9,
34.
[226] The Causes and Conduct of the Civil War. Address before the
Mercantile Library Association of Boston, October 16, 1861: Orations
and Speeches, Vol. IV. p. 485.
[227] Montgomery (Alabama) Advertiser.
[228] Annal., Lib. XV. c. 44.
[229] Origen, Contra Celsum, Lib. III. c. 55.
[230] Minucius Felix, Octavius, c. 8.
[231] This cry found echo out of the hall in a stirring poem by A. J.
H. Duganne, entitled, “On to Freedom.”
[232] Rebellion Record, Vol. III., Documents, p. 101.
[233] Later speeches show how this pledge was fulfilled.
[234] Plutarch, Decem Oratorum Vitæ: Hyperides.
[235] Liv., Lib. XXII. c. 57; Lib. XXIV. c. 14-16.
[236] _Post_, Appendix, p. 116.
[237] Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 1st Sess., pp. 218, 219.
[238] Statutes at Large, Vol. XII. p. 319.
[239] Finger-Point from Plymouth Rock: _ante_, Vol. III. p. 269.
[240] Cicero, Oratio in Pisonem, c. 32.
[241] History of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade,
(Philadelphia, 1808,) Vol. II. p. 460, note.
[242] Collins, Ode written in the beginning of the year 1746.
[243] Hon. David C. Broderick, Senator of the United States from
California, killed in a duel by David S. Terry, Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of that State, September 16, 1859.
[244] Thucydides, History, Book II. ch. 39.
[245] Since admission as a State its Senators had been of the
Democratic party.
[246] John C. Breckinridge.
[247] Macbeth, Act IV. Scene 3.